{"id":"nsw:epi-2008-0403","name":"Liverpool Local Environmental Plan 2008","slug":"liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"nsw","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"403 of 2008","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":181747,"registerId":"nsw-nsw:epi-2008-0403-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 1 Preliminary\n\nPart 1 Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name of Plan","content":"#### 1 Name of Plan\n\n1.1 Name of Plan\n\n> This Plan is [Liverpool Local Environmental Plan 2008](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2008-0403).","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Permitted or prohibited development","content":"# Part 2 Permitted or prohibited development\n\nPart 2 Permitted or prohibited development","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Land use zones","content":"#### 2 Land use zones\n\n2.1 Land use zones\n\n> The land use zones under this Plan are as follows—\n> \n> > Rural Zones\n> \n> > > RU1 Primary Production\n> > \n> > > RU2 Rural Landscape\n> > \n> > > RU4 Primary Production Small Lots\n> \n> > Residential Zones\n> \n> > > R1 General Residential\n> > \n> > > R2 Low Density Residential\n> > \n> > > R3 Medium Density Residential\n> > \n> > > R4 High Density Residential\n> > \n> > > R5 Large Lot Residential\n> \n> > Employment Zones\n> \n> > E1 Local Centre\n> > \n> > E2 Commercial Centre\n> > \n> > E3 Productivity Support\n> > \n> > E4 General Industrial\n> > \n> > E5 Heavy Industrial\n> \n> > Mixed Use Zones\n> \n> > MU1 Mixed Use\n> \n> > Special Purpose Zones\n> \n> > > SP1 Special Activities\n> > \n> > > SP2 Infrastructure\n> \n> > Recreation Zones\n> \n> > > RE1 Public Recreation\n> > \n> > > RE2 Private Recreation\n> \n> > Conservation Zones\n> \n> > > C1 National Parks and Nature Reserves\n> > \n> > > C2 Environmental Conservation\n> > \n> > > C3 Environmental Management\n> \n> > Waterway Zones\n> \n> > > W1 Natural Waterways\n> \n> **cl 2.1:** Am 2022 (831), Sch 1.17\\[1\\].","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"pt","sectionType":"part","heading":"Land Use Table","content":"# pt Land Use Table\n\nLand Use Table\n\nNote—\n\nState environmental planning policies, including the following, may be relevant to development on land to which this Plan applies—\n\n> [State Environmental Planning Policy (Housing) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0714)\n\n> [State Environmental Planning Policy (Transport and Infrastructure) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0732), Chapter 2—relating to infrastructure facilities, including air transport, correction, education, electricity generating works and solar energy systems, health services, ports, railways, roads, waste management and water supply systems\n\n> [State Environmental Planning Policy (Resources and Energy) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0731), Chapter 2\n\n> [State Environmental Planning Policy (Resilience and Hazards) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0730), Chapter 3\n\n> [State Environmental Planning Policy (Industry and Employment) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0723), Chapter 3\n\n> [State Environmental Planning Policy (Primary Production) 2021](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2021-0729), Chapter 2\n\n**Land Use tbl:** Am 2010 (162), Sch 1.4 \\[5\\]; 2010 (176), Sch 1 \\[1\\]; 2010 (668), Sch 1 \\[1\\]–\\[5\\]; 2011 (363), Sch 13 \\[2\\]–\\[28\\]; 2011 (374), cl 4; 2011 No 62, Sch 2.19 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]; 2012 (117), Sch 1 \\[1\\]; 2012 (384), Sch 1 \\[1\\]; 2014 (373), Sch 1 \\[1\\]–\\[4\\]; 2014 (374), cl 4 (1)–(3); 2015 (169), cl 4 (1); 2016 (174), Sch 1 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]; 2017 (493), Sch 1.1 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]; 2019 (137), Sch 6 \\[1\\]; 2019 (621), Sch 3; 2021 (4), cl 4(1)–(4); 2021 (141), Sch 1\\[9\\]–\\[21\\]; 2022 (831), Sch 1.17\\[2\\] (am 2023 (82), Sch 1.5\\[23\\]); 2023 (458), Sch 2.54.\n\nZone RU1 Primary Production\n\nZone RU2 Rural Landscape\n\nZone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots\n\nZone R1 General Residential\n\nZone R2 Low Density Residential\n\nZone R3 Medium Density Residential\n\nZone R4 High Density Residential\n\nZone R5 Large Lot Residential\n\nZone E1 Local Centre\n\nZone E2 Commercial Centre\n\nZone E3 Productivity Support\n\nZone E4 General Industrial\n\nZone E5 Heavy Industrial\n\nZone MU1 Mixed Use\n\nZone SP1 Special Activities\n\nZone SP2 Infrastructure\n\nZone RE1 Public Recreation\n\nZone RE2 Private Recreation\n\nZone C1 National Parks and Nature Reserves\n\nZone C2 Environmental Conservation\n\nZone C3 Environmental Management\n\nZone W1 Natural Waterways","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Permitted with consent","content":"#### 3 Permitted with consent\n\n3 Permitted with consent\n\n> Agriculture; Airstrips; Animal boarding or training establishments; Aquaculture; Bed and breakfast accommodation; Building identification signs; Business identification signs; Cemeteries; Community facilities; Crematoria; Dual occupancies; Dwelling houses; Environmental facilities; Environmental protection works; Extractive industries; Farm buildings; Farm stay accommodation; Flood mitigation works; Forestry; Hazardous storage establishments; Health consulting rooms; Helipads; Heliports; Home businesses; Home industries; Landscaping material supplies; Offensive storage establishments; Open cut mining; Plant nurseries; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (outdoor); Roads; Roadside stalls; Rural industries; Rural supplies; Rural workers’ dwellings; Secondary dwellings; Veterinary hospitals; Water recreation structures","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Prohibited","content":"#### 4 Prohibited\n\n4 Prohibited\n\n> Any development not specified in item 2 or 3","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Exempt and complying development","content":"# Part 3 Exempt and complying development\n\nPart 3 Exempt and complying development","sortOrder":122},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Principal development standards","content":"# Part 4 Principal development standards\n\nPart 4 Principal development standards","sortOrder":126},{"sectionNumber":"Part 5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous provisions","content":"# Part 5 Miscellaneous provisions\n\nPart 5 Miscellaneous provisions","sortOrder":138},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Relevant acquisition authority","content":"#### 5 Relevant acquisition authority\n\n5.1 Relevant acquisition authority\n\n> > (1) The objective of this clause is to identify, for the purposes of section 3.15 of the Act, the authority of the State that will be the relevant authority to acquire land reserved for certain public purposes if the land is required to be acquired under Division 3 of Part 2 of the [Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1991-022) (the owner-initiated acquisition provisions).\n> > \n> > Note.\n> > \n> > If the landholder will suffer hardship if there is any delay in the land being acquired by the relevant authority, section 23 of the [Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1991-022) requires the authority to acquire the land.\n> \n> > (2) The authority of the State that will be the relevant authority to acquire land, if the land is required to be acquired under the owner-initiated acquisition provisions, is the authority of the State specified below in relation to the land shown on the [Land Reservation Acquisition Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008) (or, if an authority of the State is not specified in relation to land required to be so acquired, the authority designated or determined under those provisions).\n> > \n> > | Type of land shown on Map | Authority of the State |\n> > | Zone E1 Local Centre and marked “Community facilities” | Council |\n> > | Zone RE1 Public Recreation and marked “Local open space” | Council |\n> > | Zone RE1 Public Recreation and marked “Regional open space” | The corporation constituted under section 2.5 of the Act |\n> > | Zone SP2 Infrastructure and marked “Classified road” | Transport for NSW |\n> > | Zone SP2 Infrastructure and marked “Educational establishment” | Department of Education and Training |\n> > | Zone SP2 Infrastructure and marked “Local road” | Council |\n> > | Zone SP2 Infrastructure and marked “Drainage” | Council |\n> > | Zone SP2 Infrastructure and marked “Railway” | The corporation constituted under section 8 of the Act |\n> > | Zone C1 National Parks and Nature Reserves and marked “National Park” | Minister administering the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 |\n> > | Zone C2 Environmental Conservation and marked “Local open space” | Council |\n> \n> > (3) Development on land acquired by an authority of the State under the owner-initiated acquisition provisions may, before it is used for the purpose for which it is reserved, be carried out, with development consent, for any purpose.\n> > \n> > Note.\n> > \n> > If land, other than land specified in the Table to subclause (2), is required to be acquired under the owner-initiated acquisition provisions, the Minister for Planning is required to take action to enable the designation of the acquiring authority under this Part. Pending the designation of the acquiring authority for that land, the acquiring authority is to be the authority determined by order of the Minister for Planning (see section 21 of the [Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1991-022)).