{"id":"tas:act-2018-015","name":"Justices of the Peace Act 2018","slug":"justices-of-the-peace-act-2018","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"tas","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"15 of 2018","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":31605,"registerId":"tas-act-2018-015-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-01","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 1 Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Short title","content":"### 1 Short title\n\n> This Act may be cited as the [Justices of the Peace Act 2018](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-2018-015) .","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"### 2 Commencement\n\n> This Act commences on a day to be proclaimed.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interpretation","content":"### 3 Interpretation\n\n> In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears –\n> \n> > ***appointed justice*** means a justice who holds the office of Justice of the Peace under an appointment under [section 5](#GS5@EN) or [8](#GS8@EN) ;\n> \n> > ***code of conduct*** means a code of conduct prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of [section 20](#GS20@EN) ;\n> \n> > ***commission of the peace*** means the letters patent of 4th May 1895 which assign justices to keep the Queen's peace in this State and any letters patent to the same purpose that take the place of those letters patent;\n> \n> > ***duties*** includes powers and a reference to carrying out duties includes a reference to exercising powers;\n> \n> > ***insolvent***, in relation to a person, means that the person –\n> > \n> > > > (a) is bankrupt; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) has applied to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n> > > \n> > > > (c) is compounding with his or her creditors; or\n> > > \n> > > > (d) has made an assignment of his or her remuneration or estate for the benefit of his or her creditors;\n> \n> > ***investigator*** means a person authorised under [section 26](#GS26@EN) to undertake an investigation of the conduct of a justice or other person;\n> \n> > ***justice*** means –\n> > \n> > > > (a) an appointed justice; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) a magistrate;\n> \n> > ***removal from the office of Justice of the Peace*** means the revocation of the appointment as Justice of the Peace of an appointed justice;\n> \n> > ***Secretary*** means the Secretary of the Department.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appointment and Powers of Justices of the Peace","content":"# Part 2 Appointment and Powers of Justices of the Peace","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application to be appointed as justice","content":"### 4 Application to be appointed as justice\n\n> > (1)  A person may apply to be appointed as a Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (2)  An application is to be –\n> > \n> > > > (a) in a form approved by the Secretary; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) lodged with the Secretary.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Appointment of justice","content":"### 5 Appointment of justice\n\n> > (1)  In this section –\n> > \n> > > ***eligible person*** means a person who –\n> > > \n> > > > > (a) has attained the age of 18 years but has not attained the age of 75 years; and\n> > > > \n> > > > > (b) is an Australian citizen; and\n> > > > \n> > > > > (c) in the opinion of the Minister –\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > > (i) understands the role and duties of a justice; and\n> > > > > > \n> > > > > > > (ii) has sufficient proficiency in the English language to carry out the duties of a justice; and\n> > > > > > \n> > > > > > > (iii) ordinarily resides in Tasmania; and\n> > > > > > \n> > > > > > > (iv) is likely to be reasonably available to exercise the powers of a justice for the purpose of meeting the needs of the community in the area in which he or she resides or works and to be reasonably active in doing so; and\n> > > > > > \n> > > > > > > (v) is a fit and proper person to hold the office of Justice of the Peace; and\n> > > > \n> > > > > (d) has completed any training required by the regulations to be undertaken before being appointed as a Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (2)  The Governor may appoint such eligible persons resident in Tasmania as he or she thinks appropriate to the office of Justice of the Peace for Tasmania.\n> \n> > (3)  Despite [subsection (2)](#GS5@Gs2@EN) , the Governor may only appoint an eligible person as a Justice of the Peace if satisfied that there is a need for a Justice of the Peace, or another Justice of the Peace, in the area in which the eligible person resides or works.\n> \n> > (4)  An appointment of a person as a Justice of the Peace is to be notified in the *Gazette*.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Oaths to be taken by justices","content":"### 6 Oaths to be taken by justices\n\n> An appointed justice is not entitled to exercise any of the powers of the office of Justice of the Peace until he or she has taken the judicial oath in accordance with the [Promissory Oaths Act 2015](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-2015-007) on that appointment.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application for reappointment as appointed justice","content":"### 7 Application for reappointment as appointed justice\n\n> > (1)  An appointed justice may apply for reappointment as a Justice of the Peace within 6 months before he or she attains the age of 75 years or the term of his or her appointment expires.\n> \n> > (2)  A person who was an appointed justice may apply for reappointment as a Justice of the Peace within 6 months after his or her appointment was terminated if the termination occurred because he or she attained the age of 75 years or the term of his or her appointment expired.\n> \n> > (3)  An application is to be –\n> > \n> > > > (a) in a form approved by the Secretary; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) lodged with the Secretary.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Reappointment as Justice of the Peace","content":"### 8 Reappointment as Justice of the Peace\n\n> > (1)  An appointed justice or a person referred to in [section 7(2)](#GS7@Gs2@EN) is eligible to be appointed as a Justice of a Peace under this section if he or she –\n> > \n> > > > (a) has not attained the age of 84 years and 6 months; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) is an Australian citizen; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) in the opinion of the Secretary –\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) ordinarily resides in Tasmania; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) before the termination of the appointment is or was actively serving the community in the office of Justice of the Peace; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (iii) is likely to continue to actively serve the community in the office of Justice of the Peace if reappointed; and\n> > > \n> > > > (d) continues to be a fit and proper person to hold the office of Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (2)  On receipt of an application made under [section 7](#GS7@EN) , the Secretary may appoint the applicant to the office of Justice of the Peace if he or she considers that the applicant is eligible to be so appointed.\n> \n> > (3)  An appointment under this section is for the term of 2 years commencing on the termination of the current or immediately preceding appointment to the office of Justice of the Peace, regardless of whether that current or preceding appointment is terminated before or after the reappointment.\n> \n> > (4)  An appointment under this section to the office of Justice of the Peace is to be notified in the *Gazette*.\n> \n> > (5)  [Section 6](#GS6@EN) does not apply in relation to an appointment under this section to the office of Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (6)  Despite [subsection (3)](#GS8@Gs3@EN) , an appointment under this section terminates when the appointed justice attains the age of 85 years.