{"id":"F2020L01547","name":"Montague Island Lighthouse Heritage Management Plan 2020","slug":"montague-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":130773,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2020L01547-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Contents","sectionType":"part","heading":"Contents","content":"# Contents","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"Executive Summary","sectionType":"part","heading":"Executive Summary","content":"# Executive Summary","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"1. Introduction","sectionType":"part","heading":"1. Introduction","content":"# 1. Introduction","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"1.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Background and purpose","content":"### 1.1 Background and purpose\n\nAMSA is the Commonwealth agency responsible for marine AtoN. Our network includes the Montague Island Lighthouse in NSW built in 1881.\n\nThe EPBC Act 1999 requires the preparation of management plans that satisfy the obligations included in Schedule 7A and 7B of the EPBC Regulations 2000. The principal features of this management plan are:\n\n • a description of the place, its heritage values, their condition and the method used to assess its significance\n • an administrative management framework\n • a description of any proposals for change\n • an array of conservation policies that protect and manage the place\n • an implementation plan\n • ways the policies will be monitored and how the management plan will be reviewed.\n\nWe have commissioned this heritage management plan to guide the future conservation of the place.\n\n \n\nThis plan provides the framework and basis for the conservation and best practice management of the Montague Island Lighthouse in recognition of its heritage values. The policies in this plan indicate the objectives for identification, protection, conservation and presentation of the Commonwealth heritage values of the place. Figure 2 shows the basic planning process applied.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"1.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Heritage management plan objectives","content":"### 1.2 Heritage management plan objectives\n\nThe objectives of this heritage management plan are to:\n\n • protect, conserve and manage the Commonwealth\n\nheritage values of the Montague Island Lighthouse\n\n • interpret and promote the Commonwealth heritage values of the Montague Island Lighthouse\n • manage use of the lightstation\n • use best practice standards, including ongoing technical and community input, and apply\n\nbest available knowledge and expertise when considering actions likely to have a substantial impact on Commonwealth heritage values.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"1.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Methodology","content":"### 1.3 Methodology\n\nThe methods to prepare this plan are consistent with the recommendations of The Burra Charter. The plan addresses:\n\n • The history of the site based on information sourced from archival research, expert knowledge and documentary resources.\n • The description of the site based on information sourced from site inspection reports and fabric registers.\n • The Commonwealth heritage criterions satisfied by Montague Island as set out by the EPBC Act 1999 and EPBC Regulations (2000).\n\n \nThe EPBC Regulations (2000) Schedule 7A\n\n(h) (i-xiii) was used to develop the necessary policies for management of the Montague Island Lighthouse, and the Department of the Environment and Energy advised on best practice management approaches.\n\nThe draft management plan was advertised in accordance with the EPBC Act 1999 and EPBC Regulations (2000). A response was received proposing the placement of a concessionaire on the Island. This request was passed onto NSW NPWS and was not incorporated into the final document.\n\nThe Wagonga Local Aboriginal Land Council (WLALC) was consulted with in April 2020, and information on the Island’s history, and\n\naboriginal associations were incorporated into the management plan. The Council’s request to erect a symbol on the island was also incorporated in this management plan and will be included within the Fabric Register section in future versions of this plan.\n\nConsultations with the WLALC are still currently ongoing and we anticipate further feedback. This feedback will be included in an amended version of the plan.\n\nThe New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service was consulted with in March 2020 and provided AMSA with feedback on the plan as a whole. Their edits relating to the history of the Island, the site’s current uses, and policies on management were incorporated into the final document.\n\nA developed draft was submitted to the Minister through the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment where advice was sought from the Australian Heritage Council. On 26 August 2020, the Australian Heritage Council advised that the plan was not inconsistent with the Commonwealth Heritage Management Principles, and gave approval..\n\nNo updates or amendments have been made in this version of the plan. Future updates and\n\namendments will be listed here in later versions.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"1.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Status","content":"### 1.4 Status\n\nThis plan has been adopted by AMSA in accordance with Schedule 7A (Management plans for Commonwealth Heritage places) and Schedule 7B (Commonwealth Heritage management principles) of the EPBC Regulations (2000) to guide the management of the place and for inclusion in the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"1.5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Authorship","content":"### 1.5 Authorship\n\nThis plan has been prepared by AMSA. At the initial time of publication, Australian Maritime Systems Group (AMSG) is the contracted maintenance provider for the Commonwealth Government’s AtoN network including Montague Island Lighthouse.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"1.6","sectionType":"division","heading":"Acknowledgements","content":"### 1.6 Acknowledgements\n\nAMSA acknowledges the professional assistance of\n\nPeter Marquis-Kyle, heritage architect.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"1.7","sectionType":"division","heading":"Language","content":"### 1.7 Language\n\nFor clarity and consistency, some words in this plan such as restoration, reconstruction, and preservation, are used with the meanings defined in the Burra Charter 1. See Appendix 1 Glossary of heritage conservation terms. Also see Appendix 2 Glossary of lighthouse terminology relevant to Montague Island Lighthouse, which sets out the technical terminology used in this plan.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"1.8","sectionType":"division","heading":"Previous reports","content":"### 1.8 Previous reports\n\nA Supplementary Information Report (NPWS Lighthouses – Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan) was completed by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd in November 2001 for the NSW NPWS.\n\nA Heritage Lighthouse Report was completed for AMSA by heritage architect Peter Marquis-Kyle in 2007.","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"1.9","sectionType":"division","heading":"Sources of information and images","content":"### 1.9 Sources of information and images\n\nThis plan has incorporated a number of sources including the National Archives of Australia (NAA), National Library of Australia (NLA), as well as the AMSA heritage collection.\n\nPhotos with no credit are solely owned by AMSA.\n\nWebsite URLs are referenced via superscript (for example Montague Island Reportx) and located at the end of the document (See Website Links).","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"2. Montague Island Lightstation site","sectionType":"part","heading":"2. Montague Island Lightstation site","content":"# 2. Montague Island Lightstation site","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"2.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Location","content":"### 2.1 Location\n\nThe Montague Island lighthouse is located on Montague Island, a protected nature reserve found offshore from the South Coast region of New South Wales. The lighthouse and island are approximately\n\n \n\n10 kilometres south-east of Narooma, NSW, and approximately 350 kilometres south of Sydney, NSW.\n\nLighthouse coordinates: 36° 15.1143 ‘S, 150°\n\n13.6035 ‘E","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"2.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Setting and landscape","content":"### 2.2 Setting and landscape\n\nThe lighthouse is located on the Montague Island\n\nNature Reserve, a protected reserve approximately\n\n \n82 ha in size. The island is outlined with rugged, steep cliffs with landing only possible at two sheltered locations on the western side of the island. Montague Island is a gazetted Aboriginal Place.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"Fauna and flora","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Fauna and flora","content":"#### Fauna and flora\n\nClassified as a nature reserve by NPWS, Montague Island is recognised for its abundance of unique fauna and flora.\n\nThe island supports NSW’s largest colony of Eudyptula minor (or little penguin) that breeds on the island. Additionally, Australian fur seals and New Zealand fur seals are regular visitors to the Island with up to 10,000 counted along the shores during peak season.\n\nHumpback whales are frequently spotted passing Montague Island during spring, with some Orcinus orca, or killer whales, occasionally seen in nearby waters.\n\nThe island has approximately 90 bird species that migrate to the area throughout the year. Of these, 12 species are known to nest on the island including short-tailed shearwaters, wedge-tailed shearwaters, Gould’s kites, peregrine falcons, swamp harriers, crested terns, and silver gulls.\n\nOver 200 plant species have been identified on Montague Island.2 Whilst many are introduced to the island, the majority of the island is covered by Lomandra longifolia (mat-rush). Other flora recorded includes:\n\n • tussock grass, found along the Island’s northern\n\nslopes\n\n • Westringia fruticosa\n • Pelargonium austral\n • Melaleuca armillaris\n • Correa alba, found along the cliff edges\n • coastal wattle\n\nA Montague Island Nature Reserve Plan of Management was published in 1996 and offers additional information on the environmental management of the reserve.b NPWS is currently undertaking a review of this plan.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"2.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Lease and ownership","content":"### 2.3 Lease and ownership\n\nThe Montague Island lighthouse and surrounding land is managed by the New South Wales State Government. AMSA lease the lighthouse and land from NPWS.\n\nThe AMSA lease consists of one parcel of land (Lot 1) which encompasses the lighthouse tower alone.\n\nThe current lease was signed on 9 July 1998, commencing on 1 July 1997 and terminating on 30 June 2022, with an option to renew for a further 25 years. The lease stipulates that AMSA must comply with any applicable management plan and state environmental laws.\n\nDue to public interest in Montague Island and the lighthouse, a tourism license was signed between AMSA and the NSW Minister for the Environment commencing 1 July 1997, ceasing on 30 June 2022 with a renewal option for a further 25 years.\n\nMontague Island is a gazetted Aboriginal Place and a Native Title claim application is currently active under the South Coast People.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"2.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Listings","content":"### 2.4 Listings\n\n![](image.019.png)The table below details the various heritage listings of the Montague Island Lightstation.\n\n```html\n

