{"id":"legal-profession-admission-rules-2007","name":"LEGAL PROFESSION ADMISSION RULES 2007","slug":"legal-profession-admission-rules-2007","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"nt","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":176936,"registerId":"nt-legal-profession-admission-rules-2007-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary matters","content":"Part 1 Preliminary matters\n1 Citation\nThese Rules may be cited as the Legal Profession Admission\nRules 2007.\nPart 2 Interpretation\n2 Definitions\nIn these Rules:\narticled clerk means a person serving under articles.\narticles means articles of clerkship.\nBoard means the Admission Board.\ncertificate of good fame and character, see rule 3.\ncompetency standards, see Schedule 4, item 5.\nCourt means the Supreme Court.\nlocal applicant means a person applying for admission to the legal\nprofession on the basis of academic qualifications and practical\ntraining and experience obtained in Australia.\noverseas applicant, see rule 12.\nprincipal, for an articled clerk, means the person with whom the\narticled clerk enters into articles.\nregistered, for an overseas applicant, see section 170 of the Act.\n\nPart 2 Interpretation\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 2\n3 Certificate of good fame and character\n(1) A certificate of good fame and character for an applicant may be\ngiven by a person:\n(a) who is of standing in the community; and\n(b) who has known the applicant for at least 3 years; and\n(c) who is not closely related to the applicant by blood or\nmarriage.\n(2) The certificate must:\n(a) specify the name, address and occupation of the person\ngiving the certificate; and\n(b) specify the period during which, and the circumstances in\nwhich, the person giving the certificate has known the\napplicant; and\n(c) acknowledge any matter that might adversely affect the\nquestion of whether the applicant is a fit and proper person to\nbe admitted; and\n(d) specify whether, in the opinion of the person giving the\ncertificate, the applicant is of good fame and character.\nExample for subrule (2)(c)\nIf the applicant has been convicted of an offence, the certificate must specify the\nperson giving the certificate is aware of the conviction.\n(3) In this rule:\napplicant means a person applying:\n(a) to the Court under Part 4 for admission as a local lawyer; or\n(b) to the Board under Part 6 for approval of entry into articles.\n4 Approved academic qualifications\n(1) For section 10(1) of the Act, the approved academic qualifications\nfor admission is the completion of a tertiary academic course in\nAustralia, whether or not leading to a degree in law, that:\n(a) includes the equivalent of at least 3 years full-time study of\nlaw; and\n\n","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Interpretation","content":"Part 2 Interpretation\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 3\n(b) subject to subrule (2), requires a satisfactory level of\nknowledge and understanding of the areas of knowledge\nspecified in Schedule 3.\n(2) If a local applicant has completed a tertiary academic course in\nAustralia that does not include the study of ethics and professional\nresponsibility, the applicant need not acquire a satisfactory level of\nknowledge and understanding of that area of knowledge but must\ndo so when completing the practical requirement for admission.\n5 Approved practical legal training requirements\n(1) For section 10(2) of the Act, the approved practical legal training\nrequirements for admission is the completion, at the level of\ncompetence required by the competency standards:\n(a) of a course approved by the Board; or\n(b) of:\n(i) at least one year of articles; and\n(ii) if required under rule 28 – a supplementary course\napproved by the Board.\n(2) Before approving a course or supplementary course for completion\nby a local applicant, the Board:\n(a) must have regard to Schedule 4, items 1 to 4; and\n(b) must be satisfied the course will provide the applicant with the\npractical training required to enable the applicant to achieve\nthe level of competence required by the competency\nstandards; and\n(c) may take into account that a corresponding authority in\nanother jurisdiction has recognised the particular course as\none which will enable an applicant for admission in that\njurisdiction to achieve the level of competence required by the\ncompetency standards.\n(3) Before approving a course the employer of an articled clerk offers\nthe clerk wholly or partly in-house, the Board may require the clerk's\nemployer or principal to provide the Board with the information\nnecessary to satisfy itself as required by subrule (2)(b).\n(4) In this rule:\ncourse means a course or program of practical legal training or\ntuition.\n\nPart 3 Local roll of lawyers and oath before admission\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 4\n","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Local roll of lawyers and oath before","content":"Part 3 Local roll of lawyers and oath before\nadmission\n6 Entries on roll\n(1) If a person who is admitted to the legal profession satisfies the\nRegistrar that the person intends to practise in the Territory\nexclusively as a barrister and independently of another legal\npractitioner, the Registrar must enter the appropriate notation with\nthe person's name on the local roll.\n(2) On written application by the barrister, the Registrar must remove\nthe notation entered with the barrister's name.\n7 Oath before admission\n(1) Before being admitted to the legal profession, a person must take\nan oath in the form in Schedule 1, administered by a judge of the\nCourt or a person specified in subrule (2) or (3).\n(2) If the person applies under the Mutual Recognition Act 1992 (Cth)\nto be registered in the Territory and elects not to appear in person\nbefore the Court to be admitted to the legal profession, the oath\nmust be administered by a Registrar of the Supreme Court of\nanother jurisdiction or another officer of that Court designated by\nthe Board.\n(3) If the person applies under the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition\nAct 1997 (Cth) to be registered in the Territory and elects not to\nappear in person before the Court to be admitted to the legal\nprofession, the oath must be administered by the Registrar of the\nHigh Court of New Zealand or another officer of that Court\ndesignated by the Board.\n(4) If the oath is administered under subrule (2) or (3), the signature on\nthe form in Schedule 2 of the officer who administered the oath is\nsufficient proof that the person taking the oath has complied with\nthe subrule.\n(5) A person who elects under subrule (2) or (3) not to appear in\nperson before the Court must, when taking the oath, sign the form\nin Schedule 2 for insertion in the local roll.\n(6) On signing the form, the person is taken to have signed the local\nroll.\n\nPart 4 Admission of local lawyers\nDivision 2 Local applicants\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 5\nPart 4 Admission of local lawyers\nDivision 1 Applications for admission as local lawyer\n8 Application by originating motion\nAn application to the Court for admission as a local lawyer must be\nmade by originating motion accompanied by the relevant affidavits\nand other documents specified in Division 2 or in a direction under\nDivision 3.\n9 Notice of application\nIf an application for admission as a local lawyer is made to the\nCourt, the Board:\n(a) must give notice of the application to the Law Society; and\n(b) may give notice of the application:\n(i) in the form of a public notice; or\n(ii) to any entities that, in the opinion of the Board, have an\ninterest in the application.\nDivision 2 Local applicants\n","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Affidavit and documents to accompany application","content":"10 Affidavit and documents to accompany application\n(1) An application for admission made by a local applicant must be\naccompanied by an affidavit:\n(a) specifying that the applicant is of good fame and character;\nand\n(b) addressing each of the other suitability matters specified in\nsection 11(1)(b) to (m) of the Act.\n(2) The following documents must be annexed to the affidavit:\n(a) evidence of the applicant's academic qualifications;\n(b) a certificate that the applicant has acquired a satisfactory level\nof knowledge and understanding of:\n(i) the areas of knowledge specified in Schedule 3; or\n(ii) if, as part of a course approved under rule 5, the\napplicant has completed training in both trust and office\naccounting and ethics and professional responsibility –\n\nPart 4 Admission of local lawyers\nDivision 3 Overseas applicants\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 6\nthe areas of knowledge specified in Schedule 3 except\nthe area of ethics and professional responsibility;\n(c) evidence of the applicant's practical training and experience;\n(d) certificates of good fame and character given by at least\n2 persons;\n(e) any other document relevant to the application.\n","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Section 31 declaration","content":"11 Section 31 declaration\n(1) An application to the Board under section 31(1) of the Act for early\nconsideration of the suitability of a person for admission must:\n(a) be made in the approved form; and\n(b) be accompanied by certificates of good fame and character of\nthe applicant given by at least 2 persons.\n(2) If the Board makes a declaration under section 31 of the Act, the\naffidavit accompanying the application for admission must:\n(a) specify:\n(i) a declaration under section 31 of the Act has been made\nby the Board for the applicant; and\n(ii) since the making of the declaration, nothing has\noccurred to adversely affect the question of whether the\napplicant is a fit and proper person to be admitted; and\n(b) have annexed:\n(i) a copy of the application under section 31(1) of the Act;\nand\n(ii) a copy of the declaration; and\n(iii) the documents specified in rule 10(2).\nDivision 3 Overseas applicants\n","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of Division","content":"12 Application of Division\nThis Division applies to the following persons (an overseas\napplicant):\n(a) a person who has completed in a foreign country a tertiary\nacademic course relevant to the legal profession;\n\nPart 4 Admission of local lawyers\nDivision 3 Overseas applicants\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 7\n(b) a person who is registered in a foreign country, other than\nNew Zealand.\n","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application for direction","content":"13 Application for direction\n(1) Before making an application for admission, the overseas applicant\nmust apply to the Board for directions as to whether the applicant is\nrequired to obtain further academic qualifications or practical\ntraining and experience in order to be eligible for admission to the\nlegal profession.\n(2) If the applicant is a person mentioned in rule 12(a), the applicant\nmust give the Board a statutory declaration:\n(a) specifying:\n(i) the nature and details of the applicant's academic\nqualifications and practical training and experience; and\n(ii) whether the applicant has applied for similar directions\nor for admission in another jurisdiction and, if so, the\nresult of the application; and\n(b) to which is annexed original or authenticated documentary\nevidence that the applicant has the academic qualifications\nand practical training and experience detailed.\n(3) If the applicant is a person mentioned in rule 12(b), the applicant\nmust give the Board a statutory declaration:\n(a) specifying:\n(i) the nature and details of the applicant's academic\nqualifications and practical training and experience; and\n(ii) the nature, range, duration and character of the\napplicant's practice in the foreign county; and\n(iii) whether the applicant has applied for similar directions\nor for admission in another jurisdiction and, if so, the\nresult of the application; and\n(iv) each of the matters required to be specified by\nsection 189(2) of the Act; and\n(b) to which is annexed:\n(i) original or authenticated documentary evidence that the\napplicant has the academic qualifications and practical\ntraining and experience detailed; and\n\nPart 4 Admission of local lawyers\nDivision 3 Overseas applicants\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 8\n(ii) original or authenticated documentary evidence of the\napplicant's registration in the foreign country.\n","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Directions by Board","content":"14 Directions by Board\n(1) In considering the application, the Board must ensure the\nqualifications, training and experience required of the applicant\nequate as closely as is reasonably practicable with those required\nof a local applicant.\n(2) After considering the application, the Board may:\n(a) refuse to give a direction if the overseas applicant has made a\nsimilar application or applied for admission in another\njurisdiction; or\n(b) give one of the following directions:\n(i) the applicant is required to obtain further practical legal\ntraining or experience or further academic qualifications\n(or both) as specified by the Board;\n(ii) the applicant may make an application for admission.\n(3) When giving a direction under subrule (2)(b), the Board may\nexempt the applicant from the requirements of:\n(a) section 29(1)(b) of the Act to the extent the applicant has\nengaged in relevant studies in the foreign country to the\nsatisfaction of the Board; and\n(b) section 29(1)(c) of the Act to the extent the applicant has\ncompleted a period of relevant service with a government\ndepartment or other government agency to the satisfaction of\nthe Board.\nExample for subrule (3)(b)\nRelevant service includes service in courts administration.\n(4) If the Board gives a direction that the applicant may apply for\nadmission, the Board must give the applicant directions about:\n(a) the affidavit; and\n(b) any documents the applicant is required to give to the Court\nwith the application.