\n> \n> > (7)  If an appointed justice applies for reappointment before his or her appointment is terminated but the Secretary does not determine the application until after that termination, that appointment, for all purposes other than [subsection (3)](#GS8@Gs3@EN) , is taken to continue until the application is determined.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Magistrates as justices","content":"### 9 Magistrates as justices\n\n> A magistrate is a Justice of the Peace by virtue of holding the office of magistrate.","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Powers of justices","content":"### 10 Powers of justices\n\n> > (1)  A justice may exercise the powers conferred on a Justice of the Peace by –\n> > \n> > > > (a) this and any other Act; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) any other law.\n> \n> > (2)  Despite [subsection (1)(b)](#GS10@Gs1@Hpb@EN) , a power conferred on a Justice of the Peace at common law is exercisable only by a justice who is a magistrate.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Ratepayer not disabled from acting as justice","content":"### 11 Ratepayer not disabled from acting as justice\n\n> A justice is not disabled from exercising the powers of a Justice of the Peace in any matter relating to a municipal area by reason only of being –\n> \n> > > (a) a ratepayer; or\n> > \n> > > (b) a member of, or interested in, the concerns of the council.","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Validity of acts of justice","content":"### 12 Validity of acts of justice\n\n> > (1)  An act by an appointed justice in his or her capacity as a Justice of the Peace is not invalid only because –\n> > \n> > > > (a) of a defect or irregularity in, or in connection with, his or her appointment as a Justice of the Peace; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) of the failure of the justice to take an oath or affirmation of office as required by [section 6](#GS6@EN) ; or\n> > > \n> > > > (c) the justice is suspended from the office of Justice of the Peace at the time of doing the act; or\n> > > \n> > > > (d) the appointment of the justice was terminated under [section 43(4)](#GS43@Gs4@EN) before the doing of the act but, at the time of the doing of the act, the justice was unaware of the termination of the appointment.\n> \n> > (2)  An act by a magistrate in his or her capacity as a Justice of the Peace is not invalid only because of a defect or irregularity in, or in connection with, his or her appointment as a magistrate.","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Protection from liability","content":"### 13 Protection from liability\n\n> A justice does not incur any personal liability in respect of any act done or omitted to be done in good faith –\n> \n> > > (a) in the exercise or performance of a power or duty of a justice; or\n> > \n> > > (b) in the reasonable belief that the act or omission was in the exercise or performance of a power or duty of a justice.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Termination of appointment as Justice of the Peace, &c.","content":"### 14 Termination of appointment as Justice of the Peace, &c.\n\n> > (1)  An appointed justice ceases to hold the office of Justice of the Peace, and his or her instrument of appointment is terminated, if –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the justice resigns from the office of Justice of the Peace; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the justice attains the age of 75 years; or\n> > > \n> > > > (c) the justice's appointment under [section 8](#GS8@EN) expires or is terminated by reason of [section 8(6)](#GS8@Gs6@EN) when the justice attains the age of 85 years; or\n> > > \n> > > > (d) the justice ceases to be an Australian citizen; or\n> > > \n> > > > (e) the justice ceases to reside ordinarily in Tasmania; or\n> > > \n> > > > (f) the justice becomes insolvent; or\n> > > \n> > > > (g) the justice is convicted or found guilty of –\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) an offence punishable by a term of imprisonment of 6 months or more; or\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) an offence that, if committed in Tasmania, would constitute an offence referred to in [subparagraph (i)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpg@Hqi@EN) ; or\n> > > \n> > > > (h) the justice is removed from office under [section 31](#GS31@EN) .\n> \n> > (2)  At any time, an appointed justice may resign from the office of Justice of the Peace by notifying the Secretary, in writing, of the resignation.\n> \n> > (3)  If an appointed justice is no longer capable of carrying out the duties of a Justice of the Peace for any reason, a person responsible for the justice, within the meaning of the [Guardianship and Administration Act 1995](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1995-044) , may notify the Secretary, in writing, of that fact and, on behalf of the justice, resign the justice from the office of Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (4)  A notice under [subsection (3)](#GS14@Gs3@EN) is not valid for the purposes of the resignation of an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace unless accompanied by a certificate from a medical practitioner, or a statutory declaration by the person responsible, stating that the justice is incapable of carrying out the duties of a Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (5)  The resignation of an appointed justice takes effect when the notice of resignation is received by the Secretary.\n> \n> > (6)  A justice who holds the office of Justice of the Peace because he or she is a magistrate ceases to hold the office of Justice of the Peace if the justice ceases to hold the office of magistrate.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Duties of Justices","content":"# Part 3 Duties of Justices","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Duties of justices","content":"### 15 Duties of justices\n\n> A justice has the duties imposed by this Act and by any other Act.","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Providing information to Secretary","content":"### 16 Providing information to Secretary\n\n> > (1)  The Secretary, in writing, may require an appointed justice to provide to the Secretary information relating to one or more of the following:\n> > \n> > > > (a) the name, residential address and contact details of the justice;\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the date of birth of the justice;\n> > > \n> > > > (c) the extent to which the justice has been, or proposes to be, available to exercise the powers of a justice for the purpose of meeting the needs of the community where he or she works or resides;\n> > > \n> > > > (d) the carrying out of the justice's duties;\n> > > \n> > > > (e) any matter that the justice is required to report to the Secretary;\n> > > \n> > > > (f) any matter that may be a ground for suspension of the justice or removal of the justice from the office of Justice of the Peace;\n> > > \n> > > > (g) any other prescribed matter.