Register

Commonwealth Heritage List

ID

105601c

NSW State Heritage List

01000d

Register of the National Estate

103602e

\n```","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"3. History","sectionType":"part","heading":"3. History","content":"# 3. History","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"3.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"General history of lighthouses in Australia","content":"### 3.1 General history of lighthouses in Australia\n\nThe first lighthouse to be constructed along Australian soil was Macquarie Lighthouse, located at the entrance to Port Jackson, NSW. First lit in 1818, the cost of the lighthouse was recovered through the introduction of a levy on shipping. This was instigated by Governor Lachlan Macquarie, who ordered and named the light.\n\nThe following century oversaw the construction of hundreds of lighthouses around the country. Constructing and maintaining a lighthouse were costly ventures that often required the financial support of multiple colonies. However, they were deemed necessary aids in assisting the safety of mariners at sea. Lighthouses were firstly\n\nmanaged by the colony they lay within, with each colony developing their own style of lighthouse and operational system. Following Federation in 1901, which saw the various colonies unite under one Commonwealth government, lighthouse management was transferred from state hands to the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service.3\n\n![](image.021.jpeg) \n\nFigure 11\\. Early technology used in lighthouses 3","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"Lamps and optics — an overview","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lamps and optics — an overview","content":"#### Lamps and optics – an overview\n\nLighthouse technology has altered drastically over the centuries. Eighteenth century lighthouses were lit using parabolic mirrors and oil lamps.\n\nDocumentation of early examples of parabolic mirrors in the United Kingdom, circa 1760, were documented as consisting of wood and lined with pieces of looking glass or plates of tin. As described by Searle, “When light hits a shiny surface, it is reflected at an angle equal to that at which it hit.\n\nWith a light source is placed in the focal point of a parabolic reflector, the light rays are reflected parallel to one another, producing a concentrated beam”4.\n\nIn 1822, Augustin Fresnel invented the dioptric glass lens. By crafting concentric annular rings with a convex lens, Fresnel had discovered a method\n\nof reducing the amount of light absorbed by a lens. The Dioptric System was adopted quickly with Cordouran Lighthouse (France), which was fitted with the first dioptric lens in 1823. The majority\n\nof heritage-listed lighthouses in Australia house dioptric lenses made by others such as Chance Brothers (United Kingdom), Henry-LePaute (France), Barbier, Bernard & Turenne (BBT, France) and Svenska Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator (AGA\n\nof Sweden). These lenses were made in a range of standard sizes, called orders—see ‘Appendix 2. Glossary of lighthouse Terms relevant to Montague Island Lighthouse’.\n\nEarly Australian lighthouses were originally fuelled by whale oil and burned in Argand lamps, and multiple wicks were required in order to create a large flame that could be observed from sea. By the 1850s, whale oil had been replaced by colza oil, which was in turn replaced by kerosene, a mineral oil.\n\nIn 1900, incandescent burners were introduced. This saw the burning of fuel inside an incandescent mantle which produced a brighter light with less fuel\n\nwithin a smaller volume. Light keepers were required to maintain pressure to the burner by manually pumping a handle as can be seen in Figure 12.\n\nIn 1912, Swedish engineer Gustaf Dalén, was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for a series of inventions relating to acetylene-powered navigation lights. Dalén’s system included the sun valve,","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"3.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"The Commonwealth lighthouse service","content":"### 3.2 The Commonwealth lighthouse service\n\nWhen the Australian colonies federated in 1901, it was decided that the new Commonwealth Government would be responsible for coastal\n\nlighthouses. This included only the major lights used by vessels travelling from port to port, not the minor lights used for navigation within harbours and rivers. There was a delay before this new arrangement came into effect and the existing lights continued to be operated by the states.\n\nSince 1915, various Commonwealth departments have managed lighthouses. The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), established under the Australian Maritime Safety Authority Act 1990, is now responsible for operating Commonwealth lighthouses and other marine aids to navigation, along with its other functions.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"3.4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Montague Island: a history","content":"## 3.4 Montague Island: a history","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"Indigenous history","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Indigenous history","content":"#### Indigenous history\n\nVivienne Mason, Chairperson of Wagonga Local Aboriginal Land Council, Elder and Knowledge Holder of the Yuin Tribe shared knowledge of the land the light house sits on:\n\n“A Dreamtime Story of my people, the Yuin, is that Barranguba (Montague Island) is the son of Gulaga, the mother mountain, (Mt Dromedary). Barranguba being the eldest son wanted to leave his mother, Gulaga. Gulaga agreed that Barranguba could move, but only on the condition that she would\n\nbe able to watch over him. Barranguba went off- shore to live, far enough away from his mother but close enough for her to watch over him. Gulaga’s youngest son, Nadjanuka also wanted to leave but Gulaga insisted he stayed close by on the land to protect the Budjarns (Birds). To this day Barranguba, Nadjanuka and Gulaga are connected through her umbilical cord (an Underwater Freshwater Stream running from Gulaga to Barranguba and Nadjanuka. There is a fresh water spring on Barranguba but the location has been lost.”\n\n‘Also, we were told, many years ago, that Aboriginal paintings were found on Barranguba, but they are now hidden due to the changes to the land. Legend has it that Barranguba is a Men’s Place but this is debated, it depend on who you speak to.”\n\nIt is recorded in a newspaper article from the first settlers of Narooma (copy at the National Library), that a tragedy befell a group of young Aboriginal men and women, who were returning from their annual seabird egg gathering expedition from Barranguba. These young people were lost at sea when a freak wave hit them.","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"Early European history","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Early European history","content":"#### Early European history\n\nIn 1770, British navigator and cartographer James\n\nCook sailed along the New South Wales coast. Although recording the ‘camel-shaped mountain’ which he named Mount Dromedary, Cook did not recognise the island as separate to the mainland and mistakenly recorded it as part of the headland.\n\nIt was not until 1790 that the convict ship Surprise\n\ndetermined Montague was in fact an island.\n\nIt is alleged the island was named after George Montague Dunk, the Earl of Halifax.\n\nResearch on the early European history of the island yielded little information. During the mid- 19th century, a gold rush occured in Nerrigundah, north of Narooma, and it is alleged sea bird eggs were collected from Montague to sell to the miners. Records indicate a number of fishing shacks existed at some point on the western shore of the island, however no substantial structures were built and no remains have been located.9\n\n 3.5 Planning a lighthouse","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"Why Montague Island?","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Why Montague Island?","content":"#### Why Montague Island?\n\nDue to its offshore and elevated position, Montague Island offered the perfect vantage point for a light.\n\nIn 1873, the erection of a lighthouse on Montague Island (known then as Montagu) was first proposed during a conference between the principal officers of the Marine Departments of the Australian Colonies chaired by Captain Hixson. However, it was not until 1877 that funds were allocated by the New South Wales Government to carry out the project.10","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"Design","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Design","content":"#### Design\n\nJames Barnet, colonial architect for New South Wales, was placed in charge of designing the plans for a light at Montague Island. Barnet, alongside prospective tenders, visited the Island and assisted in\n\n \n\n![](image.026.png)\n\n![](image.027.png)selecting the best location for a lightstation. His blueprints, which were created following this visit, featured a granite tower 12-m in height with tapering walls and one upper platform.","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"Construction","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Construction","content":"#### Construction\n\nTenders for the construction of a light at Montague Island were called October 1878. The initial successful contractor, J Musson and Co., had their offer of £13,900 accepted for an estimated 15-month construction period. The contract was signed on the 5 February 1879.\n\nWork commenced with Mr John Kelly acting as foreman of works on behalf of the government, and Mr James Peters for the contractors.\n\nHowever, poor management and inadequate materials hindered work running smoothly on- site. The lighthouse was to stand on a large boulder overlooking the Island, and Barnet strictly instructed the boulder not to be touched. Contrary\n\nto these express orders, the contractor fired a shot at the boulder which detached a large mass and caused the position of the Tower to be altered by","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"Equipment when built","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Equipment when built","content":"#### Equipment when built\n\nFollowing construction, Montague lighthouse stood as a 21 m tall circular granite tower with a light source powered by kerosene, providing an intensity of 45,000 cd.\n\nThe 910 mm focal radius, 8 panels, 1st Order Chance Bros. lantern and lens rotated on a roller pedestal which operated by clockwork mechanism and weights in the central tube within the tower.\n\nThe lens revolved every four minutes with:\n\n“a steady flare for 30 seconds, then an eclipse for 13 seconds, and then a brilliant flash lasting four seconds, followed by another eclipse of 13 seconds’ duration.” 13\n\n![](image.033.png) \n\nFigure 19. View of Montague Island Lighthouse, 1917 (NAA, 4746689)","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"3.6","sectionType":"division","heading":"Lighthouse keepers","content":"### 3.6 Lighthouse keepers\n\nDue to the island’s isolation, lightkeeping was\n\na demanding livelihood. The arrival of food and supplies from passing steamers lay at the mercy of\n\n \n\nthe weather and swell of the surrounding waters. In 1952, the lightkeepers and their families went without fresh food for 10 days, eventually resorting to hunting wild goats roaming the Island. 14\n\nTragedy was also a common theme on the island. The lack of medical assistance available, and the inability to traverse the passage separating the island from the mainland, meant deaths among lightkeepers and their families occured. Head keeper, John Burgess, lost two of his children in the 1880s, one to whooping cough and the other to an unknown illness, and an assistant keeper Charles Townsend died after being thrown from his horse in 1894.\n\nMrs John Burgess’s letter to the local newspapers exemplified the consequences of isolation in 1894:\n\nI have been a lighthouse keeper’s wife for nearly fifteen years, both at South Solitary and Montague Islands.\n\nDuring that period several deaths have occurred in my family and those of the assistants, also accidents. We never could procure assistance till too late; although steamers pass both north and south frequently, they do not seem to see when we have a distress signal flying from our flagstaff. 15\n\nThe graves of the Burgess children and Mr Townsend, which are located nearby the lighthouse and cottages, are a stark reminder of the dangers faced in taking up lightkeeping in isolated locations.16\n\nThe move to automate the lighthouse in the 1980s faced controversy among keepers and local communities who feared it would lead to its dilapidation.17\n\nEventually however, the lighthouse was officially de-manned in 1986 following the station’s automation.","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"3.7","sectionType":"division","heading":"Chronology of major events","content":"### 3.7 Chronology of major events\n\n![](image.025.png)The table below details the major events to have occurred at the Montague Island Lightstation.\n\n```html\n

Date

1881

Event Details

The Montague Island Lighthouse officially lit for the first time.

3 Dec 1894

Assistant lightkeeper, Mr Townsend, killed in cart accident on Montague Island.

13 Dec 1894

Light keeper, Mr Emanuel Francis, wounded in an accident involving a burst gun on Montague Island. Francis had only recently arrived on the island to replace the previous assistant lightkeeper, the late Mr Townsend, who had been killed the week before.18

5 Aug 1895

Tremors experienced at Montague Island Lighthouse – no damage to lighthouse.19

Sep 1907

First scientific visit conducted on the island by ornithologist, AF Basset Hull.

Apr 1908

The Department of Navigation received word from the Montague Island Lighthouse that owing to a strike, no supply vessels had delievered food to the lighthouse for over a fortnight.20

Mar 1910

Acetylene gas Morse signal lamp installed on Montague Island – allowing improved communication with Pilot Station in Narooma.

1938-39

Transceiver radio telephone outfits installed at Montague Island Lighthouse. 21

Circa

1930s-1940s

The island used as a defence facility by the Royal Australian Navy.

1952

Cyclones leave lightkeepers marooned without supplies on Montague Island.22

RAAF parachutes food on island for keepers.19

1953

Montague Island named a wildlife sanctuary under the control of the National Trust of Australia (NSW)

21 Oct 1980

Montague Island Lighthosue included on the Register of the National Estate

11 Mar 1983

Public meeting held to discuss the government’s proposal to automate the Montague Island Lighthouse.23

14 Sept 1986

First order lens turned off and removed to mainland. Lighthouse officially de-manned.

1987-89

Management of the island transferred to NPWS.

The Department of Transport retained the lighthouse tower and continued its operation as an AtoN.24

16 Dec 1989

The first day tours to the island permitted.