\n\n","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Admission of local lawyers","content":"Part 4 Admission of local lawyers\n","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"Div 3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Overseas applicants","content":"Division 3 Overseas applicants\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 9\n","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Board may make further inquiries","content":"15 Board may make further inquiries\n(1) To assist the Board to give appropriate directions to the overseas\napplicant, the Board may make the inquiries it considers\nappropriate about any of the following matters:\n(a) the system of jurisprudence of the foreign country in which the\napplicant obtained qualifications or is registered (or both);\n(b) the applicant's academic qualifications;\n(c) the nature and adequacy of the applicant's training and\nexperience in legal practice;\n(d) the applicant's suitability to be admitted to the legal\nprofession.\n(2) If the Board considers it appropriate, it may submit the results of its\ninquiries to any of the following persons or bodies for advice on any\nof the matters mentioned in subrule (1):\n(a) the Attorney-General or the Solicitor-General for the Territory;\n(b) the Dean or Associate Dean of a Faculty or School of Law;\n(c) a corresponding authority in Australia;\n(d) a committee appointed by the Board to give that advice.\n","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Knowledge of English language required","content":"16 Knowledge of English language required\n(1) This rule applies to an overseas applicant whose first language is\nnot English.\n(2) Subject to subrule (3), the overseas applicant must satisfy the\nBoard that, within 2 years immediately preceding the date of the\napplication for admission, the applicant:\n(a) completed the IELTS Test; and\n(b) obtained at least the specified score for each of the following\ncomponents of the IELTS Test:\n(i) 8.0 for writing;\n(ii) 7.5 for speaking;\n(iii) 7.0 for reading;\n(iv) 7.0 for listening.\n\nPart 5 Disclosure of matters affecting suitability for admission\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 10\n(3) The Board may exempt the applicant from the requirements of\nsubrule (2) if the applicant satisfies the Board that:\n(a) the applicant:\n(i) completed the IELTS Test and obtained the scores\nrequired by subrule (2)(b) earlier than 2 years\nimmediately preceding the date of the application for\nadmission; and\n(ii) since completing the IELTS Test, has continuously held\na practising certificate and continuously been engaged in\nlegal practice in a country where English is the native or\nfirst language; or\n(b) the applicant:\n(i) has, in a country where English is the native or first\nlanguage, undertaken both of the following:\n(A) the final 2 years of secondary education;\n(B) a tertiary academic course, taught in the English\nlanguage, to obtain the academic qualifications on\nwhich the applicant relies for admission; and\n(ii) was resident in the country for the whole of the period of\nstudy undertaken in accordance with subparagraph (i).\n(4) The applicant must meet the costs of completing an IELTS Test\nand providing the Board with evidence of compliance with this rule.\n(5) In this rule:\nIELTS Test means the International English Language Testing\nSystem Academic Module Test.\n","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"Part 5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Disclosure of matters affecting suitability for","content":"Part 5 Disclosure of matters affecting suitability for\nadmission\n","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"17 Definitions\nIn this Part:\nexcluded offence means:\n(a) an offence for which the criminal record is a spent record; or\n\nPart 6 Articles of clerkship\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 11\n(b) an offence for which:\n(i) a person has been convicted in another jurisdiction; and\n(ii) the criminal record would be a spent record had the\nperson been similarly convicted in the Territory; or\n(c) an offence that is spent as defined in section 85ZM(2) of the\nCrimes Act 1914 (Cth);\n(d) an offence under the Traffic Act 1987 other than an offence for\nwhich the maximum penalty is a term of imprisonment; or\n(e) an offence relating to the parking of a motor vehicle.\noffence includes a tax offence.\nspent record, see section 3(1) of the Criminal Records (Spent\nConvictions) Act 1992.\n","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Convictions that must be disclosed","content":"18 Convictions that must be disclosed\n(1) An application under these Rules for admission to the legal\nprofession or for a declaration under section 31 of the Act, must\ndisclose if the applicant has been convicted of an offence, other\nthan an excluded offence.\nNote for subrule (1)\nA conviction does not include a situation in which a person is issued with an\ninfringement notice and the person has expiated the offence by payment of the\npenalty shown on the notice.\n(2) Subrule (1):\n(a) applies to a conviction even if other persons are prohibited\nfrom disclosing the identity of the offender; and\n(b) extends to an offence committed before the commencement\nof these Rules.\nPart 6 Articles of clerkship\n","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Entry into articles","content":"19 Entry into articles\n(1) A person may enter into articles with any of the following persons:\n(a) a local legal practitioner who holds a current unrestricted\npractising certificate and is practising as a solicitor or as a\nbarrister and solicitor;\n\nPart 6 Articles of clerkship\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 12\n(b) the Chief Executive Officer of the department primarily\nresponsible to the Minister administering the Act;\n(c) the Director of Public Prosecutions as defined in the Director\nof Public Prosecutions Act 1990\n(d) the Director of Legal Aid as defined in the Legal Aid Act 1990;\n(e) an AGS lawyer as defined in section 55I of the Judiciary\nAct 1903 (Cth) acting in that capacity;\n(f) the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions as defined\nin the Director of Public Prosecutions Act 1983 (Cth) or a\nperson nominated by the Director and approved by the Board.\n(2) A person who has entered or is about to enter into articles with a\nperson mentioned in subrule (1) must apply to the Board for\napproval to do so.\n(3) The application for approval must be in accordance with the form\napproved by the Board and accompanied by the documents\nspecified in rule 20.\n(4) The Board may approve the entry into articles only if the Board is\nsatisfied:\n(a) the applicant has attained the approved academic\nqualifications for admission specified in rule 4; and\n(b) the applicant is of good fame and character; and\n(c) the person with whom the applicant proposes to enter or has\nentered into articles is a person mentioned in subrule (1); and\n(d) the articles or proposed articles, together with any\nsupplementary course required under rule 28(1), will enable\nthe applicant to achieve the level of competence required by\nthe competency standards.\n","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Documents to accompany application for approval","content":"20 Documents to accompany application for approval\n(1) An application for approval of entry into articles must be\naccompanied by:\n(a) evidence of the applicant's academic qualifications; and\n(b) a certificate that the applicant has acquired a satisfactory level\nof knowledge and understanding of the areas of knowledge\nspecified in Schedule 3; and\n\nPart 6 Articles of clerkship\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 13\n(c) certificates of good fame and character of the applicant given\nby at least 2 persons; and\n(d) a copy of the articles or proposed articles.\n(2) The Board may require the applicant to provide one or more\nadditional certificates of good fame and character of the applicant if\nthe Board considers the circumstances warrant it.\n","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Articles to be lodged with Board","content":"21 Articles to be lodged with Board\nA person who enters into articles must lodge the articles with the\nSecretary to the Board not later than 14 days after the date on\nwhich the articles are signed or within a further time allowed by the\nBoard.\n","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Effective date of articles and period of service","content":"22 Effective date of articles and period of service\n(1) Subject to subrule (2), the effective date of articles is the date the\narticles are signed.\n(2) If articles are signed more than 90 days before the date on which\nthe Board approves the entry into articles, the effective date of the\narticles is 90 days before the date of approval.\n(3) If articles are entered into before an application for approval is\nmade under rule 19 and the Board refuses to give approval, the\narticles have no effect under these Rules.\n(4) Articles are taken to contain a provision requiring the articled clerk\nto render service in accordance with the articles for 12 months from\nthe effective date but the Court may, on application, order that the\nperiod of service be reduced.\n(5) If a person has rendered service as an associate or a clerk to a\nJudge, the period for which the person is required to serve under\narticles is reduced by the lesser of the following periods:\n(a) a period equal to one-half of the service as an associate or\nclerk to the Supreme Court Judge;\n(b) 6 months.\n","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Certain principals not to have more than 2 articled clerks","content":"23 Certain principals not to have more than 2 articled clerks\nA person mentioned in rule 19(1)(a) must not be the principal of\nmore than 2 articled clerks at the same time.\n\n","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"Part 6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Articles of clerkship","content":"Part 6 Articles of clerkship\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 14\n","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Additional training during service under articles","content":"24 Additional training during service under articles\nWith the prior approval of the Board, an articled clerk may receive\ntuition or training from a person mentioned in rule 19(1) in addition\nto the tuition or training received from the articled clerk's principal.\n","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Assignment of articles","content":"25 Assignment of articles\n(1) Articles may be assigned to a person mentioned in rule 19(1) if all\nparties consent to the assignment and the Board gives its approval.\n(2) The articled clerk must lodge the assignment with the Secretary to\nthe Board not later than 14 days after the date the assignment is\nsigned or within the further time allowed by the Board.\n","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"26","sectionType":"section","heading":"New articles","content":"26 New articles\n(1) This rule applies to an articled clerk if, before the end of the period\nduring which the clerk is required to serve under articles (the\noriginal articles):\n(a) the principal dies or ceases to practise as a solicitor or as a\nbarrister and solicitor; or\n(b) the articled clerk is otherwise unable to complete service\nunder the original articles.\n(2) The clerk may enter into articles (the new articles) with another\nperson mentioned in rule 19(1) if the Board gives its approval.\n(3) The new articles must contain a provision requiring the articled\nclerk to render service in accordance with the new articles for a\nperiod equal to the remaining period of service under the original\narticles.\n(4) The clerk must lodge the new articles with the Secretary to the\nBoard not later than 14 days after the date the new articles are\nsigned or within a further time allowed by the Board.\n","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Certificate of completion of clerkship","content":"27 Certificate of completion of clerkship\n(1) If at the end of an articled clerk's period of service the articled clerk\nrequests it, the principal must give the articled clerk a certificate\nspecifying whether, in the principal's opinion:\n(a) the service of the articled clerk was satisfactory throughout the\nperiod of service; and\n(b) the articled clerk attained the level of competence required by\nthe competency standards.\n\nPart 7 Repeal and transitional matters\nDivision 1 Repeal and transitional matters for Legal Profession Admission Rules\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 15\n(2) If the principal states that the service of the articled clerk was not\nsatisfactory throughout the whole period of service, or that the\narticled clerk did not achieve the level of competence required by\nthe competency standards, the principal must include the reasons\nfor the statement.\n","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Requirement to complete supplementary course","content":"28 Requirement to complete supplementary course\n(1) The Board may require an articled clerk to complete a\nsupplementary course approved by the Board.\n(2) To assist the Board in deciding whether to require an articled clerk\nto complete a supplementary course, the Board may require the\narticled clerk or the articled clerk's employer or principal to give to\nthe Board details of:\n(a) the nature and scope of the legal work undertaken, or likely to\nbe undertaken, by the articled clerk during articles; and\n(b) the extent of the supervision and training provided or intended\nto be provided to the articled clerk.\nPart 7 Repeal and transitional matters\nDivision 1 Repeal and transitional matters for Legal\nProfession Admission Rules\n29 Definitions\nIn this Division:\ncommencement date means the date on which these Rules\ncommence.\nrepealed rules means the Legal Practitioners Admission\nRules 2003 as in force immediately before the commencement\ndate.\n","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Repeal","content":"30 Repeal\nThe following subordinate legislation is repealed:\n(a) Legal Practitioners Admission Rules 2003 (Subordinate\nLegislation No. 58 of 2003);\n(b) Legal Practitioners Admission Amendment Rules 2005\n(Subordinate Legislation No. 40 of 2005).