\n> \n> > (2)  A requirement may be made –\n> > \n> > > > (a) at any time but not more than once in every 5 years; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) at any time, regardless of when the last requirement was made, if the Secretary reasonably believes that –\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) the justice may have contravened a requirement of this Act or any other Act; or\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) there may be grounds for the suspension of the justice or the removal of the justice from the office of Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (3)  An appointed justice must comply with a requirement within a reasonable time.","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notifying of change in circumstances","content":"### 17 Notifying of change in circumstances\n\n> > (1)  In this section –\n> > \n> > > ***change in circumstances***, in relation to an appointed justice, means any of the following changes in circumstances:\n> > > \n> > > > > (a) a change in the name, residential address or contact details of the justice;\n> > > > \n> > > > > (b) the justice ceases to be an Australian citizen;\n> > > > \n> > > > > (c) the justice becomes insolvent;\n> > > > \n> > > > > (d) the justice has been charged with, or found guilty of –\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > > (i) an offence punishable by a term of imprisonment of 6 months or more; or\n> > > > > > \n> > > > > > > (ii) an offence that, if committed in Tasmania, would constitute an offence referred to in [subparagraph (i)](#GS17@Gs1@Nd229201654817@Hpd@Hqi@EN) ;\n> > > > \n> > > > > (e) any other change in circumstances prescribed by the regulations.\n> \n> > (2)  Not later than 21 days after a change in his or her circumstances, an appointed justice must notify the Secretary, in writing, of that change.\n> \n> > (3)  An appointed justice who has been charged with an offence referred to in [paragraph (d)(i)](#GS17@Gs1@Nd229201654817@Hpd@Hqi@EN) or [(ii)](#GS17@Gs1@Nd229201654817@Hpd@Hqii@EN) of the [definition of ***change in circumstances***](#GS17@Gs1@Nd229201654817@EN) in [subsection (1)](#GS17@Gs1@EN) must notify the Secretary, in writing, of the outcome of the proceedings on the charge within 21 days after the charge has been determined.","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Requirement to undertake training or professional development","content":"### 18 Requirement to undertake training or professional development\n\n> > (1)  An appointed justice must undertake and complete –\n> > \n> > > > (a) any training or professional development prescribed by the regulations; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) any training that the Secretary requires to be undertaken by the justice or a class of appointed justices of which the justice is a member.\n> \n> > (2)  The Secretary may require an individual appointed justice, by written notice provided to the justice, to undertake the training or professional development specified in the notice.\n> \n> > (3)  The Secretary may require all members of a class of appointed justices specified in a notice published on the Department's website, or in such other manner as the Secretary determines, to undertake the training or professional development specified in the notice.\n> \n> > (4)  In addition to publishing a notice referred to in [subsection (3)](#GS18@Gs3@EN) , the Secretary may provide a copy of that notice to any or all members of the class of appointed justices specified in the notice.","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Requirement to be reasonably available and active","content":"### 19 Requirement to be reasonably available and active\n\n> An appointed justice must be reasonably available to exercise his or her powers as a justice and reasonably active in doing so in the areas in which he or she resides or works.","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Requirement to comply with code of conduct","content":"### 20 Requirement to comply with code of conduct\n\n> An appointed justice must comply with –\n> \n> > > (a) any code of conduct prescribed by the regulations that applies to all appointed justices; and\n> > \n> > > (b) any code of conduct prescribed by the regulations that applies to a class of appointed justices of which the justice is a member.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Suspension and Removal from Office of Justice of the Peace","content":"# Part 4 Suspension and Removal from Office of Justice of the Peace","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Suspension from office of Justice of the Peace","content":"## Division 1 Suspension from office of Justice of the Peace","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Suspension of justice","content":"### 21 Suspension of justice\n\n> > (1)  The Secretary may suspend an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace if satisfied on reasonable grounds that –\n> > \n> > > > (a) an investigation is warranted as to whether there are grounds for the revocation of the appointment of the justice; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the justice is charged with an offence referred to in [section 14(1)(g)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpg@EN) ; or\n> > > \n> > > > (c) the justice has failed to undertake training or professional development as required by or under [section 18](#GS18@EN) .\n> \n> > (2)  The Secretary may not suspend an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace under [subsection (1)](#GS21@Gs1@EN) unless satisfied that the suspension is required –\n> > \n> > > > (a) to protect the administration of justice; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) because public confidence in the office of Justice of the Peace may be damaged if the justice is not suspended.","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notice of suspension","content":"### 22 Notice of suspension\n\n> > (1)  If the Secretary decides to suspend an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace, the Secretary is to provide written notice of the suspension to the justice.\n> \n> > (2)  A notice is to specify –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the grounds for the suspension; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the day on which the suspension takes effect.","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Term of suspension","content":"### 23 Term of suspension\n\n> The suspension of an appointed justice takes effect on the day specified in the notice provided under [section 22](#GS22@EN) and continues until whichever of the following first occurs:\n> \n> > > (a) the suspension is revoked under [section 24](#GS24@EN) ;\n> > \n> > > (b) the justice is removed from the office of Justice of the Peace.","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Revocation of suspension","content":"### 24 Revocation of suspension\n\n> > (1)  If –\n> > \n> > > > (a) an appointed justice is suspended from the office of Justice of the Peace under [section 21(1)(a)](#GS21@Gs1@Hpa@EN) ; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) a report from an investigator under [section 28](#GS28@EN) includes the finding that there are no grounds for the removal from the office of Justice of the Peace of the justice –\n> > \n> > the Secretary is to revoke the suspension as soon as practicable after receipt of the report.\n> \n> > (2)  Despite [subsection (1)](#GS24@Gs1@EN) , if in a case to which that subsection would otherwise apply the Secretary –\n> > \n> > > > (a) under [section 28(6)](#GS28@Gs6@EN) requires the justice to take an action; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) under [section 28(7)](#GS28@Gs7@EN) determines to continue the suspension until the justice complies with the requirement –\n> > \n> > the Secretary is to revoke the suspension when the justice complies with the requirement.\n> \n> > (3)  If –\n> > \n> > > > (a) an appointed justice is suspended from the office of Justice of the Peace under [section 21(1)(a)](#GS21@Gs1@Hpa@EN) ; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) a report from an investigator under [section 28](#GS28@EN) includes the finding that there are grounds for the removal from the office of Justice of the Peace of the justice; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) the Minister ––\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) under [section 30(2)](#GS30@Gs2@EN) , notifies the Secretary that he or she has determined not to recommend to the Governor that the justice be removed from the office of Justice of the Peace –\n> > \n> > the Secretary is to revoke the suspension as soon as practicable after receipt of the notice from the Minister.