{"id":"C2019A00081","name":"Inspector-General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports Act 2019","slug":"inspector-general-of-animal-welfare-and-live-animal-exports-act-2019","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"81 of 2019","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":55147,"registerId":"commonwealth-C2019A00081-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"## Part 1—Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Short title","content":"#### 1 Short title\n\n This Act is the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports Act 2019.","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"#### 2 Commencement\n\n (1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.\n\n```html\n

Commencement information

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Provisions

Commencement

Date/Details

The whole of this Act

The day after this Act receives the Royal Assent.

3 October 2019

\n```\n\n> Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally enacted. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this Act.\n\n (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this Act. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this Act.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Objects of this Act","content":"#### 3 Objects of this Act\n\n (1) The objects of this Act are as follows:\n (a) to enable monitoring, investigation and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation, and, in doing so:\n (i) to increase accountability for, and the transparency of, compliance with such legislation and standards; and\n (ii) to increase accountability for those outcomes;\n (b) to promote continual improvements in the regulatory practice, performance and culture of the Department in its role as the regulator of Australia’s livestock exports, including improvements in the development of the ASEL;\n (c) to provide an additional layer of accountability and assurance over the regulation of Australia’s livestock exports;\n (d) to ensure that livestock export officials, in performing functions and exercising powers, consider the welfare of animals in Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) The objects mentioned in subsection (1) are to be achieved with a view to ensuring that the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock are complied with.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Simplified outline of this Act","content":"#### 4 Simplified outline of this Act\n\nThe Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports has the role of monitoring, investigating and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation.\n\nThis Act establishes the office of the Inspector‑General, sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers and deals with other matters relating to the role of the Inspector‑General (including administrative matters and the management of information obtained under this Act).\n\nThe Inspector‑General is independent from other persons and entities with responsibilities under the animal welfare and live animal exports legislation and standards. This supports the Inspector‑General’s effective, impartial and transparent review of the way in which those persons and entities exercise such responsibilities.\n\nThe main function of the Inspector‑General is to review the conduct of government livestock export officials in relation to the export of livestock.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may also review the effectiveness of Commonwealth administrative systems, and the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting, relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nThe Inspector‑General is required to report any misconduct by a livestock export official, and to publish the following:\n\n(a) a report on each review;\n\n(b) a work plan for each financial year;\n\n(c) an annual report.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 5 Definitions\n\n In this Act:\n\n> animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards means the following:\n\n (a) the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) any instrument made under that Act;\n (c) the ASEL.\n\n> ASEL means the document titled Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock published by the Department, as it exists from time to time.\n\n> Note: The Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (version 3.2) could in 2023 be viewed on the Department’s website (www.agriculture.gov.au).\n\n> Australian law means a law of the Commonwealth, or of a State or Territory.\n\n> Australian national means:\n\n (a) an Australian citizen; or\n (b) a body corporate established by or under an Australian law.\n\n> Australian resident means:\n\n (a) an individual who is usually resident in Australia and whose continued presence in Australia is not subject to a limitation as to time imposed by law; or\n (b) a body corporate that has its principal place of business in Australia.\n\n> civil penalty provision has the same meaning as in the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> enforcement body has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> enforcement related activity has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> foreign person or body means any of the following:\n\n (a) an individual who is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (b) a body corporate that is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (c) a body politic of a foreign country.\n\n> Inspector‑General means the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports referred to in section 9.\n\n> livestock means any of the following:\n\n (a) cattle, sheep, goats, deer, buffalo, camelids;\n (b) any other animal prescribed by rules made for the purposes of this definition;\n (c) the young of an animal mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).\n\n> livestock export official means any of the following:\n\n (a) an authorised officer within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) an accredited veterinarian within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (c) the Secretary or a delegate of the Secretary.\n\n> paid work means work for financial gain or reward (whether as an employee, a self‑employed person or otherwise).\n\n> protected information means information obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\n> Regulatory Powers Act means the Regulatory Powers (Standard Provisions) Act 2014.\n\n> rules means rules made under section 41.\n\n> Secretary means the Secretary of the Department.\n\n> use, in relation to information, includes make a record of.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Act binds the Crown","content":"#### 6 Act binds the Crown\n\n (1) This Act binds the Crown in each of its capacities.\n (2) This Act does not make the Crown liable to be:\n (a) prosecuted for an offence; or\n (b) subject to civil proceedings for a civil penalty order under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of this Act","content":"#### 7 Application of this Act\n\n (1) This Act applies both within and outside Australia.\n (2) However, sections 11, 31, 34 and 35 do not apply to a foreign person or body outside Australia.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports","content":"An Act to provide for the appointment of an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and for related purposes\n\n## Part 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n This Act is the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports Act 2019.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n (1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.\n\n```html\n

Commencement information

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Provisions

Commencement

Date/Details

The whole of this Act

The day after this Act receives the Royal Assent.