\n\n","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"Part 7","sectionType":"part","heading":"Repeal and transitional matters","content":"Part 7 Repeal and transitional matters\nDivision 2 Transitional matters for Legal Profession Admission Amendment Rules 2015\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 16\n","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"31","sectionType":"section","heading":"Admission and articles","content":"31 Admission and articles\n(1) The repealed Rules continue to apply in relation to the following\nmatters as if these Rules had not commenced:\n(a) an application for admission to practise made under Part 3,\n","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"Div 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"of the repealed Rules that has not been dealt with","content":"Division 1 of the repealed Rules that has not been dealt with\nby the Court before the commencement date;\n(b) an application for directions made under Part 3, Division 3 of\nthe repealed Rules that has not been dealt with by the Board\nbefore the commencement date;\n(c) an application for admission to the legal profession made\nunder these Rules after the commencement date by a person\nwho applied for directions mentioned in paragraph (b).\n(2) If a person considers he or she has suffered special prejudice as a\nresult of the commencement of these Rules, the person may apply\nto the Court for relief and the Court may make the orders it\nconsiders appropriate in the circumstances.\n","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"Div 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Transitional matters for Legal Profession","content":"Division 2 Transitional matters for Legal Profession\nAdmission Amendment Rules 2015\n","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"32","sectionType":"section","heading":"Special prejudice","content":"32 Special prejudice\n(1) If a person considers that the person has suffered special prejudice\nas a result of the commencement of the amending Rules, the\nperson may apply to the Court for relief and the Court may make\nthe orders it considers appropriate in the circumstances.\n(2) In this rule:\namending Rules means the Legal Profession Admission\nAmendment Rules 2015.\n\nSchedule 1\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 17\nSchedule 1\nrule 7(1)\nOATH\nI, [full name], [promise/swear etc. as required by Oaths, Affidavits and Declarations\nAct 2010] that I will well and honestly conduct myself in the practice of my\nprofession as a lawyer of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory\naccording to the best of my knowledge and ability.\n[So help me God! or as appropriate]\n\nSchedule 2\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 18\nSchedule 2\nrule 7(4) and (5)\nROLL OF LAWYERS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE NORTHERN\nTERRITORY\nI, [full name], sign the Roll of Lawyers of the Supreme Court of the Northern\nTerritory.\nDated\nSIGNATURE DO NOT DETACH LABEL\n[Adhesive Label]\nThis signature is of no effect until the order of the Board has been made and\nthe signature inserted in the Roll by the Registrar.\nOath administered and signing of the Roll witnessed\nDated\nSigned: Principal Registrar/Registrar/Designated Officer\n[Stamp]\n\nSchedule 3\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 19\nSchedule 3\nrule 4(1)(b)\nACADEMIC REQUIREMENT – AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE\nAlthough topics are grouped for convenience under the headings of particular\nareas of knowledge, there is no implication that a topic needs to be taught in a\nsubject covering the area of knowledge in the heading rather than in another\nsuitable subject.\nCRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE\n1. Definition of crime.\n2. Elements of crime.\n3. Aims of the criminal law.\n4. Homicide and defences.\n5. Non-fatal offences against the person and defences.\n6. Offences against property.\n7. General doctrines.\n8. Selected topics chosen from:\nattempts\nparticipation in crime\ndrunkenness\nmistake\nstrict responsibility.\n9. Elements of criminal procedure. Selected topics chosen from:\nclassification of offences\nprocess to compel appearance\nbail\npreliminary examination\ntrial of indictable offences.\nOR\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe topics should provide knowledge of the general doctrines of the criminal\nlaw and in particular examination of offences against both the person and\nproperty. Selective treatment should also be given to various defences and to\nelements of criminal procedure.\n\nSchedule 3\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 20\nTORTS\n1. Negligence, including defences.\n2. A representative range of torts (other than negligence) and their\ndefences.\n3. Damages.\n4. Concurrent liability.\n5. Compensation schemes.\nOR\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe potential compass of this area is so large that considerable variation\nmight be anticipated. At the very least, there should be a study of negligence\nand of a representative range of torts, with some consideration of defences\nand damages and of alternative methods of providing compensation for\naccidental injury. Examples of these topics are: concurrent liability;\ndefamation; economic torts; nuisance; breach of statutory duty; compensation\nschemes.\nCONTRACTS\n1. Formation, including capacity, formalities, privity and consideration.\n2. Content and construction of contract.\n3. Vitiating factors.\n4. Discharge.\n5. Remedies.\n6. Assignment.\nOR\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nSome variation may be expected in the breadth and detail of the topics. In\ngeneral, however, knowledge of the formal requirements, including contracts,\ncapacity, the content and interpretation of contracts, their performance and\ndischarge, available remedies, together with an understanding of the broad\ntheoretical basis of contract, would be expected.\n\nSchedule 3\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 21\nPROPERTY\n1. Meaning and purposes of the concept of property.\n2. Possession, seisin and title.\n3. Nature and type (i.e. fragmentation) of proprietary interests.\n4. Creation and enforceability of proprietary interests.\n5. Legal and equitable remedies.\n6. Statutory schemes of registration.\n7. Acquisition and disposal of proprietary interests.\n8. Concurrent ownership.\n9. Proprietary interests in land owned by another.\n10. Mortgages.\nOR\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe topics should provide knowledge of the nature and type of various\nproprietary interests in chattels and land, and their creation and relative\nenforceability at law and in equity. Statutory schemes of registration for both\ngeneral law land and Torrens land should be included. A variety of other\ntopics might be included, e.g. fixtures; concurrent interests; more detailed\ntreatment of such matters as sale of land, leases, mortgages, easements and\nrestrictive covenants.\nEQUITY\n1. Nature of equity.\n2. Equitable rights, titles and interests.\n3. Equitable assignments.\n4. Estoppel in equity.\n5. Fiduciary obligations.\n6. Unconscionable transactions.\n7. Equitable remedies.\n8. Trusts, with particular reference to the various types of trusts and the\nmanner and form of their creation and variation. The duties, rights and\npowers of trustees should be included, as should the consequences of\nbreach of trust and the remedies available to, and respective rights of,\nbeneficiaries. (It is expected that about half the course will be devoted\nto trusts.)\nOR\n\nSchedule 3\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 22\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe topics should cover the elements of trust law, equitable doctrines apart\nfrom those relating to trusts, and equitable remedies. The following aspects of\ntrusts law should be dealt with: various kinds of trusts; the rights, duties and\npowers of trustees; the consequences of breach of trust. Apart from trusts,\nthe following equitable doctrines might be covered: fiduciary obligations;\nequitable assignments; unconscionability; confidential information. The\nremedies of specific performance, injunction, declaration and damages in\nequity should be included. (It is expected that about half the course will be\ndevoted to trusts.)\nCOMPANY LAW\n1. Corporate personality.\n2. Incorporation process.\n3. Corporate constitution.\n4. Company contracts.\n5. Administration of companies and management of the business of\ncompanies.\n6. Duties and liabilities of directors and officers.\n7. Share capital and membership.\n8. Members' remedies.\n9. Company credit and security arrangements.\n10. Winding up of companies.\nOR\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe topics should include the following: an analysis of incorporation and its\neffects; management and control of a company; the various methods of\nfinancing – by the issue of shares and debt; the processes of winding up a\ncompany.\nADMINISTRATIVE LAW\n1. Organisation and structure of the administration.\n2. Administrative law theory.\n3. Common law and statutory avenues of judicial review at\nCommonwealth and State or Territory level.\n4. Grounds of judicial review.\n5. Remedies.\n6. Crown immunity.\n7. Administrative Appeals Tribunal.\n8. Statutory review.\n9. Freedom of information.\nOR\n\nSchedule 3\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 23\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe topics should not only embrace traditional common law remedies\nconcerning judicial review of administrative action, but should also cover the\nrange of Commonwealth and State or Territory statutory regimes.\nCOMMONWEALTH, STATE AND TERRITORY CONSTITUTIONAL LAW\n1. State and Territory constitutions and constitutional systems.\n2. The Commonwealth Constitution and constitutional system.\n3. The constitution and operation of the legislature, executive and\njudiciary.\n4. The relationship between the different institutions of government and\nthe separation of powers.\n5. The relationship between the different levels of government.\nOR\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe topics should include knowledge of the major principles of both the\nrelevant State or Territory Constitution and the Commonwealth Constitution,\nincluding the relationship between the different Commonwealth and State or\nTerritory laws. A general knowledge of the scope of both State or Territory\nand Commonwealth Constitutions is required, although the topics will differ in\nthe depth of treatment of specific heads of power, particularly in the\nCommonwealth sphere.\nCIVIL PROCEDURE\n1. Court adjudication under an adversary system.\n2. The cost of litigation and the use of costs to control litigation.\n3. Service of originating process, as foundation of jurisdiction, including\nservice out of the relevant State or Territory and choice of forum.\n4. Joinder of claims and parties, including group proceedings and the\ndefence of prior adjudication as instances of the public interest in\navoiding a multiplicity of proceedings and inconsistent verdicts.\n5. Defining the questions for trial – pleadings, notices to admit and other\ndevices.\n6. Obtaining evidence – discovery of documents, interrogatories,\nsubpoena and other devices.\n7. Disposition without trial, including the compromise of litigation.\n8. Extra judicial determination of issues arising in the course of litigation.\n9. Judgment.\n10. Appeal.\n11. Enforcement.\nOR\n\nSchedule 3\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 24\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe topics should embrace the general study of rules of civil procedure\nrelevant in the State or Territory. Rules concerning the following should all be\nincluded: jurisdiction; the initiation and service of process; the definition of\nissues through pleadings; judgment; enforcement.\nEVIDENCE\n1. Introduction.\n2. Competence and compellability.\n3. Privilege.\n4. The examination of witnesses.\n5. Disposition and character.\n6. Similar fact evidence.\n7. The accused as a witness.\n8. Burden and standard of proof.\n9. Documentary evidence.\n10. Hearsay:\nthe exclusionary rule\nthe common law and statutory exceptions.\n12. Admissions and confessions in criminal cases.\n13. Illegally obtained evidence and confirmation by subsequent fact.\n14. Res gestae.\n15. Corroboration.\nOR\nTopics of sufficient breadth and depth to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe topics should include examination of both the sources and acceptability of\nevidence, including rules concerning the burden and standard of proof and\ntechnical rules concerning such matters as hearsay, admissions and\nconfessions, illegally obtained evidence and res gestae.\nETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY\nProfessional and personal conduct in respect of a legal practitioner's duty to:\n(a) the law; and\n(b) the Courts; and\n(c) clients, including a basic knowledge of the principles relating to the\nholding of money on trust; and\n(d) fellow legal practitioners.\nOR\n\nSchedule 3\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 25\nTopics of such breadth and depth as to satisfy the following guidelines.\nThe topics should include knowledge of the various pertinent rules concerning\na legal practitioner's duty to the law, the Courts, clients and fellow legal\npractitioners and a basic knowledge of the principles relating to the holding of\nmoney on trust.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 26\nSchedule 4\nrule 5\nPRACTICAL LEGAL TRAINING COMPETENCY STANDARDS\nFOR ENTRY LEVEL LAWYERS\n1 BACKGROUND\nIn 2002, Admitting Authorities finally endorsed proposed national\nPractical Legal Training Competency Standards for Entry-level\nLawyers, which were recommended to them by the Law Admissions\nConsultative Committee (LACC).\nThe Standards had been jointly developed by the Australasian Practical\nLegal Education Council (APLEC) and LACC and sought to describe\nthe observable performance in several key areas relating to legal\npractice, required of entry level lawyers at the point of admission to the\nlegal profession.