\n> \n> **cl 5.1:** Am 2010 (668), Sch 1 \\[6\\]; 2012 (384), Sch 1 \\[2\\]; 2022 (831), Sch 1.17\\[11\\] \\[12\\].","sortOrder":139},{"sectionNumber":"Part 6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Urban release areas","content":"# Part 6 Urban release areas\n\nPart 6 Urban release areas","sortOrder":166},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Aims of Part","content":"#### 6 Aims of Part\n\n6.1 Aims of Part\n\n> This Part aims—\n> \n> > (a) to allow for future urban development and the conservation of ecological and riparian corridors and areas of visual significance on land in urban release areas, and\n> \n> > (b) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (c) to ensure that development on such land occurs in a logical and cost-effective manner, in accordance with a staging plan and only after a development control plan including specific controls has been prepared for the land.\n> \n> **cl 6.1:** Am 2023 (554), Sch 2.18\\[2\\].","sortOrder":167},{"sectionNumber":"Part 7","sectionType":"part","heading":"Additional local provisions","content":"# Part 7 Additional local provisions\n\nPart 7 Additional local provisions","sortOrder":175},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Liverpool city centre provisions","content":"## Division 1 Liverpool city centre provisions\n\nDivision 1 Liverpool city centre provisions","sortOrder":176},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Objectives for development in Liverpool city centre","content":"#### 7 Objectives for development in Liverpool city centre\n\n7.1 Objectives for development in Liverpool city centre\n\n> Before granting consent for development on land in the Liverpool city centre, the consent authority must be satisfied that the proposed development is consistent with such of the following objectives for the redevelopment of the city centre as are relevant to that development—\n> \n> > (a) to preserve the existing street layout and reinforce the street character through consistent building alignments,\n> \n> > (b) to allow sunlight to reach buildings and areas of high pedestrian activity,\n> \n> > (c) to reduce the potential for pedestrian and traffic conflicts on the Hume Highway,\n> \n> > (d) to improve the quality of public spaces in the city centre,\n> \n> > (e) to reinforce Liverpool railway station and interchange as a major passenger transport facility, including by the visual enhancement of the surrounding environment and the development of a public plaza at the station entry,\n> \n> > (f) to enhance the natural river foreshore and places of heritage significance,\n> \n> > (g) to provide direct, convenient and safe pedestrian links between the city centre (west of the rail line) and the Georges River foreshore.","sortOrder":177},{"sectionNumber":"Division 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Other provisions","content":"## Division 2 Other provisions\n\nDivision 2 Other provisions\n\n**pt 7, div 2, hdg:** Subst 2013 (153), Sch 1 \\[2\\].","sortOrder":185},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 1","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Additional permitted uses","content":"# Schedule 1 Additional permitted uses\n\nSchedule 1 Additional permitted uses\n\n(Clause 2.5)\n\n**sch 1:** Am 2008 (403), Sch 1; 2010 (176), Sch 1 \\[8\\] \\[9\\]; 2010 (526), Sch 1; 2011 (227), cl 4; 2011 (363), Sch 13 \\[38\\] \\[39\\]; 2011 No 62, Sch 2.19 \\[3\\]; 2013 (16), Sch 1; 2013 (316), Sch 1 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]; 2016 (355), Sch 1 \\[2\\]; 2018 (488), Sch 1.2; 2018 (527), cl 4; 2019 (370), cl 5; 2019 (401), cl 4; 2020 (5), cl 4; 2020 (224), cl 4; 2021 (31), cl 5; 2021 (123), cl 4; 2021 (141), Sch 1\\[50\\]–\\[57\\]; 2022 (180), Sch 1\\[3\\]; 2022 (674), cl 4(1)–(5); 2022 (831), Sch 1.17\\[36\\]–\\[45\\]; 2023 (116), cl 5; 2025 (689), Sch 1\\[2\\]; 2026 (50), Sch 1.","sortOrder":238},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land in Liverpool city centre in Zone RE1","content":"#### 8 Use of certain land in Liverpool city centre in Zone RE1\n\n8 Use of certain land in Liverpool city centre in Zone RE1\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to land in Zone RE1 Public Recreation in the Liverpool city centre, bounded by the Hume Highway, Macquarie Street, Campbell Street and Northumberland Street.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of restaurants or cafes is permitted with consent if the gross floor area of any restaurant or cafe is not greater than 125m2.","sortOrder":245},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land for service stations and take away food and drink premises","content":"#### 9 Use of certain land for service stations and take away food and drink premises\n\n9 Use of certain land for service stations and take away food and drink premises\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to land shown coloured yellow on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the following purposes is permitted with consent—\n> > \n> > > (a) service stations,\n> > \n> > > (b) take away food and drink premises if—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) there will be no more than 1 take away food and drink premises at each of the areas shown coloured yellow on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008), and\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) the gross floor area of the take away food and drink premises is not greater than 300m2.","sortOrder":246},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land in Liverpool city centre in Zones MU1 and R4","content":"#### 10 Use of certain land in Liverpool city centre in Zones MU1 and R4\n\n10 Use of certain land in Liverpool city centre in Zones MU1 and R4\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to the following land in the Liverpool city centre—\n> > \n> > > (a) land in Zone MU1 Mixed Use, bounded by Bigge Street, Campbell Street, Goulburn Street and Elizabeth Street,\n> > \n> > > (b) land in Zone R4 High Density Residential, bounded by Bigge Street, Lachlan Street, Goulburn Street and Campbell Street.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of light industry is permitted with consent but only if the industry is medical research and development.\n> \n> > (3) Development for the purposes of office premises is permitted with consent but only with respect to the medical or health industries.","sortOrder":247},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 11\n\n11 (Repealed)","sortOrder":248},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Voyager Point in Zone R2","content":"#### 12 Use of certain land at Voyager Point in Zone R2\n\n12 Use of certain land at Voyager Point in Zone R2\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to Lot 11, DP 803038 in Zone R2 Low Density Residential at The Avenue, Voyager Point.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of neighbourhood shops is permitted with consent.","sortOrder":249},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 13\n\n13 (Repealed)","sortOrder":250},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Warwick Farm in Zone E4","content":"#### 14 Use of certain land at Warwick Farm in Zone E4\n\n14 Use of certain land at Warwick Farm in Zone E4\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to Lot 10, DP 788368 in Zone E4 General Industrial at Sappho Road Warwick Farm, known as “Hometown Bulky Goods Centre”.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of specialised retail premises is permitted with consent but only if the gross floor area of the premises is not greater than 4,000m2.","sortOrder":251},{"sectionNumber":"15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Warwick Farm in Zone E4","content":"#### 15 Use of certain land at Warwick Farm in Zone E4\n\n15 Use of certain land at Warwick Farm in Zone E4\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to land in Zone E4 General Industrial in the following locations—\n> > \n> > > (a) north of the Hume Highway and east of the southern rail line at Warwick Farm,\n> > \n> > > (b) east of Orange Grove Road and north of the Hume Highway at Warwick Farm.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of vehicle sales or hire premises is permitted with development consent.","sortOrder":252},{"sectionNumber":"16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Warwick Farm in Zone R2","content":"#### 16 Use of certain land at Warwick Farm in Zone R2\n\n16 Use of certain land at Warwick Farm in Zone R2\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to land in Zone R2 Low Density Residential, east of the southern rail line at Warwick Farm.