3 October 2019

\n```\n\n> Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally enacted. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this Act.\n\n (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this Act. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this Act.\n\n#### 3 Objects of this Act\n\n (1) The objects of this Act are as follows:\n (a) to enable monitoring, investigation and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation, and, in doing so:\n (i) to increase accountability for, and the transparency of, compliance with such legislation and standards; and\n (ii) to increase accountability for those outcomes;\n (b) to promote continual improvements in the regulatory practice, performance and culture of the Department in its role as the regulator of Australia’s livestock exports, including improvements in the development of the ASEL;\n (c) to provide an additional layer of accountability and assurance over the regulation of Australia’s livestock exports;\n (d) to ensure that livestock export officials, in performing functions and exercising powers, consider the welfare of animals in Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) The objects mentioned in subsection (1) are to be achieved with a view to ensuring that the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock are complied with.\n\n#### 4 Simplified outline of this Act\n\nThe Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports has the role of monitoring, investigating and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation.\n\nThis Act establishes the office of the Inspector‑General, sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers and deals with other matters relating to the role of the Inspector‑General (including administrative matters and the management of information obtained under this Act).\n\nThe Inspector‑General is independent from other persons and entities with responsibilities under the animal welfare and live animal exports legislation and standards. This supports the Inspector‑General’s effective, impartial and transparent review of the way in which those persons and entities exercise such responsibilities.\n\nThe main function of the Inspector‑General is to review the conduct of government livestock export officials in relation to the export of livestock.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may also review the effectiveness of Commonwealth administrative systems, and the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting, relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nThe Inspector‑General is required to report any misconduct by a livestock export official, and to publish the following:\n\n(a) a report on each review;\n\n(b) a work plan for each financial year;\n\n(c) an annual report.\n\n#### 5 Definitions\n\n In this Act:\n\n> animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards means the following:\n\n (a) the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) any instrument made under that Act;\n (c) the ASEL.\n\n> ASEL means the document titled Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock published by the Department, as it exists from time to time.\n\n> Note: The Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (version 3.2) could in 2023 be viewed on the Department’s website (www.agriculture.gov.au).\n\n> Australian law means a law of the Commonwealth, or of a State or Territory.\n\n> Australian national means:\n\n (a) an Australian citizen; or\n (b) a body corporate established by or under an Australian law.\n\n> Australian resident means:\n\n (a) an individual who is usually resident in Australia and whose continued presence in Australia is not subject to a limitation as to time imposed by law; or\n (b) a body corporate that has its principal place of business in Australia.\n\n> civil penalty provision has the same meaning as in the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> enforcement body has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> enforcement related activity has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> foreign person or body means any of the following:\n\n (a) an individual who is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (b) a body corporate that is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (c) a body politic of a foreign country.\n\n> Inspector‑General means the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports referred to in section 9.\n\n> livestock means any of the following:\n\n (a) cattle, sheep, goats, deer, buffalo, camelids;\n (b) any other animal prescribed by rules made for the purposes of this definition;\n (c) the young of an animal mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).\n\n> livestock export official means any of the following:\n\n (a) an authorised officer within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) an accredited veterinarian within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (c) the Secretary or a delegate of the Secretary.\n\n> paid work means work for financial gain or reward (whether as an employee, a self‑employed person or otherwise).\n\n> protected information means information obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\n> Regulatory Powers Act means the Regulatory Powers (Standard Provisions) Act 2014.\n\n> rules means rules made under section 41.\n\n> Secretary means the Secretary of the Department.\n\n> use, in relation to information, includes make a record of.\n\n#### 6 Act binds the Crown\n\n (1) This Act binds the Crown in each of its capacities.\n (2) This Act does not make the Crown liable to be:\n (a) prosecuted for an offence; or\n (b) subject to civil proceedings for a civil penalty order under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n#### 7 Application of this Act\n\n (1) This Act applies both within and outside Australia.\n (2) However, sections 11, 31, 34 and 35 do not apply to a foreign person or body outside Australia.\n\n## Part 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n### Division 1—Simplified outline\n\n#### 8 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part establishes an independent office of the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers.\n\nThe functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the effectiveness of the following:\n\n(a) the activities of livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards;\n\n(b) Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under such legislation and standards;\n\n(c) the ASEL, as part of such systems;\n\n(d) Commonwealth reporting relating to various matters relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nReviews may be initiated by the Inspector‑General or directed by the Minister. They may also be conducted at the request of the Secretary, or another relevant Minister.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may require the production of information or documents relevant to any review, and must publish a report on each review.\n\nThe Inspector‑General must also prepare an annual work plan for each financial year, in consultation with the Minister and other persons. Annual work plans (and variations) must be published on the Inspector‑General’s website.\n\n### Division 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports: establishment, functions and powers\n\n#### 9 Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n There is to be an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports.\n\n> Note: The name of this office was altered by the Inspector‑General of Live Animal Exports Amendment (Animal Welfare) Act 2023. However, the office, as it existed before that name change, continues in existence under the new name so that its identity is not affected: see paragraph 25B(1)(a) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 10 Functions of the Inspector‑General\n\n Functions\n (1) The functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the following matters:\n (a) the performance of functions, or exercise of powers, by livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (b) the effectiveness of Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards for maintaining and enhancing the welfare of exported livestock;\n (c) the effectiveness of the ASEL, as a part of such systems;\n (d) the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting of any or all of the following:\n (i) the welfare of exported livestock;\n (ii) livestock export investigations related to animal welfare;\n (iii) non‑compliance with the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (iv) the information covered by section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 (report to Parliament about export of livestock);\n (v) potential non‑compliance with State and Territory laws relating to animal welfare, as reported to State and Territory Governments.