17 Jan 1990

Montague Island named a nature reserve.

1993

NPWS begins $180,000 project to conserve the Montague Island Lighthouse precinct.25

1999

Montague Island Lightstation listed on the NSW Heritage Register.

22 June 2004

Montague Island Lighthouse included on the Commonwealth Heritage List

\n```","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"3.8","sectionType":"division","heading":"Changes and conservation over time","content":"### 3.8 Changes and conservation over time\n\nThe Montague Island Lighthouse has undergone minimal changes since its construction in 1901. Changes that have been made were largely in relation to the light source and electrical systems. The following sections detail the changes made to the lightstation.","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"The Brewis Report (1913)","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"The Brewis Report (1913)","content":"#### The Brewis Report (1913)\n\nIn 1911, Commander CRW Brewis, retired naval surveyor, was commissioned by the Commonwealth Government to report on the condition of existing lights and to recommend any additional ones.\n\n \nBrewis visited every lighthouse in Australia between June and December 1912 and produced a series of reports published in their final form in March 1913. These reports were the basis for future decisions.\n\nBrewis’ recommendations for Montague Island included changing the character of the light, inserting a new clockwork mechanism and pedestal and installing new wireless telegraph equipment.","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"Alterations to the Light","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Alterations to the Light","content":"#### Alterations to the Light\n\n![](image.025.png)Due to developments in technology, the Montague Island Lighthouse was modified multiple times to improve its use as an AtoN.\n\n```html\n

Date

1910

Alteration

55 mm Schmidt-Ford vaporised kerosene powered mantle installed. Intensity: 250,000 candlepower (cp)

13 April 1923

New mantle installed.

Intensity: 357,000 cp

19 July 1926

Roller pedestal removed. Mercury

bath pedestal installed.

Four of the original eight panels screened off – light now only produces a flashing light.

20 June 1969

Conversion to diesel electric operation – 1000 W Tungsten- halogen lamp installed.

Four optic panels (ex-Green Cape

lighthouse) installed.

Intensity: 1,000,000 cp

14 Sept 1986

First order lens turned off and

removed to the mainland.

28 Nov 1986

Solar-powered PRP-24 beacon

installed. Lighthouse fully-automated.

6 April 2006

Solar-powered Vega VRB-25 beacon installed. Intensity: 132,736 cp

\n```\n\n![](image.035.png) \n\nFigure 20. Evolution of Montague Island Lighthouse lens/\n\nlanterns (Searle, 2013, pg. 209)","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"Conservation Works","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Conservation Works","content":"#### Conservation Works\n\nThe table below details the major rectification works carried out on the Montague Island Lighthouse.These works have been undertaken as proactive measures to preserve the tower’s fabric and materials.\n\n| Date | Works Completed |\n| ----------- | ------------------------------------------- |\n| Circa 1980s | Lantern room refurbished |\n| Sept 1986 | Original lantern and lens removedfrom tower |","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"3.9","sectionType":"division","heading":"Summary of current and former uses","content":"### 3.9 Summary of current and former uses\n\nFrom its construction in 1881, the Montague Island Lightouse has been used as a marine AtoN. Its AtoN capabilities remain its primary use.\n\nThe Montague Island Lighthouse as a key tourism site developed over recent decades following\n\nthe transferral of the Island to the NPWS, and the keepers’ cottages are now used for tourist accomodation.\n\nThe Montague Island Lightstation precint is now used:\n\n • to house NPWS staff stationed on the island, as well as accomodating researchers and tour guides\n • a key tourism site, with facilities.","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"3.10","sectionType":"division","heading":"Summary of past and present community associations","content":"### 3.10 Summary of past and present community associations","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"Aboriginal associations","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Aboriginal associations","content":"#### Aboriginal associations\n\nThe Wagonga Local Aboriginal Land Council shared with AMSA the following:\n\n“The language spoken is Dhurga. Both Walbunja Yuin and Djirridjan Yuin claim connection to Barranguba. Please note that all Yuin people have a connection to Barranguba, Nadjanuka and Gulaga as they forever protect their people.\n\nToday our people are restricted from accessing our special places which is due to white man’s laws and regulations.”\n\nAMSA is currently working to erect a symbol on the island to acknowledge the Yuin people’s Elders, past, present and future generation.","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"Local, National, and International assoc","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Local, National, and International associations","content":"#### Local, National, and International associations\n\nMontague Island maintains firm state and national associations owing to its standing as a nature reserve under the NPWS. Montague Island Nature Reserve hosts one of the longest running seabird research programs in the world. This, combined with the unique species present, the accessibility of the island and its geographical location and significant size highlights the importance of Montague Island ecologically and scientifically.\n\nThe nature reserve offers a protective sanctuary to\n\nspecies of local and national concern.\n\nThe lighthouse itself maintains strong associations with past lighthouse keeping families owing to\n\nthe significant period of time the lightstation was\n\nmanned.","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"3.11","sectionType":"division","heading":"Unresolved questions or historical","content":"### 3.11 Unresolved questions or historical\n\nconflicts\n\nA number of dates are disputed amongst past research.\n\nThe year the lighthouse was de-manned is disputed. Some sources credit 1985, others credit 1986. There is also uncertainty over which year the island was handed over to the NPWS with sources citing 1987-89.\n\nDespite much of its history being recorded, information on the lighthouse keepers of Montague Island is relatively limited. The list of names and years of service is incomplete and very little is known about the majority of those that occupied the site for more than 80 years.","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"3.12","sectionType":"division","heading":"Recommendations for further research","content":"### 3.12 Recommendations for further research\n\nArchaeological investigation of the site may reveal further information on prehistoric and historic uses of Montague Island to broaden understandings of the site’s intrinsic value.","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"4. Fabric","sectionType":"part","heading":"4. Fabric","content":"# 4. Fabric","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"4.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Fabric register","content":"### 4.1 Fabric register\n\nThe cultural significance of the Montague Island Lighthouse resides in its fabric, and also in its intangible aspects, such as the meanings people ascribe to it, and its connections to other places and things. The survival of its cultural value depends on a well-informed understanding of what is significant, and on clear thinking about the consequences of change. The Burra Charter sets out good practice for conserving cultural significance. Criterion under ‘Heritage Significance’ refer to the criterion satisfied within the specific Commonwealth heritage listing (see section 5.1)\n\n![](image.036.png)","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"Description and condition","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Description and condition","content":"#### Description and condition\n\n1880 Chance Bros part-spherical dome of copper\n\nsheets lapped and screwed to ribs.\n\n • Ribs – Chance Bros cast iron radial ribs\n • Inner skin – none (removed)\n • Ventilator – ball type with wind vane attached\n • Lightning conductor – vertical pole mounted on dome, with four spikes at top, and two braces to roof sheets, eight vertical spikes attached near the gutter\n • Gutter – circular ring of cast iron pieces bolted together. Drawings indicate the lantern roof may have been overhauled around 1981.\n • Ladder rail – attached to underside of gutter\n • Drip tray – copper dish suspended under ventilator, with central hole for heat tube\n ![](image.037.jpeg)• Heat tube support – framework with four radial members of rolled ferrous T-section, attached to gutter and to central ring","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"Heritage significance: High","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Heritage significance: High","content":"#### Heritage significance: High\n\nThe lantern roof is both an original and essential part of the lighthouse, exhibiting one style of late- 19th century lighthouses (criterion a, criterion d).\n\n![](image.038.jpeg) \n![](image.039.jpeg)","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"Description and Condition","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Description and Condition","content":"#### ![](image.047.jpeg)Description and Condition\n\nOriginal catwalk decking removed and replaced with a new floor supported on the original openwork cast iron brackets bolted to the upper section of the lantern base.\n\n ![](image.048.jpeg)• floor – sheet flooring in segments, supported on pre-fabricated aluminium radial beams and cross beams, supported on the original iron brackets on the outside, and on a fabricated steel column in the middle\n • ladder – fixed aluminium ladder\n\n| Finish | painted |\n| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Integrity | medium |\n| Significance | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service, prepare andrepaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectificationworks | none |","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"Heritage significance: Low","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Heritage significance: Low","content":"#### ![](image.066.jpeg)Heritage significance: Low\n\n![](image.067.jpeg) \n![](image.068.jpeg)","sortOrder":57},{"sectionNumber":"4.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Related object or associated AMSA artefact","content":"### 4.2 Related object or associated AMSA artefact\n\nThere are no AMSA registered artefacts.","sortOrder":79},{"sectionNumber":"4.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Comparative analysis","content":"### 4.3 Comparative analysis\n\nThe South Solitary Island Lighthouse, first lit in 1880, bears the closest resemblance to the\n\nMontague Island Lighthouse in design and style.\n\nDesigned by James Barnet, South Solitary Island Lighthouse stands as a mass concrete structure. Similar to Montague Island, South Solitary’s cylindrical tower was originally constructed to be slightly tapered in design with an outwardly sloping gunmetal balcony railing fitted around a Chance Bros. lantern room. The two lighthouses also share similar fittings such as the geometric cast iron stairs located within the tower. The lighthouses were both originally fitted with 1st Order Chance Bros. optical assemblies.\n\nUnlike Montague Island, South Solitary’s tower was painted white and the base of the tower was enclosed by a small annex which contained the oil store.\n\nThe close stylistic resemblances of Montague Island and South Solitary Island, built one year apart, are indicative of James Barnet’s vision for NSW’s ‘highway of lights’. Despite some variation between the designs, both of the isolated island towers represent late-19th century craftsmanship and technical achievement.","sortOrder":80},{"sectionNumber":"5. Heritage Significance","sectionType":"part","heading":"5. Heritage Significance","content":"# 5. Heritage Significance","sortOrder":81},{"sectionNumber":"5.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Commonwealth heritage list — Montague Island Lighthouse","content":"### 5.1 Commonwealth heritage list – Montague Island Lighthouse","sortOrder":82},{"sectionNumber":"Statement of Commonwealth heritage","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Statement of Commonwealth heritage","content":"#### Statement of Commonwealth heritage\n\nsignificance\n\nThe following statement of significance is taken from the Montague Island Lighthouse listing on the Australian Heritage Database (Place ID: 105601)c\n\nThe Montague Island Lighthouse tower, opened in 1881, is significant for its long association with the development and provision of maritime aids along the New South Wales coast, and for its part in\n\nthe history of Australian shipping over a considerable period (criterion a). (Themes:\n\n3.8.1 Shipping to and from Australian ports,\n\n3.16.1 Dealing with hazards and disasters)\n\nThe granite tower, with tapering walls, outward curving platform and curved balustrade, is a well-proportioned structure displaying very fine elements of design and craftsmanship.\n\nThe tower is also a good example of a late- 19th century light tower on the NSW coast (criterion f, criterion d).\n\nThe Montague tower is one of the only two offshore island lighthouses along the NSW coast (criterion b).\n\nAdditionally significant is the fact that the tower was designed by NSW Colonial Architect James Barnet. Barnet played a seminal role into the development of the colony’s architecture over 25 years (criterion h).\n\nThe island and the lightstation are socially significant on account of the large numbers of visitors to Montague, the tower’s high visibility from the coast and the incorporation of the tower into local tourism (criterion g).\n\nThe tower’s fine design and granite stonework, its landmark status along this part of the coast, the lack of modern visual intrusions, and the tower’s contrast with the island’s rounded granite slabs and treeless topography are all responsible for the tower having considerable aesthetic qualities (criterion e).","sortOrder":83},{"sectionNumber":"Commonwealth heritage values — criteria","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Commonwealth heritage values — criteria","content":"#### Commonwealth heritage values – criteria\n\nThere are nine criteria for inclusion in the Commonwealth Heritage List and meeting any one of these is sufficient for listing a place. These criteria are similar to those used in other commonwealth, state and local heritage legislation, although thresholds differ. In the following sections, the Montague Island Lighthouse is discussed in relation to each of the criteria as based on the current Commonwealth Heritage Listing Place ID 105601.","sortOrder":84},{"sectionNumber":"5.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"NSW State heritage register — Montague Island Lighthouse","content":"### 5.2 NSW State heritage register – Montague Island Lighthouse\n\nThe statement of heritage significance and the information from the table below was taken from the Montague Island Lightstation listing on the New South Wales State Heritage Register (SHR). Listing ID: 01000.d","sortOrder":85},{"sectionNumber":"NSW State heritage register — statement ","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"NSW State heritage register — statement of","content":"#### \nNSW State heritage register – statement of\n\nheritage significance\n\nMontague Island Lightstation and its setting\n\nare highly significant as one of a collection of lighthouses which combine the natural values of a rugged coastal island with the cultural values of a prominent landmark and isolated outpost associated with the development of coastal shipping in the late 19th century.","sortOrder":86},{"sectionNumber":"NSW State heritage values — criterion","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"NSW State heritage values — criterion","content":"#### ![](image.119.png)NSW State heritage values – criterion\n\n```html\n

