{"id":"qld:act-1995-042","name":"Jury Act 1995","slug":"jury-act-1995","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"qld","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"42 of 1995","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":104720,"registerId":"qld-act-1995-042-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"pt.1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"sec.1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Short title","content":"### sec.1 Short title\n\nThis Act may be cited as the Jury Act 1995 .","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"sec.2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"### sec.2 Commencement\n\nThis Act commences on a day to be fixed by proclamation.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"sec.3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions—the dictionary","content":"### sec.3 Definitions—the dictionary\n\nThe dictionary in schedule 3 defines particular words used in this Act.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"pt.2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Citizen’s obligation to perform jury service","content":"# Citizen’s obligation to perform jury service","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"sec.4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Qualification to serve as juror","content":"### sec.4 Qualification to serve as juror\n\nA person is qualified to serve as a juror at a trial within a jury district ( qualified for jury service ) if—\nthe person is enrolled as an elector; and\nthe person’s address as shown on the electoral roll is within the jury district; and\nthe person is eligible for jury service.\nA person who is enrolled as an elector is eligible for jury service unless the person is mentioned in subsection (3) .\nThe following persons are not eligible for jury service—\nthe Governor;\na member of Parliament;\na local government mayor or other councillor;\na person who is or has been a judge or magistrate (in the State or elsewhere);\na person who is or has been a presiding member of the Land and Resources Tribunal;\na lawyer actually engaged in legal work;\na person who is or has been a police officer (in the State or elsewhere);\na detention centre employee;\na corrective services officer;\na person who is 70 years or more, if the person has not elected to be eligible for jury service under subsection (4) ;\na person who is not able to read or write the English language;\na person who has a physical or mental disability that makes the person incapable of effectively performing the functions of a juror;\na person who has been convicted of an indictable offence, whether on indictment or in a summary proceeding;\na person who has been sentenced (in the State or elsewhere) to imprisonment.\nA person who is 70 years or more may elect to be eligible for jury service in the way prescribed under a regulation.\ns 4 amd 1996 No. 80 s 3 ; 2000 No. 63 s 276 sch 2 ; 2002 No. 34 s 27 ; 2002 No. 39 s 154 ; 2004 No. 43 s 3 sch\n(sec.4-ssec.1) A person is qualified to serve as a juror at a trial within a jury district ( qualified for jury service ) if— the person is enrolled as an elector; and the person’s address as shown on the electoral roll is within the jury district; and the person is eligible for jury service.\n(sec.4-ssec.2) A person who is enrolled as an elector is eligible for jury service unless the person is mentioned in subsection (3) .\n(sec.4-ssec.3) The following persons are not eligible for jury service— the Governor; a member of Parliament; a local government mayor or other councillor; a person who is or has been a judge or magistrate (in the State or elsewhere); a person who is or has been a presiding member of the Land and Resources Tribunal; a lawyer actually engaged in legal work; a person who is or has been a police officer (in the State or elsewhere); a detention centre employee; a corrective services officer; a person who is 70 years or more, if the person has not elected to be eligible for jury service under subsection (4) ; a person who is not able to read or write the English language; a person who has a physical or mental disability that makes the person incapable of effectively performing the functions of a juror; a person who has been convicted of an indictable offence, whether on indictment or in a summary proceeding; a person who has been sentenced (in the State or elsewhere) to imprisonment.\n(sec.4-ssec.4) A person who is 70 years or more may elect to be eligible for jury service in the way prescribed under a regulation.\n- (a) the person is enrolled as an elector; and\n- (b) the person’s address as shown on the electoral roll is within the jury district; and\n- (c) the person is eligible for jury service.\n- (a) the Governor;\n- (b) a member of Parliament;\n- (c) a local government mayor or other councillor;\n- (d) a person who is or has been a judge or magistrate (in the State or elsewhere);\n- (e) a person who is or has been a presiding member of the Land and Resources Tribunal;\n- (f) a lawyer actually engaged in legal work;\n- (g) a person who is or has been a police officer (in the State or elsewhere);\n- (h) a detention centre employee;\n- (i) a corrective services officer;\n- (j) a person who is 70 years or more, if the person has not elected to be eligible for jury service under subsection (4) ;\n- (k) a person who is not able to read or write the English language;\n- (l) a person who has a physical or mental disability that makes the person incapable of effectively performing the functions of a juror;\n- (m) a person who has been convicted of an indictable offence, whether on indictment or in a summary proceeding;\n- (n) a person who has been sentenced (in the State or elsewhere) to imprisonment.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"sec.5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Obligation to perform jury service","content":"### sec.5 Obligation to perform jury service\n\nA person who is qualified for jury service is liable to perform jury service unless the person is excused from jury service by a judge or the sheriff.\nFor power to excuse from jury service, see sections 19 to 23 .","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"sec.6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Verdict not to be questioned on ground of qualification of juror","content":"### sec.6 Verdict not to be questioned on ground of qualification of juror\n\nThe fact that a person who is not qualified for jury service serves on a jury is not a ground for questioning the verdict.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"pt.3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Jury districts and jury rolls","content":"# Jury districts and jury rolls","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"pt.3-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Jury districts","content":"## Jury districts","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"sec.7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Jury districts—establishment and boundaries","content":"### sec.7 Jury districts—establishment and boundaries\n\nA jury district may be established or abolished under a regulation.\nThe boundaries of a jury district are as defined under a regulation.\n(sec.7-ssec.1) A jury district may be established or abolished under a regulation.\n(sec.7-ssec.2) The boundaries of a jury district are as defined under a regulation.","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"sec.8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Assignment of responsibility for jury districts to other sheriffs and persons","content":"### sec.8 Assignment of responsibility for jury districts to other sheriffs and persons\n\nResponsibility for carrying out the sheriff of Queensland’s functions under this Act for a particular jury district may be assigned under a regulation to—\na deputy sheriff; or\nanother officer or person specified under a regulation.\nThe deputy sheriffs are appointed under the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 .\nHowever, despite an assignment of responsibility under this section, the sheriff of Queensland—\nremains responsible for keeping jury rolls and preparing lists of prospective jurors for all jury districts; and\nmay, by agreement with the person to whom responsibility for a particular jury district has been assigned, issue notices and summonses to prospective jurors for the jury district.\nSee sections 18 (Notice to prospective jurors) and 27 (Summons for jury service).\ns 8 amd 2011 No. 45 s 150\n(sec.8-ssec.1) Responsibility for carrying out the sheriff of Queensland’s functions under this Act for a particular jury district may be assigned under a regulation to— a deputy sheriff; or another officer or person specified under a regulation. The deputy sheriffs are appointed under the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 .\n(sec.8-ssec.2) However, despite an assignment of responsibility under this section, the sheriff of Queensland— remains responsible for keeping jury rolls and preparing lists of prospective jurors for all jury districts; and may, by agreement with the person to whom responsibility for a particular jury district has been assigned, issue notices and summonses to prospective jurors for the jury district. See sections 18 (Notice to prospective jurors) and 27 (Summons for jury service).\n- (a) a deputy sheriff; or\n- (b) another officer or person specified under a regulation. Editor’s note— The deputy sheriffs are appointed under the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 .\n- (a) remains responsible for keeping jury rolls and preparing lists of prospective jurors for all jury districts; and\n- (b) may, by agreement with the person to whom responsibility for a particular jury district has been assigned, issue notices and summonses to prospective jurors for the jury district. Editor’s note— See sections 18 (Notice to prospective jurors) and 27 (Summons for jury service).","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"pt.3-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Jury rolls","content":"## Jury rolls","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"sec.9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Keeping of jury rolls","content":"### sec.9 Keeping of jury rolls\n\nThe sheriff of Queensland must keep a jury roll for each jury district.\nA jury roll may be kept in any way, including, for example, by computer.\n(sec.9-ssec.1) The sheriff of Queensland must keep a jury roll for each jury district.\n(sec.9-ssec.2) A jury roll may be kept in any way, including, for example, by computer.","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"sec.10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Jury roll for a jury district","content":"### sec.10 Jury roll for a jury district\n\nThe jury roll for a particular jury district must consist of a list of the names, addresses and occupations of electors whose addresses, as recorded in an electoral roll, are within the jury district.\nHowever, the sheriff of Queensland must exclude from the jury roll the names of persons who are, to the sheriff’s knowledge, not qualified for jury service.\nThe sheriff of Queensland may make reasonable inquiries to find out which persons enrolled as electors for addresses in a particular jury district should be excluded from the jury roll.\n(sec.10-ssec.1) The jury roll for a particular jury district must consist of a list of the names, addresses and occupations of electors whose addresses, as recorded in an electoral roll, are within the jury district.\n(sec.10-ssec.2) However, the sheriff of Queensland must exclude from the jury roll the names of persons who are, to the sheriff’s knowledge, not qualified for jury service.\n(sec.10-ssec.3) The sheriff of Queensland may make reasonable inquiries to find out which persons enrolled as electors for addresses in a particular jury district should be excluded from the jury roll.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"sec.11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Electoral commission to give information","content":"### sec.11 Electoral commission to give information\n\nIf asked by the sheriff of Queensland, the electoral commission must—\ngive the sheriff information reasonably required for keeping a jury roll; and\nallow the sheriff access to any information the commission has relevant to the keeping of jury rolls.\n- (a) give the sheriff information reasonably required for keeping a jury roll; and\n- (b) allow the sheriff access to any information the commission has relevant to the keeping of jury rolls.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"sec.12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Arrangements with commissioner of the police service","content":"### sec.12 Arrangements with commissioner of the police service\n\nFor keeping a jury roll, the sheriff or the electoral commission may arrange with the commissioner of the police service for the police service to—\nmake inquiries reasonably required for keeping a jury roll; or\ngive other reasonable help relevant to keeping a jury roll.\nThe sheriff or the electoral commission must give a police officer helping under the arrangement any information the sheriff or commission has that may help the officer conduct the inquiries.\nSubsection (1) does not limit the help the sheriff or the electoral commission may require.\nThe Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 does not apply to the disclosure of information for inquiries, or to the sheriff or the electoral commission, under this section.\ns 12 amd 1996 No. 80 s 4\nsub 2000 No. 5 s 373 sch 2\namd 2000 No. 5 s 461 sch 3 (amd 2000 No. 22 s 28 (5) ); 2002 No. 23 s 51\n(sec.12-ssec.1) For keeping a jury roll, the sheriff or the electoral commission may arrange with the commissioner of the police service for the police service to— make inquiries reasonably required for keeping a jury roll; or give other reasonable help relevant to keeping a jury roll.\n(sec.12-ssec.2) The sheriff or the electoral commission must give a police officer helping under the arrangement any information the sheriff or commission has that may help the officer conduct the inquiries.\n(sec.12-ssec.3) Subsection (1) does not limit the help the sheriff or the electoral commission may require.\n(sec.12-ssec.4) The Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 does not apply to the disclosure of information for inquiries, or to the sheriff or the electoral commission, under this section.\n- (a) make inquiries reasonably required for keeping a jury roll; or\n- (b) give other reasonable help relevant to keeping a jury roll.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Assembly of jurors","content":"# Assembly of jurors","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"General powers of Senior Judge Administrator","content":"## General powers of Senior Judge Administrator","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"sec.13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Practice directions","content":"### sec.13 Practice directions\n\nAfter consulting with the Chief Judge of the District Court and the President of the Childrens Court, the Senior Judge Administrator may issue directions under the Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 about—\nThe Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991 , section 51 , deals with the responsibility of the Senior Judge Administrator for the administration of the Supreme Court in the Trial Division. The section empowers the Senior Judge Administrator, among other things, to issue directions about the practices and procedures of the Supreme Court in the Trial Division (s 51(2)).\nthe preparation of lists of prospective jurors for each jury district and, in particular, how often a fresh list is to be prepared for each jury district; and\nsummoning and assembling prospective jurors for jury service; and\nforming panels of prospective jurors from the available persons who have been summoned for jury service in a jury district so juries may be selected for civil and criminal trials that are to begin in the jury district; and\nthe criteria for excusing from jury service and the circumstances in which a person may be excused permanently from jury service; and\njury members being informed of the names of the parties and any witnesses to be called.\ns 13 amd 2002 No. 34 s 28 ; 2002 No. 39 s 155\n- (a) the preparation of lists of prospective jurors for each jury district and, in particular, how often a fresh list is to be prepared for each jury district; and\n- (b) summoning and assembling prospective jurors for jury service; and\n- (c) forming panels of prospective jurors from the available persons who have been summoned for jury service in a jury district so juries may be selected for civil and criminal trials that are to begin in the jury district; and\n- (d) the criteria for excusing from jury service and the circumstances in which a person may be excused permanently from jury service; and\n- (e) jury members being informed of the names of the parties and any witnesses to be called.","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"sec.14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Administrative directions","content":"### sec.14 Administrative directions\n\nAfter consulting with the Chief Judge of the District Court, the Senior Judge Administrator may give administrative directions for the proper and efficient administration of this Act to sheriffs and other persons engaged in the administration of this Act.\ns 14 amd 2002 No. 34 s 29","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Preparation of lists of prospective jurors","content":"## Preparation of lists of prospective jurors","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"sec.15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Lists of prospective jurors","content":"### sec.15 Lists of prospective jurors\n\nThe sheriff of Queensland must prepare lists of prospective jurors for each jury district.\nThe sheriff of Queensland may decide how often a list of prospective jurors is to be prepared for each jury district and the number of persons to be included in each list according to the sheriff’s estimate of the likely need for jurors in the jury district.\nHowever—\nthe sheriff of Queensland must comply with requirements under the practice directions about how often fresh lists of prospective jurors are to be prepared for each jury district; and\nsubject to the practice directions, the sheriff of Queensland must comply with the request of another sheriff—\nfor the preparation of lists of prospective jurors for the jury district for which the other sheriff is responsible; and\nabout the number of prospective jurors to be included in each list.\n(sec.15-ssec.1) The sheriff of Queensland must prepare lists of prospective jurors for each jury district.\n(sec.15-ssec.2) The sheriff of Queensland may decide how often a list of prospective jurors is to be prepared for each jury district and the number of persons to be included in each list according to the sheriff’s estimate of the likely need for jurors in the jury district.\n(sec.15-ssec.3) However— the sheriff of Queensland must comply with requirements under the practice directions about how often fresh lists of prospective jurors are to be prepared for each jury district; and subject to the practice directions, the sheriff of Queensland must comply with the request of another sheriff— for the preparation of lists of prospective jurors for the jury district for which the other sheriff is responsible; and about the number of prospective jurors to be included in each list.\n- (a) the sheriff of Queensland must comply with requirements under the practice directions about how often fresh lists of prospective jurors are to be prepared for each jury district; and\n- (b) subject to the practice directions, the sheriff of Queensland must comply with the request of another sheriff— (i) for the preparation of lists of prospective jurors for the jury district for which the other sheriff is responsible; and (ii) about the number of prospective jurors to be included in each list.\n- (i) for the preparation of lists of prospective jurors for the jury district for which the other sheriff is responsible; and\n- (ii) about the number of prospective jurors to be included in each list.