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the following purposes is permitted with consent—\n> > \n> > > (a) animal boarding or training establishments,\n> > \n> > > (b) farm buildings,\n> > \n> > > (c) veterinary hospitals.","sortOrder":253},{"sectionNumber":"17","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 17\n\n17–19 (Repealed)","sortOrder":254},{"sectionNumber":"20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Casula in Zone E3","content":"#### 20 Use of certain land at Casula in Zone E3\n\n20 Use of certain land at Casula in Zone E3\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to part of Lot 20, DP 1180366 in Zone E3 at the corner of Beech Road and Parkers Farm Place, Casula, as shown coloured green on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of retail premises, business premises, a service station and a vehicle repair station is permitted with consent if the total gross floor area of that development is not greater than 14,000m2.","sortOrder":255},{"sectionNumber":"21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Warwick Farm","content":"#### 21 Use of certain land at Warwick Farm\n\n21 Use of certain land at Warwick Farm\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to part of Lot 23, DP 1190437, 5 Viscount Place, Warwick Farm, as shown coloured light purple on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of retail premises is permitted with consent if—\n> > \n> > > (a) the total gross floor area of all retail premises on the site does not exceed 21,000m2, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the gross floor area of any individual retail premises on the site does not exceed 1,200m2.","sortOrder":256},{"sectionNumber":"22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Casula and Moorebank","content":"#### 22 Use of certain land at Casula and Moorebank\n\n22 Use of certain land at Casula and Moorebank\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to certain land at Casula and Moorebank.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of rail infrastructure is permitted with development consent but only on land in Zone RE1 Public Recreation, Zone C3 Environmental Management and Zone W1 Natural Waterways identified as “IMT Rail Corridor” on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (3) Development for the purposes of drainage is permitted with development consent but only on land in Zone C3 Environmental Management identified as “IMT Riparian Corridor” on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (4) Development for the purposes of a recreation facility (outdoor) or recreation area is permitted with development consent but only on land in Zone C3 Environmental Management identified as “IMT Recreation Area” on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).","sortOrder":257},{"sectionNumber":"23","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 23\n\n23 (Repealed)","sortOrder":258},{"sectionNumber":"24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at 10 Orange Grove Road, Warwick Farm","content":"#### 24 Use of certain land at 10 Orange Grove Road, Warwick Farm\n\n24 Use of certain land at 10 Orange Grove Road, Warwick Farm\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to part of Lot 101, DP 1043160, 10 Orange Grove Road, Warwick Farm, as shown coloured green on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of business premises and shops is permitted with development consent if the total gross floor area of business premises and shops on land to which this clause applies does not exceed 21,000m2.","sortOrder":259},{"sectionNumber":"25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Moorebank in Zone E4","content":"#### 25 Use of certain land at Moorebank in Zone E4\n\n25 Use of certain land at Moorebank in Zone E4\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to Lots 1 and 3, DP 626253 in Zone E4 General Industrial at 4 and 2A Helles Avenue, Moorebank.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purpose of vehicle sales or hire premises is permitted with development consent if—\n> > \n> > > (a) the gross floor area of the vehicle sales or hire premises is not greater than 5,780m2, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the consent authority is satisfied that the vehicle sales or hire premises will be located entirely within an existing building.","sortOrder":260},{"sectionNumber":"26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Chipping Norton in Zone R2","content":"#### 26 Use of certain land at Chipping Norton in Zone R2\n\n26 Use of certain land at Chipping Norton in Zone R2\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to Lot 3, DP 602936 in Zone R2 Low Density Residential at 123 Epsom Road, Chipping Norton.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purpose of multi dwelling housing is permitted with development consent.","sortOrder":261},{"sectionNumber":"27","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 27\n\n27 (Repealed)","sortOrder":262},{"sectionNumber":"28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Collimore Park, Liverpool","content":"#### 28 Use of certain land at Collimore Park, Liverpool\n\n28 Use of certain land at Collimore Park, Liverpool\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to land at Collimore Park, Liverpool, as shown coloured red on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purpose of a car park is permitted with development consent.","sortOrder":263},{"sectionNumber":"29","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at 25 Dwyer Road, Bringelly","content":"#### 29 Use of certain land at 25 Dwyer Road, Bringelly\n\n29 Use of certain land at 25 Dwyer Road, Bringelly\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to Lot 80, DP 27550, 25 Dwyer Road, Bringelly.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of recreation facilities (outdoor) is permitted with development consent.","sortOrder":264},{"sectionNumber":"30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Rossmore","content":"#### 30 Use of certain land at Rossmore\n\n30 Use of certain land at Rossmore\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to Lot 1016, DP 258344, 40 Ramsay Road, Rossmore, shown coloured brown on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of animal boarding or training establishments is permitted with development consent, but only if—\n> > \n> > > (a) the site area of the development is not more than 2 hectares, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the development does not fragment the land to which the clause applies in a way that unreasonably limits the use of the land for recreational purposes.","sortOrder":265},{"sectionNumber":"31","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at Middleton Grange town centre","content":"#### 31 Use of certain land at Middleton Grange town centre\n\n31 Use of certain land at Middleton Grange town centre\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to land shown as coloured light blue on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008) in Zone R1 General Residential.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of restaurants or cafes is permitted with development consent.","sortOrder":266},{"sectionNumber":"32","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land at 104 Fifteenth Avenue, West Hoxton","content":"#### 32 Use of certain land at 104 Fifteenth Avenue, West Hoxton\n\n32 Use of certain land at 104 Fifteenth Avenue, West Hoxton\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to Lot 2, DP 1074727, 104 Fifteenth Avenue, West Hoxton, shown coloured dark purple on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the following purposes is permitted with development consent—\n> > \n> > > (a) a single service station with a gross floor area not greater than 300m2,\n> > \n> > > (b) a single take away food and drink premises with a gross floor area not greater than 300m2.\n> \n> > (3) Development consent must not be granted under subclause (2) unless the consent authority is satisfied there will be appropriate vehicular access to and from the land.","sortOrder":267},{"sectionNumber":"33","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land in Zone E1","content":"#### 33 Use of certain land in Zone E1\n\n33 Use of certain land in Zone E1\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to land identified as “Area C” on the [Land Zoning Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of residential flat buildings is permitted with development consent.","sortOrder":268},{"sectionNumber":"34","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land in Zone E2","content":"#### 34 Use of certain land in Zone E2\n\n34 Use of certain land in Zone E2\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to land identified as “Area D” on the [Land Zoning Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of group homes is permitted with development consent.","sortOrder":269},{"sectionNumber":"35","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land in Zone E3","content":"#### 35 Use of certain land in Zone E3\n\n35 Use of certain land in Zone E3\n\n> > (1) Development for the following purposes is permitted with development consent on land identified as “Area A” on the [Land Zoning Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008)—\n> > \n> > > (a) commercial premises,\n> > \n> > > (b) serviced apartments,\n> > \n> > > (c) shop top housing.\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of food and drink premises is permitted with development consent on land identified as “Area E” on the [Land Zoning Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).","sortOrder":270},{"sectionNumber":"36","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land in Zone E4","content":"#### 36 Use of certain land in Zone E4\n\n36 Use of certain land in Zone E4\n\n> > (1) Development for the purposes of pubs is permitted with development consent on land identified as “Area B” or “Area F” on the [Land Zoning Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of registered clubs is permitted with development consent on land identified as “Area B” on the [Land Zoning Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008)","sortOrder":271},{"sectionNumber":"37","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of certain land in Liverpool","content":"#### 37 Use of certain land in Liverpool\n\n37 Use of certain land in Liverpool\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to land in Liverpool identified as “Area H” on the [Land Zoning Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of business premises or retail premises is permitted with development consent.","sortOrder":272},{"sectionNumber":"38","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of land at 1411 The Northern Road, Bringelly","content":"#### 38 Use of land at 1411 The Northern Road, Bringelly\n\n38 Use of land at 1411 The Northern Road, Bringelly\n\n> > (1) This clause applies to Lot 6, DP 1217784, 1411 The Northern Road, Bringelly, shown coloured blue on the [Key Sites Map](https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/publications/environmental-planning-instruments/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008).