\n> \n> > (4)  Despite [subsection (3)](#GS24@Gs3@EN) , if in a case to which that subsection would otherwise apply –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the Minister, under [section 30(2)](#GS30@Gs2@EN) , notifies the Secretary that the Secretary is to require the justice to take an action; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the Secretary determines to continue the suspension until the justice complies with the requirement –\n> > \n> > the Secretary is to revoke the suspension when the justice complies with the requirement.\n> \n> > (5)  If an appointed justice is suspended from the office of Justice of the Peace under [section 21(1)(b)](#GS21@Gs1@Hpb@EN) , the Secretary is to revoke the suspension (whether or not it has taken effect) if the charge is dismissed or the justice is found not guilty on the charge.\n> \n> > (6)  The Secretary does not need to comply with [subsection (5)](#GS24@Gs5@EN) if satisfied that there are other grounds for continuing the suspension of the appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (7)  The Secretary, at any time, may revoke a suspension (whether or not it has taken effect and whether it was imposed under [section 21(1)(a)](#GS21@Gs1@Hpa@EN) or [(b)](#GS21@Gs1@Hpb@EN) ) if satisfied that it is appropriate to do so.\n> \n> > (8)  Without limiting the grounds on which the Secretary may determine under [subsection (7)](#GS24@Gs7@EN) that it is appropriate to revoke a suspension, the Secretary may so revoke a suspension imposed because the appointed justice had failed to undertake training or professional development as required by [section 18](#GS18@EN) if satisfied that the justice has undertaken that training or professional development.\n> \n> > (9)  A revocation of the suspension of an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace takes effect on the day specified in the notice of the revocation provided to the justice under [section 25](#GS25@EN) .","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notice of revocation of suspension","content":"### 25 Notice of revocation of suspension\n\n> If the Secretary revokes the suspension of an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace, the Secretary is to provide to the justice written notice of the revocation and the day on which the revocation takes effect.","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"Division 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Investigation of appointed justice's conduct","content":"## Division 2 Investigation of appointed justice's conduct","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authorisation of investigator","content":"### 26 Authorisation of investigator\n\n> > (1)  If the Secretary suspends an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace on any ground other than that the justice has been charged with an offence referred to in [section 14(1)(g)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpg@EN) , the Secretary is to authorise a State Service officer or State Service employee employed in the Department to undertake an investigation into the justice's conduct.\n> \n> > (2)  If the Secretary is satisfied on reasonable grounds that an investigation is warranted as to whether there are grounds for the removal from the office of Justice of the Peace of an appointed justice, but the justice has not been suspended from that office, the Secretary may authorise a State Service officer or State Service employee employed in the Department to undertake an investigation into the justice's conduct.","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Conduct of investigation of appointed justice's conduct","content":"### 27 Conduct of investigation of appointed justice's conduct\n\n> > (1)  An investigator is to investigate whether there are grounds for the removal from the office of Justice of the Peace of an appointed justice.\n> \n> > (2)  Before commencing an investigation, the investigator must provide to the appointed justice written notice stating –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the reason for the investigation; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) that, within 21 days after receiving the notice the justice may make submissions to the investigator, either orally or in writing, or both, in relation to the matters specified in the notice.\n> \n> > (3)  If the investigator and appointed justice agree, the investigator, by written notice provided to the justice, may extend the period within which the justice may make submissions.\n> \n> > (4)  The investigator must not make a report under [section 28](#GS28@EN) unless the investigator has considered any submissions made by the appointed justice within the period allowed for such submissions under this section.","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Report of investigator","content":"### 28 Report of investigator\n\n> > (1)  On concluding an investigation into the conduct of an appointed justice, the investigator is to provide to the Secretary a report on the investigation which includes –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the investigator's finding as to whether or not there are grounds for the removal from the office of Justice of the Peace of the justice; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) if he or she finds that there are such grounds, what those grounds are.\n> \n> > (2)  If the investigator finds that there are no grounds for the removal from the office of Justice of the Peace of the appointed justice, the investigator may include in his or her report recommendations in relation to the justice.\n> \n> > (3)  Without limiting the recommendations that the investigator may include in his or her report under [subsection (2)](#GS28@Gs2@EN) , the recommendations may include that the appointed justice take any actions, including, but not limited to –\n> > \n> > > > (a) apologising; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) undertaking training or professional development.\n> \n> > (4)  On receiving a report from the investigator that finds that there are grounds for the removal from the office of Justice of the Peace of the appointed justice, the Secretary is to provide a copy of it to the Minister together with –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the recommendations of the Secretary as to whether or not the justice should be removed from the office of Justice of the Peace; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) if the Secretary recommends not removing the justice from the office of Justice of the Peace, recommendations as to whether it would be suitable to require the justice to take any actions, including, but not limited to –\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) apologising; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) undertaking training or professional development.\n> \n> > (5)  The Minister is to proceed under [section 30](#GS30@EN) on receiving a copy of the report and the recommendations of the Secretary.\n> \n> > (6)  On receiving a report from the investigator that finds that there are no grounds for the removal from the office of Justice of the Peace of the appointed justice, the Secretary, in addition to proceeding to revoke any relevant suspension of the justice, may require the justice to take any actions the Secretary considers appropriate, including, but not limited to –\n> > \n> > > > (a) apologising; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) undertaking training or professional development.