\n- (i) for the preparation of lists of prospective jurors for the jury district for which the other sheriff is responsible; and\n- (ii) about the number of prospective jurors to be included in each list.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"sec.16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Selection of persons to be included in list of prospective jurors","content":"### sec.16 Selection of persons to be included in list of prospective jurors\n\nThe names of persons to be included in the list of prospective jurors are to be drawn from the jury roll for the relevant jury district.\nThe selection must be made—\nby a computer programmed to make a random selection of names from the jury roll; or\nby random selection of cards bearing the names of, or numbers representing, the persons whose names are on the jury roll.\n(sec.16-ssec.1) The names of persons to be included in the list of prospective jurors are to be drawn from the jury roll for the relevant jury district.\n(sec.16-ssec.2) The selection must be made— by a computer programmed to make a random selection of names from the jury roll; or by random selection of cards bearing the names of, or numbers representing, the persons whose names are on the jury roll.\n- (a) by a computer programmed to make a random selection of names from the jury roll; or\n- (b) by random selection of cards bearing the names of, or numbers representing, the persons whose names are on the jury roll.","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"sec.17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Copies of list must be given to other sheriffs","content":"### sec.17 Copies of list must be given to other sheriffs\n\nWhen the sheriff of Queensland prepares a list of prospective jurors for a jury district for which another sheriff is responsible, the sheriff of Queensland must give a copy of the list to the other sheriff.","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Notice to prospective jurors","content":"## Notice to prospective jurors","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"sec.18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notice to prospective jurors","content":"### sec.18 Notice to prospective jurors\n\nThe sheriff must give each prospective juror a written notice (a notice to prospective jurors ) stating—\nthe person may be summoned for jury service; and\nthe jury service period for which the person may be summoned.\nWithout limiting the ways the notice to prospective jurors may be given, the notice may be given by email or other electronic means.\nThe notice to prospective jurors must—\ninclude or be accompanied by, or give instructions for accessing, the following documents—\na questionnaire (a prospective juror questionnaire ) to find out whether the person is qualified to serve as a juror and, if the person claims not to be qualified to serve as a juror, the ground of the claim;\na form (an application form ) to enable the person to apply to be excused from jury service; and\nstate the ways the completed documents may be returned to the sheriff.\nA person to whom the notice is given must not fail to return the completed prospective juror questionnaire to the sheriff within the reasonable time allowed in the notice, unless the person has a reasonable excuse.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\nIf the person wants to be excused from jury service, the person must return the completed application form to the sheriff.\nUnless permitted by the practice directions, the sheriff may excuse a person from jury service only on an application form that states the reasons for asking to be excused from jury service.\nA person must not state something the person knows is false in response to a prospective juror questionnaire, or in an application to be excused from jury service.\nMaximum penalty for subsection (7) —10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\ns 18 amd 2017 No. 6 s 46\n(sec.18-ssec.1) The sheriff must give each prospective juror a written notice (a notice to prospective jurors ) stating— the person may be summoned for jury service; and the jury service period for which the person may be summoned.\n(sec.18-ssec.2) Without limiting the ways the notice to prospective jurors may be given, the notice may be given by email or other electronic means.\n(sec.18-ssec.3) The notice to prospective jurors must— include or be accompanied by, or give instructions for accessing, the following documents— a questionnaire (a prospective juror questionnaire ) to find out whether the person is qualified to serve as a juror and, if the person claims not to be qualified to serve as a juror, the ground of the claim; a form (an application form ) to enable the person to apply to be excused from jury service; and state the ways the completed documents may be returned to the sheriff.\n(sec.18-ssec.4) A person to whom the notice is given must not fail to return the completed prospective juror questionnaire to the sheriff within the reasonable time allowed in the notice, unless the person has a reasonable excuse. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\n(sec.18-ssec.5) If the person wants to be excused from jury service, the person must return the completed application form to the sheriff.\n(sec.18-ssec.6) Unless permitted by the practice directions, the sheriff may excuse a person from jury service only on an application form that states the reasons for asking to be excused from jury service.\n(sec.18-ssec.7) A person must not state something the person knows is false in response to a prospective juror questionnaire, or in an application to be excused from jury service. Maximum penalty for subsection (7) —10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\n- (a) the person may be summoned for jury service; and\n- (b) the jury service period for which the person may be summoned.\n- (a) include or be accompanied by, or give instructions for accessing, the following documents— (i) a questionnaire (a prospective juror questionnaire ) to find out whether the person is qualified to serve as a juror and, if the person claims not to be qualified to serve as a juror, the ground of the claim; (ii) a form (an application form ) to enable the person to apply to be excused from jury service; and\n- (i) a questionnaire (a prospective juror questionnaire ) to find out whether the person is qualified to serve as a juror and, if the person claims not to be qualified to serve as a juror, the ground of the claim;\n- (ii) a form (an application form ) to enable the person to apply to be excused from jury service; and\n- (b) state the ways the completed documents may be returned to the sheriff.\n- (i) a questionnaire (a prospective juror questionnaire ) to find out whether the person is qualified to serve as a juror and, if the person claims not to be qualified to serve as a juror, the ground of the claim;\n- (ii) a form (an application form ) to enable the person to apply to be excused from jury service; and","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4-div.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Power to excuse from jury service","content":"## Power to excuse from jury service","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"sec.19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Sheriff’s power to excuse from jury service","content":"### sec.19 Sheriff’s power to excuse from jury service\n\nOn an application to be excused from jury service, the sheriff may excuse the applicant from jury service—\nfor a particular jury service period (or part of a particular jury service period); or\npermanently.\nIn exercising the power to excuse from jury service, the sheriff must comply with procedural requirements imposed under the practice directions.\n(sec.19-ssec.1) On an application to be excused from jury service, the sheriff may excuse the applicant from jury service— for a particular jury service period (or part of a particular jury service period); or permanently.\n(sec.19-ssec.2) In exercising the power to excuse from jury service, the sheriff must comply with procedural requirements imposed under the practice directions.\n- (a) for a particular jury service period (or part of a particular jury service period); or\n- (b) permanently.","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"sec.20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Power of judge to excuse from jury service","content":"### sec.20 Power of judge to excuse from jury service\n\nA judge may excuse a person from jury service—\nfor a particular jury service period (or part of a particular jury service period); or\npermanently.\nA judge may exercise the power to excuse from jury service—\non the judge’s own initiative; or\non application by a member of a jury panel who wants to be excused from jury service.\nA judge may hear an application under this section with or without formality.\nIf the judge’s decision on an application under this section is inconsistent with the sheriff’s decision on an earlier application made to the sheriff by the same applicant, the judge’s decision prevails.\ns 20 amd 2002 No. 23 s 52\n(sec.20-ssec.1) A judge may excuse a person from jury service— for a particular jury service period (or part of a particular jury service period); or permanently.\n(sec.20-ssec.2) A judge may exercise the power to excuse from jury service— on the judge’s own initiative; or on application by a member of a jury panel who wants to be excused from jury service.\n(sec.20-ssec.3) A judge may hear an application under this section with or without formality.\n(sec.20-ssec.4) If the judge’s decision on an application under this section is inconsistent with the sheriff’s decision on an earlier application made to the sheriff by the same applicant, the judge’s decision prevails.\n- (a) for a particular jury service period (or part of a particular jury service period); or\n- (b) permanently.\n- (a) on the judge’s own initiative; or\n- (b) on application by a member of a jury panel who wants to be excused from jury service.","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"sec.21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Criteria to be applied in excusing from jury service","content":"### sec.21 Criteria to be applied in excusing from jury service\n\nIn deciding whether to excuse a person from jury service, the sheriff or judge must have regard to the following—\nwhether jury service would result in substantial hardship to the person because of the person’s employment or personal circumstances;\nwhether jury service would result in substantial financial hardship to the person;\nwhether the jury service would result in substantial inconvenience to the public or a section of the public;\nwhether others are dependent on the person to provide care in circumstances where suitable alternative care is not readily available;\nthe person’s state of health;\nanything else stated in a practice direction.\nA person may be permanently excused from jury service only if the person is eligible to be permanently excused from jury service in the circumstances stated in the practice directions.\n(sec.21-ssec.1) In deciding whether to excuse a person from jury service, the sheriff or judge must have regard to the following— whether jury service would result in substantial hardship to the person because of the person’s employment or personal circumstances; whether jury service would result in substantial financial hardship to the person; whether the jury service would result in substantial inconvenience to the public or a section of the public; whether others are dependent on the person to provide care in circumstances where suitable alternative care is not readily available; the person’s state of health; anything else stated in a practice direction.\n(sec.21-ssec.2) A person may be permanently excused from jury service only if the person is eligible to be permanently excused from jury service in the circumstances stated in the practice directions.\n- (a) whether jury service would result in substantial hardship to the person because of the person’s employment or personal circumstances;\n- (b) whether jury service would result in substantial financial hardship to the person;\n- (c) whether the jury service would result in substantial inconvenience to the public or a section of the public;\n- (d) whether others are dependent on the person to provide care in circumstances where suitable alternative care is not readily available;\n- (e) the person’s state of health;\n- (f) anything else stated in a practice direction.","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"sec.22","sectionType":"section","heading":"When prospective juror entitled to be excused from jury service","content":"### sec.22 When prospective juror entitled to be excused from jury service\n\nThis section applies to a prospective juror if the prospective juror—\nhas been summoned to perform jury service for a particular jury service period, or is on a list of prospective jurors who may be summoned to perform jury service for a particular jury service period; and\nhas earlier been summoned for jury service and has attended as required by the summons for a jury service period (or, if excused from jury service for part of a jury service period, the balance of the jury service period) ending less than 1 year before the jury service period mentioned in paragraph (a) .\nThe prospective juror is entitled to be excused from jury service for the jury service period.\n(sec.22-ssec.1) This section applies to a prospective juror if the prospective juror— has been summoned to perform jury service for a particular jury service period, or is on a list of prospective jurors who may be summoned to perform jury service for a particular jury service period; and has earlier been summoned for jury service and has attended as required by the summons for a jury service period (or, if excused from jury service for part of a jury service period, the balance of the jury service period) ending less than 1 year before the jury service period mentioned in paragraph (a) .\n(sec.22-ssec.2) The prospective juror is entitled to be excused from jury service for the jury service period.\n- (a) has been summoned to perform jury service for a particular jury service period, or is on a list of prospective jurors who may be summoned to perform jury service for a particular jury service period; and\n- (b) has earlier been summoned for jury service and has attended as required by the summons for a jury service period (or, if excused from jury service for part of a jury service period, the balance of the jury service period) ending less than 1 year before the jury service period mentioned in paragraph (a) .","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"sec.23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Time for exercising power to excuse","content":"### sec.23 Time for exercising power to excuse\n\nA prospective juror may be excused from jury service before or after the prospective juror is summoned for jury service.","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4-div.5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Revision of list of prospective jurors","content":"## Revision of list of prospective jurors","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"sec.24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Revision of list","content":"### sec.24 Revision of list\n\nAfter the end of the time allowed in the notices to prospective jurors for the return of prospective juror questionnaires, the sheriff must revise the list of prospective jurors.\nThe revision is made by noting on the list the exclusion from the list of the name of each person—\nwho, in the sheriff’s opinion—\ncan not be located within a reasonable time; or\nis not qualified for jury service; or\nwho has been excused from jury service.\nThe sheriff may make reasonable inquiries to find out whether the name of a person on the list of prospective jurors should be excluded from the list because the person is not qualified for jury service.\n(sec.24-ssec.1) After the end of the time allowed in the notices to prospective jurors for the return of prospective juror questionnaires, the sheriff must revise the list of prospective jurors.\n(sec.24-ssec.2) The revision is made by noting on the list the exclusion from the list of the name of each person— who, in the sheriff’s opinion— can not be located within a reasonable time; or is not qualified for jury service; or who has been excused from jury service.\n(sec.24-ssec.3) The sheriff may make reasonable inquiries to find out whether the name of a person on the list of prospective jurors should be excluded from the list because the person is not qualified for jury service.\n- (a) who, in the sheriff’s opinion— (i) can not be located within a reasonable time; or (ii) is not qualified for jury service; or\n- (i) can not be located within a reasonable time; or\n- (ii) is not qualified for jury service; or\n- (b) who has been excused from jury service.\n- (i) can not be located within a reasonable time; or\n- (ii) is not qualified for jury service; or","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"sec.25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Effect of revised list","content":"### sec.25 Effect of revised list\n\nOn revision of the list of prospective jurors, the list (the revised list of prospective jurors ) becomes the basis for issuing summonses for jury service in the relevant jury district for the jury service period concerned.\nHowever, an unrevised list of prospective jurors may be used as the basis for issuing summonses for jury service, if the sheriff considers there is not enough time to allow the list to be revised before the summonses are issued.\nA prospective juror selected from an unrevised list of prospective jurors may be summoned for jury service only if the notice to prospective jurors has been given to the prospective juror, or is given to the prospective juror together with the summons.\nSee section 18 (1) (Notice to prospective jurors).\n(sec.25-ssec.1) On revision of the list of prospective jurors, the list (the revised list of prospective jurors ) becomes the basis for issuing summonses for jury service in the relevant jury district for the jury service period concerned.\n(sec.25-ssec.2) However, an unrevised list of prospective jurors may be used as the basis for issuing summonses for jury service, if the sheriff considers there is not enough time to allow the list to be revised before the summonses are issued.\n(sec.25-ssec.3) A prospective juror selected from an unrevised list of prospective jurors may be summoned for jury service only if the notice to prospective jurors has been given to the prospective juror, or is given to the prospective juror together with the summons. See section 18 (1) (Notice to prospective jurors).","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"pt.4-div.6","sectionType":"division","heading":"Summoning for jury service","content":"## Summoning for jury service","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"sec.26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Selection of persons for summons","content":"### sec.26 Selection of persons for summons\n\nThe sheriff must from time to time (as the sheriff considers necessary) select for summons enough prospective jurors to enable the selection of juries for trials starting in the relevant jury district in the jury service period concerned.\nThe persons to be summoned must be selected—\nby a computer programmed to make a random selection of names from the revised list of prospective jurors; or\nby random selection of cards bearing the names of, or numbers representing, the persons whose names are on the revised list of prospective jurors.\nHowever, the selection may be made from the unrevised list of prospective jurors, if the sheriff considers there is not enough time to allow for the list to be revised before the summonses are issued.\nSee section 25 (2) (Effect of revised list).\n(sec.26-ssec.1) The sheriff must from time to time (as the sheriff considers necessary) select for summons enough prospective jurors to enable the selection of juries for trials starting in the relevant jury district in the jury service period concerned.\n(sec.26-ssec.2) The persons to be summoned must be selected— by a computer programmed to make a random selection of names from the revised list of prospective jurors; or by random selection of cards bearing the names of, or numbers representing, the persons whose names are on the revised list of prospective jurors.