\n> \n> > (2) Development for the purposes of a single service station is permitted with development consent.","sortOrder":273},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 2","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Exempt development","content":"# Schedule 2 Exempt development\n\nSchedule 2 Exempt development\n\n(Clause 3.1)\n\nNote 1.\n\n[State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2008-0572) specifies exempt development under that Policy. The Policy has State-wide application. This Schedule contains additional exempt development not specified in that Policy.\n\nNote 2.\n\nExempt development may be carried out without the need for development consent under the Act. Such development is not exempt from any approval, licence, permit or authority that is required under any other Act and adjoining owners’ property rights and the common law still apply.\n\n**sch 2:** Am 2010 (162), Sch 1.4 \\[8\\]; 2010 (176), Sch 1 \\[10\\]–\\[13\\]; 2010 No 59, Sch 2.50; 2011 (363), Sch 13 \\[40\\]; 2012 (117), Sch 1 \\[2\\]; 2021 (141), Sch 1\\[58\\]; 2022 (437), cl 5; 2022 (831), Sch 1.17\\[46\\]–\\[51\\].","sortOrder":274},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—general requirements","content":"#### sch.2-sec Advertisements—general requirements\n\nAdvertisements—general requirements\n\n> > (1) Must be non-moving.\n> \n> > (2) Must be at least 600mm from any public road.\n> \n> > (3) Must be at least 2.6m above any public footpath.\n> \n> > (4) Must relate to the lawful use of the building (except for temporary signs).\n> \n> > (5) Must be within the boundary of the property to which it applies, unless in an employment or mixed use zone.\n> \n> > (6) Must reflect the character and style of any building to which it is attached.\n> \n> > (7) Must not be detrimental to the character and functioning of the building.\n> \n> > (8) Must not be on walls facing or adjoining residential premises.\n> \n> > (9) Must not be an “A” frame sign.\n> \n> > (10) Must have the consent of the owner of the property on which the sign is located.","sortOrder":275},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—business identification signs for businesses other than brothels in Zone E1, E3 or MU1","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.2 Advertisements—business identification signs for businesses other than brothels in Zone E1, E3 or MU1\n\nAdvertisements—business identification signs for businesses other than brothels in Zone E1, E3 or MU1\n\n> > (1)–(4) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (5) Fascia signs Sign attached to the fascia or return of the awning—\n> > \n> > > (a) must meet the general requirements for advertisements, and\n> > \n> > > (b) 1 sign per premises, and\n> > \n> > > (c) must not project above or below, or more than 300mm from the fascia or return end of the awning to which it is attached, and\n> > \n> > > (d) must not be flashing.","sortOrder":276},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—business identification signs for businesses other than brothels in Zone E4 or E5","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.3 Advertisements—business identification signs for businesses other than brothels in Zone E4 or E5\n\nAdvertisements—business identification signs for businesses other than brothels in Zone E4 or E5\n\n> > (1) Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.\n> \n> > (2) 1 pole or pylon sign per premises (including any directory board for multiple occupancies).\n> \n> > (3) Maximum height—5m.\n> \n> > (4) Must be within 5m of any public entry point to the premises.\n> \n> > (5) Must not obstruct the sight line of vehicle or pedestrian traffic.\n> \n> > (6) For multiple occupancy premises, 1 additional business identification sign is permitted at the entrance to each occupied unit, maximum area—1.2m2.\n> \n> > (7) For single occupancy premises, 1 additional business identification sign is permitted, maximum area—50m2 or 1m2 per 3m of street frontage, whichever is the lesser.","sortOrder":277},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—business identification signs in residential zones","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.4 Advertisements—business identification signs in residential zones\n\nAdvertisements—business identification signs in residential zones\n\n> > (1) Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.\n> \n> > (2) 1 sign per premises.\n> \n> > (3) Maximum area—0.75m2.\n> \n> > (4) If a pole or pylon sign, maximum height—2m.\n> \n> > (5) Must not be illuminated or flashing.","sortOrder":278},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—business identification signs in rural zones","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.5 Advertisements—business identification signs in rural zones\n\nAdvertisements—business identification signs in rural zones\n\n> > (1) Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.\n> \n> > (2) 1 sign per premises.\n> \n> > (3) Maximum area—0.75m2 (except if a pole or pylon sign).\n> \n> > (4) If a pole or pylon sign, maximum area—2m2 and maximum height—2m.\n> \n> > (5) Must not be illuminated or flashing.","sortOrder":279},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—in or on bus shelters","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.6 Advertisements—in or on bus shelters\n\nAdvertisements—in or on bus shelters\n\n> > (1) Maximum height—2.5m.\n> \n> > (2) Maximum width—1.5m.\n> \n> > (3) 2 signs per bus shelter.\n> \n> > (4) Must not be flashing.\n> \n> > (5) Must have the consent of the owner of the property on which the sign is located.","sortOrder":280},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—public notices displayed by a public body giving information or direction about the services provided","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.7 Advertisements—public notices displayed by a public body giving information or direction about the services provided\n\nAdvertisements—public notices displayed by a public body giving information or direction about the services provided\n\n> > (1) Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.\n> \n> > (2) Maximum height—5m.\n> \n> > (3) Maximum area—5m2.\n> \n> > (4) Must not obstruct the sight line of vehicle or pedestrian traffic.\n> \n> > (5) Must not be flashing.","sortOrder":281},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—real estate signs (advertising land development)","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.8 Advertisements—real estate signs (advertising land development)\n\nAdvertisements—real estate signs (advertising land development)\n\n> > (1) Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.\n> \n> > (2) Maximum area—6m2 for each 25 lots.","sortOrder":282},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—real estate signs (advertising premises or land for sale or rent) in employment or mixed use zones","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.9 Advertisements—real estate signs (advertising premises or land for sale or rent) in employment or mixed use zones\n\nAdvertisements—real estate signs (advertising premises or land for sale or rent) in employment or mixed use zones\n\n> > (1) Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.\n> \n> > (2) Maximum area—4.5m2.\n> \n> > (3) Must be within the boundary of the advertised property.\n> \n> > (4) Must not be flashing.\n> \n> > (5) Must be removed within 14 days after the premises or land is sold or let.","sortOrder":283},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—real estate signs (advertising premises or land for sale or rent) in residential or rural zones","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.10 Advertisements—real estate signs (advertising premises or land for sale or rent) in residential or rural zones\n\nAdvertisements—real estate signs (advertising premises or land for sale or rent) in residential or rural zones\n\n> > (1) Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.\n> \n> > (2) Maximum area—2.5m2.\n> \n> > (3) Must not be flashing.\n> \n> > (4) Must be removed within 14 days after the premises or land is sold or let.","sortOrder":284},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—signs behind the glass line of a shop window in Zone E1, E2, E3, E4 or MU1 (other than brothels)","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.11 Advertisements—signs behind the glass line of a shop window in Zone E1, E2, E3, E4 or MU1 (other than brothels)\n\nAdvertisements—signs behind the glass line of a shop window in Zone E1, E2, E3, E4 or MU1 (other than brothels)\n\n> > (1) Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.\n> \n> > (2) Must not occupy more than 25% of the area of the window.