SHR Criterion

SHR Criterion A – Historical

significance

An item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history.

Evidence/Explanation

Montague is a fine and intact example of a lightstation constructed in NSW during the late 19th century and part of the most productive phase of lighthouse construction during the 1880s.

The light is an important part of the NSW network and the so-called ‘highway lights’ and offered protection to the intrastate traffic to Narooma, Tathra and Eden. It is one of only two major lighthouses in NSW located on off-shore islands.

SHR Criterion B – Associative

significance

An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history.

No attributes identified

SHR Criterion C – Aesthetic

significance

An item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW.

The Montague lighthouse, constructed of granite quarried on the island, with its tapering walls and outward curving upper platform and curved balustrade, is a well-proportioned structure displaying very fine elements of design and craftsmanship.

The tower provides a strong visual contrast to the rounded granite slabs and sparse vegetation topography of the Island.

The white painted buildings with their collection of chimneys, pitched roofs, verandahs and enclosed courtyards clustered on the highest point of the Island present a visual unity and harmony in form, style and materials. The residences are a strong reminder of the era of manned lightstations on the coast of Australia.

\n```","sortOrder":87},{"sectionNumber":"5.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Condition and integrity of the commonwealth heritage values","content":"### 5.3 Condition and integrity of the commonwealth heritage values\n\n![](image.120.png)A heritage monitoring program was implemented in 2016. Each site is visited and reviewed every two years where the heritage fabric and values of the site are evaluated. Assessment of the condition and integrity of lighthouse’s values are derived from the\n\n \nlatest available Heritage Asset Condition Report\n\nproduced by AMSA’s maintenance contractor.\n\nAs a whole, the Montague Island Lighthouse demonstrates good condition. The lighthouse also demonstrates medium-high integrity. Some changes to the lighthouse, such as the removal of the original Chance Bros. lens and lantern and original internal catwalk, have had a slight impact on integrity.","sortOrder":88},{"sectionNumber":"5.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Gain/loss of heritage values","content":"### 5.4 Gain/loss of heritage values\n\n \n\nEvidence for the potential gain or loss of heritage values will be documented within this section of future versions of this heritage management plan.","sortOrder":89},{"sectionNumber":"6. Opportunities and Constraints","sectionType":"part","heading":"6. Opportunities and Constraints","content":"# 6. Opportunities and Constraints","sortOrder":90},{"sectionNumber":"6.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Implications arising from","content":"### 6.1 Implications arising from\n\nsignificance\n\nThe Commonwealth statement of significance (see Section 5.1) demonstrates the Montague Island Lighthouse is a place of considerable heritage value due to its contribution to the establishment of New South Wales ‘highway of lights’, and its assistance to the east coast shipping at the turn of the twentieth century.\n\nThe implication arising from this assessment is that key aspects of the place should be conserved to retain this significance. The key features requiring conservation include:\n\n • the continued use of the lighthouse as an AtoN\n • the architectural quality of the building\n • The interior spaces and features, which are notable for their design, details, and/or their original lighthouse function. These include:\n – intermediate floors\n – ground floor\n – spiral staircase and weight tube\n – lantern room\n – entrance vestibule\n • The external spaces and features, which are notable for their design, details, and/or their original lighthouse function. These include:\n – lantern roof and glazing\n – external catwalk and balcony, including fixtures\n – lighthouse tower walls\n – windows and doors\n – walkway/walkway stairs","sortOrder":91},{"sectionNumber":"Referral and approvals of action","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Referral and approvals of action","content":"#### Referral and approvals of action\n\nThe EPBC Act (1999) requires approval from the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities for all actions likely to have a significant impact on matters of National Environmental Significance (NES).\n\n \n\nThe Act provides that actions:\n\n • taken on Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment will require the approval of the Minister\n • taken outside Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment on Commonwealth land, will require the approval by the Minister\n • taken by the Australian Government or its agencies which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere will require approval by the Minister.\n\nThe definition of ‘environment’ in the EPBC Act (1999) includes the cultural heritage values of places.","sortOrder":92},{"sectionNumber":"Heritage Strategy","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Heritage Strategy","content":"#### Heritage Strategy\n\nIf an Australian Government agency owns or controls one or more places with Commonwealth heritage values, it must prepare a heritage strategy within two years from the first time they own or control a heritage place (section 341ZA).\n\nA heritage strategy is a written document that integrates heritage conservation and\n\nmanagement within an agency’s overall property planning and management framework. Its purpose is to help an agency manage and report on the steps taken to protect and conserve the Commonwealth heritage values of the properties under its ownership or control.\n\nThe heritage strategye for AMSA’s AtoN assets was completed and approved by the Minister in 2018.","sortOrder":93},{"sectionNumber":"6.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Framework: sensitivity to change","content":"### 6.2 Framework: sensitivity to change\n\nA heritage asset condition report is a written document that details the heritage fabric of a site with an in-depth description of each architectural and structural element. The document includes: a brief history of the site, the Commonwealth Heritage statement of significance and value criteria, a heritage significance rating for each individual element, and a catalogue of artefacts on-site.\n\nThe document is also accompanied by up-to-date photos of each structural element.\n\nThis document operates as a tool for heritage\n\nmonitoring, and is reviewed and updated biennially.\n\nDue to the site’s desired intactness and aesthetic qualities, the Montague Island Lighthouse is of high significance. Therefore, work actioned by AMSA\n\non the lighthouse’s fabric harnesses the potential to reduce or eradicate the significance of the site’s heritage values.\n\nConservation works, including restoration and reconstruction, or adaption works of the absolute minimum so as to continue the lighthouse’s usefulness as an AtoN are the only works that should be actioned by AMSA on Montague Island Lighthouse. Some exceptions are made for health and safety requirements, however any and all work carried out must be conducted in line with heritage considerations and requirements of the EPBC Act.\n\nThe table below demonstrates the level of sensitivity attributed to the various elements of the fabric register in the face of change. These are measured on a high-moderate-low spectrum depending on the action’s possible threat to the site’s heritage values (definitions listed below).","sortOrder":94},{"sectionNumber":"High sensitivity","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"High sensitivity","content":"#### High sensitivity\n\nHigh sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a major threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or the lightstation as a whole. A major threat is one that would lead to substantial or total loss of the heritage value.","sortOrder":95},{"sectionNumber":"Moderate sensitivity","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Moderate sensitivity","content":"#### \nModerate sensitivity\n\nModerate sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a moderate threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or would pose a threat to the heritage significance of a specific fabric in another part of the building. A moderate threat is one that would diminish the heritage value, or diminish the ability of an observer to appreciate the value.","sortOrder":96},{"sectionNumber":"Low sensitivity","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Low sensitivity","content":"#### Low sensitivity\n\nLow sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose little to no threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, and would pose little to no threat to heritage significance in another part of the building.","sortOrder":97},{"sectionNumber":"6.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Statutory and legislative requirements","content":"### 6.3 Statutory and legislative requirements\n\n![](image.121.png)Below are listed the various Acts and Code that influence the management of the Montague Island Lighthouse in terms of heritage, navigation, and work health and safety.\n\n```html\n

Act or Code

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

Description

The Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act) requires agencies to prepare management plans that satisfy the obligations included in Schedule 7A and 7B of the EPBC Regulations 2000.

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000

Schedule 7B

The Commonwealth Department of the Environment and Energy has determined

these principles as essential for guidance in managing heritage properties.

• The objective in managing Commonwealth heritage places is to identify, protect, conserve, present and transmit, to all generations, their Commonwealth Heritage values.

• The management of Commonwealth heritage places should use the best available knowledge, skills and standards for those places, and include ongoing technical and community input to decisions and actions that may have a significant impact on their Commonwealth Heritage values.

• The management of Commonwealth heritage places should respect all heritage values of the place and seek to integrate, where appropriate, any Commonwealth, State, Territory and local government responsibilities for those places.

• The management of Commonwealth heritage places should ensure that their use and presentation is consistent with the conservation of their Commonwealth Heritage values.

• The management of Commonwealth heritage places should make timely and

appropriate provision for community involvement, especially by people who:

(a) have a particular interest in, or associations with, the place; and

(b) may be affected by the management of the place;

• Indigenous people are the primary source of information on the value of their heritage and that the active participation of indigenous people in identification, assessment and management is integral to the effective protection of indigenous heritage values.

• The management of Commonwealth heritage places should provide for regular monitoring, review and reporting on the conservation of Commonwealth heritage values.