\n(sec.26-ssec.3) However, the selection may be made from the unrevised list of prospective jurors, if the sheriff considers there is not enough time to allow for the list to be revised before the summonses are issued. See section 25 (2) (Effect of revised list).\n- (a) by a computer programmed to make a random selection of names from the revised list of prospective jurors; or\n- (b) by random selection of cards bearing the names of, or numbers representing, the persons whose names are on the revised list of prospective jurors.","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"sec.27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Summons for jury service","content":"### sec.27 Summons for jury service\n\nThe sheriff must give to each person selected for summoning a summons requiring the person—\nto attend for jury service as instructed by the sheriff at places and times to be stated in the instructions; and\nif selected as a member of a jury, to attend as instructed by the court until discharged by the court.\nWithout limiting the ways the summons may be given, the summons may be given by email or other electronic means.\nA person summoned for jury service may only be instructed by the sheriff to attend for jury service at a time that falls within a period stated in the summons as the jury service period.\nThe sheriff must instruct a sufficient number of persons to attend for jury service on each day on which a trial or trials are to start in the jury district to enable the selection of juries for the trial or trials.\nAn instruction to attend for jury service may be given—\npersonally, whether directly or indirectly; or\nby notice in a newspaper circulating generally in the jury district; or\nby telephone, radio, television or other form of distance communication; or\nin a way—\nauthorised under a regulation; or\nagreed between the sheriff and the person to whom the instruction is given.\nThe persons required to attend on the sheriff’s instructions may be identified in the instructions in a way stated in the summons.\nThe summons might allocate an identifying number to the person to whom the summons is given.\ns 27 amd 2017 No. 6 s 47\n(sec.27-ssec.1) The sheriff must give to each person selected for summoning a summons requiring the person— to attend for jury service as instructed by the sheriff at places and times to be stated in the instructions; and if selected as a member of a jury, to attend as instructed by the court until discharged by the court.\n(sec.27-ssec.2) Without limiting the ways the summons may be given, the summons may be given by email or other electronic means.\n(sec.27-ssec.3) A person summoned for jury service may only be instructed by the sheriff to attend for jury service at a time that falls within a period stated in the summons as the jury service period.\n(sec.27-ssec.4) The sheriff must instruct a sufficient number of persons to attend for jury service on each day on which a trial or trials are to start in the jury district to enable the selection of juries for the trial or trials.\n(sec.27-ssec.5) An instruction to attend for jury service may be given— personally, whether directly or indirectly; or by notice in a newspaper circulating generally in the jury district; or by telephone, radio, television or other form of distance communication; or in a way— authorised under a regulation; or agreed between the sheriff and the person to whom the instruction is given.\n(sec.27-ssec.6) The persons required to attend on the sheriff’s instructions may be identified in the instructions in a way stated in the summons. The summons might allocate an identifying number to the person to whom the summons is given.\n- (a) to attend for jury service as instructed by the sheriff at places and times to be stated in the instructions; and\n- (b) if selected as a member of a jury, to attend as instructed by the court until discharged by the court.\n- (a) personally, whether directly or indirectly; or\n- (b) by notice in a newspaper circulating generally in the jury district; or\n- (c) by telephone, radio, television or other form of distance communication; or\n- (d) in a way— (i) authorised under a regulation; or (ii) agreed between the sheriff and the person to whom the instruction is given.\n- (i) authorised under a regulation; or\n- (ii) agreed between the sheriff and the person to whom the instruction is given.\n- (i) authorised under a regulation; or\n- (ii) agreed between the sheriff and the person to whom the instruction is given.","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"sec.28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Obligation to comply with summons","content":"### sec.28 Obligation to comply with summons\n\nA person must not fail to comply with a summons under this division, unless the person has a reasonable excuse.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\nIf a person fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend before a court as instructed by the sheriff or the court under this division, the failure may be dealt with either as an offence against subsection (1) or as a contempt of the court.\n(sec.28-ssec.1) A person must not fail to comply with a summons under this division, unless the person has a reasonable excuse. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\n(sec.28-ssec.2) If a person fails, without reasonable excuse, to attend before a court as instructed by the sheriff or the court under this division, the failure may be dealt with either as an offence against subsection (1) or as a contempt of the court.","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"sec.29","sectionType":"section","heading":"List of persons summoned for jury service","content":"### sec.29 List of persons summoned for jury service\n\nFor each jury service period, the sheriff must prepare and keep up to date a list of the persons summoned for jury service in a jury district and not later excused from jury service (the list of persons summoned for jury service ).\nThe list of persons must state the name, address and occupation, as mentioned in section 37 , of each person on the list.\nIf asked by a party to a civil or criminal trial that is to take place in the jury district in the jury service period, or a lawyer or other person representing a party, the sheriff must—\ngive the party, lawyer or other person a copy of the list of persons summoned for jury service; and\nidentify or provide a means of identifying each person who has been instructed by the sheriff to attend on the day the jury for the relevant trial is to be selected.\nThe request may be made no earlier than 4.00pm on the business day immediately before the day on which the jury for the trial is to be selected.\nA person who has received a copy of the list must return the copy to the sheriff as soon as practicable after the jury for the trial is selected, unless the person has disposed of it in the way directed by a judge under subsection (6) .\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\nA judge may direct a person who has received a copy of the list to dispose of it as the judge directs.\nThe sheriff must destroy copies of the list returned to the sheriff.\ns 29 amd 1996 No. 80 s 5\n(sec.29-ssec.1) For each jury service period, the sheriff must prepare and keep up to date a list of the persons summoned for jury service in a jury district and not later excused from jury service (the list of persons summoned for jury service ).\n(sec.29-ssec.2) The list of persons must state the name, address and occupation, as mentioned in section 37 , of each person on the list.\n(sec.29-ssec.3) If asked by a party to a civil or criminal trial that is to take place in the jury district in the jury service period, or a lawyer or other person representing a party, the sheriff must— give the party, lawyer or other person a copy of the list of persons summoned for jury service; and identify or provide a means of identifying each person who has been instructed by the sheriff to attend on the day the jury for the relevant trial is to be selected.\n(sec.29-ssec.4) The request may be made no earlier than 4.00pm on the business day immediately before the day on which the jury for the trial is to be selected.\n(sec.29-ssec.5) A person who has received a copy of the list must return the copy to the sheriff as soon as practicable after the jury for the trial is selected, unless the person has disposed of it in the way directed by a judge under subsection (6) . Maximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\n(sec.29-ssec.6) A judge may direct a person who has received a copy of the list to dispose of it as the judge directs.\n(sec.29-ssec.7) The sheriff must destroy copies of the list returned to the sheriff.\n- (a) give the party, lawyer or other person a copy of the list of persons summoned for jury service; and\n- (b) identify or provide a means of identifying each person who has been instructed by the sheriff to attend on the day the jury for the relevant trial is to be selected.","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"sec.30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Reproduction of list of persons summoned for jury service","content":"### sec.30 Reproduction of list of persons summoned for jury service\n\nA person who receives a copy of the list of the persons summoned for jury service must not—\nreproduce the list or permit its reproduction; or\ngive the list, or disclose any information in the list, to a person other than a party, or a lawyer or other person representing a party, to the civil or criminal trial to which the list relates.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\nHowever, the sheriff or a person acting under the sheriff’s authority may—\nreproduce the list or permit its reproduction; or\ngive a copy of the list, or disclose information in the list, to a person who is not a party or the representative of a party;\nif it is reasonably necessary for the proper administration of this Act.\nThe sheriff or a person acting under the sheriff’s authority might have a copy of the list made and give it to the judge who is to preside at the trial or the judge’s associate.\ns 30 amd 2017 No. 6 s 48\n(sec.30-ssec.1) A person who receives a copy of the list of the persons summoned for jury service must not— reproduce the list or permit its reproduction; or give the list, or disclose any information in the list, to a person other than a party, or a lawyer or other person representing a party, to the civil or criminal trial to which the list relates. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\n(sec.30-ssec.2) However, the sheriff or a person acting under the sheriff’s authority may— reproduce the list or permit its reproduction; or give a copy of the list, or disclose information in the list, to a person who is not a party or the representative of a party; if it is reasonably necessary for the proper administration of this Act. The sheriff or a person acting under the sheriff’s authority might have a copy of the list made and give it to the judge who is to preside at the trial or the judge’s associate.\n- (a) reproduce the list or permit its reproduction; or\n- (b) give the list, or disclose any information in the list, to a person other than a party, or a lawyer or other person representing a party, to the civil or criminal trial to which the list relates.\n- (a) reproduce the list or permit its reproduction; or\n- (b) give a copy of the list, or disclose information in the list, to a person who is not a party or the representative of a party;","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"sec.31","sectionType":"section","heading":"Questions relating to jury service","content":"### sec.31 Questions relating to jury service\n\nA person must not ask questions of a person who has been summoned for jury service to find out how the person is likely to react to issues arising in a trial or for other purposes related to the selection or possible selection of the person as a juror in a trial unless—\nthe questioning is authorised or required under another provision of this Act; or\na judge authorises the questioning under this section.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\nA person must not ask questions of anyone about a person (the other person ) who has been summoned for jury service to find out how the other person is likely to react to issues arising in a trial or for other purposes related to the selection or possible selection of the other person as a juror in a trial unless the questioning is authorised or required under another provision of this Act.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\nSubsection (2) does not apply to discussions between a party and the party’s lawyer.\nA judge may, on conditions the judge considers appropriate, authorise a person to ask questions of a person who has been summoned for jury service.\nA person must not contravene a condition under subsection (4) .\nMaximum penalty for subsection (5) —2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.31-ssec.1) A person must not ask questions of a person who has been summoned for jury service to find out how the person is likely to react to issues arising in a trial or for other purposes related to the selection or possible selection of the person as a juror in a trial unless— the questioning is authorised or required under another provision of this Act; or a judge authorises the questioning under this section. Maximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.31-ssec.2) A person must not ask questions of anyone about a person (the other person ) who has been summoned for jury service to find out how the other person is likely to react to issues arising in a trial or for other purposes related to the selection or possible selection of the other person as a juror in a trial unless the questioning is authorised or required under another provision of this Act. Maximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.31-ssec.3) Subsection (2) does not apply to discussions between a party and the party’s lawyer.\n(sec.31-ssec.4) A judge may, on conditions the judge considers appropriate, authorise a person to ask questions of a person who has been summoned for jury service.\n(sec.31-ssec.5) A person must not contravene a condition under subsection (4) . Maximum penalty for subsection (5) —2 years imprisonment.\n- (a) the questioning is authorised or required under another provision of this Act; or\n- (b) a judge authorises the questioning under this section.","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Formation of juries","content":"# Formation of juries","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Number of jurors in trials","content":"## Number of jurors in trials","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"sec.32","sectionType":"section","heading":"Juries for civil trials","content":"### sec.32 Juries for civil trials\n\nThe jury for a civil trial consists of 4 persons.","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"sec.33","sectionType":"section","heading":"Juries for criminal trials","content":"### sec.33 Juries for criminal trials\n\nThe jury for a criminal trial consists of 12 persons.","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"sec.34","sectionType":"section","heading":"Reserve jurors","content":"### sec.34 Reserve jurors\n\nThe judge before which a civil or criminal trial is to be held may direct that not more than 3 persons be chosen and sworn as reserve jurors.\nReserve jurors—\nare to be selected in the same way as ordinary jurors; and\nare liable to be challenged and discharged in the same way as ordinary jurors; and\nmust take the same oath as ordinary jurors; and\nare otherwise subject to the same arrangements as other jurors during the trial.\nIf a juror dies or is discharged after a trial starts but before the jury retires to consider its verdict, and a reserve juror is available, the reserve juror must take the vacant place on the jury.\nSee section 56 (Discharge or death of individual juror).\nIf 2 or more reserve jurors are available, the juror to take the place on the jury must be decided by lot or in another way decided by the judge.\nWhen a jury retires to consider its verdict, a reserve juror who has not been called on to take a place on the jury must be discharged from further attendance at the trial.\nThe death or discharge of a reserve juror before the juror has been called on to take a vacant place on the jury does not affect the validity of the trial.\n(sec.34-ssec.1) The judge before which a civil or criminal trial is to be held may direct that not more than 3 persons be chosen and sworn as reserve jurors.\n(sec.34-ssec.2) Reserve jurors— are to be selected in the same way as ordinary jurors; and are liable to be challenged and discharged in the same way as ordinary jurors; and must take the same oath as ordinary jurors; and are otherwise subject to the same arrangements as other jurors during the trial.\n(sec.34-ssec.3) If a juror dies or is discharged after a trial starts but before the jury retires to consider its verdict, and a reserve juror is available, the reserve juror must take the vacant place on the jury. See section 56 (Discharge or death of individual juror).\n(sec.34-ssec.4) If 2 or more reserve jurors are available, the juror to take the place on the jury must be decided by lot or in another way decided by the judge.\n(sec.34-ssec.5) When a jury retires to consider its verdict, a reserve juror who has not been called on to take a place on the jury must be discharged from further attendance at the trial.\n(sec.34-ssec.6) The death or discharge of a reserve juror before the juror has been called on to take a vacant place on the jury does not affect the validity of the trial.\n- (a) are to be selected in the same way as ordinary jurors; and\n- (b) are liable to be challenged and discharged in the same way as ordinary jurors; and\n- (c) must take the same oath as ordinary jurors; and\n- (d) are otherwise subject to the same arrangements as other jurors during the trial.","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Suitability of jurors","content":"## Suitability of jurors","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"sec.35","sectionType":"section","heading":"Information about prospective jurors to be exchanged between prosecution and defence in criminal trials","content":"### sec.35 Information about prospective jurors to be exchanged between prosecution and defence in criminal trials\n\nIf a party to a criminal trial obtains information about a person who has been summoned for jury service that may show the person is unsuitable to serve as a juror in the trial, the party must disclose the information to the other party as soon as practicable.\nThe Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 does not apply to the disclosure of information under this section.\nThe Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 , section 6 , places restrictions on disclosure of the criminal history of a person by someone if the rehabilitation period under the Act has come to an end.\n(sec.35-ssec.1) If a party to a criminal trial obtains information about a person who has been summoned for jury service that may show the person is unsuitable to serve as a juror in the trial, the party must disclose the information to the other party as soon as practicable.\n(sec.35-ssec.2) The Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 does not apply to the disclosure of information under this section. The Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 , section 6 , places restrictions on disclosure of the criminal history of a person by someone if the rehabilitation period under the Act has come to an end.","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Attendance of jury panel","content":"## Attendance of jury panel","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"sec.36","sectionType":"section","heading":"Sheriff to arrange for attendance of jury panel","content":"### sec.36 Sheriff to arrange for attendance of jury panel\n\nWhen a civil or criminal trial is about to begin, the sheriff must arrange for the attendance of a jury panel before the court.