\nSubsequent changes in both the training of lawyers and legal practice\nled LACC in 2010 to seek the assistance of APLEC and other\nstakeholders to undertake a review of the Standards. APLEC\nundertook a review, which was completed in 2013 following extensive\nconsultation. This Schedule is based on suggestions made by APLEC,\nas a result of that review.\nOne of the most significant changes in the intervening years is that, in\nseveral jurisdictions, many intending lawyers now obtain their PLT\nqualifications through PLT courses, conducted by PLT providers, rather\nthan through serving a period as an articled clerk, to which service the\nStandards did not apply. In other jurisdictions, instead of articles,\nintending legal practitioners can choose either to undertake a PLT\ncourse or to engage in SWT in a legal office. In one jurisdiction,\nintending lawyers still undertake articles but also are required to\nundertake a program of assessment conducted by a PLT provider, to\nassess whether they have attained each of the prescribed\ncompetencies. Whichever form of PLT is now followed, all applicants\nare required to demonstrate that they have attained prescribed\ncompetence in the Skills, Practice Areas and Values summarised in\nitem 3 and set out in detail in item 5 below.\nAnother significant change is that, since 2000, all jurisdictions other\nthan the Australian Capital Territory have developed means of\naccrediting and monitoring PLT courses and the performance of PLT\nproviders. In those jurisdictions which allow SWT, means of approving\nand monitoring performance of SWT providers are also being\ndeveloped.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 27\nSuch procedures enhance the possibility that entry level lawyers will all\nhave attained the various competencies prescribed by, or under, this\nSchedule.\n2 INTERPRETATION\n2.1 Definitions\nIn this Schedule:\nAdmitting Authority means the body responsible in a jurisdiction for\napproving the content of either or both of PLT courses and SWT.\napplicant means an applicant for admission to the legal profession.\nPLT means Practical Legal Training.\nPLT course means a PLT course approved by an Admitting Authority,\nconducted by a PLT provider.\nPLT provider means a body authorised by an Admitting Authority of a\njurisdiction to provide a PLT course in that jurisdiction.\nprogrammed training means structured and supervised training\nactivities, research and tasks, each with comprehensive assessment.\nState includes a Territory.\nSWT means supervised workplace training and includes articles of\nclerkship.\nSWT provider means a body providing SWT in a jurisdiction.\nworkplace experience means supervised employment in a legal\noffice, or supervised paid or unpaid placement in a law or law-related\nenvironment.\n2.2 Interpretation of item 5\nThe following principles apply when interpreting item 5:\n(a) An Element describes a relevant competence that an applicant\nis required to demonstrate in relation to the relevant prescribed\nSkill, Practice Area or Value.\n(b) A Performance criterion sets out an activity by reference to\nwhich an applicant's achievement of an appropriate level of\ncompetence in the corresponding Element may be\ndemonstrated. An applicant may, however, demonstrate the\nrequisite achievement in relation to an Element:\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 28\n(i) by attaining some, but not all, of the relevant Performance\ncriteria nominated in item 5 for that Element; and\n(ii) by attaining equivalent Performance criteria in the course of\nundertaking another Practice Area set out in item 5.\n(c) Where a Performance criterion refers to an action which can\nonly be performed by a person who has both been admitted to\nthe legal profession and holds a practising certificate, the\nrequisite competency may be demonstrated by satisfactorily\ncompleting a simulated exercise offered, and assessed in\naccordance with item 4.5(a), by a PLT provider or SWT provider.\n(d) Where a Performance criterion provides for a competency to be\ndemonstrated by observing something:\n(i) the entry level lawyer must document in writing and\ncritically evaluate what has been observed; and\n(ii) the resulting record must be assessed by the relevant PLT\nprovider or SWT provider in accordance with item 4.5(a),\nbefore the relevant Performance criterion can be satisfied.\n(e) The expression of particular Elements, Performance criteria or\nExplanatory Notes in relation to a Skill, Practice Area or Value is\nnot intended either:\n(i) to limit the way in which that Skill, Practice Area or Value is\ntaught; or\n(ii) to prevent either wider or more detailed training in that Skill,\nPractice Area or Value.\n3 REQUIREMENTS FOR APPLICANTS FOR ADMISSION\n3.1 Required competencies\n(a) Every applicant is required to satisfy the Admitting Authority that\nthe applicant has achieved the prescribed competence in the\nSkills, Compulsory and Optional Practice Areas and Values set\nout in item 5 and summarised as follows:\nSkills\nLawyer's Skills\nProblem Solving\nTrust and Office Accounting\nWork Management and Business Skills\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 29\nCompulsory Practice Areas\nCivil Litigation Practice\nCommercial and Corporate Practice\nProperty Law Practice\nOptional Practice Areas\nSubject to paragraph (b), any 2 of:\nAdministrative Law Practice\nBanking and Finance\nConsumer Law Practice\nCriminal Law Practice\nEmployment and Industrial Relations Practice\nFamily Law Practice\nPlanning and Environmental Law Practice\nWills and Estates Practice\nValues\nEthics and Professional Responsibility\n(b) Paragraph (a) applies to every applicant who has undertaken\nPLT in Australia, whether by completing a PLT course,\nundertaking SWT, or any combination of the 2 approved by the\nrelevant Admitting Authority.\n3.2 When PLT may be commenced\n(a) An applicant may commence PLT:\n(i) if SWT – only after the applicant has completed an\nacademic qualification in law leading to admission to the\nlegal profession; or\n(ii) if a PLT course that is not integrated with the applicant's\nacademic qualification in law – only after the applicant has\ncompleted an academic qualification in law leading to\nadmission to the legal profession, unless the applicant has\nno more than 2 academic subjects to complete:\n(A) neither of which is one of the academic requirements\nfor admission; and\n(B) for which the applicant must be enrolled while\nundertaking the PLT course;\nand the applicant has received the prior permission of the\nAdmitting Authority to commence the PLT course.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 30\n(b) Despite paragraph (a), an applicant may undertake an\nintegrated program of academic study and PLT that:\n(i) requires the equivalent of three years' full-time academic\nstudy of law, apart from the time required to undertake the\nPLT components of the program; and\n(ii) has been recognised by the relevant Admitting Authority for\nthe purposes of preparing students for admission to the\nlegal profession.\n4 REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH FORM OF PLT\n4.1 Programmed training and workplace experience\nPLT must comprise both programmed training and workplace\nexperience as follows:\n(a) for a graduate diploma:\n(i) programmed training appropriate to the diploma; and\n(ii) the equivalent of at least 15 days' workplace experience;\n(b) for a training course other than a graduate diploma – the\nequivalent of at least 900 hours' duration, comprising:\n(i) at least 450 hours' of programmed training; and\n(ii) at least 15 days' workplace experience;\n(c) for SWT – the equivalent of at least 12 months' full-time work\nwhich includes a minimum of at least 90 hours' of programmed\ntraining.\nFor the purposes of paragraphs (a) and (b), one day comprises\n7 working hours.\n4.2 Common requirements\nThe requirements in items 4.3 to 4.6 apply to both PLT courses and\nSWT.\n4.3 Level of training\nPLT must be provided at a level equivalent to post-graduate training\nand build on the academic knowledge, skills and values about the law,\nthe legal system and legal practice which a graduate of a first tertiary\nqualification in law should have acquired in the course of that\nqualification.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 31\n4.4 Qualification of instructors and supervisors\nA person instructing or supervising an applicant while acquiring\ncompetence in any Skill, Practice Area or Value must:\n(a) either have substantial current or recent experience in practising\nlaw or have comparable relevant qualifications or experience;\nand\n(b) comply with any other relevant legislative or regulatory\nrequirements in the relevant jurisdiction.\n4.5 Assessment of applicants\n(a) Each form of PLT must employ comprehensive methods,\nappropriate to post-graduate training, of:\n(i) assessing an applicant's competence; and\n(ii) certifying whether or not an applicant has demonstrated the\nrequisite level of competence;\nin each relevant Skill, Practice Area and Value.\n(b) Wherever practicable, an applicant's competence in any\nPractice Area should be assessed in a way that allows the\napplicant, at the same time, to further develop and to\ndemonstrate competence in, relevant Skills and Values.\n4.6 Resilience and wellbeing\nAll PLT providers and SWT providers should:\n(a) make applicants aware of the importance of personal resilience\nin dealing with the demands of legal practice; and\n(b) provide applicants with appropriate access to resources that will\nhelp them develop such resilience; and\n(c) provide applicants with information about how and where to\nseek help in identifying mental health difficulties and in dealing\nwith their effects; and\n(d) make applicants aware of the benefits of developing and\nmaintaining personal well-being in their professional and\npersonal lives; and\n(e) provide applicants with information about how and where to find\nresources to help them develop and maintain such well-being.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 32\n5 COMPETENCY STANDARDS\nItem 2.2 sets out particular principles in interpretation that apply to\nitems 5.1 to 5.16.\n5.1 Administrative Law Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer who practises in administrative\nlaw should be able to:\n(a) obtain information for clients under freedom of\ninformation legislation and otherwise; and\n(b) seek review of administrative decisions; and\n(c) represent parties before courts and administrative\ntribunals.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Obtaining\ninformation\n• identified whether \"freedom of information\" or\n\"right to information\" legislation applies to the\nsituation\n• identified the specific legislation under which\nthe information may be obtained\n• taken the steps required under that legislation\n• identified and taken any other practical steps\nrequired to obtain the information\n2 Obtaining review\nof administrative\ndecisions\n• concluded correctly that the decision may be\nreviewed\n• identified and advised the client, or\nparticipated in or observed discussions with\nthe client about, alternative means of\nobtaining a review\n• completed all preparation required by law,\ngood practice and the circumstances of the\nmatter\n• represented the client effectively at, or\nparticipated in or observed, any mediation,\nhearing or other review forum, where this is\nappropriate and permitted\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 33\n• identified all alternative means of obtaining\nredress and discussed them with the client\n3 Representing a\nclient\n• completed all preparation required by law,\ngood practice and the circumstances of the\nmatter\n• represented the client effectively at, or\nparticipated in or observed, any mediation,\nhearing or other proceeding, where this is\nappropriate or permitted\nExplanatory notes\nThis competency standard applies to both State and Federal\nadministrative law and practice and to proceedings before both State\nand Federal courts and tribunals.\nIn the Performance criteria for Elements 2 and 3, \"preparation\" includes\ndrafting written submissions.\n5.2 Banking and Finance\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer who practises in Banking and\nFinance should be able to demonstrate competence in\nadvising clients on some of the common ways to\nfinance commercial transactions and they should be\nable to demonstrate competence in drafting simple\nloan agreements and associated security documents,\nand in taking the actions required to perfect those\nsecurities.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Preliminary\ninvestigations\n• identified one or more ways of financing a\nborrower's proposal and identified the\nsecurities available to a financier in the\nsituation\n• undertaken any necessary preliminary\nsearches and inquiries to investigate issues of\nownership, title and the capacity of any party\nto enter into the proposed financial\narrangement\n• identified any consents to, or notifications of,\nthe proposed financial arrangement required\nby existing financial or contractual\narrangements\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 34\n• identified any requirements imposed on the\nfinancier by law, in respect of the proposed\nfinancial arrangement\n2 Planning • planned the steps to be taken to effect the\nproposed arrangement including identifying\nand recording any critical dates, identifying\nany necessary searches and inquiries and\nidentifying the required documentation\n3 Documentation • drafted the relevant loan and security\ndocuments\n• informed the borrower of their obligations in\nrelation to the arrangement including any\npersonal obligations under any guarantees\n• complied with any legislative requirements\nrelating to the proposed arrangement\n4 Due Diligence • undertaken any further searches and inquiries\nrequired and advised the client what experts\nneed to be engaged for due diligence\n(accountants etc.)