\n> \n> > (7)  If the Secretary, under [subsection (6)](#GS28@Gs6@EN) , requires an appointed justice to apologise or undertake training or professional development, the Secretary may determine that the suspension of the justice continue until the Secretary is satisfied that the justice has complied with that requirement.","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"Division 3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Removal of justice from office of Justice of the Peace","content":"## Division 3 Removal of justice from office of Justice of the Peace","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"29","sectionType":"section","heading":"Grounds for removal from office of Justice of the Peace","content":"### 29 Grounds for removal from office of Justice of the Peace\n\n> The grounds for the removal from the office of Justice of the Peace of an appointed justice are –\n> \n> > > (a) the justice has committed serious or repeated breaches of the code of conduct; or\n> > \n> > > (b) the justice has failed, without reasonable excuse, to undertake training or professional development as required by or under [section 18](#GS18@EN) ; or\n> > \n> > > (c) the justice has failed, without reasonable excuse, to comply with another requirement made or given by the Secretary under this Act; or\n> > \n> > > (d) on at least 3 occasions, the justice has failed, without reasonable excuse, to carry out his or her duties; or\n> > \n> > > (e) the justice has failed, without reasonable excuse, to comply with any provision of this Act; or\n> > \n> > > (f) the justice no longer has the physical or mental capacity to carry out the duties of the office of Justice of the Peace; or\n> > \n> > > (g) the justice has brought the office of Justice of the Peace into disrepute.","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Recommendation that appointed justice be removed from office of Justice of the Peace","content":"### 30 Recommendation that appointed justice be removed from office of Justice of the Peace\n\n> > (1)  The Minister may recommend to the Governor that an appointed justice be removed from the office of Justice of the Peace if the report of an investigator in relation to the conduct of the justice includes the finding that there are grounds for the removal.\n> \n> > (2)  If, despite a report of an investigator finding that there are grounds for the removal of an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace, the Minister determines not to recommend to the Governor that the justice be removed from the office of Justice of the Peace –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the Minister is to notify the Secretary of that determination as soon as reasonably practicable; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the Minister may inform the Secretary that he or she is to require the justice to take one or more actions which may include, but are not limited to –\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) apologising; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) undertaking training or professional development; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) if the justice is suspended from the office of Justice of the Peace, the Secretary is to revoke the suspension.\n> \n> > (3)  If the Secretary, in compliance with [subsection (2)(b)](#GS30@Gs2@Hpb@EN) , requires an appointed justice who is suspended to take any action, the Secretary may determine that the suspension of the justice continue until the Secretary is satisfied that the justice has complied with that requirement.","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"31","sectionType":"section","heading":"Removal from office of Justice of the Peace","content":"### 31 Removal from office of Justice of the Peace\n\n> > (1)  The Governor may remove an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace on the recommendation of the Minister.\n> \n> > (2)  If the Governor removes an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace, notice of that removal is to be –\n> > \n> > > > (a) provided to the justice; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) published in the *Gazette*.\n> \n> > (3)  The notice provided to a justice under [subsection (2)(a)](#GS31@Gs2@Hpa@EN) is to include the reason for his or her removal from the office of Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (4)  [Subsection (2)](#GS31@Gs2@EN) does not apply to a removal of an appointed justice from the office of Justice of the Peace on the ground that the justice no longer has the physical or mental capacity to carry out the duties of that office.","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"32","sectionType":"section","heading":"Re-appointment after removal from office of Justice of the Peace","content":"### 32 Re-appointment after removal from office of Justice of the Peace\n\n> > (1)  A person who has been removed from the office of Justice of the Peace may not be appointed to that office within the period of 5 years commencing on the day on which the notice of the removal is published in the *Gazette* under [section 31(2)(b)](#GS31@Gs2@Hpb@EN) .\n> \n> > (2)  A person who has been removed from the office of Justice of the Peace may be appointed to that office again only on application.\n> \n> > (3)  An application –\n> > \n> > > > (a) may be made only after the end of the 5-year period referred to in [subsection (1)](#GS32@Gs1@EN) ; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) is to be in writing; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) is to include the ground on which the applicant was removed from the office of the Justice of the Peace; and\n> > > \n> > > > (d) is to include any other information prescribed by the regulations or required by the Secretary; and\n> > > \n> > > > (e) is to be lodged with the Secretary.","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"Part 5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Use of Titles","content":"# Part 5 Use of Titles","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"33","sectionType":"section","heading":"Use of title of Justice of the Peace","content":"### 33 Use of title of Justice of the Peace\n\n> A justice may use the title \"Justice of the Peace\" or \"JP\" after his or her name.","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"Part 6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Offences","content":"# Part 6 Offences","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"34","sectionType":"section","heading":"Impersonating justice","content":"### 34 Impersonating justice\n\n> A person who is not a justice must not hold himself or herself out to be a justice.\n> \n> Penalty:  Fine not exceeding 50 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or both.","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"35","sectionType":"section","heading":"False or misleading information","content":"### 35 False or misleading information\n\n> > (1)  A person must not, in providing any information under this Act to the Minister, the Secretary or an investigator –\n> > \n> > > > (a) make a statement knowing it to be false or misleading; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) omit any matter from a statement knowing that without that matter the statement is false or misleading.\n> > \n> > Penalty:  Fine not exceeding 50 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or both.\n> \n> > (2)  Proceedings for an offence against [subsection (1)](#GS35@Gs1@EN) may be commenced at any time within the period of 3 years commencing on the day on which the offence was allegedly committed.","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"36","sectionType":"section","heading":"Demanding or accepting fee, gratuity, &c.","content":"### 36 Demanding or accepting fee, gratuity, &c.\n\n> > (1)  A justice must not demand, take or accept from a person any fee, gratuity, patronage or reward for carrying out the duties of a justice.\n> > \n> > Penalty:  Fine not exceeding 100 penalty units or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or both.\n> \n> > (2)  [Subsection (1)](#GS36@Gs1@EN) does not apply to the remuneration paid to a magistrate in respect of his or her office as magistrate.