\nThe panel must be formed from among the persons (the relevant prospective jurors ) who—\nhave been summoned for jury service for the relevant jury service period; and\nhave not, after being summoned, been excused from jury service or excluded from the list of prospective jurors because they are not qualified for jury service; and\nare not currently serving on a jury.\nThe panel must be formed by selection from among the relevant prospective jurors in a way decided by the sheriff subject to any relevant direction issued by the Senior Judge Administrator under section 13 (c) .\nWhen the panel is formed, the sheriff must give the instructions to the members of the panel necessary to ensure their attendance before the court.\ns 36 amd 1996 No. 80 s 6\n(sec.36-ssec.1) When a civil or criminal trial is about to begin, the sheriff must arrange for the attendance of a jury panel before the court.\n(sec.36-ssec.2) The panel must be formed from among the persons (the relevant prospective jurors ) who— have been summoned for jury service for the relevant jury service period; and have not, after being summoned, been excused from jury service or excluded from the list of prospective jurors because they are not qualified for jury service; and are not currently serving on a jury.\n(sec.36-ssec.3) The panel must be formed by selection from among the relevant prospective jurors in a way decided by the sheriff subject to any relevant direction issued by the Senior Judge Administrator under section 13 (c) .\n(sec.36-ssec.4) When the panel is formed, the sheriff must give the instructions to the members of the panel necessary to ensure their attendance before the court.\n- (a) have been summoned for jury service for the relevant jury service period; and\n- (b) have not, after being summoned, been excused from jury service or excluded from the list of prospective jurors because they are not qualified for jury service; and\n- (c) are not currently serving on a jury.","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"sec.37","sectionType":"section","heading":"Materials to be given by sheriff","content":"### sec.37 Materials to be given by sheriff\n\nBefore the attendance of the jury panel before the court, the sheriff must give the judge’s associate—\na list stating the names, locality addresses and occupations of all persons on the panel; and\n1 card (a jury card ) for each member of the panel that states—\nthe name of, or a number representing, the member; and\nthe locality address and occupation of the member.\nThe jury cards for the members of a panel—\nmay be given by electronic means; and\nif not given by electronic means—must be of identical size and shape.\nIf a person has no present remunerative occupation and is not engaged in domestic duties, the person’s occupation is taken to be the person’s last remunerative occupation and, if the person has never had a remunerative occupation and is not engaged in domestic duties, a note to that effect must appear in place of a statement of occupation.\nIn this section—\nlocality address , of a person, means the city, town, suburb or other locality in which the person resides.\ns 37 amd 2002 No. 23 s 53 ; 2017 No. 6 s 49\n(sec.37-ssec.1) Before the attendance of the jury panel before the court, the sheriff must give the judge’s associate— a list stating the names, locality addresses and occupations of all persons on the panel; and 1 card (a jury card ) for each member of the panel that states— the name of, or a number representing, the member; and the locality address and occupation of the member.\n(sec.37-ssec.2) The jury cards for the members of a panel— may be given by electronic means; and if not given by electronic means—must be of identical size and shape.\n(sec.37-ssec.3) If a person has no present remunerative occupation and is not engaged in domestic duties, the person’s occupation is taken to be the person’s last remunerative occupation and, if the person has never had a remunerative occupation and is not engaged in domestic duties, a note to that effect must appear in place of a statement of occupation.\n(sec.37-ssec.4) In this section— locality address , of a person, means the city, town, suburb or other locality in which the person resides.\n- (a) a list stating the names, locality addresses and occupations of all persons on the panel; and\n- (b) 1 card (a jury card ) for each member of the panel that states— (i) the name of, or a number representing, the member; and (ii) the locality address and occupation of the member.\n- (i) the name of, or a number representing, the member; and\n- (ii) the locality address and occupation of the member.\n- (i) the name of, or a number representing, the member; and\n- (ii) the locality address and occupation of the member.\n- (a) may be given by electronic means; and\n- (b) if not given by electronic means—must be of identical size and shape.","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5-div.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Supplementary jurors","content":"## Supplementary jurors","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"sec.38","sectionType":"section","heading":"Supplementary jurors","content":"### sec.38 Supplementary jurors\n\nIf a trial is likely to be delayed because there are no persons or not enough persons, who have been summoned for jury service, available for the selection of a jury, the judge may, on application by a party to the proceeding, direct the sheriff to make up or supplement a jury panel by selecting from among persons who are qualified for jury service and instructing them to attend for jury service.\nThe number of persons to be selected, and the way the selection is to be made, must be as directed by the judge.\nThe persons instructed to attend for jury service under this section become (subject to being excused or discharged under this Act) members of the jury panel from which the jury for the trial is to be selected.\nUnless the person has a reasonable excuse, a person must not fail to comply with—\nan instruction to attend for jury service under this section; or\na further instruction about jury service given by the sheriff or the judge.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\nA contravention of subsection (4) may be dealt with either as an offence or a contempt of the court.\n(sec.38-ssec.1) If a trial is likely to be delayed because there are no persons or not enough persons, who have been summoned for jury service, available for the selection of a jury, the judge may, on application by a party to the proceeding, direct the sheriff to make up or supplement a jury panel by selecting from among persons who are qualified for jury service and instructing them to attend for jury service.\n(sec.38-ssec.2) The number of persons to be selected, and the way the selection is to be made, must be as directed by the judge.\n(sec.38-ssec.3) The persons instructed to attend for jury service under this section become (subject to being excused or discharged under this Act) members of the jury panel from which the jury for the trial is to be selected.\n(sec.38-ssec.4) Unless the person has a reasonable excuse, a person must not fail to comply with— an instruction to attend for jury service under this section; or a further instruction about jury service given by the sheriff or the judge. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\n(sec.38-ssec.5) A contravention of subsection (4) may be dealt with either as an offence or a contempt of the court.\n- (a) an instruction to attend for jury service under this section; or\n- (b) a further instruction about jury service given by the sheriff or the judge.","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5-div.5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Preliminaries to jury selection","content":"## Preliminaries to jury selection","sortOrder":55},{"sectionNumber":"sec.39","sectionType":"section","heading":"Defendant to be informed of right of challenge","content":"### sec.39 Defendant to be informed of right of challenge\n\nBefore the selection of a jury for a criminal trial begins, the court must inform the defendant that—\nthe persons whose names are to be called may be sworn as jurors for the defendant’s trial; and\nif the defendant wants to challenge any of them, the defendant, or the defendant’s lawyer or other representative, must make the challenge before the person is sworn as a juror.\n- (a) the persons whose names are to be called may be sworn as jurors for the defendant’s trial; and\n- (b) if the defendant wants to challenge any of them, the defendant, or the defendant’s lawyer or other representative, must make the challenge before the person is sworn as a juror.","sortOrder":56},{"sectionNumber":"sec.40","sectionType":"section","heading":"Challenge to jury panel as a whole","content":"### sec.40 Challenge to jury panel as a whole\n\nA party to a civil or criminal trial who objects to the entire jury panel may challenge the entire jury panel by informing the judge of the reasons for the objection before any juror is sworn for the trial.\nThe judge must decide the challenge before proceeding with the selection of the jury for the trial.\n(sec.40-ssec.1) A party to a civil or criminal trial who objects to the entire jury panel may challenge the entire jury panel by informing the judge of the reasons for the objection before any juror is sworn for the trial.\n(sec.40-ssec.2) The judge must decide the challenge before proceeding with the selection of the jury for the trial.","sortOrder":57},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5-div.6","sectionType":"division","heading":"Selection of jury","content":"## Selection of jury","sortOrder":58},{"sectionNumber":"sec.41","sectionType":"section","heading":"Procedure for jury selection","content":"### sec.41 Procedure for jury selection\n\nWhen a jury is to be selected for a civil or criminal trial—\na selection must be made, as directed by the judge, from among the members of the jury panel by random selection of jury cards, including, for example, by a computer programmed to make a random selection; and\nas each person is selected an officer of the court must call aloud the name of the person selected.\nHowever, the judge may direct that persons selected be identified by numbers only if the judge considers that, for security or other reasons, the persons’ names should not be read out in open court.\nThe judge’s associate must inform the sheriff as soon as practicable of—\nthe names of the persons sworn to serve on the jury or as reserve jurors; and\nif the judge orders that a juror or prospective juror be excused, discharged or fined—the name of the person and the terms of the order.\ns 41 amd 2017 No. 6 s 50\n(sec.41-ssec.1) When a jury is to be selected for a civil or criminal trial— a selection must be made, as directed by the judge, from among the members of the jury panel by random selection of jury cards, including, for example, by a computer programmed to make a random selection; and as each person is selected an officer of the court must call aloud the name of the person selected.\n(sec.41-ssec.2) However, the judge may direct that persons selected be identified by numbers only if the judge considers that, for security or other reasons, the persons’ names should not be read out in open court.\n(sec.41-ssec.3) The judge’s associate must inform the sheriff as soon as practicable of— the names of the persons sworn to serve on the jury or as reserve jurors; and if the judge orders that a juror or prospective juror be excused, discharged or fined—the name of the person and the terms of the order.\n- (a) a selection must be made, as directed by the judge, from among the members of the jury panel by random selection of jury cards, including, for example, by a computer programmed to make a random selection; and\n- (b) as each person is selected an officer of the court must call aloud the name of the person selected.\n- (a) the names of the persons sworn to serve on the jury or as reserve jurors; and\n- (b) if the judge orders that a juror or prospective juror be excused, discharged or fined—the name of the person and the terms of the order.","sortOrder":59},{"sectionNumber":"sec.42","sectionType":"section","heading":"Peremptory challenges","content":"### sec.42 Peremptory challenges\n\nIn a civil trial, each party is entitled to 2 peremptory challenges.\nIf reserve jurors are to be selected for a civil trial, each party is entitled to—\nif 1 or 2 reserve jurors are to be selected—1 additional peremptory challenge; and\nif 3 reserve jurors are to be selected—2 additional peremptory challenges.\nIn a criminal trial, the prosecution and defence are each entitled to 8 peremptory challenges.\nIf reserve jurors are to be selected for a criminal trial, the prosecution and defence are each entitled to—\nif 1 or 2 reserve jurors are to be selected—1 additional peremptory challenge; and\nif 3 reserve jurors are to be selected—2 additional peremptory challenges.\nIf there are 2 or more defendants in a criminal trial—\neach defendant is entitled to the number of peremptory challenges allowed to the defence under subsections (3) and (4) ; and\nthe prosecution is entitled to a number of peremptory challenges equal to the total number available to all defendants.\n(sec.42-ssec.1) In a civil trial, each party is entitled to 2 peremptory challenges.\n(sec.42-ssec.2) If reserve jurors are to be selected for a civil trial, each party is entitled to— if 1 or 2 reserve jurors are to be selected—1 additional peremptory challenge; and if 3 reserve jurors are to be selected—2 additional peremptory challenges.\n(sec.42-ssec.3) In a criminal trial, the prosecution and defence are each entitled to 8 peremptory challenges.\n(sec.42-ssec.4) If reserve jurors are to be selected for a criminal trial, the prosecution and defence are each entitled to— if 1 or 2 reserve jurors are to be selected—1 additional peremptory challenge; and if 3 reserve jurors are to be selected—2 additional peremptory challenges.\n(sec.42-ssec.5) If there are 2 or more defendants in a criminal trial— each defendant is entitled to the number of peremptory challenges allowed to the defence under subsections (3) and (4) ; and the prosecution is entitled to a number of peremptory challenges equal to the total number available to all defendants.\n- (a) if 1 or 2 reserve jurors are to be selected—1 additional peremptory challenge; and\n- (b) if 3 reserve jurors are to be selected—2 additional peremptory challenges.\n- (a) if 1 or 2 reserve jurors are to be selected—1 additional peremptory challenge; and\n- (b) if 3 reserve jurors are to be selected—2 additional peremptory challenges.\n- (a) each defendant is entitled to the number of peremptory challenges allowed to the defence under subsections (3) and (4) ; and\n- (b) the prosecution is entitled to a number of peremptory challenges equal to the total number available to all defendants.","sortOrder":60},{"sectionNumber":"sec.43","sectionType":"section","heading":"Challenges for cause","content":"### sec.43 Challenges for cause\n\nA party to a civil or criminal trial may challenge for cause against a person selected to serve on the jury or as a reserve juror.\nA challenge for cause under this section is made by objecting to the selection of the person against whom the challenge is made on either or both of the following grounds—\nthe person is not qualified for jury service;\nthe person is not impartial.\nA party who makes a challenge for cause must inform the judge of the reasons for the challenge and give the judge information and materials available to the party that are relevant to the challenge.\nIf the judge is satisfied there are proper grounds to inquire into the qualification or impartiality of the person against whom the challenge is made, the judge may—\npermit the party to put questions to the person in a way and in a form decided by the judge; and\nif the person’s answers to the questions give grounds for further inquiry—permit the examination or cross-examination of the person on oath.\nThe Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 does not apply to the disclosure of information in response to questions asked under this section.\nThe Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 , section 6 , places restrictions on disclosure of the criminal history of a person by someone if the rehabilitation period under the Act has come to an end.\nAfter considering the evidence and submissions of parties, the judge must uphold or dismiss the challenge.\nThe judge’s decision under this section is not subject to interlocutory appeal but, if the final judgment of the court is liable to appeal, may be considered on an appeal against the final judgment of the court.\nA challenge for cause does not reduce the number of peremptory challenges available to the party who makes the challenge.\n(sec.43-ssec.1) A party to a civil or criminal trial may challenge for cause against a person selected to serve on the jury or as a reserve juror.\n(sec.43-ssec.2) A challenge for cause under this section is made by objecting to the selection of the person against whom the challenge is made on either or both of the following grounds— the person is not qualified for jury service; the person is not impartial.\n(sec.43-ssec.3) A party who makes a challenge for cause must inform the judge of the reasons for the challenge and give the judge information and materials available to the party that are relevant to the challenge.\n(sec.43-ssec.4) If the judge is satisfied there are proper grounds to inquire into the qualification or impartiality of the person against whom the challenge is made, the judge may— permit the party to put questions to the person in a way and in a form decided by the judge; and if the person’s answers to the questions give grounds for further inquiry—permit the examination or cross-examination of the person on oath.\n(sec.43-ssec.5) The Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 does not apply to the disclosure of information in response to questions asked under this section. The Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 , section 6 , places restrictions on disclosure of the criminal history of a person by someone if the rehabilitation period under the Act has come to an end.\n(sec.43-ssec.6) After considering the evidence and submissions of parties, the judge must uphold or dismiss the challenge.\n(sec.43-ssec.7) The judge’s decision under this section is not subject to interlocutory appeal but, if the final judgment of the court is liable to appeal, may be considered on an appeal against the final judgment of the court.\n(sec.43-ssec.8) A challenge for cause does not reduce the number of peremptory challenges available to the party who makes the challenge.\n- (a) the person is not qualified for jury service;\n- (b) the person is not impartial.\n- (a) permit the party to put questions to the person in a way and in a form decided by the judge; and\n- (b) if the person’s answers to the questions give grounds for further inquiry—permit the examination or cross-examination of the person on oath.","sortOrder":61},{"sectionNumber":"sec.44","sectionType":"section","heading":"Time for challenges","content":"### sec.44 Time for challenges\n\nA peremptory challenge must be made before the officer assigned by the court to administer the oath begins to recite the words of the oath to the person challenged.\nA challenge for cause must be made before the officer assigned by the court to administer the oath begins to recite the words of the oath to the person challenged.\nA challenge for cause may also be made during a proceeding under section 47 .\n(sec.44-ssec.1) A peremptory challenge must be made before the officer assigned by the court to administer the oath begins to recite the words of the oath to the person challenged.\n(sec.44-ssec.2) A challenge for cause must be made before the officer assigned by the court to administer the oath begins to recite the words of the oath to the person challenged.