\n> \n> > (3) Must not be flashing.","sortOrder":285},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—temporary signs for religious, cultural, political, social or recreational events","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.12 Advertisements—temporary signs for religious, cultural, political, social or recreational events\n\nAdvertisements—temporary signs for religious, cultural, political, social or recreational events\n\n> > (1) Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.\n> \n> > (2) 1 per street frontage.\n> \n> > (3) Maximum area—1.5m2 and maximum height—1.5m in residential and rural zones.\n> \n> > (4) Maximum area—3.5m2 and maximum height—2m in employment or mixed use zones.\n> \n> > (5) Must not include commercial advertising apart from name of event sponsor.\n> \n> > (6) Must not be displayed earlier than 28 days before, or later than 14 days after, the event.\n> \n> > (7) Must not be used in relation to recurring events.\n> \n> > (8) Must not be flashing.","sortOrder":286},{"sectionNumber":"sch.2-sec-oc.13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Advertisements—in a site, but not visible from outside of that site (other than brothels)","content":"#### sch.2-sec-oc.13 Advertisements—in a site, but not visible from outside of that site (other than brothels)\n\nAdvertisements—in a site, but not visible from outside of that site (other than brothels)\n\n> Must meet the general requirements for advertisements.","sortOrder":287},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 3","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Complying development","content":"# Schedule 3 Complying development\n\nSchedule 3 Complying development\n\n(Clause 3.2)\n\nNote.\n\n[State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2008-0572) specifies complying development and the complying development conditions for that development under that Policy. The Policy has State-wide application. This Schedule contains additional complying development not specified in that Policy.\n\n**sch 3:** Am 2010 (162), Sch 1.4 \\[9\\]; 2010 (176), Sch 1 \\[14\\]–\\[27\\]; 2011 (363), Sch 13 \\[41\\] \\[42\\]; 2017 (350), Sch 1.3; 2022 (831), Sch 1.17\\[52\\].","sortOrder":288},{"sectionNumber":"sch.3-sec","sectionType":"section","heading":"Additions to industrial and warehouse buildings in Zone E4 or E5","content":"#### sch.3-sec Additions to industrial and warehouse buildings in Zone E4 or E5\n\nAdditions to industrial and warehouse buildings in Zone E4 or E5\n\n> > (1) Must not be on lots that are adjacent to land in residential or recreation zones.\n> \n> > (2) Must not involve change to the use of the premises.\n> \n> > (3) Maximum additional floor area—1,000m2 or 25% of existing floor area (whichever is the lesser).\n> \n> > (4) Maximum floor space ratio—1:1.\n> \n> > (5) Maximum height of any structure—8.5m.\n> \n> > (6) Minimum setback for any structure—\n> > \n> > > (a) from an arterial road (or arterial road widening)—20m, or\n> > \n> > > (b) from a local road (or local road widening)—10m, or\n> > \n> > > (c) from other boundaries—5m.\n> \n> > (7) Minimum setback for any paved area wider than 1.5m—\n> > \n> > > (a) from an arterial road (or arterial road widening)—5m, or\n> > \n> > > (b) from a local road (or local road widening)—5m, or\n> > \n> > > (c) from other boundaries—3.5m.\n> \n> > (8) Must have at least one window opening, door opening or other wall variation of more than 50mm for every 20m of wall length facing the front boundary.\n> \n> > (9) Earthworks must not extend more than—\n> > \n> > > (a) 900mm above ground level (existing), or\n> > \n> > > (b) 600mm below ground level (existing).\n> \n> > (10) Any roof or surface drainage area must have a drainage system that—\n> > \n> > > (a) captures the roof or surface water, and\n> > \n> > > (b) discharges that water into the inter-allotment or street stormwater drainage system, and\n> > \n> > > (c) limits the rate of discharge into Council’s kerb and gutter to less than 20 litres per second without using on-site detention systems, and\n> > \n> > > (d) caters for a 1 in 20 year storm event and directs excess water over land to the street.\n> \n> > (11) Must provide and maintain, adjacent to any street, a landscaped area with a minimum width of 5m that is designed by a suitably qualified landscape architect and that has mounding to a height of at least 600mm along the majority of any frontage to an arterial road.\n> \n> > (12) Must ensure that there are in each landscaped area at least 3 trees (that grow to a mature height of over 5m and are not exempt trees), 6 shrubs (that grow to a mature height of over 1.5m) and 20 smaller plants.\n> \n> > (13) Must provide a landscaped bay with a minimum width of 1.5m containing at least 1 tree that is not an exempt tree, at the end of, at least, every 10 car parking spaces in the front setback.\n> \n> > (14) Must provide at least 1 car parking space for every 40m2 of gross floor area of any building used for the purpose of office premises and at least 1 car parking space for every 70m2 of gross floor of any building used for any other purpose.\n> \n> > (15) Must not reduce any vehicle loading area or remove any such area.\n> \n> > (16) Must not change the location or number of driveway entries onto the property.\n> \n> > (17) Driveways must—\n> > \n> > > (a) be at least 10m from any road intersection, and\n> > \n> > > (b) be no wider than 7m crossing any landscaped strip to the front street or a side street, and\n> > \n> > > (c) permit all vehicles to enter and exit the site in a forward direction.\n> \n> > (18) Must locate garbage and storage areas behind the building line for each street frontage.","sortOrder":290},{"sectionNumber":"sch.3-sec-oc.2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Demolition or removal of dwelling houses or ancillary development","content":"#### sch.3-sec-oc.2 Demolition or removal of dwelling houses or ancillary development\n\nDemolition or removal of dwelling houses or ancillary development\n\n> > (1) Must be demolition of a building or structure specified for this Schedule.\n> \n> > (2) Must be in Zone R1, R2, R3, R4 or R5.\n> \n> > (3) Must be undertaken in accordance with AS 2601—2001, The demolition of structures.","sortOrder":291},{"sectionNumber":"sch.3-sec-oc.3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Dwelling houses in Zones R1, R2, R3 and R4 on a property that is equal to or greater than 400m2 and less than 450m2","content":"#### sch.3-sec-oc.3 Dwelling houses in Zones R1, R2, R3 and R4 on a property that is equal to or greater than 400m2 and less than 450m2\n\nDwelling houses in Zones R1, R2, R3 and R4 on a property that is equal to or greater than 400m2 and less than 450m2\n\n> > (1) Must be the construction of a dwelling house including any ancillary development related to that house.\n> \n> > (2) The property must be entirely in a residential zone other than Zone R5 Large Lot Residential.\n> \n> > (3) Minimum width of property street frontage—12m.\n> \n> > (4) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (5) Maximum floor space ratio—0.5:1.\n> \n> > (6) The setback from the front property boundary—\n> > \n> > > (a) to the dwelling house must be between 4.5m and 7m or at least 7m if the front property boundary fronts a classified road, and\n> > \n> > > (b) to any part of a second storey of the dwelling house must be at least 5.5m.\n> \n> > (7) Minimum setback from the rear property boundary—\n> > \n> > > (a) to the rear ground floor walls of the dwelling house—5m, and\n> > \n> > > (b) to the rear second storey walls of the dwelling house—8m.\n> \n> > (8) Maximum height of any structure (other than a structure that is exempt development)—8.5m.\n> \n> > (9) Maximum height of a single storey structure (other than a structure that is exempt development)—5m.\n> \n> > (10) Maximum height of a structure in the front setback—1.2m.\n> \n> > (11) Maximum height of a structure within 2.5m of the rear property boundary—2.4m.\n> \n> > (12) Maximum height of a structure within 3m of a side property boundary—7m.\n> \n> > (13) Maximum height of a structure within 900mm of a side property boundary—3.3m.\n> \n> > (14) Maximum height of a structure within 450mm of side or rear property boundary—2.1m.\n> \n> > (15) Must not prevent at least 3 hours of direct sunlight between 9:00 am and 5:00 pm on 21 June—\n> > \n> > > (a) to the main living area windows of any dwelling on adjoining properties, and\n> > \n> > > (b) to at least 50% of the main area of private open space on the property or any neighbouring properties.\n> \n> > (16) Maximum number of storeys—2.\n> \n> > (17) Maximum height of the ground floor level—800mm above ground level (existing).\n> \n> > (18) Maximum height of any raised platform (associated with a deck, retaining wall, fill or otherwise) behind the front setback—800mm but if within 3m of any property boundary—300mm.\n> \n> > (19) Earthworks must not extend more than—\n> > \n> > > (a) 300mm above ground level (existing), or\n> > \n> > > (b) 500mm above ground level (existing) if retained behind an edge beam wall of the dwelling, or\n> > \n> > > (c) 500mm below ground level (existing).\n> \n> > (20) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (21) Maximum second storey depth within 5m of either side boundary (not including balconies)—12m.\n> \n> > (22) Maximum depth of any second storey balcony—2.2m.\n> \n> > (23) Any second storey balcony more than 9m from the front property boundary must be at least 5m from any side property boundary.\n> \n> > (24) Any second storey balcony must be at least 8m from the rear property boundary.