\n> \n> > (3)  If an appointed justice is employed in any position, [subsection (1)](#GS36@Gs1@EN) does not apply to the remuneration paid to the appointed justice by his or her employer in respect of that employment despite one of the duties of that employment being that the person carry out the duties of a Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (4)  For the purposes of [subsection (1)](#GS36@Gs1@EN) , it is immaterial –\n> > \n> > > > (a) whether the fee, gratuity, patronage or reward is paid to the appointed justice or to another person; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) whether the appointed justice personally benefits from the fee, gratuity, patronage or reward.","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"Part 7","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"# Part 7 Miscellaneous","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"37","sectionType":"section","heading":"Abrogation of assignment of justices under commission of the peace","content":"### 37 Abrogation of assignment of justices under commission of the peace\n\n> A person may not be assigned a justice under a commission of the peace.","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"38","sectionType":"section","heading":"Register of justices","content":"### 38 Register of justices\n\n> > (1)  The Secretary is to maintain a register of –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the name, address and date of birth of each appointed justice; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the registration number allocated to each appointed justice; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) in the case of an appointed justice –\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) the date of his or her appointment; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) the date on which he or she will attain the age of 75 years, being the date on which his or her appointment is terminated under [section 14(1)(b)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpb@EN) ; and\n> > > \n> > > > (d) in the case of –\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) the termination, under [section 14(1)(d)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpd@EN) , [(e)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpe@EN) , [(f)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpf@EN) or [(g)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpg@EN) , of a justice's appointment as Justice of the Peace; or\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) the removal of the justice from the office of Justice of the Peace under [section 31](#GS31@EN)  –\n> > > > \n> > > > the date of that termination or removal; and\n> > > \n> > > > (e) such other matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.\n> \n> > (2)  The Secretary may publish the register, or information contained in the register –\n> > \n> > > > (a) if he or she considers it appropriate and convenient; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) in such manner as he or she considers appropriate.","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"39","sectionType":"section","heading":"Guidelines","content":"### 39 Guidelines\n\n> > (1)  The Secretary may issue guidelines for or with respect to any matter relating to appointed justices including, but not limited to –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the process relating to the appointment of justices; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the manner in which justices are to carry out their duties; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) the training and professional development of justices; and\n> > > \n> > > > (d) the handling of complaints against justices.\n> \n> > (2)  The Secretary may amend, revoke or revoke and substitute the guidelines.\n> \n> > (3)  The Secretary is to publish the guidelines in such manner as he or she considers appropriate.","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"40","sectionType":"section","heading":"Delegation by Secretary","content":"### 40 Delegation by Secretary\n\n> The Secretary may delegate to a State Service officer, or State Service employee, employed in the Department any of his or her functions or powers under this Act, other than this power of delegation.","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"41","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulations","content":"### 41 Regulations\n\n> > (1)  The Governor may make regulations for the purposes of this Act.\n> \n> > (2)  Without limiting the generality of [subsection (1)](#GS41@Gs1@EN) , the regulations may be made in relation to –\n> > \n> > > > (a) a code of conduct applying to all, or a class of, appointed justices that includes, but is not limited to –\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) the use of titles; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) conflicts of interest; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (iii) competency and knowledge requirements; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (iv) confidentiality of information obtained by appointed justices in the course of exercising their powers; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (v) the requirement to be reasonably available to exercise the powers of an appointed justice for the purpose of meeting the needs of the community in the area in which the justice resides or works and to be reasonably active in doing so; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the courses of training or professional development to be completed by any of the following:\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) a person seeking to be appointed as a justice;\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) an appointed justice; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) the records to be kept by appointed justices.\n> \n> > (3)  The regulations may be made so as to apply differently according to matters, limitations or restrictions, whether as to time, circumstance or otherwise, specified in the regulations.\n> \n> > (4)  The regulations may –\n> > \n> > > > (a) provide that a contravention of any of the regulations is an offence; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) in respect of such an offence, provide for the imposition of a fine not exceeding 50 penalty units and, in the case of a continuing offence, a further fine not exceeding 10 penalty units for each day during which the offence continues.\n> \n> > (5)  The regulations may authorise any matter to be from time to time determined, applied or regulated by a person or body specified in the regulations.\n> \n> > (6)  The regulations may adopt, either wholly or in part and with or without modification, and either specifically or by reference any rules, codes or guidelines, whether the rules, codes or guidelines were published or issued before or after the commencement of this Act.\n> \n> > (7)  A reference in [subsection (6)](#GS41@Gs6@EN) to rules, codes or guidelines includes a reference to an amendment of those rules, codes or guidelines whether the amendment is published or issued before or after the commencement of this Act.","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"42","sectionType":"section","heading":"Administration of Act","content":"### 42 Administration of Act\n\n> Until provision is made in relation to this Act by order under [section 4 of the](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1990-004#GS4@EN) [Administrative Arrangements Act 1990](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1990-004)  –\n> \n> > > (a) the administration of this Act is assigned to the Minister for Justice; and\n> > \n> > > (b) the department responsible to that Minister in relation to the administration of this Act is the Department of Justice.","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"43","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transitional and savings","content":"### 43 Transitional and savings\n\n> > (1)  In this section –\n> > \n> > > ***commencement day*** means the day on which this Act commences.