\n(sec.44-ssec.3) A challenge for cause may also be made during a proceeding under section 47 .","sortOrder":62},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5-div.7","sectionType":"division","heading":"Final stage of jury selection process","content":"## Final stage of jury selection process","sortOrder":63},{"sectionNumber":"sec.45","sectionType":"section","heading":"Final stage of jury selection process","content":"### sec.45 Final stage of jury selection process\n\nThe court reaches the final stage of the jury selection process when all jurors and reserve jurors have been selected and sworn but the jury panel has not yet been discharged.","sortOrder":64},{"sectionNumber":"sec.46","sectionType":"section","heading":"Judge’s discretion to discharge juror in final stage of jury selection process","content":"### sec.46 Judge’s discretion to discharge juror in final stage of jury selection process\n\nWhen the judge reaches the final stage of the jury selection process, the judge may discharge a person who has been selected as a juror or a reserve juror if the judge considers there is reason to doubt the impartiality of the person.\nThe judge may discharge a person under this section whether or not a challenge for cause is made.\nIf a person is discharged under this section, another person must be selected from the jury panel to take the person’s place as a juror or reserve juror.\n(sec.46-ssec.1) When the judge reaches the final stage of the jury selection process, the judge may discharge a person who has been selected as a juror or a reserve juror if the judge considers there is reason to doubt the impartiality of the person.\n(sec.46-ssec.2) The judge may discharge a person under this section whether or not a challenge for cause is made.\n(sec.46-ssec.3) If a person is discharged under this section, another person must be selected from the jury panel to take the person’s place as a juror or reserve juror.","sortOrder":65},{"sectionNumber":"sec.47","sectionType":"section","heading":"Special procedure for challenge for cause in certain cases","content":"### sec.47 Special procedure for challenge for cause in certain cases\n\nIf a judge who is to preside at a civil or criminal trial is satisfied, on an application by a party under this section, that there are special reasons for inquiry under this section, the judge may authorise the questioning of persons selected to serve as jurors and reserve jurors when the court reaches the final stage of the jury selection process.\nPrejudicial pre-trial publicity may be a special reason for questioning persons selected as jurors or reserve jurors in the final stage of the jury selection process.\nThe application must be made to the judge at least 3 days before the date fixed for the trial to start unless the judge, for special reasons, dispenses with the requirement.\nOn the application, the applicant may suggest, and the judge may decide, questions that are to be put to persons selected to serve as jurors or reserve jurors for the trial.\nThe judge must put the questions in a way decided by the judge.\nThe judge might decide that the questions are to be put to the persons selected to serve as jurors or reserve jurors in each other’s presence in open court, or that the questions are to be put to each person individually.\nIf, after hearing the answers of a person questioned under this section, the judge considers further inquiry is justified, the judge may give the parties leave to cross-examine the person on oath (under limits fixed by the judge) to find out whether the person is impartial.\nWhen a person has answered the questions put under this section and any further examination allowed by the judge has finished, a party may make a challenge for cause against the person on the ground that the person is not impartial.\nA party who makes a challenge under this section must inform the judge of the reasons for the challenge and, if the party has information or materials relevant to the challenge in addition to the information or materials already before the court, give the judge the information and materials.\nAfter considering the evidence and submissions of the parties the judge must—\nuphold the challenge and discharge the person selected to serve as a juror (or reserve juror); or\ndismiss the challenge.\nIf the judge upholds the challenge and discharges the selected person, another person must be selected from the jury panel to fill the vacancy.\nWhen a person is selected to fill a vacancy under subsection (9) —\na party may—\nif the party has not already exhausted the party’s rights of peremptory challenge—challenge the person peremptorily; or\nchallenge the person for cause;\nin the same way as on the original selection of persons to serve as jurors (or reserve jurors); and\nSee sections 42 (Peremptory challenges) and 43 (Challenges for cause).\nthe person is also liable to be questioned, cross-examined and challenged under this section in the same way as the other persons selected as jurors or reserve jurors.\nA decision of the judge under this section is not subject to interlocutory appeal but, if the final judgment of the court is liable to appeal, may be considered on an appeal against the final judgment of the court.\n(sec.47-ssec.1) If a judge who is to preside at a civil or criminal trial is satisfied, on an application by a party under this section, that there are special reasons for inquiry under this section, the judge may authorise the questioning of persons selected to serve as jurors and reserve jurors when the court reaches the final stage of the jury selection process. Prejudicial pre-trial publicity may be a special reason for questioning persons selected as jurors or reserve jurors in the final stage of the jury selection process.\n(sec.47-ssec.2) The application must be made to the judge at least 3 days before the date fixed for the trial to start unless the judge, for special reasons, dispenses with the requirement.\n(sec.47-ssec.3) On the application, the applicant may suggest, and the judge may decide, questions that are to be put to persons selected to serve as jurors or reserve jurors for the trial.\n(sec.47-ssec.4) The judge must put the questions in a way decided by the judge. The judge might decide that the questions are to be put to the persons selected to serve as jurors or reserve jurors in each other’s presence in open court, or that the questions are to be put to each person individually.\n(sec.47-ssec.5) If, after hearing the answers of a person questioned under this section, the judge considers further inquiry is justified, the judge may give the parties leave to cross-examine the person on oath (under limits fixed by the judge) to find out whether the person is impartial.\n(sec.47-ssec.6) When a person has answered the questions put under this section and any further examination allowed by the judge has finished, a party may make a challenge for cause against the person on the ground that the person is not impartial.\n(sec.47-ssec.7) A party who makes a challenge under this section must inform the judge of the reasons for the challenge and, if the party has information or materials relevant to the challenge in addition to the information or materials already before the court, give the judge the information and materials.\n(sec.47-ssec.8) After considering the evidence and submissions of the parties the judge must— uphold the challenge and discharge the person selected to serve as a juror (or reserve juror); or dismiss the challenge.\n(sec.47-ssec.9) If the judge upholds the challenge and discharges the selected person, another person must be selected from the jury panel to fill the vacancy.\n(sec.47-ssec.10) When a person is selected to fill a vacancy under subsection (9) — a party may— if the party has not already exhausted the party’s rights of peremptory challenge—challenge the person peremptorily; or challenge the person for cause; in the same way as on the original selection of persons to serve as jurors (or reserve jurors); and See sections 42 (Peremptory challenges) and 43 (Challenges for cause). the person is also liable to be questioned, cross-examined and challenged under this section in the same way as the other persons selected as jurors or reserve jurors.\n(sec.47-ssec.11) A decision of the judge under this section is not subject to interlocutory appeal but, if the final judgment of the court is liable to appeal, may be considered on an appeal against the final judgment of the court.\n- (a) uphold the challenge and discharge the person selected to serve as a juror (or reserve juror); or\n- (b) dismiss the challenge.\n- (a) a party may— (i) if the party has not already exhausted the party’s rights of peremptory challenge—challenge the person peremptorily; or (ii) challenge the person for cause;\n- (i) if the party has not already exhausted the party’s rights of peremptory challenge—challenge the person peremptorily; or\n- (ii) challenge the person for cause;\n- in the same way as on the original selection of persons to serve as jurors (or reserve jurors); and Editor’s note— See sections 42 (Peremptory challenges) and 43 (Challenges for cause).\n- (b) the person is also liable to be questioned, cross-examined and challenged under this section in the same way as the other persons selected as jurors or reserve jurors.\n- (i) if the party has not already exhausted the party’s rights of peremptory challenge—challenge the person peremptorily; or\n- (ii) challenge the person for cause;","sortOrder":66},{"sectionNumber":"sec.48","sectionType":"section","heading":"Judge’s discretion to discharge entire jury","content":"### sec.48 Judge’s discretion to discharge entire jury\n\nBefore the court finishes the final stage of the jury selection process, the judge may discharge all the persons selected to serve as jurors if the judge considers that the challenges made to persons selected to serve on the jury or as reserve jurors have resulted in a jury of a composition that may cause the trial to be, or appear to be, unfair.\nIf all the persons selected to serve as jurors are discharged, another jury must be selected from the jury panel.\n(sec.48-ssec.1) Before the court finishes the final stage of the jury selection process, the judge may discharge all the persons selected to serve as jurors if the judge considers that the challenges made to persons selected to serve on the jury or as reserve jurors have resulted in a jury of a composition that may cause the trial to be, or appear to be, unfair.\n(sec.48-ssec.2) If all the persons selected to serve as jurors are discharged, another jury must be selected from the jury panel.","sortOrder":67},{"sectionNumber":"pt.5-div.8","sectionType":"division","heading":"Presumption of authority","content":"## Presumption of authority","sortOrder":68},{"sectionNumber":"sec.49","sectionType":"section","heading":"Presumption of authority for challenge","content":"### sec.49 Presumption of authority for challenge\n\nIf a challenge to a person selected as a juror or reserve juror is made by a lawyer or other representative of a party, the challenge is presumed in the absence of evidence to the contrary to have been made on the party’s authority.","sortOrder":69},{"sectionNumber":"pt.6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Jury trials","content":"# Jury trials","sortOrder":70},{"sectionNumber":"pt.6-div.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Procedure following selection of jury","content":"## Procedure following selection of jury","sortOrder":71},{"sectionNumber":"sec.50","sectionType":"section","heading":"Jury to be sworn","content":"### sec.50 Jury to be sworn\n\nThe members of the jury must be sworn to give a true verdict, according to the evidence, on the issues to be tried, and not to disclose anything about the jury’s deliberations except as allowed or required by law.\nFor the form of the oath, see the Oaths Act 1867 , sections 21 (Swearing of jurors in civil trials) and 22 (Swearing of jurors in criminal trials). Under the Oaths Act 1867 , section 17 , a juror may make an affirmation instead of an oath in certain cases (see also section 5 of that Act).","sortOrder":72},{"sectionNumber":"sec.51","sectionType":"section","heading":"Jury to be informed of charge in criminal trial","content":"### sec.51 Jury to be informed of charge in criminal trial\n\nWhen the jury for a criminal trial has been sworn, the judge must ensure the jury is informed—\nin appropriate detail, of the charge contained in the indictment; and\nof the jury’s duty on the trial.\ns 51 amd 1996 No. 80 s 7\n- (a) in appropriate detail, of the charge contained in the indictment; and\n- (b) of the jury’s duty on the trial.","sortOrder":73},{"sectionNumber":"pt.6-div.1A","sectionType":"division","heading":"Duty of judge and jury in civil cases","content":"## Duty of judge and jury in civil cases","sortOrder":74},{"sectionNumber":"sec.51A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Duty of judge and jury","content":"### sec.51A Duty of judge and jury\n\nIn a civil trial—\nit is the jury’s duty to answer any question of fact that is left to the jury by the presiding judge; and\nit is the presiding judge’s duty to instruct the jury about the law applicable to the proceeding, with the observations on the evidence the judge considers appropriate to make.\ns 51A ins 2011 No. 45 s 151\n- (a) it is the jury’s duty to answer any question of fact that is left to the jury by the presiding judge; and\n- (b) it is the presiding judge’s duty to instruct the jury about the law applicable to the proceeding, with the observations on the evidence the judge considers appropriate to make.","sortOrder":75},{"sectionNumber":"pt.6-div.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Inspections and views","content":"## Inspections and views","sortOrder":76},{"sectionNumber":"sec.52","sectionType":"section","heading":"Inspections and views","content":"### sec.52 Inspections and views\n\nIf, on a trial, the judge considers it desirable for the jury to have a view of a particular place or object, the judge may give the necessary directions.\nThe view must be held in the presence of the judge, and the parties and their lawyers or other representatives are entitled to be present.\nThe validity of proceedings is not affected by contravention of a direction but, if the contravention is discovered before the verdict is given, the judge may discharge the jury if the judge considers the contravention appears likely to prejudice a fair trial.\n(sec.52-ssec.1) If, on a trial, the judge considers it desirable for the jury to have a view of a particular place or object, the judge may give the necessary directions.\n(sec.52-ssec.2) The view must be held in the presence of the judge, and the parties and their lawyers or other representatives are entitled to be present.\n(sec.52-ssec.3) The validity of proceedings is not affected by contravention of a direction but, if the contravention is discovered before the verdict is given, the judge may discharge the jury if the judge considers the contravention appears likely to prejudice a fair trial.","sortOrder":77},{"sectionNumber":"pt.6-div.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Segregation of jury in criminal cases","content":"## Segregation of jury in criminal cases","sortOrder":78},{"sectionNumber":"sec.53","sectionType":"section","heading":"Separation of jury","content":"### sec.53 Separation of jury\n\nAfter the jury in a criminal trial has been sworn, the jury must not separate until it has given its verdict or has been discharged by the judge.\nHowever, a jury may separate in accordance with this section.\nBefore a jury retires to consider its verdict, the judge must allow the jury to separate during a lunch or dinner adjournment to obtain meals.\nHowever, if the judge considers that allowing the jury to separate during a lunch or dinner adjournment may prejudice a fair trial, the judge may order the jury not to separate.\nSubsection (6) applies subject to subsections (3) and (4) .\nAlso, before a jury retires to consider its verdict, the judge may, if the judge considers that allowing the jury to separate would not prejudice a fair trial, allow the jury to separate—\nduring an adjournment of the court; or\nwhile proceedings are held in the jury’s absence.\nAfter the jury has retired to consider its verdict, the judge—\nmay allow the jury to separate, or an individual juror to separate from the jury, if the judge considers that allowing the jury or juror to separate would not prejudice a fair trial; and\nmay impose conditions to be complied with by the jurors or juror.\nA juror must comply with any conditions imposed by the judge under subsection (7) (b) , unless the juror has a reasonable excuse.\nMaximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\nIf a juror separates from the rest of the jury in contravention of a provision of this section, the juror may be punished summarily for contempt of the court.\nThe validity of proceedings is not affected if a juror contravenes a provision of this section but, if the contravention is discovered before the verdict is given, the judge may discharge the jury if the judge considers that the contravention appears likely to prejudice a fair trial.\ns 53 amd 1996 No. 79 s 52\nsub 2008 No. 54 s 26\n(sec.53-ssec.1) After the jury in a criminal trial has been sworn, the jury must not separate until it has given its verdict or has been discharged by the judge.\n(sec.53-ssec.2) However, a jury may separate in accordance with this section.\n(sec.53-ssec.3) Before a jury retires to consider its verdict, the judge must allow the jury to separate during a lunch or dinner adjournment to obtain meals.\n(sec.53-ssec.4) However, if the judge considers that allowing the jury to separate during a lunch or dinner adjournment may prejudice a fair trial, the judge may order the jury not to separate.\n(sec.53-ssec.5) Subsection (6) applies subject to subsections (3) and (4) .\n(sec.53-ssec.6) Also, before a jury retires to consider its verdict, the judge may, if the judge considers that allowing the jury to separate would not prejudice a fair trial, allow the jury to separate— during an adjournment of the court; or while proceedings are held in the jury’s absence.\n(sec.53-ssec.7) After the jury has retired to consider its verdict, the judge— may allow the jury to separate, or an individual juror to separate from the jury, if the judge considers that allowing the jury or juror to separate would not prejudice a fair trial; and may impose conditions to be complied with by the jurors or juror.\n(sec.53-ssec.8) A juror must comply with any conditions imposed by the judge under subsection (7) (b) , unless the juror has a reasonable excuse. Maximum penalty—10 penalty units or 2 months imprisonment.\n(sec.53-ssec.9) If a juror separates from the rest of the jury in contravention of a provision of this section, the juror may be punished summarily for contempt of the court.\n(sec.53-ssec.10) The validity of proceedings is not affected if a juror contravenes a provision of this section but, if the contravention is discovered before the verdict is given, the judge may discharge the jury if the judge considers that the contravention appears likely to prejudice a fair trial.\n- (a) during an adjournment of the court; or\n- (b) while proceedings are held in the jury’s absence.\n- (a) may allow the jury to separate, or an individual juror to separate from the jury, if the judge considers that allowing the jury or juror to separate would not prejudice a fair trial; and\n- (b) may impose conditions to be complied with by the jurors or juror.","sortOrder":79},{"sectionNumber":"sec.54","sectionType":"section","heading":"Restriction on communication","content":"### sec.54 Restriction on communication\n\nWhile a jury is kept together, a person (other than a member of the jury or a reserve juror) must not communicate with any of the jurors without the judge’s leave.\nDespite subsection (1) —\nthe officer of the court who has charge of the jury may communicate with jurors with the judge’s leave; and\nif a juror is ill—communication with the juror for arranging or administering medical treatment does not require the judge’s leave.\nA person who contravenes subsection (1) may be punished summarily for a contempt of the court.\nThe validity of proceedings is not affected by contravention of this section but, if the contravention is discovered before the verdict is given, the judge may discharge the jury if the judge considers that the contravention appears likely to prejudice a fair trial.\n(sec.54-ssec.1) While a jury is kept together, a person (other than a member of the jury or a reserve juror) must not communicate with any of the jurors without the judge’s leave.\n(sec.54-ssec.2) Despite subsection (1) — the officer of the court who has charge of the jury may communicate with jurors with the judge’s leave; and if a juror is ill—communication with the juror for arranging or administering medical treatment does not require the judge’s leave.