\n\nNote: Reports under section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 are based on reporting by the masters of vessels engaged in the export of livestock.\n\n (1A) In conducting a review under subsection (1), the Inspector‑General must consider the welfare of animals in relation to Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) Subsection (1) does not permit the Inspector‑General to review only a single performance of a function, or a single exercise of a power, by a single livestock export official.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General’s role is to provide accountability and assurance in relation to Australia’s livestock export regulatory systems through independent evaluation and verification of regulatory practices. The Inspector‑General may review the performance of functions and exercise of powers by livestock export officials (including the Secretary) and may make recommendations for overall system improvements.\n\n Ancillary powers\n (2A) The Inspector‑General has power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for, or in connection with, the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n Report on review\n (3) The Inspector‑General must publish a report on each review the Inspector‑General conducts under this section.\n Rules may deal with reviews and reports\n (4) The rules may make provision for or in relation to:\n (a) the process to be followed in conducting a review under this section; and\n (b) the content of reports of reviews conducted under this section.\n\n#### 10A Persons assisting the Inspector‑General\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may be assisted by officers and employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999), and of authorities of the Commonwealth, whose services are made available to the Inspector‑General in connection with the performance of any of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) When performing services for the Inspector‑General under this section, a person is subject to the directions of the Inspector‑General.\n\n#### 10B Consultants\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage consultants to assist in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) The consultants are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Inspector‑General determines in writing.\n\n#### 10C Independence of Inspector‑General\n\n (1) Subject to this Act and to other laws of the Commonwealth, the Inspector‑General:\n (a) has complete discretion in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions and the exercise of the Inspector‑General’s powers; and\n (b) is not subject to direction by any person in relation to the performance or exercise of those functions or powers.\n\n> Note: However, the Minister may direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a review: see subsection 10D(2).\n\n (2) In particular, the Inspector‑General is not subject to direction in relation to:\n (a) whether or not a particular outcome or priority is to be included in a work plan for a financial year; or\n (b) the conduct of a review, including:\n (i) the terms of reference for a review; and\n (ii) how a review is to be conducted; and\n (iii) the timing of a review; and\n (iv) the priority to be given to a review; or\n (c) the content of a report under this Act.\n\n> Note: However, the Inspector‑General must consult with the Minister in relation to the terms of reference and priority of directed reviews under section 10: see subsection 10D(5).\n\n### Division 3—Conduct of reviews\n\n#### 10D How reviews are started\n\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on own initiative\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on the Inspector‑General’s own initiative, conduct a review under section 10.\n Minister may direct Inspector‑General to conduct review\n (2) The Minister may, in writing, direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a particular review (a directed review) under section 10.\n (3) In considering whether to give a direction under subsection (2) to conduct a directed review, the Minister must have regard to:\n (a) the objects of this Act; and\n (b) the functions of the Inspector‑General; and\n (c) the work plan for the financial year in which the directed review is to be conducted; and\n (d) whether the Inspector‑General has sufficient resources to conduct the directed review.\n (4) The Inspector‑General must comply with a direction given under subsection (2).\n (5) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in determining:\n (a) the terms of reference for a directed review; and\n (b) the priority to be given to a directed review.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (6) A direction given under subsection (2) is not a legislative instrument.\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on request\n (7) The Inspector‑General may conduct a particular review under section 10 if requested in writing to do so by:\n (a) the Secretary; or\n (b) a Minister (other than the Minister administering this Act) that administers a law relating to the export of livestock.\n (8) The Inspector‑General is not required to comply with a request under subsection (7).\n\n#### 11 Inspector‑General may require information etc. for review\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, by written notice given to a person who the Inspector‑General reasonably believes has information or documents relevant to a review under section 10, require the person to:\n (a) answer questions, or give information in writing, about the relevant information or documents by the time specified in the notice; or\n (b) produce the documents to the Inspector‑General by the time specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: A person may commit an offence or be liable to a civil penalty if the person gives false or misleading information or produces false or misleading documents (see sections 137.1 and 137.2 of the Criminal Code and sections 34 and 35 of this Act).\n\n (2) The time specified in the notice must be at least 14 days after the notice is given.\n Civil penalty provision\n (3) A person who is required to answer questions, give information in writing or produce documents under subsection (1) must comply with the requirement.\n\n> Note: This subsection is not subject to the privilege against self‑incrimination (see section 38).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n Copying documents produced\n (4) The Inspector‑General:\n (a) may make copies of, or take extracts from, a document produced under subsection (1); and\n (b) for that purpose, may remove the document from the place at which it was produced.\n\n### Division 4—Annual work plans\n\n#### 11A Inspector‑General must prepare annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must prepare a work plan, in writing, for each financial year.\n (2) The work plan for a financial year must set out the key outcomes and priorities for the Inspector‑General for the financial year, including:\n (a) the reviews that the Inspector‑General intends to conduct under section 10 during the financial year; and\n (b) details of each review, including when each review will be conducted.\n (3) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in preparing a work plan for a financial year. The Inspector‑General may also consult any other person the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (4) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan for a financial year on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after it has been finalised.\n (5) A work plan prepared under subsection (1) is not a legislative instrument.\n\n#### 11B Variation of annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may vary a work plan for a financial year if the Inspector‑General is satisfied that it is reasonable and appropriate to do so.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan, as varied, on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after the work plan has been varied.\n (3) A varied work plan is not a legislative instrument.\n\n## Part 3—Administrative provisions\n\n#### 12 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part deals with administrative matters relating to the office of the Inspector‑General, including the appointment of the Inspector‑General and the terms and conditions on which the Inspector‑General holds office.