\n5 Finalisation • had the transaction documentation executed,\nand (if necessary) stamped and registered\naccording to law and good practice\nExplanatory notes\nAn applicant may not demonstrate competence in this optional practice\narea by submitting the same or similar work, to work that the applicant\nsubmits to demonstrate competence in the Commercial and Corporate\nPractice area.\n5.3 Civil Litigation Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer should be able to conduct civil\nlitigation in first instance matters in at least one State\ncourt of general jurisdiction, in a timely and cost-\neffective manner.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Assessing the\nmerits of a case\nand identifying\ndispute\nresolution\n• assessed the strengths and weaknesses of\nboth the claimant's and opponent's cases\n• identified the facts and evidence required to\nsupport the claimant's case\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 35\nalternatives • advised the client of relevant rights and\nremedies in a way that a reasonable client\ncould understand\n• identified means of resolving the case, having\nregard to the client's circumstances\n• where possible, confirmed in writing any\ninstructions given by the client in response to\ninitial advice\n• identified and complied with the relevant\nlimitation period\n2 Advising on\ncosts of litigation\n• identified any litigation funding options and a\nmeans of reducing or recovering costs\n• identified alternative types of costs orders and\nhow they may be affected by formal and\ninformal offers of compromise and the manner\nof conducting the litigation\n• advised the client of relevant cost\nconsiderations in a way that a reasonable\nclient could understand\n3 Initiating and\nresponding to\nclaims\n• identified an appropriate claim or defence\n• identified a court of appropriate jurisdiction\n• identified the elements of the claim or defence\naccording to law\n• followed procedures for bringing the claim or\nmaking the defence in accordance with the\ncourt's rules and in a timely manner\n• drafted all necessary documents in\naccordance with those procedures\n4 Taking and\nresponding to\ninterlocutory and\ndefault\nproceedings\n• identified any need for interlocutory steps\naccording to the court's rules\n• followed procedures for taking those steps in\naccordance with the court's rules in a timely\nmanner\n• drafted all necessary documents in\naccordance with those procedures and rules\n5 Gathering and\npresenting\nevidence\n• identified issues likely to arise at the hearing\n• identified evidence needed to prove the\nclient's case or disprove the opponent's case,\naccording to the rules of evidence\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 36\n• identified various means of gathering evidence\nand used at least one of them to gather\nevidence\n• presented, or observed the presentation of,\nthat evidence according to law and the court's\nrules\n6 Negotiating\nsettlements\n• conducted, participated in or observed,\nsettlement negotiations\n• identified any revenue and statutory refund\nimplications\n• properly documented any settlement reached\n7 Taking action to\nenforce orders\nand settlement\nagreements\n• identified available means of enforcing the\norder or settlement according to law and the\ncourt's rules\n• followed procedures relevant to the chosen\nmeans of enforcement in a timely manner\nExplanatory notes\nThis competency standard applies to first instance civil litigation in local\nlower and higher courts of a State, having general jurisdiction, and in\nthe Federal Court.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 1, \"means of resolving the\ncase\" includes the following:\n• negotiation;\n• mediation;\n• arbitration;\n• litigation;\n• expert appraisal.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 5, \"means of gathering\nevidence\" includes the following:\n• statements from witness;\n• notices to admit;\n• discovery;\n• subpoena;\n• expert reports;\n• certified official records, banker's books and similar documents.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 5, reference to presenting\nevidence includes presenting evidence as follows:\n• orally on oath;\n• by affidavit;\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 37\n• by video or telephone link.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 7, \"means of enforcement\"\nincludes the following:\n• execution process including attachment of debts;\n• taxation or assessment of costs;\n• oral examination.\n5.4 Commercial and Corporate Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer should be able to:\n(a) conduct standard commercial transactions such\nas the sale and purchase of a small business; and\n(b) understand the relevant risks associated with such\na transaction for both parties; and\n(c) set up simple business structures using entities\nsuch as companies, trusts and partnerships; and\n(d) provide basic advice on finance and securities and\non the obligations of companies and their officers;\nand\n(e) appreciate the type of advice needed to assess\nthe revenue implications of standard commercial\ntransactions.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Conducting\ncommercial\ntransactions\n• identified the nature of the transaction\n• undertaken sufficient searches and inquiries to\ninvestigate any relevant issues of title to real\nor personal property\n• drafted documents, had them executed, and\n(if necessary) certified, stamped and\nregistered, according to law and good practice\n• obtained or given any necessary consents to,\nor notifications of, the transaction required by\nlaw\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 38\n2 Setting up\ncommercial\nstructures\n• selected a structure that will achieve the\nclient's objectives\n• drafted all documents required to set up the\nstructure (including establishing any discrete\nentities that will form part of the structure)\n• had the documents executed and (if\nnecessary) certified, stamped and registered,\naccording to law and good practice\n• informed the client of any continuing\nobligations in relation to the structure, and,\nwhere the structure involves a corporation, of\nthe continuing obligations of the company and\nits officers\n3 Dealing with\nloans and\nsecurities\n• identified one or more types of financial\narrangements and securities available to the\nborrower and lender\n• informed the borrower and lender of their\nimmediate, continuing, and potential liabilities\nunder any proposed financing and security\narrangements\n• drafted loan or security documents which\nreflect the agreement between lender and\nborrower\n• had the loan or security documents executed\nand (if necessary) stamped and registered,\naccording to law and good practice\n4 Advising on\nrevenue law and\npractice\n• identified in a general way the possible\nrevenue implications of the client's proposed\nventure or arrangement\n• referred the client to experts for more\ncomprehensive or detailed advice, where\nappropriate\nExplanatory notes\nIn Element 2 and the Performance criteria for Element 2 \"structure\"\nincludes the following:\n• basic trusts;\n• private companies;\n• partnerships;\n• joint ventures;\n• franchise arrangements.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 39\nIn Element 3 and the Performance criteria for Element 3 \"securities\"\nincludes the following:\n• personal property security agreements;\n• chattel leases;\n• loans agreements;\n• guarantees, including guarantees from spouses.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 4, \"revenue implications\"\nincludes the following:\n• stamp duties;\n• income tax;\n• capital gains tax;\n• GST;\n• fringe benefits tax;\n• land and property taxes.\n5.5 Consumer Law Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer who practises in consumer law\nshould be able to:\n(a) advise clients on the procedures and remedies\navailable in relation to consumer protection\ncomplaints and disputes; and\n(b) represent the client in any related negotiations or\nproceedings.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Obtaining\ninformation\n• identified consumer protection complaint or\ndispute as one to which consumer protection\nlegislation applies\n• identified the relevant legislation and any\napplicable case law\n• identified any possible common law remedies\n2 Drafting\ndocuments\n• drafted any documents required, in\naccordance with the client's instructions and\nthe relevant legislation\n3 Initiating and\nresponding to\nclaims\n• identified the appropriate forum for initiating or\nresponding to a claim\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 40\n• initiated a claim or taken action to oppose a\nclaim in accordance with the rules and\nprocedures of the relevant court or tribunal, in\na timely manner\n• obtained all necessary evidence and drafted\nall necessary documents in accordance with\nthose rules\n4 Representing the\nclient\n• identified all possible means of resolving the\nconsumer protection complaint or dispute to\nthe satisfaction of the client and discussed\nthem with the client, or participated in or\nobserved, such discussions\n• completed all necessary preparation in\naccordance with the law, good practice and\nthe circumstances of the matter\n• represented the client effectively at, or\nparticipated in or observed, any negotiation,\nmediation, hearing or other proceedings\n5 Taking action to\nimplement\noutcomes\n• documented any order or settlement properly\nand explained it to the client in a way which a\nreasonable client could understand\n• identified any procedures necessary to\nenforce the order or settlement and\nimplemented them in a timely manner\nExplanatory notes\nThis competency standard applies to the practice of consumer law\nunder both State and Federal consumer protection legislation and\ncodes.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 1, \"consumer protection\ndispute\" includes a dispute relating to the following:\n• competition and consumer legislation;\n• misleading and deceptive conduct;\n• motor car traders;\n• domestic building contracts;\n• consumer credit;\n• guarantees;\n• residential tenancies.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 1, \"consumer protection\nlegislation\" includes State and Federal consumer legislation and codes\nconcerning the following:\n• competition and consumer law;\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 41\n• misleading and deceptive conduct;\n• motor car traders;\n• domestic building contracts;\n• consumer credit;\n• residential tenancies.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 3, \"court or tribunal\" includes\nthe following:\n• Federal courts;\n• State courts;\n• statutory tribunals;\n• industry complaint panels;\n• industry ombudsman.\n5.6 Criminal Law Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer who practises in criminal law\nshould be able to advise clients before arrest, seek\nbail, make pleas, participate in minor contested\nhearings and assist in preparing cases for trial.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Providing advice • identified the client's legal rights and legal\npowers of the police or other prosecutors or\ninvestigators in relation to a criminal matter\n• informed the client of those rights and powers\nin a way that a reasonable client could\nunderstand\n• identified the legal elements of any offence\nwith which the client is charged\n• where possible, confirmed in writing any\ninstructions given by the client in response to\ninitial advice\n• implemented the client's instructions, when it\nis appropriate in the circumstances to do so\n2 Applying for bail • identified the client's options and\ncommunicated them to the client in a way a\nreasonable client could understand\n• helped the client to make an informed decision\nabout which option to select\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 42\n• made, or been involved in the process of\nmaking, or observed, an application for bail or\ntaken other action effectively in the\ncircumstances\n• fully advised the client of any bail conditions\n3 Making pleas • identified the client's options and\ncommunicated them to the client in a way a\nreasonable client would understand\n• identified and gathered all material useful to\nthe plea, according to law and good practice\n• presented, or been involved in the process of\npresenting, or observed the presentation of,\nthe plea in an effective and persuasive\nmanner, having regard to the circumstances of\nthe case\n• advised the client fully of the outcome in a way\na reasonable client could understand\n4 Representing a\nclient in minor\nmatters\n• completed all preparation required by law,\ngood practice and the circumstances of the\ncase\n• represented, or been involved in representing\nthe client, or observed the client being\nrepresented, effectively at a contested hearing\n5 Assisting to\nprepare cases\nfor trial\n• identified and gathered the evidence needed\nto support the client's case\n• identified and briefed, or been involved in\nbriefing, appropriate experts (including\ncounsel) having regard to good practice and\nthe requirements of the case\nExplanatory notes\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 1, \"criminal matter\" includes the\nfollowing:\n• traffic offences;\n• domestic violence and apprehended violence orders;\n• drink driving;\n• drug offences.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 43\n5.7 Employment and Industrial Relations Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer who practises in the area of\nemployment and industrial relations should be able to:\n(a) advise clients on the relevant law and procedures;\nand\n(b) represent clients in negotiations; and\n(c) initiate and respond to applications in relevant\nState and Federal courts and tribunals.