\n> \n> > (25) Maximum height between a floor and the ceiling above—4.5m.\n> \n> > (26) Minimum height between a floor in a habitable area and the ceiling above—2.4m.\n> \n> > (27) Minimum window sill heights for windows on the second storey that face, or are less than 3m from, a side boundary—1.5m.\n> \n> > (28) Materials, colours and finishes must be visually compatible with those existing in the surrounding area.\n> \n> > (29) Must provide and maintain, on the rear half of the property, a soft landscaped area of at least 50m2 with a minimum width of 3m that has no hard paved surface other than garden edging or a retaining or other similar structure.\n> \n> > (29A) Must provide and maintain on the front setback a landscaped area of at least 20m2 with a minimum width of 3m that has no hard paved surface other than garden edging or a retaining or other similar structure.\n> \n> > (29B) A lot on which a new dwelling is erected must have at least 24m2 of principal private open space. In this subclause, principal private open space has the same meaning as it has in [State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2008-0572).\n> \n> > (30) Must ensure that there are at least 1 tree (that grows to a mature height of over 5m and is not an exempt tree), 5 shrubs (that grow to a mature height of over 1.5m) and 15 smaller plants.\n> \n> > (31) Must provide and maintain at least 2 car parking spaces, 1 that is behind the building line and is at least 3m wide and 5.5m long (that must be covered) and 1 that is at least 2.5m wide and 5.5m long (that may be covered but only if it is behind the building line).\n> \n> > (32) Maximum width of driveways at the property boundary—\n> > \n> > > (a) if to the front street—3.5m, or\n> > \n> > > (b) if to a side or rear street—6m.\n> \n> > (32A) If the door or doors on a garage face a primary road, a secondary road or a parallel road, the total width of all door openings must not be more than—\n> > \n> > > (a) 6m, and\n> > \n> > > (b) 50% of the width of the building, measured at the building line to the relevant property boundary.\n> \n> > (32B) Any garage or carport must be set back at least 1m behind the front wall of the dwelling closest to the street.\n> \n> > (33) Minimum distance of driveways from any road intersection—6m.\n> \n> > (34) Driveways outside the property boundary must be constructed at right angles to the kerb and guttering and must be at least 500mm from any telegraph pole, street furniture or drainage structure.\n> \n> > (35) Maximum gradient of driveways—1:5.\n> \n> > (36) Driveways with a gradient of more than 1:12 must have (within the property boundary) a transition zone of at least 2m that has a maximum average gradient of 1:12.\n> \n> > (37)–(42) (Repealed)","sortOrder":292},{"sectionNumber":"sch.3-sec-oc.4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Dwelling houses in Zone R5 Large Lot Residential","content":"#### sch.3-sec-oc.4 Dwelling houses in Zone R5 Large Lot Residential\n\nDwelling houses in Zone R5 Large Lot Residential\n\n> > (1) Must be the construction of a dwelling house including any ancillary development related to that house (such as garages, awnings or swimming pools).\n> \n> > (2) The property must be entirely in Zone R5 Large Lot Residential.\n> \n> > (3) The property must have a street frontage width of at least 20m and an area of at least 2,500m2.\n> \n> > (4) Maximum floor space ratio—0.1:1.\n> \n> > (5) The setback from the front property boundary—\n> > \n> > > (a) to the front wall of the dwelling house closest to the street must be between 12m and 25m, and\n> > \n> > > (b) to any other front walls of the dwelling house that are over 2m wide must be between 4.5m and 8m.\n> \n> > (6) Maximum width of the dwelling (not including ancillary components)—20m.\n> \n> > (7) Maximum depth of the dwelling (not including ancillary components)—20m.\n> \n> > (8) Minimum setback from the rear property boundary to the rear walls of the dwelling—12m.\n> \n> > (9) Minimum setback from side property boundaries to the walls of the dwelling—5m.\n> \n> > (10) Maximum height of any structure (other than a structure that is exempt development)—8.5m.\n> \n> > (11) Maximum height of a single storey structure (other than a structure that is exempt development)—5m.\n> \n> > (12) Maximum number of storeys—2.\n> \n> > (13) Maximum height of the ground floor level—800mm above ground level (existing).\n> \n> > (14) Maximum height of any raised platform (associated with a deck, retaining wall, fill or otherwise) behind the front setback—800mm but if within 3m of any property boundary—300mm.\n> \n> > (15) Earthworks must not extend more than—\n> > \n> > > (a) 300mm above ground level (existing), or\n> > \n> > > (b) 500mm above ground level (existing) if retained behind an edge beam wall of the dwelling, or\n> > \n> > > (c) 500mm below ground level (existing).\n> \n> > (16) Maximum depth of any second storey balcony—3m.\n> \n> > (17) Any second storey balcony must be at least 10m from the rear property boundary.\n> \n> > (18) Maximum height between a floor and the ceiling above—4.5m.\n> \n> > (19) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (20) Materials, colours and finishes must be visually compatible with those existing in the surrounding area.\n> \n> > (21) Must provide and maintain, on the rear half of the property, private open space of at least 300m2 with a minimum width of 6m.\n> \n> > (22) Must provide and maintain, on the rear half of the property, a soft landscaped area of at least 100m2 with a minimum width of 5m that has no hard paved surface other than garden edging, retaining structure or similar.\n> \n> > (23) Must provide and maintain, on the front setback, a soft landscaped area of at least 15m2 with a minimum width of 2.5m that has no hard paved surface other than garden edging, retaining structure or similar.\n> \n> > (24) Must ensure that there are on the property at least 3 trees (that grow to a mature height of over 5m and are not exempt trees), 6 shrubs (that grow to a mature height of over 1.5m) and 20 smaller plants.\n> \n> > (25) Must provide and maintain at least 2 car parking spaces, 1 that is behind the building line and is at least 3m wide and 5.5m long (that must be covered) and 1 that is at least 2.5m wide and 5.5m long (that may be covered but only if behind the building line).\n> \n> > (26) Maximum width of any garage or carport (including walls)—7m (unless entirely behind the dwelling).\n> \n> > (27) Any garage or carport must be set back at least 1m behind the front wall of the dwelling closest to the street.\n> \n> > (28) Maximum width of driveways at the property boundary—6m.\n> \n> > (29) Minimum distance of driveways from any road intersection—6m.\n> \n> > (30) Driveways outside the property boundary must be constructed at right angles to the kerb and guttering and must be at least 500mm from any telegraph pole, street furniture or drainage structure.\n> \n> > (31) Any covered outdoor area (including awnings, pergolas, gazebos, verandahs, entry foyers or similar) must be open for at least 50% of its perimeter between 1m and 2m above the inside floor level.\n> \n> > (32) Any structure with a roof area of more than 10m2 must have guttering and downpipes that capture the water from the roofed area and discharge that water—\n> > \n> > > (a) into the inter-allotment or street stormwater drainage system, or\n> > \n> > > (b) into rainwater tanks that discharge any overflow into any such stormwater system.\n> \n> > (33)–(36) (Repealed)","sortOrder":293},{"sectionNumber":"sch.3-sec-oc.5","sectionType":"section","heading":"General conditions","content":"#### sch.3-sec-oc.5 General conditions\n\nGeneral conditions\n\n> Any development specified in Part 1 is subject to the same conditions set out in Schedule 6 to [State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008](/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2008-0572).","sortOrder":295},{"sectionNumber":"sch.3-sec-oc.6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Survey certificate","content":"#### sch.3-sec-oc.6 Survey certificate\n\nSurvey certificate\n\n> In order to ensure compliance with approved plans, a survey certificate, to Australian Height Datum, must be prepared by a registered surveyor, as follows—\n> \n> > (a) on completion of floor slab framework before concrete is poured, detailing the location of the structure to the boundaries, and\n> \n> > (b) at completion of the lowest floor, confirming that levels are in accordance with the certificate. (Levels must relate to the datum on the certificate.)","sortOrder":296},{"sectionNumber":"sch.3-sec-oc.7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Required payments","content":"#### sch.3-sec-oc.7 Required payments\n\nRequired payments\n\n> If payments are required in relation to any of the following, evidence of those payments must be provided to the Council on or before the lodging of the complying development certificate with the Council—\n> \n> > (a) road reserve deposits,\n> \n> > (b) opening of roads,\n> \n> > (c) inspections,\n> \n> > (d) registration.","sortOrder":297},{"sectionNumber":"sch.3-sec-oc.8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notification to Council on completion","content":"#### sch.3-sec-oc.8 Notification to Council on completion\n\nNotification to Council on completion\n\n> The Council must be notified that all works have been completed within a reasonable time after the completion of the works.","sortOrder":298},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 