\n\n#### 13 Appointment\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be appointed by the Minister by written instrument.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General may be reappointed, subject to subsection 15(2) (see section 33AA of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901).\n\n (2) The Inspector‑General may be appointed on a full‑time or part‑time basis.\n\n#### 14 Acting appointments\n\n The Minister may, by written instrument, appoint a person to act as the Inspector‑General:\n (a) during a vacancy in the office of Inspector‑General (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Inspector‑General:\n (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see sections 33AB and 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 15 Term of office\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 5 years.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must not hold office for a total of more than 10 years.\n\n#### 16 Application of finance law\n\n For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Inspector‑General is an official of the Department.\n\n#### 17 Remuneration\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration by the Tribunal is in operation, the Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is prescribed under subsection (5).\n (2) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed under subsection (5).\n (3) Subsections 7(9) and (13) of the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 do not apply in relation to the office of the Inspector‑General.\n\n> Note: The effect of this subsection is that remuneration or allowances of the Inspector‑General will be paid out of money appropriated by an Act other than the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.\n\n (4) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 (except as provided by subsection (3)).\n (5) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, prescribe:\n (a) remuneration for the purposes of subsection (1); and\n (b) allowances for the purposes of subsection (2).\n\n#### 18 Leave of absence for full‑time Inspector‑General\n\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Minister may grant the Inspector‑General leave of absence, other than recreation leave, on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Minister determines.\n\n#### 19 Engaging in other paid work\n\n Full‑time Inspector‑General\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office without the Minister’s approval.\n Part‑time Inspector‑General\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in any paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties.\n\n#### 20 Other terms and conditions\n\n The Inspector‑General holds office on the terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not covered by this Act that are determined by the Minister.\n\n#### 21 Resignation\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may resign the Inspector‑General’s appointment by giving the Minister a written resignation.\n (2) The resignation takes effect on the day it is received by the Minister or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.\n\n#### 22 Termination of appointment\n\n (1) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General:\n (a) for misbehaviour; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is unable to perform the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office because of physical or mental incapacity.\n (2) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General if:\n (a) the Inspector‑General:\n (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n (ii) takes steps to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n (iii) compounds with one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (iv) makes an assignment of the Inspector‑General’s remuneration for the benefit of one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General is absent, except on leave of absence, for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n (c) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages, except with the Minister’s approval, in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office (see subsection 19(1)); or\n (d) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages in paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties (see subsection 19(2)); or\n (e) the Inspector‑General fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 29 of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (which deals with the duty to disclose interests) or rules made for the purposes of that section.\n\n## Part 4—Information management\n\n#### 23 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nInformation (called protected information) may be obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\nThis Part sets out the circumstances in which that information may be used or disclosed.\n\nA person who obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act may commit an offence if the person uses or discloses the information other than in certain circumstances.\n\n#### 24 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information in performing functions or exercising powers under this Act\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information in performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act.\n\n> Note 1: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n> Note 2: Use, in relation to information, includes make a record of (see the definition of use in section 5).\n\n#### 25 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of proceedings\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information:\n (a) to a court or tribunal, or in accordance with an order of a court or tribunal, for the purposes of proceedings; or\n (b) to a coronial inquiry, or in accordance with an order of a coroner, for the purposes of a coronial inquiry.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws.\n\n#### 26 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of enforcement related activity\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may use the information, or disclose the information to an enforcement body, if the person reasonably believes that the use or disclosure is reasonably necessary for, or directly related to, one or more enforcement related activities being conducted by, or on behalf of, that enforcement body.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) An enforcement body to which protected information is disclosed under subsection (1) may use or disclose the information for the purposes of conducting one or more enforcement related activities.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 27 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information if required by another Australian law\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information if the use or disclosure is required under an Australian law other than this Act.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 28 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person to whom information relates, or to use or disclose protected information with consent\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person to whom the information relates.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) A person (the first person) who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information for a purpose if the person to whom the information relates has expressly consented to the first person using or disclosing the information for that purpose.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 29 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person who provided information\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person who provided the information.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 30 Rules may authorise use or disclosure of protected information for other purposes\n\n The rules may authorise a person who obtains protected information to use or disclose the information for purposes other than those referred to in sections 24 to 29.\n\n> Note: A disclosure that is authorised by rules made for the purposes of this section is an authorised disclosure for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 31 Unauthorised use or disclosure of protected information\n\n Fault‑based offence\n (1) A person commits an offence if:\n (a) the person obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act; and\n (b) the person uses or discloses the information; and\n (c) the use or disclosure is not authorised by a provision in this Part or by rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 2 years or 120 penalty units, or both.