\n> \n> > (2)  If, immediately before the commencement day –\n> > \n> > > > (a) a person holds the office of Justice of the Peace in accordance with an appointment under [section 4(1) of the](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077#GS4@Gs1@EN) [Justices Act 1959](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077) ; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the person has not attained the age of 75 years –\n> > \n> > the person may notify the Secretary, in the form provided by the Secretary, that he or she wishes to continue in the office of Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (3)  If under [subsection (2)](#GS43@Gs2@EN) a person notifies the Secretary, before the commencement day, that he or she wishes to continue in the office of Justice of the Peace and the person is eligible under [section 5](#GS5@EN) to be appointed as a Justice of the Peace –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the person is taken to have been appointed as a Justice of the Peace under [section 5](#GS5@EN) of this Act; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) this Act, accordingly, applies to the person in his or her capacity as Justice of the Peace; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) a reference in his or her instrument of appointment to a provision or Part of the [Justices Act 1959](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077) that has been repealed by this Act is taken to be a reference to the corresponding provision or Part of this Act.\n> \n> > (4)  If, before the commencement day, a person referred to in [subsection (2)](#GS43@Gs2@EN)  –\n> > \n> > > > (a) has not notified the Secretary, under [subsection (2)](#GS43@Gs2@EN) , that he or she wishes to continue in the office of Justice of the Peace; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) has so notified the Secretary but is not eligible under [section 5](#GS5@EN) to be appointed to the office of Justice of the Peace –\n> > \n> > the appointment of the person to the office of Justice of the Peace is terminated on the commencement day.\n> \n> > (5)  If –\n> > \n> > > > (a) immediately before the commencement day, a person holds the office of Justice of the Peace in accordance with an appointment under [section 4(1) of the](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077#GS4@Gs1@EN) [Justices Act 1959](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077) ; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the person has attained the age of 75 years before the commencement day –\n> > \n> > the person may notify the Secretary, in the form provided by the Secretary, that he or she wishes to continue in the office of Justice of the Peace.\n> \n> > (6)  If under [subsection (5)](#GS43@Gs5@EN) a person notifies the Secretary, before the commencement day, that he or she wishes to continue in the office of Justice of the Peace and the person is eligible under [section 8](#GS8@EN) to be appointed as a Justice of the Peace –\n> > \n> > > > (a) the person is taken to have been appointed as a Justice of the Peace under [section 8](#GS8@EN) of this Act; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) despite anything to the contrary in his or her instrument of appointment, the term of that reappointment is the period of 2 years commencing on the commencement day unless sooner terminated under [section 14(1)(a)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpa@EN) , [(c)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpc@EN) , [(d)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpd@EN) , [(e)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpe@EN) , [(f)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpf@EN) , [(g)](#GS14@Gs1@Hpg@EN) or [(h)](#GS14@Gs1@Hph@EN) ; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) this Act, accordingly, applies to the person in his or her capacity as Justice of the Peace; and\n> > > \n> > > > (d) a reference in his or her instrument of appointment –\n> > > > \n> > > > > > (i) to the section of the [Justices Act 1959](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077) under which he or she was appointed a Justice of the Peace is taken to be a reference to [section 8](#GS8@EN) of this Act; and\n> > > > > \n> > > > > > (ii) to another provision, or a Part, of the [Justices Act 1959](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077) that has been repealed by this Act is taken to be a reference to the corresponding provision or Part of this Act.\n> \n> > (7)  If, before the commencement day, a person referred to in [subsection (5)](#GS43@Gs5@EN)  –\n> > \n> > > > (a) has not notified the Secretary, under [subsection (5)](#GS43@Gs5@EN) , that he or she wishes to continue in the office of Justice of the Peace; or\n> > > \n> > > > (b) has so notified the Secretary but is not eligible under [section 8](#GS8@EN) to be appointed to the office of Justice of the Peace –\n> > \n> > the appointment of the person to the office of Justice of the Peace is terminated on the commencement day.\n> \n> > (8)  For the purposes of this section, a person who was assigned a justice under a commission of the peace is taken to have been appointed, before the commencement day, to the office of Justice of the Peace in accordance with [section 4(1) of the](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077#GS4@Gs1@EN) [Justices Act 1959](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077) .\n\n*\n\n**44.**   \n\n> See [Schedule 1](#JS1@EN) .\n\n*","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"44.","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### 44.\n\n> See [Schedule 1](#JS1@EN) .","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"45","sectionType":"section","heading":"Validation","content":"### 45 Validation\n\n> [*\\[Section 45 Inserted by No. 19 of 2021, s. 12, Applied:05 Nov 2021\\]*](/view/html/inforce/2021-11-05/act-2021-019#GS12@EN)\n> \n> > (1)  In this section –\n> > \n> > > ***amending Act*** means the [Validation Act 2021](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-2021-019) ;\n> > \n> > > ***commencement day*** means the day on which this Act commenced;\n> > \n> > > ***validation day*** means the day on which the amending Act commences.\n> \n> > (2)  If –\n> > \n> > > > (a) a person was a person who held, immediately before the commencement day, the office of Justice of the Peace in accordance with an appointment under [section 4(1) of the](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077#GS4@Gs1@EN) [Justices Act 1959](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077) or who is taken, in accordance with [section 43(8)](#GS43@Gs8@EN) , to be such a person for the purposes of [section 43](#GS43@EN) ; and\n> > > \n> > > > (b) the person did not, before the commencement day, notify the Secretary under [section 43(2)](#GS43@Gs2@EN) or [(5)](#GS43@Gs5@EN) that he or she wishes to continue in the office of Justice of the Peace; and\n> > > \n> > > > (c) after the commencement day but before the validation day, the person purported to perform or exercise a function or power of a Justice of the Peace under this Act –\n> > > \n> > > then, despite any other provision of this Act, and irrespective of whether or not the person was eligible under [section 8](#GS8@EN) to be appointed as a Justice of the Peace under that section –\n> > > \n> > > > (d) the person is to be taken to have been, and to always have been, validly appointed under [section 8](#GS8@EN) as a Justice of the Peace on and from the commencement day until the validation day; and\n> > > \n> > > > (e) the performance or exercise of the function or power is not to be taken to be, or to ever have been, invalid by reason only that the person was not, but for this section, validly appointed under [section 8](#GS8@EN) as a Justice of the Peace on and from the commencement day until the validation day.","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"SCHEDULE 1 - Consequential Ame","sectionType":"part","heading":"SCHEDULE 1 - Consequential Amendments","content":"# SCHEDULE 1 - Consequential Ame SCHEDULE 1 - Consequential Amendments\n\n[Section 44](#GS44@EN) [Justices Act 1959](/view/html/inforce/2026-04-12/act-1959-077)","sortOrder":55}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"This Act replaces and modernises the prior Justices Act framework (transitional references to the Justices Act 1959 appear: s 43). It centralises administrative control in the Department and Secretary (appointment information, investigations, suspensions: ss 4, 16, 21, 26–28), introduces explicit duties and training requirements for JPs (ss 18–20), abolishes assignment under the historic commission of the peace (s 37), and creates a formal disciplinary/removal route through Minister/Governor decisions (ss 30–31). These changes shift routine compliance costs onto appointed JPs while concentrating decision discre­tion in executive officers (Secretary, Minister, Governor)."