AMSA Heritage Strategy 2018

As the custodian of many iconic sites, AMSA has long recognised the importance

of preserving their cultural heritage.

This Heritage Strategy is in response to section 341ZA of the EPBC Regulations which obliges AMSA to prepare and maintain a heritage strategy, along with obliging AMSA to:

• assist in identification, assessment and monitoring of places of heritage

value in its care;

• prepare and maintain a register of its places of heritage value;

• protect the heritage value of places when they are sold or leased;

• provide this heritage strategy, and any subsequent major updates, to the

relevant minister.

The strategy derives from the AMSA Corporate Plan and achievements are reported through the AMSA Annual Report. The 2018-19 AMSA Annual report can be found online.f

\n```","sortOrder":98},{"sectionNumber":"6.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Operational requirements / occupier needs","content":"### 6.4 Operational requirements / occupier needs\n\nAs a working AtoN, the operational needs of the Montague Island Lighthouse are primarily concerned with navigational requirements.","sortOrder":99},{"sectionNumber":"Operational details and requirements","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Operational details and requirements","content":"#### \nOperational details and requirements\n\nBelow are the operational details and navigational requirements of the Montague Island light as outlined by AMSA.","sortOrder":100},{"sectionNumber":"Navigational requirement for AMSA AtoN s","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Navigational requirement for AMSA AtoN site","content":"#### Navigational requirement for AMSA AtoN site\n\n| 1 | Objective/rationale | An AtoN is required on Montague Island, 30 miles south of Batemans Bay, to warn of the island itself and that it lies 3.8 miles off of the coast.This AtoN also warns of the unmarked Aughinish Rock which lies one mile to thesouth.This AtoN is required as a navigation mark for vessels transiting north–south along the eastern Australian coast.Ocean Data Acquisition System (ODAS) at depths of 15 metres are shown 3.1miles north and 4.2 miles north east of the island. |\n| --- | ------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 2 | Required type(s) of AtoN | A fixed structure is required to act as a day mark.A distinctive light is required for use at night. |\n| 3 | Priority/significance | An AtoN at this site is important for the navigation of commercial ships. |\n| 4 | Required measure ofperformance | IALA Availability Target Category 2 (99 per cent). |\n| 5 | Primary and secondary means (if any) of identification | The day mark must be conspicuous. The existing 21 m high grey granite tower at an elevation of 80 m meets this requirement.The light must comply with the requirements of rhythmic characters of light as per the IALA Navguide. The light must have distinct characteristics that are easy to recognise and identify. The present flashing white light every 15 seconds meets this requirement. |\n| 6 | Visual range | During daytime, the AtoN structure should be visible from at least 5 nauticalmiles.At night, the white light must have a nominal range of at least 20 nautical miles. |\n| 7 | Radar conspicuousness | As the island itself will provide a good radar echo, no additional radarenhancement is required for this site. |","sortOrder":101},{"sectionNumber":"AMSA’s goals","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"AMSA’s goals","content":"#### AMSA’s goals\n\nUnder the Navigation Act 2012, AMSA is responsible for maintaining a network of marine AtoN around Australia’s coastline assisting mariners to make safe and efficient passages. AMSA’s present network of 500 marine aids to navigation include traditional lighthouses (like the Montague Island Lighthouse), beacons, buoys, racons,\n\nand automatic identification system stations,\n\nbroadcasting tide gauges and a current meter.\n\nTechnological developments in the area of vessel traffic management have also contributed to increase the safety of navigation and helped promote marine environment protection. AMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability\n\nof lighthouses set by the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA).\n\nAt the time of preparing this management plan, the major goal for the Montague Island Lighthouse primarily encompassed continuing its utilisation\n\nas an AtoN, while up-keeping the appropriate maintenance to conserve and preserve the heritage values of the lightstation.","sortOrder":102},{"sectionNumber":"Lighthouse performance standards","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lighthouse performance standards","content":"#### Lighthouse performance standards\n\nAMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability of lighthouses set by IALA. The Montague Island light is designated as an IALA Availability Category 2 aid to navigation (within a scale of Category 1 to Category 3, Category 1 aids are most critical). Category 2 aids have an availability target of 99.0 per cent.","sortOrder":103},{"sectionNumber":"Access to the Lighthouse","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Access to the Lighthouse","content":"#### Access to the Lighthouse\n\nOne practical effect of this performance standard is that the operational equipment and structure of the light need to be kept in good repair by regular preventative maintenance and equipment that fails is repaired quickly. Routine maintenance and emergency repairs are carried out by AMSA’s maintenance contractor. The contractor needs reliable access to the site for this work, and AMSA\n\nofficers also need access for occasional inspections\n\n \n\nof the site including for auditing of the contractor’s performance.","sortOrder":104},{"sectionNumber":"6.5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Proposals for change","content":"### 6.5 Proposals for change\n\nPreventative maintenance works are carried out on the lightstation to maintain its status as a working marine AtoN and to assist in the site’s conservation.\n\n![](image.122.png)A list of scheduled preventative maintenance work is identified within the 12/03/2020 AMSG maintenance inspection report. The information provided below was taken from this report:\n\n```html\n