\n\n Exception for use or disclosure in good faith\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person to the extent that the person uses or discloses protected information in good faith and in purported compliance with a provision in this Part or with rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).\n\n## Part 5—Compliance and enforcement\n\n#### 32 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nCivil penalty orders may be sought under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act from a relevant court in relation to contraventions of civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n\nIf a person is required by the Inspector‑General to provide information or documents, the person may be liable to a civil penalty if the person provides information or documents that are false or misleading.\n\n#### 33 Civil penalties under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act\n\n (1) Each civil penalty provision of this Act is enforceable under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> Note: Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act allows a civil penalty provision to be enforced by obtaining an order for a person to pay a pecuniary penalty for the contravention of the provision.\n\n Authorised applicant\n (2) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, the Secretary is an authorised applicant in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n Relevant court\n (3) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, each of the following courts is a relevant court in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act:\n (a) the Federal Court of Australia;\n (b) the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2);\n (c) a court of a State or Territory that has jurisdiction in relation to matters arising under this Act.\n Application\n (4) Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, as it applies in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act, applies both within and outside Australia.\n\n#### 34 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading information\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person gives information (whether by giving an answer to a question or in writing) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3); and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the information:\n (i) is false or misleading; or\n (ii) omits any matter or thing without which the information is misleading.\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(i) if the information is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(ii) if the information did not omit any matter or thing without which the information is misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (4) Subsection (1) does not apply if, before the information was given by a person to another person (the official) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3), the official did not take reasonable steps to inform the person that the person may be liable to a civil penalty for contravening subsection (1) of this section.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (5) For the purposes of subsection (4), it is sufficient if the following form of words is used:\n “You may be liable to a civil penalty for giving false or misleading information”.\n\n#### 35 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading documents\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person produces a document to another person; and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the document is false or misleading; and\n (c) the document is produced in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the document is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who produces a document if the document is accompanied by a written statement signed by the person or, in the case of a body corporate, by a competent officer of the body corporate:\n (a) stating that the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading in a material particular; and\n (b) setting out, or referring to, the material particular in which the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n## Part 6—Miscellaneous\n\n#### 36 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part contains miscellaneous provisions dealing with other matters, including additional duties of the Inspector‑General, the privilege against self‑incrimination, and protection for the Inspector‑General and certain other people from civil proceedings.\n\n#### 37 Reporting misconduct by livestock export officials\n\n If the Inspector‑General forms the opinion either before, during or after conducting a review:\n (a) that a livestock export official has engaged in misconduct; and\n (b) that the evidence is of sufficient weight to justify the Inspector‑General doing so;\n the Inspector‑General must report the evidence to:\n (c) if the livestock export official is or was the Secretary—the Minister; or\n (d) otherwise—the Secretary.\n\n#### 38 Privilege against self‑incrimination\n\n Privilege does not apply in relation to section 11\n (1) A person is not excused from answering a question, giving information or producing a document under section 11 on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the person or make the person liable to a penalty.\n Use/derivative use immunity applies\n (2) However, in the case of an individual:\n (a) the answer or information given or the document produced; and\n (b) answering the question, giving the information or producing the document; and\n (c) any information, document or thing obtained as a direct or indirect consequence of answering the question, giving the information or producing the document;\n are not admissible in evidence against the individual in any criminal or civil proceedings, except proceedings under, or arising out of, section 137.1 or 137.2 of the Criminal Code or section 34 or 35 of this Act (false or misleading information or documents) in relation to answering the question, giving the information or producing the document.\n Privilege not otherwise affected\n (3) Except as provided by subsection (1), nothing in this Act affects the right of an individual to refuse to answer a question, give information or produce a document on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the individual or make the individual liable to a penalty.\n\n#### 39 Protection from liability\n\n (1) This section applies to the following persons (protected persons):\n (a) the Inspector‑General;\n (b) a person acting under the Inspector‑General’s authority.\n (2) A protected person is not liable to civil proceedings for loss, damage or injury of any kind suffered by another person as a result of the performance or exercise, in good faith, of the protected person’s functions, powers or duties under or in relation to this Act.\n\n#### 40 Annual report\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must, as soon as practicable after the end of each financial year, prepare and give to the Minister a report on the activities of the Inspector‑General during the financial year.\n (2) The report prepared by the Inspector‑General for a financial year:\n (a) must include the number of reviews under section 10 started during the year and the number of reviews under that section completed during the year; and\n (b) may include any other information relating to the Inspector‑General’s functions or role that the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n#### 41 Rules\n\n (1) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make rules prescribing matters:\n (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed by the rules; or\n (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n (2) To avoid doubt, the rules may not do the following:\n (a) create an offence or civil penalty;\n (b) provide powers of:\n (i) arrest or detention; or\n (ii) entry, search or seizure;\n (c) impose a tax;\n (d) set an amount to be appropriated from the Consolidated Revenue Fund under an appropriation in this Act;\n (e) directly amend the text of this Act.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Simplified outline","content":"An Act to provide for the appointment of an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and for related purposes\n\n## Part 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n This Act is the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports Act 2019.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n (1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.\n\n```html\n