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Assessing the\nmerits of the\ndispute and\nidentify the\ndispute\nresolution\nalternatives\n• identified the relevant facts\n• assessed the strengths and weaknesses of\nthe dispute according to the relevant law\n• identified all means of resolving the dispute,\nhaving regard to the client's circumstances\n2 Advising client\non procedures\n• advised the client of means of avoiding a\ndispute, where appropriate\n• advised the client of available steps to\nstrengthen the client's position\n3 Commencing\nnegotiations\n• explored opportunities for a negotiated\nsettlement, subject to the client's instructions\n• represented, or been involved in representing,\nthe client, or observed the client being\nrepresented, effectively at any negotiations\n4 Initiating and\nresponding to\nproceedings\n• identified the appropriate jurisdiction\n• initiated or opposed, or been involved in\ninitiating or opposing, a claim or observed the\ninitiation or opposition of a claim, in\naccordance with the rules of the relevant court\nor tribunal, in a timely manner\n• obtained all necessary evidence and drafted\nall necessary documents in accordance with\nthose rules\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 44\n5 Representing the\nclient\n• completed all preparation required by law,\ngood practice, and the circumstances\n• represented, or been involved in representing\nthe client, or observed the client being\nrepresented, effectively at any mediation,\nhearing or other forum\n6 Taking action to\nimplement\noutcomes\n• properly documented any order or settlement\nand explained it to the client in a way which\nthe client can understand\n• identified and implemented, or been involved\nin identifying and implementing, any\nprocedures required to enforce the order or\nsettlement\nExplanatory notes\nThis competency standard applies to the practice of employment and\nindustrial relations law at both State and Federal levels.\nIn the Performance criteria for Elements 1 and 2, \"dispute\" includes the\nfollowing:\n• award negotiations;\n• an industrial dispute relating to an individual employee or to a\nworkplace or industry;\n• an equal employment opportunity or anti-discrimination claim;\n• a claim for unfair dismissal.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 1, \"means of resolving the\ndispute\" includes the following:\n• negotiation;\n• mediation;\n• conciliation;\n• arbitration;\n• litigation.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 2, \"means of avoiding a\ndispute\" and \"steps to strengthen the client's position\" include the\nfollowing:\n• altering internal employment practices and procedures;\n• revising employment contracts;\n• entering or revising enterprise bargaining agreements;\n• altering individual employment contracts;\n• taking disciplinary proceedings;\n• allowing industrial representation.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 45\n5.8 Ethics and Professional Responsibility\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer should act ethically and\ndemonstrate professional responsibility and\nprofessional courtesy in all dealings with clients, the\ncourts, the community and other lawyers.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Acting ethically • identified any relevant ethical dimension of a\nparticular situation\n• taken action which complies with professional\nethical standards in that situation\n2 Knowing when to\nraise ethical\nproblems with\nothers\n• identified circumstances in which matters\nrelating to the ethical conduct of legal practice\nshould be brought to the attention of others\n• identified with whom different matters of this\ntype should be raised (for example,\nemployers, professional associations, legal\nservices boards, police)\n• learned about relevant protocols, institutional\nprocedures and difficulties, associated with\nraising such matters with others\n3 Discharging the\nlegal duties and\nobligations of\nlegal\npractitioners\n• identified any duty or obligation imposed on\nthe lawyer by law in a particular situation\n• discharged that duty or obligation according to\nlaw and good practice\n4 Complying with\nprofessional\nconduct rules\n• identified any applicable rules of professional\nconduct\n• taken action which complies with those rules\n5 Complying with\nfiduciary duties\n• recognised and complied with any fiduciary\nduty, according to law and good practice\n6 Avoiding\nconflicts of\ninterest\n• identified any potential or actual conflict, as\nsoon as is reasonable in the circumstances\n• taken effective action to avoid a potential\nconflict or, where a conflict has already arisen,\ndealt with it in accordance with law and good\npractice, or been involved in the process of\ndoing one or more of those things\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 46\n• taken, or been involved in the process of\ntaking, appropriate action, where applicable,\nto prevent such a conflict arising in the future\n7 Acting\ncourteously\n• demonstrated professional courtesy in all\ndealings with others\n8 Complying with\nrules relating to\nthe charging of\nfees\n• identified any rules applying to charging\nprofessional fees\n• complied with those rules, where they are\nrelevant\n• maintained file notes and records in\naccordance with law and good practice\n","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Being aware of","content":"9 Being aware of\nthe importance\nof pro bono\ncontributions\n• recognised the importance of pro bono\ncontributions to legal practice\n• identified various means whereby lawyers\nmay provide pro bono contributions\n• where necessary, used resources provided by\nprofessional or community organisations to\nfacilitate pro bono contributions\n• identified when a client with insufficient\nresources may be entitled to legal aid, or\nassistance from professional or community\norganisations\nExplanatory notes\nThe purpose of this standard is to assist entry level lawyers to adopt\nethical habits in legal practice to ensure that they effectively and\nappropriately discharge their obligations to the court, to the legal\nprofession and to clients by:\n• acting ethically; and\n• observing general and statutory law relating to the duties and\nobligations of legal practitioners; and\n• observing written and unwritten rules of professional conduct; and\n• observing written and unwritten rules of professional courtesy.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 3, \"duty or obligation\" includes\nthe following duties and obligations:\n• of confidentiality;\n• to maintain competence;\n• to act honestly;\n• not to mislead the court;\n• not to pervert the course of justice or the due administration of\njustice.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 47\nIn Element 6, \"conflicts of interest\" include conflicts between the\nfollowing:\n• joint venture partners;\n• directors and shareholders of a company;\n• trustees and beneficiaries in a family trust;\n• parties to any transaction where the interests of the parties may\ndiffer.\n5.9 Family Law Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer who practises in family law\nshould be able to:\n(a) advise and take action in relation to parenting\nmatters, property settlements, spouse\nmaintenance and child support problems; and\n(b) identify appropriate dispute-resolution processes\nfor such matters, in the light of the client's\ncircumstances and concerns; and\n(c) advise clients on pre-action procedures.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Advising on\nmatters relating\nto children and\nproperty\n• elicited information necessary to identify the\nclient's options\n• informed the client of all relevant available\noptions, in a way that a reasonable client\ncould understand\n• identified any pre-action procedures that apply\nto the matter\n• taken any steps necessary to enable the client\nto obtain access to those procedures\n2 Representing a\nclient in matters\nrelating to\nchildren and\nproperty\n• prepared, or been involved in preparing, or\nobserved the preparation of, either an\napplication for interim, final or consent orders\nrelating to a matter concerning children or\nproperty, or a response to such an application\n• pursued, or been involved in the pursuit of, the\ncase in accordance with good practice for the\nchosen dispute resolution process\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 48\n• identified and explained, or been involved in\nidentifying and explaining, to the client the\nrevenue implications of any proposed\nsettlement\n• documented and acted upon, or been involved\nin documenting and acting upon, any results\nof the chosen dispute resolution process, in\naccordance with law and good practice\nExplanatory notes\nThis competency standard applies to children and property matters\narising from the breakdown of marriages or other domestic\nrelationships, rather than the dissolution of marriage. It includes the\nfollowing:\n• responsibility for parenting, including residence of and contact with,\nchildren;\n• property settlements;\n• spouse maintenance;\n• child support;\n• domestic violence orders;\n• injunctions and sole-use orders;\n• de facto proceedings.\n5.10 Lawyer's Skills\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer should be able to demonstrate\noral communication, legal interviewing, advocacy,\nnegotiation, dispute resolution, letter writing and\ndrafting skills.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Communicating\neffectively\n• identified the purpose of a proposed\ncommunication, the most effective way of\nmaking it, and the content of the proposed\ncommunication\n• presented thoughts, advice, and submissions\nin a logical, clear, succinct and persuasive\nmanner, having regard to the circumstances\nand the person or forum to whom they are\nmade\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 49\n2 Cross-cultural\nawareness\n• identified and appropriately dealt with verbal\nand non-verbal aspects of cross-cultural\ncommunication\n• taken any follow-up action in accordance with\ngood practice\n• demonstrated awareness of difficulties of\ncommunication attributable to cultural\ndifferences, their possible effect on a client's\ndealings with lawyers, the police, courts,\ngovernment and legal agencies, and the\ndesirability of cross-cultural communications\ntraining for all lawyers\n3 Interviewing\nclients\n• prepared for the interview properly, having\nregard to relevant information available before\nthe interview and all known, relevant\ncircumstances\n• conducted, participated in conducting or\nobserved, the interview, using communication\ntechniques appropriate to both the client and\nthe context\n• ensured that the client and lawyer have both\nobtained all the information which they wanted\nfrom the interview in a timely, effective and\nefficient way, having regard to the\ncircumstances\n• ensured that the lawyer and client left the\ninterview with a common understanding of the\nlawyer's instructions (if any) and any future\naction that the lawyer or client is respectively\nto take\n• make a record of the interview that satisfies\nthe requirements of law and good practice\n• taken, or participated in taking, any follow-up\naction in a timely manner\n4 Writing letters • identified the need for, and purpose of, the\nletter\n• written the letter in plain English that conveys\nits purpose clearly and could be understood\nby the person to whom it is sent, acting\nreasonably\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 50\n5 Drafting other\ndocuments\n• identified the need for, and purpose, of the\ndocument\n• devised an effective form and structure for the\ndocument having regard to the parties, the\ncircumstances, good practice, plain English\nprinciples and the relevant law\n• drafted the document effectively having regard\nto the parties, the circumstances, good\npractice, plain English principles and the\nrelevant law\n• considered whether the document should be\nsettled by counsel\n• taken every action required to make the\ndocument effective and enforceable in a timely\nmanner and according to law (such as\nexecution by the parties, stamping, delivery\nand registration)\n6 Negotiating\nsettlements and\nagreements\n• prepared, or participated in the preparation of\nthe client's case properly having regard to the\ncircumstances and good practice\n• identified the strategy and tactics to be used in\nnegotiations and discussed them with and\nobtained approval from the client, or been\ninvolved in or observed that process\n• carried out, been involved in or observed, the\nnegotiations effectively having regard to the\nstrategy and tactics adopted, the\ncircumstances of the case and good practice\n• documented any resolution as required by law\nor good practice and explained it, or been\ninvolved in the process of explaining it, to the\nclient in a way a reasonable client could\nunderstand\n","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Facilitating early","content":"7 Facilitating early\nresolution of\ndisputes\n• identified the advantages and disadvantages\nof available dispute resolution options and\nexplained them to, or been involved in\nexplaining them to, the client\n• performed in the lawyer's role, or been\ninvolved in or observed that performance, in\nthe dispute resolution process effectively,\nhaving regard to the circumstances\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 51\n• documented any resolution as required by law\nor good practice and explained it, or been\ninvolved in explaining it, to the client in a way\na reasonable client could understand\n","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Representing a","content":"8 Representing a\nclient in a legal\nforum\n• observed the etiquette and procedures of the\nforum\n• organised and presented in an effective,\nstrategic way:\n− factual material; and\n− analysis of relevant legal issues; and\n− relevant decided cases\n• presented and tested evidence in accordance\nwith the law and good practice\n• made submissions effectively and coherently\nin accordance with law and good practice\nExplanatory notes\nAssessment of competence for this standard should require the entry\nlevel lawyer to synthesise or combine the above skills and apply them\nin one or more specific legal contexts.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 2, \"difficulties of communication\nattributable to cultural differences\" includes difficulties of\ncommunication encountered by Indigenous people.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 7, \"dispute resolution options\"\nincludes the following:\n• negotiation;\n• mediation;\n• arbitration;\n• litigation;\n• expert appraisal.