\n(sec.54-ssec.3) A person who contravenes subsection (1) may be punished summarily for a contempt of the court.\n(sec.54-ssec.4) The validity of proceedings is not affected by contravention of this section but, if the contravention is discovered before the verdict is given, the judge may discharge the jury if the judge considers that the contravention appears likely to prejudice a fair trial.\n- (a) the officer of the court who has charge of the jury may communicate with jurors with the judge’s leave; and\n- (b) if a juror is ill—communication with the juror for arranging or administering medical treatment does not require the judge’s leave.","sortOrder":80},{"sectionNumber":"pt.6-div.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Accommodation for jury","content":"## Accommodation for jury","sortOrder":81},{"sectionNumber":"sec.55","sectionType":"section","heading":"Accommodation for jury","content":"### sec.55 Accommodation for jury\n\nWhile a jury is kept together outside the courtroom, the jurors must be kept—\nin a private place under the supervision of an officer of the court; or\nas the judge directs.\nWhile a jury is kept together outside the courtroom, the jurors must be provided with accommodation, meals and refreshments as the judge directs.\n(sec.55-ssec.1) While a jury is kept together outside the courtroom, the jurors must be kept— in a private place under the supervision of an officer of the court; or as the judge directs.\n(sec.55-ssec.2) While a jury is kept together outside the courtroom, the jurors must be provided with accommodation, meals and refreshments as the judge directs.\n- (a) in a private place under the supervision of an officer of the court; or\n- (b) as the judge directs.","sortOrder":82},{"sectionNumber":"pt.6-div.5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Discharge of individual jurors or of whole jury","content":"## Discharge of individual jurors or of whole jury","sortOrder":83},{"sectionNumber":"sec.56","sectionType":"section","heading":"Discharge or death of individual juror","content":"### sec.56 Discharge or death of individual juror\n\nIf, after a juror has been sworn—\nit appears to the judge (from the juror’s own statements or from evidence before the judge) that the juror is not impartial or ought not, for other reasons, be allowed or required to act as a juror at the trial; or\nthe juror becomes incapable, in the judge’s opinion, of continuing to act as a juror; or\nthe juror becomes unavailable, for reasons the judge considers adequate, to continue as a juror;\nthe judge may, without discharging the whole jury, discharge the juror.\nIf a juror dies or is discharged before the trial begins, the judge may direct that another juror be selected and sworn.\n(sec.56-ssec.1) If, after a juror has been sworn— it appears to the judge (from the juror’s own statements or from evidence before the judge) that the juror is not impartial or ought not, for other reasons, be allowed or required to act as a juror at the trial; or the juror becomes incapable, in the judge’s opinion, of continuing to act as a juror; or the juror becomes unavailable, for reasons the judge considers adequate, to continue as a juror; the judge may, without discharging the whole jury, discharge the juror.\n(sec.56-ssec.2) If a juror dies or is discharged before the trial begins, the judge may direct that another juror be selected and sworn.\n- (a) it appears to the judge (from the juror’s own statements or from evidence before the judge) that the juror is not impartial or ought not, for other reasons, be allowed or required to act as a juror at the trial; or\n- (b) the juror becomes incapable, in the judge’s opinion, of continuing to act as a juror; or\n- (c) the juror becomes unavailable, for reasons the judge considers adequate, to continue as a juror;","sortOrder":84},{"sectionNumber":"sec.57","sectionType":"section","heading":"Continuation of trial with less than full number of jurors","content":"### sec.57 Continuation of trial with less than full number of jurors\n\nIf a juror dies or is discharged after a trial begins, and there is no reserve juror available to take the juror’s place, the judge may direct that the trial continue with the remaining jurors.\nHowever, a civil trial can not continue with less than 3 jurors and a criminal trial can not continue with less than 10 jurors.\nThe verdict of the remaining jurors has the same effect as if all the jurors had continued present.\n(sec.57-ssec.1) If a juror dies or is discharged after a trial begins, and there is no reserve juror available to take the juror’s place, the judge may direct that the trial continue with the remaining jurors.\n(sec.57-ssec.2) However, a civil trial can not continue with less than 3 jurors and a criminal trial can not continue with less than 10 jurors.\n(sec.57-ssec.3) The verdict of the remaining jurors has the same effect as if all the jurors had continued present.","sortOrder":85},{"sectionNumber":"sec.58","sectionType":"section","heading":"Failure to reach unanimous verdict in civil cases","content":"### sec.58 Failure to reach unanimous verdict in civil cases\n\nIf after deliberating for 6 hours, a jury in a civil trial has not reached a verdict, the judge may discharge the jury.\nHowever, if the jury has not reached a unanimous verdict after 6 hours deliberation, the court may, if the parties agree, take the verdict of 3 of the jurors as the verdict of the jury.\n(sec.58-ssec.1) If after deliberating for 6 hours, a jury in a civil trial has not reached a verdict, the judge may discharge the jury.\n(sec.58-ssec.2) However, if the jury has not reached a unanimous verdict after 6 hours deliberation, the court may, if the parties agree, take the verdict of 3 of the jurors as the verdict of the jury.","sortOrder":86},{"sectionNumber":"sec.59","sectionType":"section","heading":"Verdict in criminal cases for particular offences must be unanimous","content":"### sec.59 Verdict in criminal cases for particular offences must be unanimous\n\nThis section applies to the following criminal trials on indictment—\na trial for any of the following offences—\nmurder;\nan offence against the Criminal Code , section 54A (1) if, because of the circumstances of the offence, the offender is liable to imprisonment for life, which can not be mitigated or varied under the Criminal Code or any other law;\nan offence against a law of the Commonwealth;\na trial before a jury consisting of only 10 jurors when it gives its verdict.\nFor subsection (1) (b) , it does not matter that at any time before its verdict was given the jury consisted of more than 10 jurors.\nThe verdict of the jury must be unanimous.\nHowever, if on the trial of an offence mentioned in subsection (1) (a) (i) or (ii) —\nthe jury is unable to reach a unanimous verdict; and\nthe defendant is liable to be convicted of another offence not mentioned in subsection (1) (a) (i) or (ii) ;\nin relation to the conviction for the other offence, section 59A applies as if the defendant were originally charged with the other offence.\ns 59 sub 2008 No. 50 s 8\namd 2010 No. 42 s 214 sch\n(sec.59-ssec.1) This section applies to the following criminal trials on indictment— a trial for any of the following offences— murder; an offence against the Criminal Code , section 54A (1) if, because of the circumstances of the offence, the offender is liable to imprisonment for life, which can not be mitigated or varied under the Criminal Code or any other law; an offence against a law of the Commonwealth; a trial before a jury consisting of only 10 jurors when it gives its verdict.\n(sec.59-ssec.2) For subsection (1) (b) , it does not matter that at any time before its verdict was given the jury consisted of more than 10 jurors.\n(sec.59-ssec.3) The verdict of the jury must be unanimous.\n(sec.59-ssec.4) However, if on the trial of an offence mentioned in subsection (1) (a) (i) or (ii) — the jury is unable to reach a unanimous verdict; and the defendant is liable to be convicted of another offence not mentioned in subsection (1) (a) (i) or (ii) ; in relation to the conviction for the other offence, section 59A applies as if the defendant were originally charged with the other offence.\n- (a) a trial for any of the following offences— (i) murder; (ii) an offence against the Criminal Code , section 54A (1) if, because of the circumstances of the offence, the offender is liable to imprisonment for life, which can not be mitigated or varied under the Criminal Code or any other law; (iii) an offence against a law of the Commonwealth;\n- (i) murder;\n- (ii) an offence against the Criminal Code , section 54A (1) if, because of the circumstances of the offence, the offender is liable to imprisonment for life, which can not be mitigated or varied under the Criminal Code or any other law;\n- (iii) an offence against a law of the Commonwealth;\n- (b) a trial before a jury consisting of only 10 jurors when it gives its verdict.\n- (i) murder;\n- (ii) an offence against the Criminal Code , section 54A (1) if, because of the circumstances of the offence, the offender is liable to imprisonment for life, which can not be mitigated or varied under the Criminal Code or any other law;\n- (iii) an offence against a law of the Commonwealth;\n- (a) the jury is unable to reach a unanimous verdict; and\n- (b) the defendant is liable to be convicted of another offence not mentioned in subsection (1) (a) (i) or (ii) ;","sortOrder":87},{"sectionNumber":"sec.59A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Verdict in criminal cases for other offences","content":"### sec.59A Verdict in criminal cases for other offences\n\nThis section applies to a criminal trial on indictment other than the following trials—\na trial for an offence mentioned in section 59 (1) (a) ; or\na trial before a jury as mentioned in section 59 (1) (b) .\nIf, after the prescribed period, the judge is satisfied that the jury is unlikely to reach a unanimous verdict after further deliberation, the judge may ask the jury to reach a majority verdict.\nIf the jury can reach a majority verdict, the verdict of the jury is the majority verdict.\nFor the definition in subsection (6) , prescribed period , paragraph (a) , the periods mentioned in subparagraphs (i) , (ii) and (iii) are the periods reasonably calculated by the judge.\nA decision of the judge under subsection (4) is not subject to appeal.\nIn this section—\nmajority verdict means—\nif the jury consists of 12 jurors—a verdict on which at least 11 jurors agree; or\nif the jury consists of 11 jurors—a verdict on which at least 10 jurors agree.\nprescribed period means—\na period of at least 8 hours after the jury retires to consider its verdict, not including any of the following periods—\na period allowed for meals or refreshments;\na period during which the judge allows the jury to separate, or an individual juror to separate from the jury;\na period provided for the purpose of the jury being accommodated overnight; or\nthe further period the judge considers reasonable having regard to the complexity of the trial.\ns 59A ins 2008 No. 50 s 8\n(sec.59A-ssec.1) This section applies to a criminal trial on indictment other than the following trials— a trial for an offence mentioned in section 59 (1) (a) ; or a trial before a jury as mentioned in section 59 (1) (b) .\n(sec.59A-ssec.2) If, after the prescribed period, the judge is satisfied that the jury is unlikely to reach a unanimous verdict after further deliberation, the judge may ask the jury to reach a majority verdict.\n(sec.59A-ssec.3) If the jury can reach a majority verdict, the verdict of the jury is the majority verdict.\n(sec.59A-ssec.4) For the definition in subsection (6) , prescribed period , paragraph (a) , the periods mentioned in subparagraphs (i) , (ii) and (iii) are the periods reasonably calculated by the judge.\n(sec.59A-ssec.5) A decision of the judge under subsection (4) is not subject to appeal.\n(sec.59A-ssec.6) In this section— majority verdict means— if the jury consists of 12 jurors—a verdict on which at least 11 jurors agree; or if the jury consists of 11 jurors—a verdict on which at least 10 jurors agree. prescribed period means— a period of at least 8 hours after the jury retires to consider its verdict, not including any of the following periods— a period allowed for meals or refreshments; a period during which the judge allows the jury to separate, or an individual juror to separate from the jury; a period provided for the purpose of the jury being accommodated overnight; or the further period the judge considers reasonable having regard to the complexity of the trial.\n- (a) a trial for an offence mentioned in section 59 (1) (a) ; or\n- (b) a trial before a jury as mentioned in section 59 (1) (b) .\n- (a) if the jury consists of 12 jurors—a verdict on which at least 11 jurors agree; or\n- (b) if the jury consists of 11 jurors—a verdict on which at least 10 jurors agree.\n- (a) a period of at least 8 hours after the jury retires to consider its verdict, not including any of the following periods— (i) a period allowed for meals or refreshments; (ii) a period during which the judge allows the jury to separate, or an individual juror to separate from the jury; (iii) a period provided for the purpose of the jury being accommodated overnight; or\n- (i) a period allowed for meals or refreshments;\n- (ii) a period during which the judge allows the jury to separate, or an individual juror to separate from the jury;\n- (iii) a period provided for the purpose of the jury being accommodated overnight; or\n- (b) the further period the judge considers reasonable having regard to the complexity of the trial.\n- (i) a period allowed for meals or refreshments;\n- (ii) a period during which the judge allows the jury to separate, or an individual juror to separate from the jury;\n- (iii) a period provided for the purpose of the jury being accommodated overnight; or","sortOrder":88},{"sectionNumber":"sec.60","sectionType":"section","heading":"Jury may be discharged from giving verdict","content":"### sec.60 Jury may be discharged from giving verdict\n\nIf a jury can not agree on a verdict, or the judge considers there are other proper reasons for discharging the jury without giving a verdict, the judge may discharge the jury without giving a verdict.\nIf proceedings before a jury are to be discontinued because the trial is adjourned, the judge may discharge the jury.\nA decision of a judge under this section is not subject to appeal.\n(sec.60-ssec.1) If a jury can not agree on a verdict, or the judge considers there are other proper reasons for discharging the jury without giving a verdict, the judge may discharge the jury without giving a verdict.\n(sec.60-ssec.2) If proceedings before a jury are to be discontinued because the trial is adjourned, the judge may discharge the jury.\n(sec.60-ssec.3) A decision of a judge under this section is not subject to appeal.","sortOrder":89},{"sectionNumber":"sec.61","sectionType":"section","heading":"Discharge of jury when judge dies or becomes incapacitated","content":"### sec.61 Discharge of jury when judge dies or becomes incapacitated\n\nIf the judge dies, or becomes incapable of proceeding with the trial, an appropriate officer of the court must discharge the jury.","sortOrder":90},{"sectionNumber":"sec.62","sectionType":"section","heading":"What happens when jury is discharged","content":"### sec.62 What happens when jury is discharged\n\nWhen a jury is discharged, the judge may proceed immediately with the selection of a new jury, or may adjourn the trial.\nIf the defendant in a criminal trial is in custody when the jury is discharged, the defendant remains in custody unless granted bail.\n(sec.62-ssec.1) When a jury is discharged, the judge may proceed immediately with the selection of a new jury, or may adjourn the trial.\n(sec.62-ssec.2) If the defendant in a criminal trial is in custody when the jury is discharged, the defendant remains in custody unless granted bail.","sortOrder":91},{"sectionNumber":"pt.7","sectionType":"part","heading":"Juror’s remuneration and allowances","content":"# Juror’s remuneration and allowances","sortOrder":92},{"sectionNumber":"sec.63","sectionType":"section","heading":"Remuneration and allowances","content":"### sec.63 Remuneration and allowances\n\nA person who attends when instructed by the sheriff to attend under a summons to perform jury service, or who serves as a juror or reserve juror, is entitled to remuneration and allowances on the scale prescribed under a regulation.","sortOrder":93},{"sectionNumber":"sec.64","sectionType":"section","heading":"Special payments in certain cases","content":"### sec.64 Special payments in certain cases\n\nThe Governor in Council may authorise a special payment compensating a person who suffers injury, damage or loss arising out of the person’s jury service.\nA person may only apply for special compensation for financial loss arising out of inability to carry on a business or engage in a remunerative activity while performing jury service, if the applicant served as a juror (or reserve juror) in a trial that continued for at least 30 days.\nAn application for special compensation under this section—\nmust be made in writing to the Minister; and\nmust include full details of the injury, damage or loss; and\nmust be accompanied by all documentary evidence in the applicant’s possession of the injury, damage or loss.\nOn receiving an application under this section, the Minister may make inquiries to verify the details of the injury, damage or loss claimed by the applicant.\n(sec.64-ssec.1) The Governor in Council may authorise a special payment compensating a person who suffers injury, damage or loss arising out of the person’s jury service.\n(sec.64-ssec.2) A person may only apply for special compensation for financial loss arising out of inability to carry on a business or engage in a remunerative activity while performing jury service, if the applicant served as a juror (or reserve juror) in a trial that continued for at least 30 days.\n(sec.64-ssec.3) An application for special compensation under this section— must be made in writing to the Minister; and must include full details of the injury, damage or loss; and must be accompanied by all documentary evidence in the applicant’s possession of the injury, damage or loss.\n(sec.64-ssec.4) On receiving an application under this section, the Minister may make inquiries to verify the details of the injury, damage or loss claimed by the applicant.\n- (a) must be made in writing to the Minister; and\n- (b) must include full details of the injury, damage or loss; and\n- (c) must be accompanied by all documentary evidence in the applicant’s possession of the injury, damage or loss.","sortOrder":94},{"sectionNumber":"sec.65","sectionType":"section","heading":"Fee for jury in civil cases","content":"### sec.65 Fee for jury in civil cases\n\nIf a party to a civil trial requires a jury, the party must pay to the registrar of the court before which the trial is to be conducted—\nthe fee prescribed under a regulation before the trial begins; and\nthe further fees required under a regulation as and when payment is required under the regulation.\nIf the court before which a civil trial is to be conducted requires a jury, the plaintiff must pay to the registrar of the court—\nthe fee prescribed under a regulation before the trial begins; and\nthe further fees required under a regulation as and when payment is required under the regulation.\nIf the trial does not proceed and no person attends the court for jury service, the party who paid the fee is entitled to the return of the fee less any amount necessarily spent by the sheriff in arranging for the attendance, or cancelling the attendance, of prospective jurors at the proposed trial.\n(sec.65-ssec.1) If a party to a civil trial requires a jury, the party must pay to the registrar of the court before which the trial is to be conducted— the fee prescribed under a regulation before the trial begins; and the further fees required under a regulation as and when payment is required under the regulation.\n(sec.65-ssec.2) If the court before which a civil trial is to be conducted requires a jury, the plaintiff must pay to the registrar of the court— the fee prescribed under a regulation before the trial begins; and the further fees required under a regulation as and when payment is required under the regulation.