Commencement information

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Provisions

Commencement

Date/Details

The whole of this Act

The day after this Act receives the Royal Assent.

3 October 2019

\n```\n\n> Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally enacted. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this Act.\n\n (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this Act. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this Act.\n\n#### 3 Objects of this Act\n\n (1) The objects of this Act are as follows:\n (a) to enable monitoring, investigation and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation, and, in doing so:\n (i) to increase accountability for, and the transparency of, compliance with such legislation and standards; and\n (ii) to increase accountability for those outcomes;\n (b) to promote continual improvements in the regulatory practice, performance and culture of the Department in its role as the regulator of Australia’s livestock exports, including improvements in the development of the ASEL;\n (c) to provide an additional layer of accountability and assurance over the regulation of Australia’s livestock exports;\n (d) to ensure that livestock export officials, in performing functions and exercising powers, consider the welfare of animals in Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) The objects mentioned in subsection (1) are to be achieved with a view to ensuring that the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock are complied with.\n\n#### 4 Simplified outline of this Act\n\nThe Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports has the role of monitoring, investigating and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation.\n\nThis Act establishes the office of the Inspector‑General, sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers and deals with other matters relating to the role of the Inspector‑General (including administrative matters and the management of information obtained under this Act).\n\nThe Inspector‑General is independent from other persons and entities with responsibilities under the animal welfare and live animal exports legislation and standards. This supports the Inspector‑General’s effective, impartial and transparent review of the way in which those persons and entities exercise such responsibilities.\n\nThe main function of the Inspector‑General is to review the conduct of government livestock export officials in relation to the export of livestock.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may also review the effectiveness of Commonwealth administrative systems, and the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting, relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nThe Inspector‑General is required to report any misconduct by a livestock export official, and to publish the following:\n\n(a) a report on each review;\n\n(b) a work plan for each financial year;\n\n(c) an annual report.\n\n#### 5 Definitions\n\n In this Act:\n\n> animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards means the following:\n\n (a) the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) any instrument made under that Act;\n (c) the ASEL.\n\n> ASEL means the document titled Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock published by the Department, as it exists from time to time.\n\n> Note: The Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (version 3.2) could in 2023 be viewed on the Department’s website (www.agriculture.gov.au).\n\n> Australian law means a law of the Commonwealth, or of a State or Territory.\n\n> Australian national means:\n\n (a) an Australian citizen; or\n (b) a body corporate established by or under an Australian law.\n\n> Australian resident means:\n\n (a) an individual who is usually resident in Australia and whose continued presence in Australia is not subject to a limitation as to time imposed by law; or\n (b) a body corporate that has its principal place of business in Australia.\n\n> civil penalty provision has the same meaning as in the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> enforcement body has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> enforcement related activity has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> foreign person or body means any of the following:\n\n (a) an individual who is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (b) a body corporate that is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (c) a body politic of a foreign country.\n\n> Inspector‑General means the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports referred to in section 9.\n\n> livestock means any of the following:\n\n (a) cattle, sheep, goats, deer, buffalo, camelids;\n (b) any other animal prescribed by rules made for the purposes of this definition;\n (c) the young of an animal mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).\n\n> livestock export official means any of the following:\n\n (a) an authorised officer within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) an accredited veterinarian within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (c) the Secretary or a delegate of the Secretary.\n\n> paid work means work for financial gain or reward (whether as an employee, a self‑employed person or otherwise).\n\n> protected information means information obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\n> Regulatory Powers Act means the Regulatory Powers (Standard Provisions) Act 2014.\n\n> rules means rules made under section 41.\n\n> Secretary means the Secretary of the Department.\n\n> use, in relation to information, includes make a record of.\n\n#### 6 Act binds the Crown\n\n (1) This Act binds the Crown in each of its capacities.\n (2) This Act does not make the Crown liable to be:\n (a) prosecuted for an offence; or\n (b) subject to civil proceedings for a civil penalty order under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n#### 7 Application of this Act\n\n (1) This Act applies both within and outside Australia.\n (2) However, sections 11, 31, 34 and 35 do not apply to a foreign person or body outside Australia.\n\n## Part 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n### Division 1—Simplified outline\n\n#### 8 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part establishes an independent office of the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers.\n\nThe functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the effectiveness of the following:\n\n(a) the activities of livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards;\n\n(b) Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under such legislation and standards;\n\n(c) the ASEL, as part of such systems;\n\n(d) Commonwealth reporting relating to various matters relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nReviews may be initiated by the Inspector‑General or directed by the Minister. They may also be conducted at the request of the Secretary, or another relevant Minister.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may require the production of information or documents relevant to any review, and must publish a report on each review.\n\nThe Inspector‑General must also prepare an annual work plan for each financial year, in consultation with the Minister and other persons. Annual work plans (and variations) must be published on the Inspector‑General’s website.\n\n### Division 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports: establishment, functions and powers\n\n#### 9 Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n There is to be an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports.\n\n> Note: The name of this office was altered by the Inspector‑General of Live Animal Exports Amendment (Animal Welfare) Act 2023. However, the office, as it existed before that name change, continues in existence under the new name so that its identity is not affected: see paragraph 25B(1)(a) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 10 Functions of the Inspector‑General\n\n Functions\n (1) The functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the following matters:\n (a) the performance of functions, or exercise of powers, by livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (b) the effectiveness of Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards for maintaining and enhancing the welfare of exported livestock;\n (c) the effectiveness of the ASEL, as a part of such systems;\n (d) the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting of any or all of the following:\n (i) the welfare of exported livestock;\n (ii) livestock export investigations related to animal welfare;\n (iii) non‑compliance with the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (iv) the information covered by section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 (report to Parliament about export of livestock);\n (v) potential non‑compliance with State and Territory laws relating to animal welfare, as reported to State and Territory Governments.\n\nNote: Reports under section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 are based on reporting by the masters of vessels engaged in the export of livestock.\n\n (1A) In conducting a review under subsection (1), the Inspector‑General must consider the welfare of animals in relation to Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) Subsection (1) does not permit the Inspector‑General to review only a single performance of a function, or a single exercise of a power, by a single livestock export official.