Maintenance Description

Montague Island lantern room – paint

Expected Maintenance Date

2022

Montague Island structure – paint

2023

Montague Island – reseal glazing

2023

Montague Island – lantern change

2024

\n```","sortOrder":105},{"sectionNumber":"6.6","sectionType":"division","heading":"Potential pressures","content":"### 6.6 Potential pressures\n\nA significant pressure that harnesses the potential to effect the Commonwealth heritage values of the place would be the obligation to remove or replace original fabric materials from the lightstation owing to unavoidable and irreversible deterioration.\n\nIncreasing tourism on Montague Island has potential to cause additional wear and tear to the precinct.","sortOrder":106},{"sectionNumber":"6.7","sectionType":"division","heading":"Process for decision-making","content":"### 6.7 Process for decision-making\n\n \nProcesses for decision-making are required in the event of incidents that impact the heritage values of the site. The following incidents are included due to their likelihood of occurrence at the Montague Island Lighthouse.","sortOrder":107},{"sectionNumber":"7. Conservation management policies","sectionType":"part","heading":"7. Conservation management policies","content":"# 7. Conservation management policies","sortOrder":108},{"sectionNumber":"Policies","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policies","content":"#### Policies\n\nNote: The management of sensitive information is not relevant to AMSA’s heritage strategy and therefore bears no relevance in this management plan.","sortOrder":109},{"sectionNumber":"Fabric and setting","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Fabric and setting","content":"#### Fabric and setting\n\nPolicy 1 – Protect and conserve the significant external and internal fabric of the lightstation, including existing buildings, layout and setting.\n\nAMSA’s main purpose is to facilitate ongoing operation of the site as a marine AtoN while preserving the site’s heritage values. As part of a heritage monitoring program, Heritage Asset Condition Reports are produced for each site every two years which evaluates the condition of the heritage fabric and values. Routine servicing is also carried out by maintenance contractors.\n\nRegular written reports from these visits will be sent to AMSA for review and any work requirements identified will be scheduled accordingly. Should\n\nfor some unforeseen reason the site no longer be viable as a marine AtoN, ownership will be passed to an appropriate state of federal authority to ensure preservation of the heritage assets.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Continue scheduled periodic maintenance of the lighthouse and marine aid to navigation to ensure its condition is monitored for early warning of deterioration.\n • Continue the scheduled heritage monitoring visits to Montague Island and review Heritage Asset Condition Reports.\n • Arrange for maintenance to be carried out on the lighthouse as required while continuing to operate as an AMSA marine aid to navigation.\n • Continue replacement and upgrading of marine aid to navigation equipment in the lighthouse as required to meet AMSA’s service commitment, in a manner that preserves the original fabric of the lighthouse.\n\n \n\n • Maintain information on the heritage fabric of the lighthouse including any and all actions, treatments and inspection outcomes within the heritage fabric register. See section 4.1 for fabric register.\n • Conserve all the fabric elements identified as significant in the heritage fabric register.","sortOrder":110},{"sectionNumber":"Uses","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Uses","content":"#### Uses\n\nPolicy 2 – Install and operate equipment in the lighthouse, so that it continues to function as an effective marine aid to navigation, in such a way as to impose the least possible harm to the significant fabric.\n\nMontague Island Lighthouse’s use as a working marine AtoN is a high priority. The carrying out of maintenance, including upgrades to navigational equipment, is necessary to its function and to the continuation of marine safety along the New South Wales coast. In the event of the installation and/or upgrade to AtoN equipment, proper precaution will be taken to ensure the least possible harm is done to significant fabric.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Monitor Montague Island’s AtoN equipment and propose maintenance in the instance of necessary installation or removal.\n • Outline all possible risks to significant fabric, external and internal, associated with the installation, removal and operation of navigational equipment.\n • Ensure works carried out are those that ensure\n\nthe least possible harm to significant fabric.\n\n • When necessary, seek expert heritage conservation advice on best practice management of the site during installation, removal and operation of navigational equipment.","sortOrder":111},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 3 — Monitor possible impacts to t","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 3 — Monitor possible impacts to the site resulting from tourism, and control appropriate access to the lighthouse for contractors and visitors.","content":"#### Policy 3 – Monitor possible impacts to the site resulting from tourism, and control appropriate access to the lighthouse for contractors and visitors.\n\nThe Montague Island Lighthouse attracts hundreds of visitors each year. Although access inside the lighthouse is restricted to authorised personnel only such as contractors and AMSA employees, official tour groups also oversee the admittance of tourists from sunrise to sunset. AMSA personnel and contractors require easy access inside the lighthouse precinct and tower for periodical\n\nsite visits to carry out inspections and routine maintenance.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Ensure control on access to all buildings within the precinct is maintained by periodically inspecting restricted access areas on the precinct and enforcing security checks.\n\n • Inspect lighthouse for signs of wear and tear attributed to visitor intake.\n\n • The maintenance of the light holds priority over official tours inside the lighthouse and some delays in the tour guide service may be required during inspections and routine maintenance.\n\n • Ensure access to the lightstation complies with workplace health and safety measures.\n\n • Ensure general public access admittance inside the lighthouse is monitored and supervised by NPWS.\n\n • Ensure access to lighthouse site is available for Indigenous people to maintain cultural traditions.","sortOrder":112},{"sectionNumber":"Interpretation","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Interpretation","content":"#### \nInterpretation\n\nPolicy 4 – Accurate and relevant interpretation of the history and significance of the place should be made available to site users/visitors and for offsite external research.\n\nAMSA will continue to have this information available through the maintenance of onsite interpretive signage and its website.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • All relevant information concerning the history and significance of the place will be checked for accuracy and updated appropriately.\n • Information will be presented in the form of\n\non-site interpretive signage and online resource files, accessible to both relevant personnel and the general public.\n\n • This information will be maintained and updated in accordance with changes to the history and significance of the place.","sortOrder":113},{"sectionNumber":"Management","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Management","content":"#### Management\n\nPolicy 5 – AMSA will continue to conserve the lighthouse in accordance with Commonwealth listing requirements.\n\nFor works requiring heritage approval, AMSA will obtain permission from any relevant state or federal authorities. Continuous or as-needed conservation works will be undertaken as required.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Liaise with the relevant federal agencies when proposing work on the site.\n • Approval in writing from the appropriate federal and/or state authorities must be granted for any proposals for development.","sortOrder":114},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 6 — The cultural significance of ","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 6 — The cultural significance of the lightstation will be the basis for deciding how to manage it.","content":"#### Policy 6 – The cultural significance of the lightstation will be the basis for deciding how to manage it.\n\nAMSA’s lease encompasses land within a State Nature Reserve and gazetted Aboriginal Place, and the heritage, natural and cultural significance of the place are to be conserved. This heritage management plan includes relevant background information to support this policy (See Section 3. History).\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Conserve the lightstation to protect its heritage\n\nvalues and cultural and natural significance.\n\n • When possible, strive to maintain the original\n\nfabric of the lightstation.\n\n • Use the Burra Charter as the primary guide for\n\nthe treatment of fabric.\n\n • Engage appropriately qualified heritage consultants when making decisions regarding impact on heritage values.\n • Assess impacts on the heritage values of the place when considering proposed alterations or adaptations.\n • Assess impacts on the cultural and natural values of the Nature Reserve and gazetted Aboriginal Place when considering proposed alterations or adapations.","sortOrder":115},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 7 — Monitor, review and report th","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 7 — Monitor, review and report the Commonwealth heritage values of the lightstation every five years or sooner if major changes to the lightstation occur.","content":"#### Policy 7 – Monitor, review and report the Commonwealth heritage values of the lightstation every five years or sooner if major changes to the lightstation occur.\n\nThe Commonwealth heritage values of the lightstation are to be monitored and reported on a regular basis. This is to ensure a gain and/or loss of heritage value is identified.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Regularly monitor the lightstation for possible impacts on the identified Commonwealth heritage values.\n\n \n\n • Review the current Commonwealth heritage values at least once every five years and assess any gain or loss of values.\n\n • This review must be undertaken in the event of any major alterations to the lightstation.\n\n • Report any changes to the Commonwealth\n\nheritage values of the lightstation.\n\n • Update AMSA’s heritage strategy and this plan to reflect any changes identified.\n\n • Review and update Heritage Asset Condition Report biennially.","sortOrder":116},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 8 — Maintain historical, manageme","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 8 — Maintain historical, management and maintenance records within AMSA and make available these records.","content":"#### Policy 8 – Maintain historical, management and maintenance records within AMSA and make available these records.\n\nAs part of the proper process for managing change in significant places, the Burra Charter points out the importance of making records before any change.\n\nIt advocates placing records in a permanent archive, and making them available where this is appropriate. AMSA’s collection of records, which include documents pertaining to heritage\n\nintervention, management and maintenance, are subject to this process. Heritage asset condition reports are routinely generated for each lighthouse and are stored in AMSA’s recordkeeping system. AMSA will continue to practice such processes via their records management systems (RMS).\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Maintain, review and update records through existing AMSA RMS.\n • Ensure records can be made available to the relevant personnel and parties.","sortOrder":117},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 9 — Provide appropriate training ","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 9 — Provide appropriate training and resources to all relevant AMSA staff, contractors and licencees.","content":"#### Policy 9 – Provide appropriate training and resources to all relevant AMSA staff, contractors and licencees.\n\nThe management of a heritage place is outlined within the statutory requirements of the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations. In order to ensure best practice management of AMSA-operated\n\nlighthouses, all staff, contractors and licencees are required to have access to the appropriate training and resources in order to provide best practice conservation of the site.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Provide staff, contractors and licencees access to up-to-date versions of the AMSA heritage strategy, heritage management plans and fabric registers.\n\n • AMSA representatives will attend Commonwealth-run heritage workshops, programs and conferences for up-to-date information on statutory requirements and best practice management of sites of national and state heritage significance.\n\n • Inductions relating to AMSA’s Commonwealth Heritage obligations and the EPBC Act (1999) will be made available to relevant AMSA staff and contractors engaged with heritage sites.\n\n • All current and incoming tour guides operating within AMSA lighthouses will be required to take the lighthouse tour guide safety induction e-learning module once every two years to stay informed on visitor safety and lighthouse duty- of-care and the site’s heritage values.\n\n • Training will also be achieved through: engagement with AMSA’s Heritage Strategy and Heritage Management Plans, ongoing consultation with heritage professionals and Traditional owners, and access to key best practice guides such as Ask First, the Burra Charter, and the EPBC Act (1999).","sortOrder":118},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 10 — Utilise contractors and serv","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 10 — Utilise contractors and service providers with appropriate experience.","content":"#### \nPolicy 10 – Utilise contractors and service providers with appropriate experience.\n\nAMSA should ensure parties carrying out work have appropriate knowledge and use effective methods to ensure the conservation of the lighthouse.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Engage staff and contractors with the relevant experience and expertise concerning conservation of the lightstation.\n • If and when necessary, provide the appropriate training on heritage conservation matters for AMSA staff and other relevant parties who hold responsibility for heritage management.","sortOrder":119},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 11 — Seek heritage advice and app","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 11 — Seek heritage advice and apply best heritage practice.","content":"#### Policy 11 – Seek heritage advice and apply best heritage practice.\n\nAMSA will continue to use in-house heritage expertise, external consultancy, or a combination of both as required in order to successfully apply best heritage practice. Should in-house heritage\n\nexpertise be limited in responding to a requirement, external heritage expertise will be engaged to address the issue.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Apply in-house heritage expertise when required.\n • Use tools such as the Burra Charter and Working Together: Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places (Commonwealth of Australia, 2019) in measuring the likely impact of proposals.\n • Seek external heritage expertise in the event of limited in-house capability.","sortOrder":120},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 12 — Appropriate protocol in the ","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 12 — Appropriate protocol in the event of unforeseen discoveries or disturbances of heritage within the AMSA site.","content":"#### Policy 12 – Appropriate protocol in the event of unforeseen discoveries or disturbances of heritage within the AMSA site.\n\nAMSA’s scope of work rarely involves excavation. Should extensive work need to be undertaken, AMSA will implement a suitable cultural heritage management plan (CHMP) and seek advice\n\nfrom suitably qualified personnel as required. Assessments will be carried out on any potential impacts to the place’s cultural or natural significance as a nature reserve and gazetted Aboriginal\n\nPlace. In the event of any unforeseen discovery or disturbance of heritage-related items within the AMSA site, notification to the appropriate organisation will occur in accordance with the conditions of the CHMP. This plan will also be updated accordingly.\n\nNote: In most cases generally AMSA’s leases are limited to the immediate vicinity of the lighthouse and therefore this scenario is not anticipated as a likely occurrence.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Carry out assessments on any potential impact to natural or cultural significance prior to any excavations.\n\n • Seek appropriate heritage advice and apply best practice in the event of unforeseen discoveries or disturbances.","sortOrder":121},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 13 — Make this Heritage Managemen","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 13 — Make this Heritage Management Plan available to all persons involved in decision- making on the management of the Lighthouse and its setting.","content":"#### Policy 13 – Make this Heritage Management Plan available to all persons involved in decision- making on the management of the Lighthouse and its setting.\n\nThe plan will be made available to all personnel intrinsic to management of the lighthouse and its setting, for example AMSA maintenance contractors, staff and other relevant parties.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Provide links to this plan via the AMSA publicly accessible website.\n\n \n\n • Provide copies to all relevant personnel and parties.","sortOrder":122},{"sectionNumber":"Future Developments","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Future Developments","content":"#### Future Developments\n\nPolicy 14 – Adaptation of the place using methods or processes that minimize impact on heritage values and significance in accordance with Burra Charter principles.\n\nIt is likely that over time the lighthouse will house new equipment as technology changes and improves. The Burra Charter principles will be used as the basis for decision-making.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Assess the likely impacts of changes on the\n\nheritage values and significance of the place.\n\n • Preserve the original fabric of the place and do only what is necessary for the continued use and care of the place.\n • Engage expert heritage advice and utilise the\n\nBurra Charter in adapting the place.","sortOrder":123},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 15 — When required, engage with a","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 15 — When required, engage with adjacent landowners to maintain an appropriate setting for the lighthouse in its visual and natural context.","content":"#### Policy 15 – When required, engage with adjacent landowners to maintain an appropriate setting for the lighthouse in its visual and natural context.\n\nAs the site is a nature reserve and a gazetted Aboriginal Place, any changes to the surrounding land, or AMSA leased area, requires careful consideration. AMSA will liaise with all adjacent landowners in the event of any proposed changes that may affect the setting and attempt to influence a positive outcome.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Engage with adjacent landowners through consultation when changes are proposed regarding the wider visual and natural context.","sortOrder":124},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 16 — In the event of adaptive re-","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 16 — In the event of adaptive re-use or divestment (an instance(s) which would no longer place the lighthouse under AMSA control), AMSA will strive to ensure the","content":"#### Policy 16 – In the event of adaptive re-use or divestment (an instance(s) which would no longer place the lighthouse under AMSA control), AMSA will strive to ensure the\n\nCommonwealth and NSW State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.\n\nIn the event the Montague Island Lighthouse is\n\nno longer identified as a working AtoN, AMSA will withdraw their standing as lessee and hand over all authority to the lessor as required s 341ZE of the EPBC Act (1999).\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • AMSA will negotiate with lessor to have site lease terminated.\n • All available heritage information within AMSA’s collection, including this plan, will be shared with the relevant parties to ensure the\n\nCommonwealth and NSW State heritage values values of the site are recognised and preserved.","sortOrder":125},{"sectionNumber":"Community Involvement","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Community Involvement","content":"#### Community Involvement\n\nPolicy 17 – Consult with indigenous and community stakeholders in the preparation of the management plan.\n\nAMSA will give community and Indigenous groups, as well as the general public, an opportunity to review and comment on this management plan through a public consultation process.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Undertake community consultation when preparing the heritage management plan in accordance with EPBC Regulations (2000).\n • Seek advice from any relevant Indigenous communities and refer to Engage Early— Guidance for proponents on best practice Indigenous engagement\n \n • for environmental assessments under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).","sortOrder":126},{"sectionNumber":"Review","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Review","content":"#### Review\n\nPolicy 18 – Review this plan within five years of its adoption or sooner if major changes are needed.\n\nThis plan will be reviewed every five years. This\n\nreview should:\n\n • Assess the content of the plan.\n • Determine its effectiveness in protecting the identified heritage values.\n • Provide any necessary recommendations for updating or re-writing of the plan. If major\n\nchanges occur at the site in the interim, this plan will be reviewed and updated earlier than the specified five years.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Review this heritage management plan at least five years after its adoption.\n • Review and update this heritage management plan in the event of a major change to the lightstation.\n • Submit revised plan for approval.","sortOrder":127},{"sectionNumber":"8. Policy implementation schedule","sectionType":"part","heading":"8. Policy implementation schedule","content":"# 8. Policy implementation schedule","sortOrder":128},{"sectionNumber":"8.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Heritage implementation plan","content":"### ![](image.123.png)8.1 Heritage implementation plan\n\n```html\n

Key Issue

Management Action/Task

Policies

Responsibility

Priority

Timeframe

Conservation and

Conserve the

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10,

AMSA

High

Ongoing

preservation

lightstation.