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple decision-makers with distinct powers increases procedural layers (Minister recommends removals to Governor: ss 30–31; Secretary suspends, investigates, and enforces: ss 21, 24, 26–28).","Broad discretionary standards for appointment and fitness (‘in the opinion of the Minister/Secretary’, fit and proper): ss 5(c), 8(c),(d).","Detailed compliance obligations on appointed justices (information, notifications, availability, training, code compliance) creating recurring administrative burden: ss 16–20.","Structured investigation and review process with statutory timeframes and report obligations (investigator notices, 21-day submissions, report to Secretary and Minister): ss 26–28.","Specific removal grounds and reappointment limits (age caps, cumulative failures) require evidential and recordkeeping work: ss 14, 29, 32.","Criminal offences and penalties for impersonation, false information and improper fees add enforcement complexity and legal risk: ss 34–36.","Regulatory delegation and broad rulemaking powers enable detailed standards to be set by regulation or guidelines, increasing implementation variability: ss 39–41, 40 (delegation).","Transitional and validation clauses interact with pre-existing law (replacement of Justices Act 1959 and validation of interim acts) adding transitional legal complexity: ss 37, 43, 45.","Publication and confidentiality choices (register publication, codes, guidelines) create discretionary disclosure and privacy trade-offs: ss 38, 20, 39."],"plain_english_summary":"This Act creates a Tasmanian framework for appointing, regulating, disciplining and removing Justices of the Peace. It sets who is eligible, how appointments and reappointments work, duties (training, availability, codes of conduct), investigation and suspension procedures, offences and a public register.\n\nThe rules affect applicants, appointed JPs, magistrates, the Secretary, the Minister and the Governor: JPs bear most compliance costs (training, reporting, availability) while the Department and Minister/Governor hold decision and enforcement powers."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation appears to maintain its original scope as a comprehensive statute governing the appointment, powers, duties, and removal of Justices of the Peace. The 2021 amendment adding section 45 (validation) and Schedule 1 (consequential amendments) represents a technical fix for transitional issues rather than scope creep. The Act remains focused on its core purpose of regulating JPs in Tasmania."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple appointment pathways with different eligibility criteria (initial appointment under s.5 vs reappointment under s.8)","Nested conditional logic in suspension and revocation provisions (ss.21-24, 28, 30) with multiple triggers and exceptions","Extensive cross-referencing between sections (e.g., termination grounds in s.14 referenced throughout)","Transitional provisions (s.43) with multiple scenarios based on age and notification status at commencement","Validation provision (s.45) with retrospective effect to fix administrative oversights","27 defined terms in the interpretation section (s.3), some with nested definitions (e.g., 'insolvent' with 4 sub-paragraphs)","Regulation-making powers (s.41) that allow adoption of external documents and differential application","Multiple decision-makers with distinct roles (Governor, Minister, Secretary, investigator) creating layered administrative process"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this law does:**\n\nThis is the **Justices of the Peace Act 2018** (Tasmania). It sets up the rules for who can become a Justice of the Peace (JP), what they can do, how they must behave, and how they can be removed from office.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n\n- **Ordinary people** who want to become JPs to help their community (witnessing documents, certifying copies, etc.)\n- **Magistrates** (who automatically become JPs by virtue of their job)\n- **The Secretary of the Department** (who manages the system)\n- **The Minister for Justice** (who makes final decisions on appointments and removals)\n\n**Key things the law covers:**\n\n- **Getting appointed:** You must be 18–75 years old, an Australian citizen, live in Tasmania, understand the role, speak good English, and complete training. The Governor makes the appointment on the Minister's recommendation.\n- **Reappointment:** JPs can apply to keep working until age 85, but only in 2-year blocks and only if they're still active and capable.\n- **What JPs can do:** They can exercise powers given by any Tasmanian law or other law, though some common law powers are reserved for magistrates only.\n- **Duties and rules:** JPs must be reasonably available, keep their details updated, do required training, and follow a code of conduct. They can't charge fees for JP work (unless they're a magistrate or employed specifically to do JP work).\n- **Getting in trouble:** The Secretary can suspend a JP while investigating misconduct. An investigator looks into serious complaints and reports to the Minister. The Governor can remove a JP for things like repeated misconduct, incompetence, bringing the office into disrepute, or losing mental/physical capacity.\n- **Protection:** JPs are protected from personal liability if they act in good faith.\n- **Transition:** It replaced the old *Justices Act 1959* and allowed existing JPs to transition to the new system.\n\n**Why it matters:**\n\nJPs perform important community functions like witnessing affidavits (sworn statements) and certifying documents. This law ensures they are properly qualified, accountable, and can be removed if they misbehave—protecting public trust in the system."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Based on the available text, there is no evidence the Act deviated from its original intent of regulating the appointment and conduct of Justices of the Peace in Tasmania. The Act appears straightforward in its purpose and scope. Insufficient detail was provided to identify any significant scope creep or narrowing."},"complexity_factors":["Limited substantive legislative text was provided — mostly administrative metadata and headers, preventing deep analysis","JPs operate across multiple legal contexts (civil, criminal, administrative), which can create some cross-jurisdictional complexity","Appointment, conduct, and removal provisions typically involve interaction with other legislation and government administrative processes","The Act is Tasmanian-specific, meaning it must be read alongside federal and other state frameworks governing document witnessing"],"plain_english_summary":"The Justices of the Peace Act 2018 (Tasmania) sets a legal framework for appointing and regulating volunteer Justices of the Peace who witness signatures, certify documents and take statutory declarations. \n\nIt affects prospective and current JPs and anyone relying on JP services, by clarifying who may serve, their powers, standards of conduct and accountability — ensuring reliable, consistent community access to these everyday legal services."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/justices-of-the-peace-act-2018","history":"/api/acts/justices-of-the-peace-act-2018/history","analysis":"/api/acts/justices-of-the-peace-act-2018/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/justices-of-the-peace-act-2018/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/justices-of-the-peace-act-2018/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/justices-of-the-peace-act-2018/documents"}}