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General’s role is to provide accountability and assurance in relation to Australia’s livestock export regulatory systems through independent evaluation and verification of regulatory practices. The Inspector‑General may review the performance of functions and exercise of powers by livestock export officials (including the Secretary) and may make recommendations for overall system improvements.\n\n Ancillary powers\n (2A) The Inspector‑General has power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for, or in connection with, the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n Report on review\n (3) The Inspector‑General must publish a report on each review the Inspector‑General conducts under this section.\n Rules may deal with reviews and reports\n (4) The rules may make provision for or in relation to:\n (a) the process to be followed in conducting a review under this section; and\n (b) the content of reports of reviews conducted under this section.\n\n#### 10A Persons assisting the Inspector‑General\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may be assisted by officers and employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999), and of authorities of the Commonwealth, whose services are made available to the Inspector‑General in connection with the performance of any of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) When performing services for the Inspector‑General under this section, a person is subject to the directions of the Inspector‑General.\n\n#### 10B Consultants\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage consultants to assist in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) The consultants are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Inspector‑General determines in writing.\n\n#### 10C Independence of Inspector‑General\n\n (1) Subject to this Act and to other laws of the Commonwealth, the Inspector‑General:\n (a) has complete discretion in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions and the exercise of the Inspector‑General’s powers; and\n (b) is not subject to direction by any person in relation to the performance or exercise of those functions or powers.\n\n> Note: However, the Minister may direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a review: see subsection 10D(2).\n\n (2) In particular, the Inspector‑General is not subject to direction in relation to:\n (a) whether or not a particular outcome or priority is to be included in a work plan for a financial year; or\n (b) the conduct of a review, including:\n (i) the terms of reference for a review; and\n (ii) how a review is to be conducted; and\n (iii) the timing of a review; and\n (iv) the priority to be given to a review; or\n (c) the content of a report under this Act.\n\n> Note: However, the Inspector‑General must consult with the Minister in relation to the terms of reference and priority of directed reviews under section 10: see subsection 10D(5).\n\n### Division 3—Conduct of reviews\n\n#### 10D How reviews are started\n\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on own initiative\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on the Inspector‑General’s own initiative, conduct a review under section 10.\n Minister may direct Inspector‑General to conduct review\n (2) The Minister may, in writing, direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a particular review (a directed review) under section 10.\n (3) In considering whether to give a direction under subsection (2) to conduct a directed review, the Minister must have regard to:\n (a) the objects of this Act; and\n (b) the functions of the Inspector‑General; and\n (c) the work plan for the financial year in which the directed review is to be conducted; and\n (d) whether the Inspector‑General has sufficient resources to conduct the directed review.\n (4) The Inspector‑General must comply with a direction given under subsection (2).\n (5) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in determining:\n (a) the terms of reference for a directed review; and\n (b) the priority to be given to a directed review.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (6) A direction given under subsection (2) is not a legislative instrument.\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on request\n (7) The Inspector‑General may conduct a particular review under section 10 if requested in writing to do so by:\n (a) the Secretary; or\n (b) a Minister (other than the Minister administering this Act) that administers a law relating to the export of livestock.\n (8) The Inspector‑General is not required to comply with a request under subsection (7).\n\n#### 11 Inspector‑General may require information etc. for review\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, by written notice given to a person who the Inspector‑General reasonably believes has information or documents relevant to a review under section 10, require the person to:\n (a) answer questions, or give information in writing, about the relevant information or documents by the time specified in the notice; or\n (b) produce the documents to the Inspector‑General by the time specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: A person may commit an offence or be liable to a civil penalty if the person gives false or misleading information or produces false or misleading documents (see sections 137.1 and 137.2 of the Criminal Code and sections 34 and 35 of this Act).\n\n (2) The time specified in the notice must be at least 14 days after the notice is given.\n Civil penalty provision\n (3) A person who is required to answer questions, give information in writing or produce documents under subsection (1) must comply with the requirement.\n\n> Note: This subsection is not subject to the privilege against self‑incrimination (see section 38).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n Copying documents produced\n (4) The Inspector‑General:\n (a) may make copies of, or take extracts from, a document produced under subsection (1); and\n (b) for that purpose, may remove the document from the place at which it was produced.\n\n### Division 4—Annual work plans\n\n#### 11A Inspector‑General must prepare annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must prepare a work plan, in writing, for each financial year.\n (2) The work plan for a financial year must set out the key outcomes and priorities for the Inspector‑General for the financial year, including:\n (a) the reviews that the Inspector‑General intends to conduct under section 10 during the financial year; and\n (b) details of each review, including when each review will be conducted.\n (3) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in preparing a work plan for a financial year. The Inspector‑General may also consult any other person the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (4) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan for a financial year on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after it has been finalised.\n (5) A work plan prepared under subsection (1) is not a legislative instrument.\n\n#### 11B Variation of annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may vary a work plan for a financial year if the Inspector‑General is satisfied that it is reasonable and appropriate to do so.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan, as varied, on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after the work plan has been varied.\n (3) A varied work plan is not a legislative instrument.\n\n## Part 3—Administrative provisions\n\n#### 12 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part deals with administrative matters relating to the office of the Inspector‑General, including the appointment of the Inspector‑General and the terms and conditions on which the Inspector‑General holds office.\n\n#### 13 Appointment\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be appointed by the Minister by written instrument.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General may be reappointed, subject to subsection 15(2) (see section 33AA of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901).\n\n (2) The Inspector‑General may be appointed on a full‑time or part‑time basis.\n\n#### 14 Acting appointments\n\n The Minister may, by written instrument, appoint a person to act as the Inspector‑General:\n (a) during a vacancy in the office of Inspector‑General (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Inspector‑General:\n (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see sections 33AB and 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 15 Term of office\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 5 years.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must not hold office for a total of more than 10 years.\n\n#### 16 Application of finance law\n\n For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Inspector‑General is an official of the Department.\n\n#### 17 Remuneration\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration by the Tribunal is in operation, the Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is prescribed under subsection (5).\n (2) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed under subsection (5).\n (3) Subsections 7(9) and (13) of the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 do not apply in relation to the office of the Inspector‑General.\n\n> Note: The effect of this subsection is that remuneration or allowances of the Inspector‑General will be paid out of money appropriated by an Act other than the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.\n\n (4) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 (except as provided by subsection (3)).\n (5) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, prescribe:\n (a) remuneration for the purposes of subsection (1); and\n (b) allowances for the purposes of subsection (2).