\n(sec.65-ssec.3) If the trial does not proceed and no person attends the court for jury service, the party who paid the fee is entitled to the return of the fee less any amount necessarily spent by the sheriff in arranging for the attendance, or cancelling the attendance, of prospective jurors at the proposed trial.\n- (a) the fee prescribed under a regulation before the trial begins; and\n- (b) the further fees required under a regulation as and when payment is required under the regulation.\n- (a) the fee prescribed under a regulation before the trial begins; and\n- (b) the further fees required under a regulation as and when payment is required under the regulation.","sortOrder":95},{"sectionNumber":"pt.8","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"# Miscellaneous","sortOrder":96},{"sectionNumber":"sec.65A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Civil trial without a jury","content":"### sec.65A Civil trial without a jury\n\nA court may order a civil trial without a jury if the trial—\nrequires a prolonged examination of records; or\ninvolves any technical, scientific or other issue that can not be conveniently considered and resolved by a jury.\ns 65A ins 2011 No. 45 s 152\n- (a) requires a prolonged examination of records; or\n- (b) involves any technical, scientific or other issue that can not be conveniently considered and resolved by a jury.","sortOrder":97},{"sectionNumber":"sec.66","sectionType":"section","heading":"Impersonation of members of jury panel or jury","content":"### sec.66 Impersonation of members of jury panel or jury\n\nA person must not pretend to be a member of a jury panel, a juror or a reserve juror.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.","sortOrder":98},{"sectionNumber":"sec.67","sectionType":"section","heading":"Falsification of jury lists etc.","content":"### sec.67 Falsification of jury lists etc.\n\nA person must not falsify a record to be made or kept under this Act.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\nA person must not obstruct or interfere with the proper formation of a jury under this Act.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.67-ssec.1) A person must not falsify a record to be made or kept under this Act. Maximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.67-ssec.2) A person must not obstruct or interfere with the proper formation of a jury under this Act. Maximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.","sortOrder":99},{"sectionNumber":"sec.68","sectionType":"section","heading":"Obligation to answer questions etc.","content":"### sec.68 Obligation to answer questions etc.\n\nThe sheriff or a person authorised by the sheriff may ask a person reasonable questions to find out whether the person is qualified for jury service.\nThe person must not fail to answer a question, unless the person has a reasonable excuse.\nMaximum penalty—20 penalty units or 4 months imprisonment.\nThe person must answer any question truthfully.\nMaximum penalty—20 penalty units or 4 months imprisonment.\nThe sheriff or a person authorised by the sheriff may ask a person to produce a document to find out whether the person is qualified for jury service.\nThe person must not fail to comply with the request, unless the person has a reasonable excuse.\nMaximum penalty—20 penalty units or 4 months imprisonment.\nThe Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 does not apply to the disclosure of information in response to questions asked under this section.\nThe Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 , section 6 , places restrictions on disclosure of the criminal history of a person by someone if the rehabilitation period under the Act has come to an end.\n(sec.68-ssec.1) The sheriff or a person authorised by the sheriff may ask a person reasonable questions to find out whether the person is qualified for jury service.\n(sec.68-ssec.2) The person must not fail to answer a question, unless the person has a reasonable excuse. Maximum penalty—20 penalty units or 4 months imprisonment.\n(sec.68-ssec.3) The person must answer any question truthfully. Maximum penalty—20 penalty units or 4 months imprisonment.\n(sec.68-ssec.4) The sheriff or a person authorised by the sheriff may ask a person to produce a document to find out whether the person is qualified for jury service.\n(sec.68-ssec.5) The person must not fail to comply with the request, unless the person has a reasonable excuse. Maximum penalty—20 penalty units or 4 months imprisonment.\n(sec.68-ssec.6) The Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 does not apply to the disclosure of information in response to questions asked under this section. The Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986 , section 6 , places restrictions on disclosure of the criminal history of a person by someone if the rehabilitation period under the Act has come to an end.","sortOrder":100},{"sectionNumber":"sec.69","sectionType":"section","heading":"Employment not to be terminated or prejudiced because of jury service","content":"### sec.69 Employment not to be terminated or prejudiced because of jury service\n\nA person must not terminate the employment of anyone, or prejudice anyone in employment, because the other person is, was, or will be, absent from employment on jury service.\nMaximum penalty—1 year’s imprisonment.","sortOrder":101},{"sectionNumber":"sec.69A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Inquiries by juror about accused prohibited","content":"### sec.69A Inquiries by juror about accused prohibited\n\nA person who has been sworn as a juror in a criminal trial must not inquire about the defendant in the trial until the jury of which the person is a member has given its verdict, or the person has been discharged by the judge.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\nSubsection (1) does not prevent a juror making an inquiry being made of the court to the extent necessary for the proper performance of a juror’s functions.\nIn this section—\ninquire includes—\nsearch an electronic database for information, for example, by using the internet; and\ncause someone else to inquire.\ns 69A ins 2002 No. 23 s 54\n(sec.69A-ssec.1) A person who has been sworn as a juror in a criminal trial must not inquire about the defendant in the trial until the jury of which the person is a member has given its verdict, or the person has been discharged by the judge. Maximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.69A-ssec.2) Subsection (1) does not prevent a juror making an inquiry being made of the court to the extent necessary for the proper performance of a juror’s functions.\n(sec.69A-ssec.3) In this section— inquire includes— search an electronic database for information, for example, by using the internet; and cause someone else to inquire.\n- (a) search an electronic database for information, for example, by using the internet; and\n- (b) cause someone else to inquire.","sortOrder":102},{"sectionNumber":"sec.70","sectionType":"section","heading":"Confidentiality of jury deliberations","content":"### sec.70 Confidentiality of jury deliberations\n\nA person must not publish to the public jury information.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\nA person must not seek from a member or former member of a jury the disclosure of jury information.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\nA person who is a member or former member of a jury must not disclose jury information, if the person has reason to believe any of the information is likely to be, or will be, published to the public.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\nSubsections (2) to (4) are subject to the following subsections.\nInformation may be sought by, and disclosed to, the court to the extent necessary for the proper performance of the jury’s functions.\nIf there are grounds to suspect that a person may have been guilty of bias, fraud or an offence related to the person’s membership of a jury or the performance of functions as a member of a jury, the court before which the trial was conducted may authorise—\nan investigation of the suspected bias, fraud, or offence; and\nthe seeking and disclosure of jury information for the purposes of the investigation.\nIf a member of the jury suspects another member (the suspect ) of bias, fraud or an offence related to the suspect’s membership of the jury or the performance of the suspect’s functions as a member of the jury, the member may disclose the suspicion and the grounds on which it is held to the Attorney-General or the director of public prosecutions.\nOn application by the Attorney-General, the Supreme Court may authorise—\nthe conduct of research projects involving the questioning of members or former members of juries; and\nthe publication of the results of the research.\nThe Supreme Court may give an authorisation under subsection (9) on conditions the court considers appropriate.\nInformation identifying or likely to identify a person as, or as having been, a juror in a particular proceeding may be disclosed—\nin the course of the proceeding—by any person with the court’s permission or with lawful excuse; or\nafter the proceeding has ended—by the juror or someone else with the juror’s consent.\nA former member of a jury may disclose jury information to a health professional who is treating the former member in relation to issues arising out of the former member’s service on the jury.\nThe health professional may ask the former member to disclose jury information for the purpose of treating the former member in relation to issues arising out of the former member’s service on the jury.\nThe health professional must not disclose jury information to anyone else unless the health professional considers it necessary for the health or welfare of the former member.\nMaximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\nSubsection (14) does not apply in as far as the health professional discloses information that identifies the health professional’s patient to the sheriff for the purpose of the sheriff advising whether the patient was a former member of a jury.\nThe sheriff may disclose to the health professional information advising whether the patient was a former member of a jury.\nIn this section—\nhealth professional means a person who practises a profession prescribed under a regulation for the definition, and includes a doctor and a psychologist.\njury information means—\ninformation about statements made, opinions expressed, arguments advanced, or votes cast, in the course of a jury’s deliberations; or\ninformation identifying or likely to identify a person as, or as having been, a juror in a particular proceeding.\npsychologist means a person registered under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law to practise in the psychology profession, other than as a student.\ntreat , in relation to a patient of a health professional, means provide a service to the patient in the course of the patient’s seeking or receiving advice or treatment.\ns 70 amd 1997 No. 9 s 35 ; 2002 No. 23 s 55 ; 2004 No. 43 s 54 ; 2010 No. 14 s 124 sch\n(sec.70-ssec.2) A person must not publish to the public jury information. Maximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.70-ssec.3) A person must not seek from a member or former member of a jury the disclosure of jury information. Maximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.70-ssec.4) A person who is a member or former member of a jury must not disclose jury information, if the person has reason to believe any of the information is likely to be, or will be, published to the public. Maximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.70-ssec.5) Subsections (2) to (4) are subject to the following subsections.\n(sec.70-ssec.6) Information may be sought by, and disclosed to, the court to the extent necessary for the proper performance of the jury’s functions.\n(sec.70-ssec.7) If there are grounds to suspect that a person may have been guilty of bias, fraud or an offence related to the person’s membership of a jury or the performance of functions as a member of a jury, the court before which the trial was conducted may authorise— an investigation of the suspected bias, fraud, or offence; and the seeking and disclosure of jury information for the purposes of the investigation.\n(sec.70-ssec.8) If a member of the jury suspects another member (the suspect ) of bias, fraud or an offence related to the suspect’s membership of the jury or the performance of the suspect’s functions as a member of the jury, the member may disclose the suspicion and the grounds on which it is held to the Attorney-General or the director of public prosecutions.\n(sec.70-ssec.9) On application by the Attorney-General, the Supreme Court may authorise— the conduct of research projects involving the questioning of members or former members of juries; and the publication of the results of the research.\n(sec.70-ssec.10) The Supreme Court may give an authorisation under subsection (9) on conditions the court considers appropriate.\n(sec.70-ssec.11) Information identifying or likely to identify a person as, or as having been, a juror in a particular proceeding may be disclosed— in the course of the proceeding—by any person with the court’s permission or with lawful excuse; or after the proceeding has ended—by the juror or someone else with the juror’s consent.\n(sec.70-ssec.12) A former member of a jury may disclose jury information to a health professional who is treating the former member in relation to issues arising out of the former member’s service on the jury.\n(sec.70-ssec.13) The health professional may ask the former member to disclose jury information for the purpose of treating the former member in relation to issues arising out of the former member’s service on the jury.\n(sec.70-ssec.14) The health professional must not disclose jury information to anyone else unless the health professional considers it necessary for the health or welfare of the former member. Maximum penalty—2 years imprisonment.\n(sec.70-ssec.15) Subsection (14) does not apply in as far as the health professional discloses information that identifies the health professional’s patient to the sheriff for the purpose of the sheriff advising whether the patient was a former member of a jury.\n(sec.70-ssec.16) The sheriff may disclose to the health professional information advising whether the patient was a former member of a jury.\n(sec.70-ssec.17) In this section— health professional means a person who practises a profession prescribed under a regulation for the definition, and includes a doctor and a psychologist. jury information means— information about statements made, opinions expressed, arguments advanced, or votes cast, in the course of a jury’s deliberations; or information identifying or likely to identify a person as, or as having been, a juror in a particular proceeding. psychologist means a person registered under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law to practise in the psychology profession, other than as a student. treat , in relation to a patient of a health professional, means provide a service to the patient in the course of the patient’s seeking or receiving advice or treatment.\n- (a) an investigation of the suspected bias, fraud, or offence; and\n- (b) the seeking and disclosure of jury information for the purposes of the investigation.\n- (a) the conduct of research projects involving the questioning of members or former members of juries; and\n- (b) the publication of the results of the research.\n- (a) in the course of the proceeding—by any person with the court’s permission or with lawful excuse; or\n- (b) after the proceeding has ended—by the juror or someone else with the juror’s consent.\n- (a) information about statements made, opinions expressed, arguments advanced, or votes cast, in the course of a jury’s deliberations; or\n- (b) information identifying or likely to identify a person as, or as having been, a juror in a particular proceeding.","sortOrder":103},{"sectionNumber":"sec.71","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"### Section sec.71\n\ns 71 om 2000 No. 5 s 461 sch 3","sortOrder":104},{"sectionNumber":"sec.72","sectionType":"section","heading":"Delegation by sheriff","content":"### sec.72 Delegation by sheriff\n\nA sheriff may delegate the sheriff’s powers under this Act.\nHowever, a delegation may only be made to a person prescribed under a regulation.\n(sec.72-ssec.1) A sheriff may delegate the sheriff’s powers under this Act.\n(sec.72-ssec.2) However, a delegation may only be made to a person prescribed under a regulation.","sortOrder":105},{"sectionNumber":"sec.73","sectionType":"section","heading":"Chief executive may approve forms","content":"### sec.73 Chief executive may approve forms\n\nThe chief executive may approve forms for use under this Act.\nForms may be approved for notices, questionnaires, summonses and applications.","sortOrder":106},{"sectionNumber":"sec.74","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulations","content":"### sec.74 Regulations\n\nThe Governor in Council may make regulations under this Act.\nA regulation may create offences and prescribe penalties of not more than 10 penalty units for each offence.\n(sec.74-ssec.1) The Governor in Council may make regulations under this Act.\n(sec.74-ssec.2) A regulation may create offences and prescribe penalties of not more than 10 penalty units for each offence.","sortOrder":107},{"sectionNumber":"pt.9","sectionType":"part","heading":"Transitional provisions","content":"# Transitional provisions","sortOrder":108},{"sectionNumber":"sec.77","sectionType":"section","heading":"Jury Act 1929 references","content":"### sec.77 Jury Act 1929 references\n\nIn an Act or document, a reference to the Jury Act 1929 may, if the context permits, be taken to be a reference to this Act.","sortOrder":109},{"sectionNumber":"sec.78","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transitional provision for Guardianship and Administration and Other Acts Amendment Act 2008","content":"### sec.78 Transitional provision for Guardianship and Administration and Other Acts Amendment Act 2008\n\nSection 53(7) and (8) applies only if a jury retires to consider its verdict on or after the commencement of this section.\ns 78 prev s 78 sub 1996 No. 80 s 8\nexp 12 June 1997 (see s 78(5))\npres s 78 ins 2008 No. 54 s 27","sortOrder":110},{"sectionNumber":"sec.79","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transitional provision for Criminal Code and Jury and Another Act Amendment Act 2008 —majority verdicts","content":"### sec.79 Transitional provision for Criminal Code and Jury and Another Act Amendment Act 2008 —majority verdicts\n\nSection 59 as in force before the commencement continues to apply to a criminal trial begun but not completed before the commencement as if the amending Act had not been enacted.\nFor subsection (1), a trial has begun when all the members of the jury have been sworn.\nSections 59 and 59A as in force after the commencement apply to a criminal trial that begins after the commencement whether the offence was committed before or after the commencement.\nIn this section—\namending Act means the Criminal Code and Jury and Another Act Amendment Act 2008 , part 3 .\ncommencement means the commencement of the amending Act.\ns 79 ins 2008 No. 50 s 9\n(sec.79-ssec.1) Section 59 as in force before the commencement continues to apply to a criminal trial begun but not completed before the commencement as if the amending Act had not been enacted.\n(sec.79-ssec.2) For subsection (1), a trial has begun when all the members of the jury have been sworn.\n(sec.79-ssec.3) Sections 59 and 59A as in force after the commencement apply to a criminal trial that begins after the commencement whether the offence was committed before or after the commencement.\n(sec.79-ssec.4) In this section— amending Act means the Criminal Code and Jury and Another Act Amendment Act 2008 , part 3 . commencement means the commencement of the amending Act.","sortOrder":111}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"model":"kimi-k2.6","source":"moonshot-batch-reanalyse","citationCount":11,"completionTokens":4338},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The legislation has expanded well beyond traditional jury selection and summoning. It now regulates juror behaviour during and after trial — including prohibiting internet searches about defendants, governing post-service mental health disclosures, authorising academic research access to former jurors, and setting complex majority-verdict time calculations. These modern administrative and behavioural controls significantly broaden the Act's original reach."