\nIn Element 8, \"Representing\" refers to appearing, being involved in\nappearing, or observing another appearing, on behalf of a client in a\ncourt, tribunal or other legal forum on a matter, including:\n• an aspect of preliminary or pre-trial civil or criminal proceedings;\nand\n• an aspect of first instance trial advocacy in a simple matter; and\n• leading evidence-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination;\nand\n• making submissions.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 52\n5.11 Planning and Environmental Law Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer who practises in planning and\nenvironmental law should be able to:\n(a) advise, and generally assist, clients on the\nrelevant law and planning process; and\n(b) apply for approvals and consents under relevant\nplanning legislation; and\n(c) object to applications; and\n(d) initiate or defend planning or environmental\nactions.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Assessing the\nmerits of the\nmatter and\nadvising the\nclient\n• obtained full instructions from the client\n• analysed the facts in accordance with the\nrelevant law\n• obtained and clarified any relevant technical\ninformation\n• advised, or been involved in advising, the\nclient of any rights and obligations of the client\nand potential penalties if obligations are not\nobserved\n• identified, or been involved in identifying, all\noptions and developed a plan of action in\naccordance with the client's instructions\n• alerted, or been involved in alerting, the client\nto the need to identify the commercial, political\nand public relations implications of any\nproposed action\n2 Preparing\nplanning\napplications or\nobjections\n• identified and analysed relevant provisions of\nthe appropriate planning scheme\n• identified any appropriate grounds of objection\n• prepared either an application for\ndevelopment or other planning approval, or an\nobjection to such an application\n• identified any need to obtain plans or other\ninformation\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 53\n3 Initiating or\nresponding to\nenvironmental\nclaims\n• identified the appropriate forum for initiating or\nresponding to a claim\n• initiated or opposed, or been involved in\ninitiating or opposing, a claim in accordance\nwith the rules of the relevant court or tribunal,\nin a timely manner\n• obtained all necessary evidence and drafted\nall necessary documents in accordance with\nthose rules\n4 Representing the\nclient in resolving\na planning\nmatter or\nenvironmental\nclaim\n• identified appropriate means of resolving the\nmatter to the satisfaction of the client and\ndiscussed them, or been involved in\ndiscussing them, with the client\n• completed all preparation required by law and\ngood practice\n• represented, or been involved in representing,\nor observed the representation of, the client\neffectively in any negotiation, mediation,\nhearing or other proceedings\n5 Implementing\noutcomes\n• properly documented any order or settlement\nand explained, or been involved in explaining\nit to the client in a way which a reasonable\nclient could understand\n• identified and carried out any procedures to\nenforce the order or settlement in a timely\nmanner\nExplanatory notes\nThis competency standard applies to the practice of planning and\nenvironmental law under both common law and State and Federal\nlegislation.\nIn Element 4, \"planning matter or environmental claim\" includes the\nfollowing:\n• an application for, or an application for exemption from the need for,\na permit, licence, approval or other authority;\n• an objection, appeal or application for review of a decision, relating\nto such an application;\n• a prosecution for breach of relevant planning or environmental\nlegislation;\n• a civil action relating to either or both a planning and environmental\nmatter.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 54\n5.12 Problem Solving\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer should be able to:\n(a) investigate and analyse facts and law; and\n(b) provide legal advice; and\n(c) solve legal problems.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Analysing facts\nand identifying\nissues\n• identified and collected all relevant facts as far\nas is practicable\n• analysed the facts to identify any existing or\npotential legal issues\n• distinguished relevant facts from other facts, if\nthe matter so requires\n2 Analysing law • identified any questions of law raised by the\nmatter\n• researched those questions of law properly,\nhaving regard to the circumstances\n• identified and interpreted any relevant\nstatutory provisions and applied them\nappropriately to the facts\n3 Providing legal\nadvice\n• applied the law to the facts of the matter in an\nappropriate and defensible way\n• given, or been involved in giving, the client\nadvice in a way which a reasonable client\ncould understand\n• identified any developments that might affect\nthe accuracy of previous advice and told, or\nbeen involved in telling, the client about the\neffect of those developments\n4 Generating\nsolutions and\nstrategies\n• identified the problem and the client's goals as\nfully as is practicable\n• investigated the facts and legal issues as fully\nas is practicable\n• developed creative options and strategies to\nmeet the client's objectives\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 55\n• identified the advantages and disadvantages\nof pursuing each option or strategy\n• assisted, or been involved in assisting, the\nclient to choose between those options in a\nway consistent with good practice\n• developed a plan to implement the client's\npreferred option\n• acted, or been involved in acting, to resolve\nthe problem in accordance with the client's\ninstructions and the lawyer's plan of action\n• remained open to new information and ideas\nand updated advice to the client where\nnecessary\nExplanatory notes\nIn Element 2, \"Analysing law\" includes:\n(a) researching legal issues by using:\n• law libraries;\n• online searches;\n• electronic databases;\n• legal citators and digests; and\n(b) applying principles of precedent and statutory interpretation.\n5.13 Property Law Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer should be able to:\n(a) convey, lease and mortgage real property; and\n(b) provide general advice on standard matters\narising under local government, planning,\nenvironmental or other legislation relating to land\nuse in the relevant State.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Transferring title • identified the nature of the interest being dealt\nwith, pursuant to the pre-eminent title system\nin the relevant jurisdiction\n• prepared, commented on and advised, or\nbeen involved in advising, on an appropriate\ncontract of sale or other type of agreement for\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 56\ntransferring the relevant interest in land; and\nhad it executed according to law and good\npractice\n• undertaken sufficient searches and inquiries to\ninvestigate title, any issues about land use\nand responsibility for outgoings\n• drafted an appropriate instrument of transfer\nor conveyance and had it executed and (if\nnecessary) stamped and registered, according\nto law\n• obtained or given any consents to, or\nnotifications of, the transfer or conveyance,\naccording to law\n• arranged for the instrument to be executed\nand (if necessary) stamped and registered, as\nrequired by law\n2 Creating leases • made and obtained all searches and consents\nrequired by law and good practice\n• drafted, commented on and advised, or been\ninvolved in advising, on a lease in a form\nallowed by law, reflecting the agreement\nbetween lessor and lessee and protecting\ntheir respective interests\n• arranged for the lease to be executed and (if\nnecessary) stamped and registered, according\nto law\n3 Creating and\nreleasing\nmortgages\n• made and obtained all searches and consents\nrequired by law and good practice\n• drafted, commented on and advised, or been\ninvolved in advising, on an effective\ninstrument to create or release the security,\nreflecting the agreement between the grantor\nand grantee and protecting their respective\ninterests\n4 Advising on land\nuse\n• identified any planning scheme or other\nstatutory provisions regulating the relevant\nuse\n• advised, or been involved in advising, the\nclient generally about processes to be\nfollowed to obtain permission for, or to object\nto, the use as the case requires\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 57\n5 Advising on\nrevenue\nimplications\n• identified the revenue implications of any\ntransaction and advised, or been involved in\nadvising, the client accordingly\nExplanatory notes\nIn Element 1, \"Transferring title\" refers to title pursuant to the pre-\neminent title system in the relevant jurisdiction.\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 1, \"contract of sale\" includes a\ncontract of sale subject to special conditions.\nIn Element 2, \"Creating leases\" refers to residential tenancies or leases\nand standard commercial leases.\nIn Element 3, \"mortgages\" includes any other relevant security over\nland.\nIn Element 4, \"Advising on land use\" includes advising on issues\nrelating to the following:\n• town planning schemes;\n• local government by-laws;\n• environment and heritage legislation;\n• revenue and tax legislation.\n5.14 Trust and Office Accounting\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer should have sufficient knowledge,\nskills and values to maintain trust and general account\nrecords according to law and good practice, to the\nextent usually permitted and expected of an employed\nsolicitor.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Understand\nrelevant fiduciary\nand other duties\n• identified and applied:\n− general law fiduciary and other duties;\ncodified duties and duties to supervise and\nreport in relation to trust monies; and\n− duties and obligations of maintaining a trust\naccount\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 58\n2 Receiving money • dealt with money received from or on behalf of\na client, as required by law and good practice\n• where the law and good practice requires\nmoney to be deposited in a trust account or\ngeneral account, recorded the deposit as\nrequired by law and good practice\n• issued any receipt required by law and good\npractice\n3 Making outlays • made any outlay from the correct account,\naccording to law and good practice\n• recorded the outlay as required by law and\ngood practice\n4 Rendering costs • demonstrated an ability to comply with\nregulations relating to disclosure of costs and\na client's rights relating to costs\n• calculated the costs in accordance with law,\ngood practice and any agreement between the\nlawyer and client\n• added to the bill all outlays made by the firm\nfor which the client is responsible\n• accounted to the client for any money\nreceived from the client on account of costs\nand outlays, as required by law and good\npractice\n• drafted the bill and delivered it in accordance\nwith law and good practice\nExplanatory notes\nThis competency standard applies to trust and general accounting and\nto rendering bills of costs. It requires a general knowledge of solicitors'\ntrust account law and practice and costs regulation in the relevant\njurisdiction and an understanding of the general principles of\nmaintaining trust and office records.\n5.15 Wills and Estates Practice\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer who practises in wills and estates\nshould be able to draft wills, administer deceased\nestates and take action to solve problems about wills\nand estates.\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 59\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n1 Drafting wills • advised the client of issues, options, and\npotential problems that might arise in respect\nof the client's testamentary intentions\n• obtained instructions reflecting the client's\ninformed and independent wishes, which can\nbe effectively implemented\n• drafted a will reflecting the client's instructions\n• identified any issues of testamentary capacity\nand resolved them in accordance with law and\ngood practice\n• ensured that the client executed the will in\naccordance with law\n• given any necessary follow up advice to the\nclient\n2 Administering\ndeceased\nestates\n• obtained a grant of probate or letters of\nadministration where required\n• identified the debts and assets of the estate\n• gathered in the estate or transferred or\ntransmitted assets directly to beneficiaries, as\nappropriate, having regard to the law, good\npractice, and the circumstances\n• discharged the estate's debts, distributed\nspecific gifts and the residue and ensured that\nthe executors have been released of their\nobligations in a timely fashion\n3 Taking action to\nresolve wills and\nestates problems\n• identified the nature of the problem properly,\nhaving regard to the law of the jurisdiction\n• identified the client's options for dealing with\nthe problem, having regard to the law of the\nparticular jurisdiction and the client's\ncircumstances\n• explained the options to the client in a way a\nreasonable client could understand\n• taken action to resolve the problem in\naccordance with the client's instructions\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 60\nExplanatory notes\nIn the Performance criteria for Element 1, \"follow up advice\" includes\nadvice on the following:\n• the effects of marriage on a will;\n• the effects of divorce on a will;\n• storage options for a will;\n• revocation of a will;\n• modification of a will;\n• associated documents such as enduring powers of attorney.\nIn Element 3, \"wills and estates problems\" include problems of the\nfollowing:\n• testamentary capacity;\n• construction;\n• validity of the will;\n• validity of gifts;\n• assets outside the jurisdiction;\n• revenue issues;\n• family provision;\n• mutual wills;\n• trusts;\n• informal wills;\n• testamentary directions.\n5.16 Work Management and Business Skills\nDescriptor: An entry level lawyer should be able to manage\nworkload, work habits, and work practices in a way that\nensures that clients' matters are dealt with in a timely\nand cost effective manner.