4","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Classification and reclassification of public land","content":"# Schedule 4 Classification and reclassification of public land\n\nSchedule 4 Classification and reclassification of public land\n\n(Clause 5.2)\n\n**sch 4:** Am 2011 (620), Sch 1 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]; 2012 (117), Sch 1 \\[3\\] \\[4\\]; 2013 (153), Sch 1 \\[5\\]; 2014 (373), Sch 1 \\[6\\] \\[7\\]; 2015 (36), cl 5; 2016 (174), Sch 1 \\[7\\] \\[8\\]; 2017 (488), Sch 1 \\[2\\] \\[3\\]; 2020 (647), cl 5; 2021 (95), Sch 1; 2024 (82), Sch 1.","sortOrder":299},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 5","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Environmental heritage","content":"# Schedule 5 Environmental heritage\n\nSchedule 5 Environmental heritage\n\n(Clause 5.10)\n\n**sch 5:** Am 2010 (668), Sch 1 \\[12\\] \\[13\\]; 2011 (443), Sch 1 \\[1\\]–\\[13\\]; 2011 (643), Sch 1; 2012 (117), Sch 1 \\[5\\] \\[6\\]; 2012 (538), Sch 2.3 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]; 2014 (373), Sch 1 \\[8\\]; 2015 (562), cl 5; 2016 (174), Sch 1 \\[9\\]; 2020 (545), Sch 3.1; 2021 (141), Sch 2\\[1\\]–\\[72\\]; 2022 No 26, Sch 2.18; 2023 (17), cl 5(1) (2); 2025 (384), Sch 1.","sortOrder":303},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 6","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Pond-based and tank-based aquaculture","content":"# Schedule 6 Pond-based and tank-based aquaculture\n\nSchedule 6 Pond-based and tank-based aquaculture\n\n(Clause 5.19)","sortOrder":311},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 7","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Exempt trees","content":"# Schedule 7 Exempt trees\n\nSchedule 7 Exempt trees\n\n(Dictionary)\n\n| Botanical Name | Common Name |\n| Salix species | Willow |\n| Populus species | Poplar |\n| Acacia baileyana | Cootamundra Wattle |\n| Erythrina x sykesii | Coral Tree |\n| Ficus elastica and hybrids | Ornamental Rubber Tree |\n| Cupressus macrocarpa | Golden Cypress |\n| Lagunaria patersonia | Norfolk Island Hibiscus |\n| Ligustrum lucidum species | Large-leaved Privet |\n| Ligustrum sinense species | Small-leaved Privet |\n| Olea africana | African Olive |\n| Cinnamomum camphora | Camphor Laurel |\n| Schefflera actinophylla | Umbrella Tree |\n| Syagrus romanzoffiana | Cocos Palm |\n| Toxicodendron succedaneum | Rhus Tree |\n| Gleditsia triacanthos | Honey Locust |\n\n**sch 7 (previously Sch 6):** Renumbered 2021 (141), Sch 1\\[59\\].","sortOrder":329}],"analysis":{"summary":{"complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The plan has evolved substantially from its original 2008 form. With over 130 amendments in under 18 years — sometimes multiple amendments within a single week — the scope has clearly expanded and shifted significantly beyond the original instrument, reflecting Liverpool's rapid urban growth, rezoning of new release areas, changing state planning policies, and evolving community needs. What started as a consolidation of older planning controls has been continuously reshaped to accommodate major development, infrastructure corridors, and updated environmental and heritage protections."},"complexity_factors":["Extremely high amendment frequency — over 130 separate versions since 2008, making it very difficult to track current rules without knowing the exact version applicable to a given date","Operates as a 'standard instrument LEP' under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, meaning it must be read alongside that parent Act and any State Environmental Planning Policies (SEPPs) that override or supplement it","Multiple overlapping maps — land use zones, height limits, floor space ratios, heritage maps, flood maps, and more must all be cross-referenced together to understand what applies to any given parcel of land","Highly site-specific application — rules differ property by property based on zoning, overlays, and site-specific provisions, making generalisation difficult","Large geographic area covering a rapidly growing and diverse LGA with residential, industrial, rural, and environmentally sensitive land all subject to different provisions","Interaction with numerous other planning instruments — State policies, development control plans (DCPs), contributions plans, and biodiversity laws all layer on top of this plan","Historical significance — because the plan has changed so often, determining what rules applied at a particular past date (e.g. for a legal dispute) requires identifying the correct point-in-time version","Technical land use definitions and planning terminology that require specialist knowledge to interpret correctly"],"plain_english_summary":"The Liverpool Local Environmental Plan 2008 is the legal planning rulebook for Liverpool LGA that controls land use and building rules across the area — zoning what activities are allowed where, setting development standards (heights, lot sizes, setbacks), and protecting heritage, environmental and flood-prone areas. \n\nIt affects anyone with land in Liverpool — homeowners, businesses, developers and community groups — and shapes housing, commercial growth and environmental protection. The plan has been frequently amended, so rules change over time."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":772},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Plan has grown significantly beyond its original 2008 scope through numerous amendments. Originally focused on standard local environmental planning, it now includes: affordable housing contribution schemes (2025), detailed city centre design excellence requirements, site-specific controls for over 30 individual development sites, Western Sydney Airport protection measures, and complex dual occupancy provisions. The 2025 amendments alone added new clauses 4.1AB, 4.1AC, 7.45–7.47, and expanded Schedule 1, indicating continued expansion into housing policy and developer contributions."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping zone systems (8 zone categories with 22 specific zones)","Extensive cross-referencing to maps (Height of Buildings Map, Floor Space Ratio Map, Lot Size Map, Land Zoning Map, Key Sites Map, Affordable Housing Map, etc.)","Numerous site-specific provisions with bespoke rules for individual parcels (clauses 7.26A–7.47, Schedule 1)","Nested conditional logic with multiple exceptions (e.g., clause 4.4 floor space ratio calculations with tables and formulas)","Heritage provisions requiring assessment against multiple criteria and consultation with Heritage Council","Flood planning clauses with climate change considerations and multiple assessment criteria","Detailed exempt and complying development schedules with extensive technical standards","Frequent amendments (2025 amendments already incorporated) creating layered legislative history","Dual occupancy and subdivision rules with varying thresholds across different zones and areas","Airspace and airport noise controls with technical thresholds (ANEF levels) and building code references"],"plain_english_summary":"This is the **Liverpool Local Environmental Plan 2008**, a planning rulebook that controls what can be built and how land can be used across the Liverpool area in Sydney's south-west.\n\n**What it does:**\n- **Zones land** into categories like residential (R1–R5), rural (RU1–RU4), employment/industrial (E1–E5), mixed use (MU1), conservation (C1–C3), and recreation zones — each with different allowed uses\n- **Controls development** through rules on building heights, floor space ratios (how much floor area you can build relative to your land size), minimum lot sizes for subdivision, and setbacks from boundaries\n- **Protects heritage** by requiring approval to alter or demolish heritage-listed buildings and archaeological sites\n- **Manages environmental risks** including flooding, bush fire hazards, acid sulfate soils, and public bushland\n- **Enables faster approvals** for certain \"exempt\" and \"complying\" development that meets standard requirements\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- **Property owners and developers** wanting to build, subdivide, or change land use\n- **Businesses** operating in industrial, commercial, or mixed-use zones\n- **Farmers and rural landholders** with specific rules for primary production and rural workers' dwellings\n- **Residents** in areas with noise controls near airports, design requirements for new housing, and protections for neighbourhood character\n\n**Key local features:**\n- Special rules for **Liverpool city centre** including height limits, sun access protections for parks, design excellence requirements, and car parking ratios\n- **Affordable housing contributions** required for larger residential developments in designated areas\n- **Specific site controls** for places like Middleton Grange town centre, Moorebank, and former New Brighton Golf Course\n- **Airport protection** measures for Bankstown Airport and Western Sydney International Airport\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThis Plan shapes how Liverpool grows — balancing housing, jobs, infrastructure, and environmental protection while preserving heritage and managing risks like flooding and aircraft noise."