},"complexity_factors":["Numerous nested eligibility and exclusion categories in section 4 (age, occupation, criminal history, disability, language)","Extensive cross-referencing to external legislation (Criminal Code, Oaths Act, Rehabilitation of Offenders Act, Supreme Court of Queensland Act)","Multi-layered excuse criteria with separate powers for the sheriff and judges, subject to practice directions (ss 19-23)","Challenge rules that vary by trial type (civil vs criminal), number of defendants, and number of reserve jurors (s 42)","Complex majority verdict provisions with prescribed time calculations and different thresholds depending on jury size (ss 59, 59A)","Detailed confidentiality regime for jury deliberations containing multiple exceptions and sub-exceptions (research, health professionals, investigations, court functions) (s 70)","Administrative steps involving random selection, electronic service, list revision, and summons tracking (ss 15-30)","Transitional provisions applying different verdict rules based on when a trial commenced (s 79)"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this Act is about**\n\nThis law governs how juries are chosen and run for civil and criminal trials in Queensland. It covers who is eligible, how people are summoned, how a jury is picked, how jurors must behave during a trial, and how verdicts are reached.\n\n**Who must serve**\n\nGenerally, anyone enrolled to vote and living in a jury district must serve unless excused. However, certain people are ineligible, including members of Parliament, judges, practising lawyers, police officers, corrective services staff, people unable to read or write English, and anyone who has been sentenced to imprisonment. People aged 70 or over are automatically ineligible unless they choose to volunteer.\n\n**Getting on a jury roll and being summoned**\n\nThe sheriff uses the electoral roll to build lists of potential jurors. If you are on a list, you will receive a notice and questionnaire to confirm whether you are qualified. You can apply to be excused for reasons such as substantial hardship, illness, financial loss, or caring responsibilities. The sheriff or a judge decides whether to excuse you.\n\n**Selecting the jury**\n\n- **Civil trials** need 4 jurors.\n- **Criminal trials** need 12 jurors.\n- Up to 3 extra \"reserve\" jurors may be chosen in case someone drops out during the trial.\n\nNames are drawn randomly. Before jurors are sworn in, each party can remove a limited number of jurors without giving a reason (a \"peremptory challenge\"). They can also object to any juror they believe is biased or unqualified (a \"challenge for cause\").\n\n**During the trial**\n\nOnce sworn in, jurors promise to give a true verdict based only on the evidence. In criminal trials they are usually kept together and cannot talk about the case with anyone outside the jury. They are forbidden from doing their own research, including looking up the accused on the internet. The judge explains the law, while the jury decides the facts.\n\n**Reaching a verdict**\n\nFor most criminal trials, all jurors must agree (a unanimous verdict). If they cannot agree after lengthy deliberation, the judge may accept a \"majority verdict\" (11 out of 12, or 10 out of 11 if a juror has been discharged). For murder and certain other serious offences, the verdict must always be unanimous. In civil trials, if the four jurors cannot agree, the parties can choose to accept a verdict from three of them.\n\n**Protections, pay and confidentiality**\n\nEmployers cannot dismiss or punish staff for doing jury duty. Jurors are paid amounts set by regulation. Special compensation may be available for very long trials. What is said in the jury room is generally secret, with limited exceptions — for example, a juror may discuss trauma with a doctor or psychologist, and courts may allow research projects or investigate suspected jury fraud.\n\n**Penalties**\n\nFailing to answer a summons, lying on a jury form, asking unauthorised questions about potential jurors, or investigating the accused online can result in fines or imprisonment."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act as presented has been amended over time, altering scope and procedure in specific areas. Examples in the text include: introduction of majority verdict rules for many indictable trials and the corresponding transitional provision (sections 59A and 79); express allowance for electronic notices and summonses (amendment reflected in s.18 and s.27); insertion of protections and limits on juror inquiry using electronic resources (s.69A); addition of a statutory power for courts to order civil trials without a jury in complex or technical cases (s.65A); and explicit authorisations for court‑sanctioned research and limited disclosure of jury information (s.70(9)–(11)). These amendments reflect discrete changes to how juries are summoned, questioned, protected and how verdicts may be reached (see ss.18, 27, 59A, 65A, 69A, 70, 79)."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple decision‑makers with overlapping roles: sheriff (administration), judges (excusal, challenges, conduct), Senior Judge Administrator (practice directions) (ss.8, 13, 19–21, 36).","Numerous procedural steps and conditional paths: jury roll creation, notice and questionnaire return, revision of lists, selection from revised or unrevised lists, summons and attendance, excusals pre/post summons (ss.9–18, 24–27, 19–23).","Significant statutory discretion and delegated procedural detail left to practice directions and regulations (s.13, s.74, s.63, s.72).","Cross‑linking to other laws and transitional provisions (electoral roll data, Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act exceptions, Oaths Act references, transitional sections) increases interpretive complexity (ss.3, 11, references in ss.35, 68, 50, 77, 79).","Multiple offence and penalty provisions of differing severity, and both criminal offence and contempt pathways (ss.18, 28, 31, 66–70, 67, 68).","Several special‑case rules (reserve jurors, continuation with reduced juror numbers, unanimity vs majority verdict regimes, court‑authorised research exceptions) that interact depending on trial type and stage (ss.34, 57, 59–59A, 70)."],"plain_english_summary":"What this law does, in plain terms\n\n- Sets out who must, may and may not serve on juries in Queensland and how jury service is managed (see sections 4–5, 9–12, 15–18).\n- Requires the sheriff to keep jury rolls, prepare lists of prospective jurors and issue summonses; provides methods for selecting names at random (computer or cards) and for giving notices and summonses, including electronically (see sections 9–11, 15–18, 16, 26, 27).\n- Gives sheriffs and judges powers to excuse people from service and lists the criteria to be considered (employment, financial hardship, care responsibilities, health, and practice directions) (see sections 19–23, 21).\n- Describes the composition and selection of juries: civil juries are 4 people, criminal juries 12 people, with optional reserve jurors (see sections 32–34). Selection of jurors is by random draw and the judge and parties have procedures to challenge or question prospective jurors (see sections 16, 41–47, 42–44).\n- Provides rules for the conduct of juries during trials, including swearing, instructions, separation, communication restrictions, accommodation while sequestered and what happens if jurors die or are discharged (see sections 50–56, 53–55, 57–62).\n- Sets rules on verdicts: when unanimity is required (certain serious offences and when only 10 jurors remain) and when majority verdicts are permitted after prescribed time periods (see sections 59–59A, 79 (transitional)).\n- Deals with juror pay, allowances, special compensation for loss or injury, and fees for parties that require a jury in civil cases (see sections 63–65, 64).\n- Imposes criminal penalties for specified wrongdoing connected to jury service and administration (failure to comply with summons, false answers, impersonation, falsifying lists, unlawful communications about jurors, breaches of confidentiality) (see sections 18(4),(7), 28, 31, 66–70, 67, 68).\n\nWho pays, who decides, and what changes behaviour\n\n- Who pays: jurors are entitled to remuneration and allowances as set by regulation (s.63). A party that requests a jury in a civil case must pay fees to the court (s.65). The Governor in Council may authorise special compensation for injury, damage or loss arising from jury service; special compensation for prolonged business loss is limited to those who served in trials of 30+ days (s.64).\n\n- Who decides: the sheriff is the main administrator of jury rolls, lists and summonses and may delegate to prescribed persons (s.8, 9, 15, 72). Judges decide excusals when sitting in court, resolve challenges, may direct supplementary selection and manage jury conduct in trials (s.19–21, 20, 36, 38, 41, 46–48). The Senior Judge Administrator issues practice directions that set many procedural requirements (s.13).\n\n- Behaviour changes the law expects: eligible citizens must respond to notices and return questionnaires (failure to do so risks penalties) and must attend if summoned unless excused (s.18, 28). Employers are forbidden from terminating or prejudicing employment because of jury service, but the Act does not itself prescribe paid leave—remuneration and allowances are set by regulation and special compensation is limited (s.63, 64, 69). The law restricts public discussion, publication and investigation of jury deliberations and forbids jurors from making outside inquiries about accused persons (s.69A, 70).\n\nOfficial purpose-claims and an operational check against costs and trade-offs\n\n- Purpose-claims (express or implicit in the Act): establish a random, administrable system for summoning and selecting jurors; protect jury integrity and confidentiality; provide basic compensation and limited protections for jurors; and allow judges to manage selection to secure impartial juries (see especially ss.13, 16, 41, 70).\n\n- Operational check against costs, incentives and trade-offs, citing concrete mechanisms:\n  - Administrative cost and discretion: the sheriff and electoral commission must exchange data and may use police assistance to keep jury rolls (s.11–12). The sheriff chooses list frequency and numbers to meet projected demand (s.15) and may delegate powers only to prescribed persons (s.72). These provisions concentrate implementation responsibility in the sheriff and allow significant operational discretion (s.8, 15, 72, 13).\n  - Compliance burden on individuals: prospective jurors must complete questionnaires and, where seeking excusal, use a prescribed application form (s.18). False statements and failure to answer or attend can attract criminal penalties (s.18(4),(7), 28, 68). Those penalties create a legal cost for non‑compliance and a time cost (responding to forms and possibly appearing in court).\n  - Economic impact on jurors and businesses: jurors are entitled to remuneration (s.63) but special compensation for business loss is limited and conditional (trial must last 30+ days; application and Ministerial inquiry required) (s.64). Employers are prohibited from terminating or prejudicing employment because of jury service (s.69), shifting some cost of absence to businesses (risk of disrupted labour), while the Act leaves the scale of pay and allowances to regulation (s.63). This structure creates an incentive for employers and jurors to treat jury service as a statutory leave of absence with regulated minimal compensation rather than full wage replacement unless regulations provide otherwise.\n  - Effects on private parties in civil cases: the party who requests a jury must pay prescribed fees before trial and further fees as required (s.65). Those fees shift the direct monetary cost of convening a civil jury to litigants.\n  - Protections for trial integrity vs. transparency and research: publication and solicitation of jury deliberation content is broadly prohibited with criminal penalties (s.70). The Act, however, permits court‑authorised investigations into suspected jury bias or fraud and allows the Supreme Court to authorise research projects involving questioning of jurors under conditions (s.70(6)–(11)). These clauses limit public speech about deliberations while preserving narrow investigatory or research exceptions.\n  - Random selection and anti‑manipulation mechanisms: selection is required to be random, by computer or draw of cards (s.16, 26, 41). That mechanical prescription reduces the scope for ad hoc selection but relies on operational integrity of the sheriff’s systems.\n  - Judicial discretion and timing trade-offs: judges may permit questioning at the final selection stage for special reasons (s.47), and judges can discharge individual jurors or entire juries where impartiality or composition raises fairness concerns (s.46, 48). These judicial powers protect trial fairness but introduce case‑by‑case discretion that can prolong pre‑trial procedures and affect trial scheduling.\n\nImplementation risks and potential substitution effects (mechanisms, not value judgments)\n\n- If the sheriff’s administrative choices (frequency of lists, methods of notice, delegation) or practice directions are changed, the cost and burden on prospective jurors and courts will shift (s.13, 15, 72).\n- Strict confidentiality and penalties against juror inquiry (s.69A, 70) reduce post‑trial public information and constrain journalists, researchers and participants; the Act allows limited court‑authorised exceptions (s.70(6)–(11)).\n- Where civil parties must pay fees for juries, some litigants may choose bench trials where permitted (s.65, 65A) to avoid costs, or avoid bringing certain disputes to jury trial.\n\nBottom line (mechanics):\n\n- The Act creates the statutory machinery for recruiting, summoning, selecting, protecting and remunerating jurors, allocates principal administrative responsibility to the sheriff and judicial oversight to judges, prescribes penalties for non‑compliance and sets rules on verdicts and jury conduct. Key operational levers that determine cost and impact are the sheriff’s administrative choices, regulations (remuneration, forms, offences), and practice directions issued under s.13 (see ss.8–15, 63–65, 72, 13)."},"summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The Act remains focused on its original and stated purpose: regulating the civic obligation of jury service in Queensland, covering eligibility, selection processes, trial conduct, and verdicts. Amendments over the years (1996–2017) have modernised procedural details — such as allowing electronic summons delivery and refining separation rules — but have not materially expanded or contracted the core subject matter. The Act has not drifted into unrelated policy territory."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple interlocking administrative layers (Sheriff of Queensland, deputy sheriffs, Senior Judge Administrator, electoral commission, police) with overlapping responsibilities","Tiered eligibility and exclusion rules with opt-in provisions for older Queenslanders","Detailed multi-stage jury selection process with distinct procedures for civil vs criminal trials","Complex challenge system (peremptory challenges, challenges for cause, panel challenges, special inquiry procedures under s.47) with different numerical entitlements depending on trial type and number of defendants","Multiple offence provisions with penalties scattered throughout the Act rather than consolidated","Numerous cross-references to other legislation (Oaths Act 1867, Criminal Law (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Act 1986, Supreme Court of Queensland Act 1991, District Court of Queensland Act 1967)","Distinction between jury service rules pre-verdict and post-verdict (deliberations, verdict publication, juror protection)","Majority verdict provisions with different thresholds and timing requirements for civil vs criminal trials","Interaction between statutory provisions and practice directions issued by the Senior Judge Administrator, creating a two-tier regulatory framework","Truncated content means full scope cannot be assessed — provisions on juror payment, misconduct, and post-trial protections are incomplete"],"plain_english_summary":"## Queensland Jury Act 1995 — What It Means for You\n\nThis Queensland law sets out the complete rulebook for how jury trials work — from who gets called up for jury duty, all the way through to how a verdict is delivered and what happens after.\n\n### Who Has to Do Jury Duty?\nMost Queensland residents enrolled to vote are legally obligated to serve as a juror when called. However, some people are **automatically excluded**, including:\n- Politicians, judges, magistrates, and police officers (current or former)\n- Lawyers currently doing legal work\n- Prison and detention centre staff\n- People who can't read or write English\n- People convicted of a serious offence (called an **indictable offence** — a crime serious enough to go to a higher court)\n- People aged 70 or over (unless they **choose** to opt back in)\n\n### How Are Jurors Selected?\nThe process is deliberately random and tightly controlled:\n1. The Sheriff draws names randomly from the electoral roll for your area\n2. You receive a questionnaire and possibly a summons (an official legal order to appear)\n3. You can apply to be excused if serving would cause you serious hardship, health problems, or leave dependants without care\n4. If you ignore a summons without a good reason, you can be **fined or even imprisoned for up to 2 months**\n\n### What Happens at the Courthouse?\n- **Criminal trials**: 12 jurors (can continue with as few as 10 if someone drops out)\n- **Civil trials** (disputes between private parties): 4 jurors (minimum 3)\n- Up to 3 **reserve jurors** can be selected as backups in case someone drops out mid-trial\n- Both sides can **challenge** (object to) potential jurors — in criminal trials, each side gets 8 automatic 'no reason needed' challenges (called **peremptory challenges**)\n- Jurors can also be challenged if they appear biased or unqualified\n\n### Rules During the Trial\n- Jurors in criminal trials generally **cannot separate** (go home) while deliberating on a verdict, though a judge can allow exceptions\n- Nobody can talk to jurors without the judge's permission\n- Jurors **cannot discuss deliberations** (the private decision-making process) with anyone outside the jury room\n- Jurors are entitled to be **paid** for their service\n\n### Verdicts\n- Criminal trials require a **unanimous verdict** (all jurors agree) — but after extended deliberation, an **11:1 majority verdict** is allowed in some circumstances\n- Civil trials can accept a majority verdict (3 out of 4 jurors) if the parties agree after 6 hours of deliberation\n\n### Protecting Juror Privacy\n- Lists of summoned jurors are strictly controlled — you cannot keep a copy, share it, or research jurors\n- Jurors cannot be questioned about how they voted or what was said in deliberations\n- After a trial, it is a serious offence to harass, threaten, or publish information identifying jurors\n\n### After the Verdict\n- Jurors must be **paid** for their time at a prescribed rate\n- Employers cannot penalise employees for doing jury service\n- Jurors cannot be called up again for at least **1 year** after serving\n\n### Why Does This Matter to You?\nIf you're a Queensland registered voter, you could receive a jury summons at any time. Ignoring it is a criminal offence. This law defines your rights and obligations — including your right to apply to be excused, your right to be paid, and your protection from employer retaliation."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/jury-act-1995","history":"/api/acts/jury-act-1995/history","analysis":"/api/acts/jury-act-1995/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/jury-act-1995/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/jury-act-1995/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/jury-act-1995/documents"}}