11, 14

Review the

18

AMSA

Medium

Once every five

heritage

management

years (minimum)

plan every five

years.

Make available

8, 13

AMSA

High

Ongoing

this plan to

all relevant

personnel.

Liaison dealings

If applicable, ensure communication is maintained with adjacent landowners.

15

AMSA

Medium

As required

Consult with Indigenous and community stakeholders in preparing the management plan.

17

AMSA

Medium

As required

Heritage values

Consider heritage

5, 6, 7, 14

AMSA

High

Ongoing

values when

proposing new

planning and/or

developments.

Ensure process

16

AMSA

High

As required

of re-use/

divestment of the

site recognises

and preserves

heritage values.

Conduct heritage

1

AMSA and

High

Ongoing

monitoring site

chosen

visit and review Heritage Asset

Condition Report

maintenance contractor

every two years

\n```","sortOrder":129},{"sectionNumber":"8.2","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Monitoring and Reporting","content":"#### 8.2 Monitoring and Reporting\n\nAs stipulated by Schedule 7A of the EPBC Regulations (2000), the outlined implementation plan and associated policies listed above are required to be monitored and updated accordingly. This will be achieved by:\n\n • Ensuring the implementation plan and policies\n\nare readily available for all relevant personnel,\n\n • Delegating AMSA staff to periodically check the implementation plan is up-to-date and being utilised appropriately by the relevant personnel,\n • Ensuring the timeframes outlined within the plan\n\nare followed,\n\n • Delegating AMSA Response staff to review this plan and the associated policies at least every five years and determine whether its contents are relevant and effective in terms of continuing to conserve the place.","sortOrder":130},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix 1. Glossary of heritage conserv","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix 1. Glossary of heritage conservation terms","content":"# Appendix 1. Glossary of heritage conservation terms","sortOrder":131},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix 2. Glossary of Historic Lightho","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix 2. Glossary of Historic Lighthouse Terms relevant to Montague Island Lighthouse","content":"# Appendix 2. Glossary of Historic Lighthouse Terms relevant to Montague Island Lighthouse","sortOrder":132},{"sectionNumber":"Apron paving","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Apron paving","content":"#### Apron paving\n\nThe concrete paving surrounding the base of the lighthouse tower.","sortOrder":133},{"sectionNumber":"Astragal","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Astragal","content":"#### Astragal\n\nThe bars which support the glazing of a lantern. They may also support the roof. Simply a framing member between the glazing bars in the lantern glazing. In its true meaning an astragal is a moulding that has a rounded profile. In lanterns this is almost never the case\n\nB","sortOrder":134},{"sectionNumber":"Balcony","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Balcony","content":"#### Balcony\n\nA walk way around the outside of the lantern, used for maintenance and, when lighthouses were manned, for observing ships. Principal parts are the balcony floor and the balcony balustrade. (Synonym: gallery deck).","sortOrder":135},{"sectionNumber":"Balcony floor","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Balcony floor","content":"#### Balcony floor\n\nFloor of the balcony. Montague Island’s balcony\n\nfloor is 1880 granite slab.","sortOrder":136},{"sectionNumber":"Balcony balustrade","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Balcony balustrade","content":"#### Balcony balustrade\n\nA handrail together with its supports. The supports are called balusters. Simply a railing or wall on the outer perimeter of the balcony, to prevent people from falling off the balcony. Generally made of metal stanchions and rails – Montague Island’s is 1880 gunmetal railing.","sortOrder":137},{"sectionNumber":"Balcony door","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Balcony door","content":"#### Balcony door\n\nDoor in the lantern base to give access to the balcony. In AMSA lanterns two doors are sometimes fitted but only one is operational. (Synonym: parapet hatch, service room door).","sortOrder":138},{"sectionNumber":"Brass","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Brass","content":"#### Brass\n\nAn alloy of copper and zinc, commonly used for corrosion-resistant fixings and plumbing fittings.","sortOrder":139},{"sectionNumber":"Bronze","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Bronze","content":"#### Bronze\n\nAn alloy of copper and tin.\n\n \n\nC","sortOrder":140},{"sectionNumber":"Cast iron","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Cast iron","content":"#### Cast iron\n\nA mixture of iron and carbon with a relatively high carbon content and a low melting point, produced directly from a blast furnace.","sortOrder":141},{"sectionNumber":"Chance Bros","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Chance Bros","content":"#### Chance Bros\n\nEnglish manufacturer of optical apparatus, lanterns, cast iron stairs, cast iron towers, and other lighthouse components. The Chance family established a glass-making business in Smethwick, England in 1824 and is often described as ‘near Birmingham’. The business was absorbed into the Pilkington group of companies in 1951 and now ceases to exist.","sortOrder":142},{"sectionNumber":"Character","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Character","content":"#### Character\n\nPattern of flashes of light emitted by a lighthouse,\n\ndesigned to identify that particular lighthouse.","sortOrder":143},{"sectionNumber":"Copper","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Copper","content":"#### Copper\n\nA red malleable metal of low resistivity.\n\nE","sortOrder":144},{"sectionNumber":"Entrance vestibule","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Entrance vestibule","content":"#### Entrance vestibule\n\nEnclosed passage or room between the outer door and the interior of the building.","sortOrder":145},{"sectionNumber":"External catwalk","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"External catwalk","content":"#### External catwalk\n\nLanding around the external face of the tower complete with hand rail. Montague Island’s is 1880 Chance Bros. cast iron lattice.\n\nG","sortOrder":146},{"sectionNumber":"Glazing","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Glazing","content":"#### Glazing\n\nMiddle section of the lantern, circular or polygonal in plan, between the lantern roof above and the lantern base below, made up of glass panes held in a framework of glazing bars and astragals.\n\nI","sortOrder":147},{"sectionNumber":"Intermediate floors","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Intermediate floors","content":"#### Intermediate floors\n\nLevels found mid-way up a building. Montague\n\nIsland has two intermediate floors of iron plate.","sortOrder":148},{"sectionNumber":"Internal catwalk","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Internal catwalk","content":"#### Internal catwalk\n\nOpen landing inside the tower complete with","sortOrder":149},{"sectionNumber":"Iron","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Iron","content":"#### Iron\n\nThere were two common types of iron used in lighthouse construction: wrought and cast. Older lights will almost certainly contain these iron types. Wrought iron has been worked by hand and is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content in contrast to steel, it also has fibrous inclusions. Cast iron is iron which has been heated until it liquefies, and is then poured into a mould to solidify.\n\nL","sortOrder":150},{"sectionNumber":"Lantern","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lantern","content":"#### Lantern\n\nThe glazed enclosure, usually of cylindrical or polygonal shape, at the top of a lighthouse, which surrounds and protects the optical apparatus. It contains the optical apparatus, made up of the lantern roof, lantern glazing and lantern base sections.","sortOrder":151},{"sectionNumber":"Lantern floor","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lantern floor","content":"#### Lantern floor\n\nThe level in a lighthouse at which the lantern is installed, and by which access may be gained to the optical system and to the inside and outside of the lantern glazing. The lantern floor is generally at or near the same level as the catwalk and can be made from steel, concrete, or timber.","sortOrder":152},{"sectionNumber":"Lantern glazing","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lantern glazing","content":"#### Lantern glazing\n\nThe middle section of the lantern, circular or polygonal in plan, between the lantern roof above and the lantern base below, made up of glass panes held in a framework of glazing bars. On the landward side there may be blank panels in place of glass, or other opaque construction. Types of lantern glazing include: flat and curved trapezoidal panes and curved diamond/triangular panes. Montague Island uses three tiers of flat trapezoidal glass.","sortOrder":153},{"sectionNumber":"Lantern roof","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lantern roof","content":"#### Lantern roof\n\nRoof of the lantern. Usually made of copper sheeting over a framework of rafters. Montague Island houses an 1880 Chance Bros. part spherical dome.","sortOrder":154},{"sectionNumber":"Lens","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lens","content":"#### Lens\n\nAssembly transparent optically refracting element of glass. The surface is usually spherical in form.","sortOrder":155},{"sectionNumber":"Light source","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Light source","content":"#### \nLight source\n\nElectric bulbs and LEDs now illuminate most\n\nlighthouses.","sortOrder":156},{"sectionNumber":"Lighthouse","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lighthouse","content":"#### Lighthouse\n\nThe principal structure of a lightstation, generally made up of a lantern, balcony and tower.","sortOrder":157},{"sectionNumber":"Lightstation","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lightstation","content":"#### Lightstation\n\nA precinct containing a lighthouse structure and other related buildings, for example. Keepers Cottages, store room, signal house\n\nO","sortOrder":158},{"sectionNumber":"Order","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Order","content":"#### Order\n\nShorthand expression of the size of an optical apparatus or lantern. At the time the system of orders was established, when kerosene burners were used, longer range lights needed larger burners, and larger burners needed lens assemblies of longer focal length to ensure a sharply defined beam. In turn the lantern rooms were required to\n\nbe larger to house these lens assemblies. AMSA historic lantern rooms range from 1st to 4th order.\n\nP","sortOrder":159},{"sectionNumber":"Pedestal","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Pedestal","content":"#### Pedestal\n\nPart of the optical apparatus, consisting of a metal column or base standing on the balcony floor inside the lantern and supporting the lens assembly and light source. Some later Chance documentation\n\n,such as their tariffs 1908, also refer to the lantern\n\nbase as a pedestal.\n\nT","sortOrder":160},{"sectionNumber":"Tower","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Tower","content":"#### Tower\n\nStructure to support the lantern at a sufficient height\n\nabove the ground. The most common types are the masonry tower, timber-framed tower, cast iron tower, and lattice tower.","sortOrder":161},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix 3.","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix 3.","content":"# Appendix 3.\n\nCurrent Montague Island light Details\n\nMontague Island Light (AN027)\n\n| IALA AVAILABILITY CATEGORY: | 2 |\n| --------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| CATEGORY TARGET | 99.0 per cent |\n| POSITION: | Latitude: 36° 15.1143’ SLongitude: 150° 13.6035’ E Datum: WGS84 |\n| CHARTS: | Aus 806, 807 |\n| BA LIST OF LIGHTS: | K2576 |\n| DAYMARK: | Grey round granite tower, 21 metres high |\n| COLOUR OF LIGHT: | White |\n| CHARACTER: | Flashing: 14.93 (15s)Flash: 0.16 sEclipse: 14.77 s |\n| LANTERN: | Chance Bros. 12’ 1.5” dia |\n| BEACON: | Vega VRB-25 |\n| LENS SPEED: | 0.67 RPM |\n| LIGHTSOURCE: | Lamp: 12V, 75W, C8 Halogen LP PR30sLampchanger: 6 position |\n| INTENSITY: | 132, 736 cd |\n| POWER SUPPLY: | Solar panels: 14 x 50W(inclined 60° to horizontal)Regulators: 7 x 10ABattery capacity: 1130AhModules: 7 x (24V, 165Ah) |\n| STRUCTURE: | Grey granite tower, 12 metres high to base of lantern. |\n| ELEVATION: | 80 metres |\n| RANGE: | Nominal: 20 nautical milesGeographical: 23 nautical miles |","sortOrder":162},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix 4. Table demonstrating complian","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix 4. Table demonstrating compliance with the EPCB Act (1999) and the EPBC Regulations (2000)","content":"# Appendix 4. Table demonstrating compliance with the EPCB Act (1999) and the EPBC Regulations (2000)","sortOrder":163},{"sectionNumber":"Environment Protection and Biodiversity ","sectionType":"division","heading":"Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 Schedule 7A","content":"### Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 Schedule 7A\n\n![](image.125.png)– Management Plans for Commonwealth Heritage Places\n\n```html\n