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":9,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"Yes. The instrument has grown materially beyond a simple zoning and permitted‑use plan into a detailed implementation tool that combines: (a) standard zoning and mapped controls; (b) extensive city‑centre masterplanning controls (Part 7: sun access, separation, design excellence, site‑by‑site FSR/height exceptions such as cl 7.5A, cl 7.37); (c) urban release staging and infrastructure tests (Part 6, cl 6.5–6.6); (d) site‑specific caps and floorspace allocations across many local sites (multiple cll in Part 7 and Sch 1 entries); and (e) new delivery mechanisms such as affordable housing contributions (cl 7.47) and public land reclassification (cl 5.2, Sch 4). The many later insertions and amendments (noted in multiple clause footnotes) show the Plan has progressively accumulated operational, development‑management and fiscal tools that go beyond the original descriptive/land‑use framing (cl 1.2 aims). Concretely, the Plan now mixes strategic zoning with implementation obligations (DCPs, staging, contributions), site‑level bespoke rules and procedural exceptions — increasing administrative discretion, compliance costs for applicants and the Plan’s role as an active delivery instrument rather than only a zoning schedule."},"complexity_factors":["Large number of discrete zones and a detailed Land Use Table (cl 2.1, cl 2.3)","Extensive map‑based controls (Land Zoning Map, Height of Buildings Map, Floor Space Ratio Map, Lot Size Map, Key Sites Map, Heritage Map) cross‑referenced throughout (cl 2.2, cl 4.3, cl 4.4, cl 4.1, Part 7)","Many site‑specific and subject‑specific clauses in Part 7 and Schedule 1 (dozens of site caps, unique height/FSR/exclusion rules)","Multiple schedules with prescriptive technical standards for exempt and complying development (Sch 2 & Sch 3)","Numerous cross‑references to State Environmental Planning Policies and other Acts, creating layered legal dependencies (cl 1.9, cl 5.12, cl 5.21 etc.)","Exceptions and discretionary paths with record‑keeping and evidentiary tests (cl 4.6) — nested conditional logic","Urban release and DCP staging requirements that introduce procedural dependencies and sequencing (Part 6; cl 6.5–6.6)","A long amendment history (many ins/am/repeals noted) increasing interpretive complexity and potential for transitional/savings issues (cl 1.8A and amendment notes)","Technical overlays dealing with environment, heritage, flood, acid sulfate soils, aviation and public land classification (cl 5.10, cl 5.21, cl 7.7, cl 7.17, cl 5.2)"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this plan does (mechanics first)**\n\n- It is Liverpool’s Local Environmental Plan (LEP). It prescribes how land in the Liverpool local government area may be used and developed by: zoning land (cl 2.1–2.2), listing permitted/consent/prohibited uses in a Land Use Table (cl 2.3), and fixing map-based controls (height, floor space ratio, lot sizes, heritage areas, key sites maps referenced throughout).  \n\n- The Council is the consent authority that decides most development applications (cl 1.6). Many developments still require development consent; other low‑impact works may be exempt or carried out as complying development if they meet the schedules and standards in Part 3 and Schedules 2–3 (cl 3.1–3.2, Sch 2–3).\n\n- The Plan sets principal standards: maximum building heights (cl 4.3), floor space ratios (cl 4.4), minimum lot sizes and subdivision rules (cl 4.1, 4.1AA, 4.1AB), site area/FAR calculation rules (cl 4.5) and an exceptions process for varying standards (cl 4.6).\n\n- It contains numerous local, site‑specific and topic‑specific rules: Liverpool city centre design and sun‑access rules, car‑parking and tower separation standards (cl 7.1–7.5, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5A); urban release area rules requiring staging, DCPs and essential infrastructure (Part 6; cl 6.5–6.6); heritage controls (cl 5.10 & Sch 5); environmental, flood and bushland protections (cl 5.21–5.23); aquaculture and agricultural controls (cl 5.18, 5.19 & Sch 6); and a schedule of additional permitted uses and site‑specific limits (Sch 1, various cll in Part 7).\n\n- The Plan references and is subject to State Environmental Planning Policies and other Acts and sets interaction rules where they prevail (cl 1.9, many cross‑references throughout). It also contains procedural points: savings for pending applications (cl 1.8A), maps to be kept and published (cl 1.7), and the ability, in limited cases, to suspend private covenants to allow development consistent with the Plan (cl 1.9A).\n\n**Who is affected**\n\n- Property owners and prospective developers: the Plan determines what development may occur, what permits are needed, numeric limits (height, FSR, lot size), and site‑specific caps (e.g. floor area limits at particular sites — see cl 7.23, 7.30, 7.42).  \n- The Council: decides applications and prepares/approves required development control plans for urban release areas and some site‑specific uplift (cl 6.6, 7.5A).  \n- State agencies and utilities: the Plan assigns acquiring authorities for land reservation and sets referral/approval obligations on some proposals (cl 5.1, 7.17/7.17A on airspace and hospital helicopter airspace).\n\n**Why it matters (practical effects and behaviour changes)**\n\n- It determines the baseline property rights and commercial development opportunities on each parcel of land by maps and the Land Use Table (cl 2.2–2.3). Developers will design projects to fit map limits (height FSR lot size) or pursue exceptions under cl 4.6 (but must demonstrate grounds).\n\n- It changes incentives and costs: infrastructure and staging tests for urban release areas (cl 6.5–6.6) shift costs and timing onto developers or require coordinated provision; affordable housing contributions may be required on mapped areas (cl 7.47) and are payable in money or land; heritage and environmental rules increase compliance costs (cl 5.10, cl 7.6, cl 5.21).  \n\n- It concentrates some project‑level benefits and constraints: specific map areas and site clauses (Part 7 and Sch 1) create concentrated advantages or restrictions for particular landowners. Those site‑specific clauses can raise land value for some owners or limit uses for others.\n\n- It creates administrative discretion and compliance burden: the consent authority (Council) has significant judgment (e.g. design excellence cl 7.5, exceptions cl 4.6), DCP requirements introduce further process and technical studies (cl 6.6, multiple cll in Part 7), and the plan cross‑references many State instruments and technical manuals (cl 1.9, cl 5.21). That increases the cost, time and uncertainty of obtaining consent.\n\n**Key trade‑offs, implementation risks and concrete costs (with clauses cited)**\n\n- Benefit claimed: guide sustainable growth and protect heritage/environment (see aims cl 1.2).  \n  Trade‑offs/costs: higher application costs, additional design, heritage and environmental assessments (cl 5.10, cl 7.6), and infrastructure staging obligations (cl 6.5–6.6). These raise the upfront cost of private development and slow delivery.\n\n- Benefit claimed: concentrate growth in the city centre and near transport (cl 1.2(e), cl 7.1(f)).  \n  Trade‑offs/costs: denser development is enabled through FSR and height controls (cl 4.4, cl 7.5A) but linked to design excellence and car‑parking, separation and sun‑access rules (cl 7.5, cl 7.3, cl 7.4, cl 7.2) which impose design constraints and potentially additional building cost.\n\n- Benefit claimed: enable consistent local outcomes while allowing flexibility (exceptions cl 4.6).  \n  Trade‑offs/costs: exceptions create administrative discretion and legal complexity (records required under cl 4.6(4)), increasing litigation and compliance monitoring risk.\n\n- Specific change to private contractual rights: clause 1.9A suspends some private covenants where they would prevent development consistent with the Plan (subject to carve‑outs). That reduces the enforceability of certain private restraints but expressly preserves Crown, Council and some statutory instruments.\n\n**Who pays, who decides, effect on market actors (brief)**\n\n- Developers/owners typically pay for compliance costs, required infrastructure staging or dedication, affordable housing contributions (cl 7.47), and any works required by conservation/heritage conditions (cl 5.10).  \n- The Council decides most applications (cl 1.6) and also prepares DCPs (cl 6.6); State agencies have overriding policy instruments and referral roles where specified (cl 1.9, cl 5.1, cl 7.17).  \n- Effect on business/competition: the Plan allows a wide mix of employment and retail uses in employment zones (cl 2.1, Land Use Table), but also imposes site‑specific floor area caps and location limits (e.g. cl 7.23, 7.30, 7.41, Sch 1 items) that can restrict large‑format retail or concentrate opportunities in particular precincts.\n\n**Practical compliance checkpoints for a developer or owner**\n\n- Identify the zones and all applicable maps for the land (Land Zoning Map, Height, FSR, Lot Size, Key Sites, Heritage Map) — cl 2.2, cl 4.3, cl 4.4, cl 4.1.  \n- Check whether the use is exempt, complying or needs consent (cl 3.1–3.2; Sch 2–3).  \n- Confirm overlay controls: heritage (cl 5.10), flood (cl 5.21–5.22), public bushland (cl 5.23), acid sulfate soils (cl 7.7), airport/airspace (cl 7.17–7.18).  \n- If development exceeds a standard, prepare a written environmental planning grounds case per cl 4.6 and the Regulation requirement noted in that clause.  \n\n(References in parentheses are to the clause numbers in the Plan.)"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008","history":"/api/acts/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008/history","analysis":"/api/acts/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/liverpool-local-environmental-plan-2008/documents"}}