\nElement Performance criteria\nThe applicant has competently:\n","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Managing","content":"1 Managing\npersonal time\n• used a diary or another system to record time\nlimits or deadlines and to assist in planning\nwork\n• identified conflicting priorities as they arise\nand managed the conflict effectively\n• used available time effectively, to the benefit\nof the lawyer's clients and employer\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 61\n2 Managing risk • conducted each matter in a way that\nminimises any risk to the client, lawyer or firm\narising from missed deadlines, negligence or\nfailure to comply with the requirements of the\nlaw, a court or other body\n• recognised the limits of the lawyer's expertise\nand experience and referred the client or\nmatter to other lawyers, counsel or other\nprofessionals, as the circumstances require\n3 Managing files • used a file management system to ensure that\nwork priorities are identified and managed,\nclient's documents are stored in an orderly\nand secure manner, and to alert the lawyer to\nany need to follow up a matter or give it other\nattention\n• rendered timely bills, in accordance with law\nand any agreement between the lawyer and\nclient, which set out the basis for calculating\nthe lawyer's fees\n• accurately recorded all communications and\nattendances, with details of dates and times\n4 Keeping client\ninformed\n• communicated with the client during the\ncourse of the matter as frequently as\ncircumstances and good practice require\n• confirmed oral communications in writing\nwhen requested by the client or required by\ngood practice\n• dealt with the client's requests for information\npromptly\n• informed the client fully of all important\ndevelopments in the matter, in a way which a\nreasonable client could understand\n","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Working","content":"5 Working\ncooperatively\n• worked with support staff, colleagues,\nconsultants and counsel in a professional and\ncost effective manner\n","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Self-","content":"6 Self-\nmanagement\n• Demonstrated an ability to manage work and\npersonal issues consistent with principles of\nresilience and wellbeing\n\nSchedule 4\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 62\nExplanatory notes\nThe purpose of this standard is to assist entry level lawyers to adopt\ngood work habits in legal practice to ensure that:\n• clients do not suffer loss or damage from a lawyer missing\ndeadlines or neglecting matters; and\n• clients are kept informed regularly and fully of the progress of their\nmatters; and\n• clients' matters are dealt with in a cost effective manner.\n\nENDNOTES\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 63\nENDNOTES\n1 KEY\nKey to abbreviations\namd = amended od = order\napp = appendix om = omitted\nbl = by-law pt = Part\nch = Chapter r = regulation/rule\ncl = clause rem = remainder\ndiv = Division renum = renumbered\nexp = expires/expired rep = repealed\nf = forms s = section\nGaz = Gazette sch = Schedule\nhdg = heading sdiv = Subdivision\nins = inserted SL = Subordinate Legislation\nlt = long title sub = substituted\nnc = not commenced\n","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"LIST OF LEGISLATION","content":"2 LIST OF LEGISLATION\nLegal Profession Admission Rules (SL No. 30, 2007)\nNotified 29 August 2007\nCommenced 29 August 2007\nLegal Profession Admission Amendment Rules 2008 (SL No. 23, 2008)\nNotified 27 August 2008\nCommenced 27 August 2008\nOaths, Affidavits and Declarations (Consequential Amendments) Act 2010 (Act No. 40,\n2010)\nAssent date 18 November 2010\nCommenced 1 March 2011 (s 2, s 2 Oaths, Affidavits and Declarations\nAct 2010 (Act No. 39, 2010) and Gaz G7, 16 February 2011,\np 4)\nLegal Profession Admission Amendment Rules 2015 (SL No. 26, 2015)\nNotified 14 October 2015\nCommenced 14 October 2015\nLocal Court (Related Amendments) Act 2016 (Act No. 8, 2016)\nAssent date 6 April 2016\nCommenced 1 May 2016 (s 2, s 2 Local Court (Repeals and Related\nAmendments) Act 2016 (Act No. 9, 2016) and Gaz S34,\n","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"29","sectionType":"section","heading":"April 2016)","content":"29 April 2016)\n","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"GENERAL AMENDMENTS","content":"3 GENERAL AMENDMENTS\nGeneral amendments of a formal nature (which are not referred to in the table\nof amendments to this reprint) are made by the Interpretation Legislation\nAmendment Act 2018 (Act No. 22 of 2018) to: rr 1, 17, 19, 29 and 30 and\nsch 1.\n\nENDNOTES\nLegal Profession Admission Rules 2007 64\n","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"LIST OF AMENDMENTS","content":"4 LIST OF AMENDMENTS\nr 2 amd No. 26, 2015, r 3\nr 4 amd No. 23, 2008, r 6\nr 5 amd No. 26, 2015, r 4\npt 3 hdg amd Act No. 40, 2010, s 202\nr 7 amd Act No. 40, 2010, s 202\nr 10 amd No. 23, 2008, r 3\nr 11 amd No. 23, 2008, r 6\nr 16 sub No. 23, 2008, r 4\nr 18 amd No. 23, 2008, r 6\nr 22 amd Act No. 8, 2016, s 45\npt 7\ndiv 1 hdg ins No. 26, 2015, r 5\nr 29 amd No. 26, 2015, r 6\npt 7\ndiv 2 hdg ins No. 26, 2015, r 7\nr 32 ins No. 26, 2015, r 7\nsch 1 – 2 amd Act No. 40, 2010, s 202\nsch 3 amd No. 23, 2008, r 5\nsch 4 sub No. 26, 2015, r 8","sortOrder":41}],"analysis":{"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation appears consistent with its original purpose of establishing admission requirements for the legal profession. The 2015 amendments updated the practical training competency standards to reflect modern practice (including PLT courses and resilience/wellbeing requirements), but this represents evolution within the original scope rather than scope creep. The core framework—academic qualifications, practical training, character assessment, and admission procedures—remains unchanged from the 2007 intent."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive cross-referencing between the Rules, the Legal Profession Act 2006, and Commonwealth legislation (Mutual Recognition Act 1992, Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Act 1997, Crimes Act 1914)","Detailed competency standards in Schedule 4 spanning 36 pages with nested elements, performance criteria, and explanatory notes for 16 different practice areas","Multiple pathways to admission (PLT courses vs. articles of clerkship) with different requirements and conditions","Conditional logic for overseas applicants with discretionary powers given to the Admission Board (exemptions, directions, further inquiries)","Defined terms scattered across multiple rules (rules 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 17, 29, Schedule 4) rather than consolidated in a single interpretation section","Transitional provisions preserving old rules for pending applications while new rules apply to new applicants","Specific IELTS score requirements with exemption conditions in rule 16","Detailed procedural requirements for documentation, timing (14-day lodgement deadlines), and administrative steps"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this legislation does:**\n\nThese are the **Legal Profession Admission Rules 2007** for the Northern Territory. They set out the step-by-step requirements for becoming a lawyer in the NT—covering everything from university degrees to practical training, character checks, and the oath you take when admitted.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n\n- **Law students and graduates** who want to practise in the Northern Territory\n- **Overseas lawyers** seeking to transfer their qualifications to the NT\n- **Legal employers** who train articled clerks (trainee lawyers)\n- **The Admission Board**, which assesses applications and approves training\n\n**Key requirements explained:**\n\n- **Academic qualifications:** You need the equivalent of at least 3 years full-time law study covering core areas like criminal law, contracts, property, and ethics (Schedule 3 lists exactly what topics must be covered).\n- **Practical training:** You must complete either:\n  - A Board-approved practical legal training course, **or**\n  - At least 12 months as an **articled clerk** (working under a qualified lawyer) plus any required supplementary courses\n- **Good character:** You need certificates from at least 2 people who have known you for 3+ years, confirming you're of \"good fame and character\" (basically, trustworthy and respectable).\n- **Disclosure:** You must disclose any criminal convictions (with some exceptions for minor traffic offences and spent convictions).\n- **English language:** Overseas applicants whose first language isn't English must prove high-level English proficiency (IELTS scores of 8.0 for writing, 7.5 for speaking, 7.0 for reading and listening).\n- **The oath:** Before admission, you must swear an oath to conduct yourself honestly in your legal practice.\n\n**Special rules for overseas applicants:**\n\nIf you qualified overseas, you must apply to the Board for directions on what additional study or training you need. The Board will try to match your foreign qualifications as closely as possible to local requirements.\n\n**Why it matters:**\n\nThese rules protect the public by ensuring only properly qualified, ethical, and competent people become lawyers. They create a consistent standard for legal training in the NT while providing pathways for both local graduates and experienced overseas practitioners."},"summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The rules were originally made in 2007 but have been reprinted at least four times, with the operative commencement date shown as 1 May 2016. This strongly suggests the scope and content have been amended from the original 2007 version, likely to reflect changes in national admission standards, the Legal Profession Act, or practical training requirements — though the specific scope changes cannot be confirmed from the metadata alone."},"complexity_factors":["The document provided contains very limited legislative content — mostly metadata and administrative information, making full analysis difficult","Admission rules typically involve cross-referencing with parent legislation (the Legal Profession Act) and national frameworks, adding complexity","Multiple reprints (Reprint 4) suggest the rules have been amended several times, meaning readers must ensure they have the current version","Procedural and eligibility requirements can interact with qualifications from other jurisdictions and overseas, creating complexity for internationally trained lawyers","Character and fitness assessments involve subjective judgment and can involve complex legal proceedings"],"plain_english_summary":"The Legal Profession Admission Rules 2007 set the gateway for who may be admitted and practise as a lawyer in the Australian Capital Territory. They prescribe the academic, practical training and character requirements the admitting authority uses to decide fitness for admission.\n\nThey affect law students, graduates, supervisors and admission decision-makers, and protect the public by ensuring only suitably trained and of‑good‑character individuals enter the profession."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Rules repeal and replace the earlier 2003 admission rules (r30) and update practical legal training and competency requirements (Schedule 4). They retain transitional protections for applications begun under the repealed rules (r31) while modernising PLT assessment, course approval and overseas‑applicant procedures (Schedule 4; rr13–15)."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple admission pathways and triggers: local applicants, overseas applicants and mutual‑recognition registrants with distinct procedures (Divisions 2–3, rr10–16).","Extensive, detailed competency standards for practical legal training spanning skills, practice areas and values (Schedule 4, items 3 and 5.1–5.16).","Board discretion and evaluative judgements: approval of PLT courses and supplementary courses, directions for overseas applicants, and powers to require further evidence or training (r5; rr13–15; r28).","Documentary and evidentiary requirements: affidavits, certificates of character, authenticated foreign documents, IELTS evidence and lodging articles (rr3; rr10, 11, 13; r16; r21).","Cross‑jurisdictional equivalence assessments and potential exemptions for foreign qualifications or service (r5(2)(c); r14(3)).","Operational limits and timelines that affect practice arrangements (effective date of articles and 90‑day rule, r22) and caps on principals supervising clerks (r23).","Transitional and repeal provisions preserving in‑flight applications and replacing earlier rules (r30–31), which require careful implementation.","Detailed assessment and simulation rules for competencies where admitted lawyers’ acts are involved, increasing assessment design complexity (Schedule 4, cl 2.2(c),(d), cl 4.5)."],"plain_english_summary":"These Rules set the requirements and processes for admission to practise law in the Northern Territory: the academic and practical training standards, application and disclosure requirements, articles of clerkship, oath and local roll entries, and the Admission Board’s powers to approve courses, give directions and require extra training. \n\nThey affect law graduates, articled clerks, employers/principals and overseas-qualified lawyers. The Rules allocate compliance costs (for example IELTS testing, r16(4)), create documentary and affidavit obligations (r10, r20) and give the Board discretion to assess equivalence and grant exemptions (r5; rr13–15)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/legal-profession-admission-rules-2007","history":"/api/acts/legal-profession-admission-rules-2007/history","analysis":"/api/acts/legal-profession-admission-rules-2007/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/legal-profession-admission-rules-2007/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/legal-profession-admission-rules-2007/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/legal-profession-admission-rules-2007/documents"}}