Legislation

Satisfied within

A management plan must:

(a) Establish objectives for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission of the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place; and

Section 1 – Introduction

(b) Provide a management framework that includes reference to any statutory requirements and agency mechanisms for the protection of the Commonwealth heritage values of the place; and

Section 1 – Introduction

(c) Provide a comprehensive description of the place, including information about its location, physical features, condition, historical context and current uses; and

Section 2 – Montague Island Lightstation site

Section 3 – History

Section 4 – Fabric

(d) Provide a description of the Commonwealth heritage values and any other heritage values of the place; and

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(e) Describe the condition of the Commonwealth

heritage values of the place; and

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(f) Describe the method used to assess the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place; and

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(g) Describe the current management requirements and goals including proposals for change and any potential pressures on the Commonwealth heritage values of the place; and

Section 6 – Opportunities and constraints

(h) Have policies to manage the Commonwealth heritage values of a place, and include in those policies, guidance in relation to the following:

i. The management and conservation processes to be used;

Section 7 – Conservation management policies (Policy 1, 2, 3, 5, 6,

10, 11, 14)

\n```","sortOrder":164},{"sectionNumber":"Reference List","sectionType":"part","heading":"Reference List","content":"# Reference List\n\nBrewis, C. R. W., Lighting of the East Coast of Australia: Cape Moreton to Gabo Island (including coast of New South Wales) Report with recommendations as to existing lights and additional lights. Department of Trade and Customs, Australia, 1913.\n\nBrooks, G., and Associates PTY LTD, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan: Montague Island Lighthouse Supplementary Information. NSW NPWS, 1999.\n\nEngage Early—Guidance for proponents on best practice Indigenous engagement for environmental assessments under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), Commonwealth of Australia (2016)\n\nHeyligers, P.C., and L.G. Adams, ‘Flora and vegetation of Montague Island – past and present‘, Cunninghamia 8, 2004 pg. 285–305\n\nMarquis-Kyle, P., Heritage Lighthouse Report: Montague Island Lighthouse, AMSG, 2007.\n\nMarquis-Kyle, P., & Walker, M. The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural\n\nSignificance, Australia ICOMOS, 2013.\n\nReid, G., From Dusk till Dawn: A history of Australian lighthouses, Aus: Macmillan Co., 1988.\n\nSearle, G., First Order: Australia’s Highway of Lighthouses, Glenelg, SA: Seaside Lights, 2013.\n\nTomlinson, C., Tomlinson’s Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts, 1854.\n\n“Shipping: Montague Island,” Evening News, Dec 19, 1894 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/108888099?searchTerm=montague%20island%20 lighthouse&searchLimits=exactPhrase|||anyWords|||notWords|||requestHandler|||dateFrom|||dateTo|||sortby\n\n“Island’s future threatened by automation,” The Canberra Times, Jan 7, 1983 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/116441586?searchTerm=montague%20island%20 lighthouse&searchLimits=exactPhrase|||anyWords|||notWords|||requestHandler|||dateFrom|||dateTo|||sortby\n\n“Fatal accident at Montagu Island,” The Daily Telegraph, Dec 10, 1894 https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/236111212?searchTerm=montague%20island%20 lighthouse&searchLimits=exactPhrase|||anyWords|||notWords|||requestHandler|||dateFrom|||dateTo|||sortby","sortOrder":165},{"sectionNumber":"Website URLs","sectionType":"part","heading":"Website URLs","content":"# Website URLs\n\n AMSA Heritage Lighthouses Interactive Map: [https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?\\_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-](http://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-) 1996646104.1535497123\n\n NSW NPWS, Montague Island Lighthouse: Montague Island Nature Reserve [https://www.nationalparks.nsw](http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/things-to-do/historic-buildings-places/montague-island-light-).gov[.au/things-to-do/historic-buildings-places/montague-island-light](http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/things-to-do/historic-buildings-places/montague-island-light-)\\- house/map\n\n Commonwealth Heritage List:\n\nMontague Island Lightstation Place ID 105601\n\n[https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=place\\_](http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail%3Bsearch%3Dplace_) name%3Dmontague%2520island%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_ PH%3Don%3Blatitude\\_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude\\_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude\\_2dir%3DE%3Blati- tude\\_2dir%3DS%3Bin\\_region%3Dpart;place\\_id=105601\n\n NSW State Heritage Register: Montague Island Lightstation List ID: 01000 [https://www.environment.nsw](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5014097).gov[.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5014097](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5014097)\n\n Register of the National Estate: Montague Island Lighthouse List ID: 103602 [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=place\\_](http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail%3Bsearch%3Dplace_) name%3Dmontague%2520island%3Blist\\_code%3DRNE%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_ SS%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3Don%3Blatitude\\_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude\\_1dir%3DE%3Blongi- tude\\_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude\\_2dir%3DS%3Bin\\_region%3Dpart;place\\_id=103602\n\n AMSA Heritage Strategy\n\n[https://www.amsa.gov.au/files/amsa-heritage-strategy-2018pdf](http://www.amsa.gov.au/files/amsa-heritage-strategy-2018pdf)\n\n AMSA Annual Report 2017-18\n\n[https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2017-18?page=1](http://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2017-18?page=1)","sortOrder":166}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The plan implements the obligations in Schedule 7A/7B of the EPBC Regulations and establishes management, monitoring and approval procedures for the lightstation without expanding or narrowing AMSA’s statutory remit. The draft process excluded a concessionaire proposal and the plan records ongoing Indigenous consultation, but this version records no substantive change to scope or new powers; it remains a framework for conserving Commonwealth heritage while maintaining the aid to navigation."},"complexity_factors":["Interaction of multiple legal regimes: EPBC Act/Regulations (Schedules 7A/7B), Navigation Act obligations and State management via NPWS (leases and nature reserve constraints).","Multiple stakeholders with decision roles: AMSA (owner/operator/lessee), maintenance contractor (AMSG), NSW NPWS (land manager), Minister, Australian Heritage Council and Indigenous groups (WLALC).","Technical specificity: detailed fabric register, sensitivity ratings and IALA performance targets (99% availability) link specialist conservation work to operational standards.","Approval and referral triggers: actions likely to have significant impact on Commonwealth heritage values require ministerial approval, adding procedural steps to routine and emergency works.","Operational constraints and access control: limited landing locations, authorised access only, and contractor access needs increase logistics and compliance burden.","Monitoring and reporting cycles: biennial Heritage Asset Condition Reports and five-year plan reviews create recurring administrative and recordkeeping obligations.","Adaptive-use/divestment procedures: provisions for handback, lease termination and transfer of heritage information add transactional complexity if AMSA withdraws.","Indigenous engagement requirements: ongoing consultation and protocols for discoveries (CHMP) impose additional process requirements for works affecting cultural values."],"plain_english_summary":"This is a heritage management plan prepared by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) to govern the conservation, operation and maintenance of the Montague Island Lighthouse under the EPBC Act and Regulations. It sets policies, monitoring requirements, maintenance schedules and approval processes for works on the lightstation. \n\nIt affects AMSA, its maintenance contractor(s), NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, Indigenous stakeholders, approved tour operators and the Minister for approvals. It matters because it ties navigational operation and equipment changes to heritage approvals, assigns who carries and funds maintenance, and restricts actions that could alter significant fabric."},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":477},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The plan remains focused on its original purpose: heritage management of a single lighthouse site. While it addresses multiple stakeholder interests (Indigenous, tourism, operational), these are all within the expected scope of a heritage management plan under the EPBC Act."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping statutory frameworks (EPBC Act 1999, EPBC Regulations 2000, NSW heritage legislation)","Cross-jurisdictional management (Commonwealth agency leasing from State government on Aboriginal land)","18 detailed conservation policies with specific implementation strategies","Technical lighthouse terminology and equipment specifications","Biennial reporting requirements and 5-year review cycles","Fabric register with individual significance ratings for each structural element"],"plain_english_summary":"The plan sets out how the Australian Maritime Safety Authority will conserve Montague Island Lighthouse’s historic fabric while keeping it operational as an aid to navigation. It coordinates heritage protection, visitor management and Indigenous cultural values for the Yuin people alongside practical maintenance and safety. \n\nIt affects AMSA staff and contractors, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, the Wagonga LALC and tour operators, preserving a rare 19th‑century offshore lighthouse for future generations."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/montague-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020","history":"/api/acts/montague-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/history","analysis":"/api/acts/montague-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/montague-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/montague-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/montague-island-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/documents"}}