\n\n#### 18 Leave of absence for full‑time Inspector‑General\n\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Minister may grant the Inspector‑General leave of absence, other than recreation leave, on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Minister determines.\n\n#### 19 Engaging in other paid work\n\n Full‑time Inspector‑General\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office without the Minister’s approval.\n Part‑time Inspector‑General\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in any paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties.\n\n#### 20 Other terms and conditions\n\n The Inspector‑General holds office on the terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not covered by this Act that are determined by the Minister.\n\n#### 21 Resignation\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may resign the Inspector‑General’s appointment by giving the Minister a written resignation.\n (2) The resignation takes effect on the day it is received by the Minister or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.\n\n#### 22 Termination of appointment\n\n (1) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General:\n (a) for misbehaviour; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is unable to perform the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office because of physical or mental incapacity.\n (2) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General if:\n (a) the Inspector‑General:\n (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n (ii) takes steps to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n (iii) compounds with one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (iv) makes an assignment of the Inspector‑General’s remuneration for the benefit of one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General is absent, except on leave of absence, for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n (c) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages, except with the Minister’s approval, in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office (see subsection 19(1)); or\n (d) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages in paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties (see subsection 19(2)); or\n (e) the Inspector‑General fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 29 of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (which deals with the duty to disclose interests) or rules made for the purposes of that section.\n\n## Part 4—Information management\n\n#### 23 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nInformation (called protected information) may be obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\nThis Part sets out the circumstances in which that information may be used or disclosed.\n\nA person who obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act may commit an offence if the person uses or discloses the information other than in certain circumstances.\n\n#### 24 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information in performing functions or exercising powers under this Act\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information in performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act.\n\n> Note 1: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n> Note 2: Use, in relation to information, includes make a record of (see the definition of use in section 5).\n\n#### 25 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of proceedings\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information:\n (a) to a court or tribunal, or in accordance with an order of a court or tribunal, for the purposes of proceedings; or\n (b) to a coronial inquiry, or in accordance with an order of a coroner, for the purposes of a coronial inquiry.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws.\n\n#### 26 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of enforcement related activity\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may use the information, or disclose the information to an enforcement body, if the person reasonably believes that the use or disclosure is reasonably necessary for, or directly related to, one or more enforcement related activities being conducted by, or on behalf of, that enforcement body.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) An enforcement body to which protected information is disclosed under subsection (1) may use or disclose the information for the purposes of conducting one or more enforcement related activities.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 27 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information if required by another Australian law\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information if the use or disclosure is required under an Australian law other than this Act.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 28 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person to whom information relates, or to use or disclose protected information with consent\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person to whom the information relates.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) A person (the first person) who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information for a purpose if the person to whom the information relates has expressly consented to the first person using or disclosing the information for that purpose.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 29 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person who provided information\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person who provided the information.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 30 Rules may authorise use or disclosure of protected information for other purposes\n\n The rules may authorise a person who obtains protected information to use or disclose the information for purposes other than those referred to in sections 24 to 29.\n\n> Note: A disclosure that is authorised by rules made for the purposes of this section is an authorised disclosure for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 31 Unauthorised use or disclosure of protected information\n\n Fault‑based offence\n (1) A person commits an offence if:\n (a) the person obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act; and\n (b) the person uses or discloses the information; and\n (c) the use or disclosure is not authorised by a provision in this Part or by rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 2 years or 120 penalty units, or both.\n\n Exception for use or disclosure in good faith\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person to the extent that the person uses or discloses protected information in good faith and in purported compliance with a provision in this Part or with rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).\n\n## Part 5—Compliance and enforcement\n\n#### 32 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nCivil penalty orders may be sought under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act from a relevant court in relation to contraventions of civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n\nIf a person is required by the Inspector‑General to provide information or documents, the person may be liable to a civil penalty if the person provides information or documents that are false or misleading.\n\n#### 33 Civil penalties under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act\n\n (1) Each civil penalty provision of this Act is enforceable under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> Note: Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act allows a civil penalty provision to be enforced by obtaining an order for a person to pay a pecuniary penalty for the contravention of the provision.\n\n Authorised applicant\n (2) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, the Secretary is an authorised applicant in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n Relevant court\n (3) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, each of the following courts is a relevant court in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act:\n (a) the Federal Court of Australia;\n (b) the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2);\n (c) a court of a State or Territory that has jurisdiction in relation to matters arising under this Act.\n Application\n (4) Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, as it applies in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act, applies both within and outside Australia.\n\n#### 34 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading information\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person gives information (whether by giving an answer to a question or in writing) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3); and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the information:\n (i) is false or misleading; or\n (ii) omits any matter or thing without which the information is misleading.\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(i) if the information is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(ii) if the information did not omit any matter or thing without which the information is misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (4) Subsection (1) does not apply if, before the information was given by a person to another person (the official) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3), the official did not take reasonable steps to inform the person that the person may be liable to a civil penalty for contravening subsection (1) of this section.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (5) For the purposes of subsection (4), it is sufficient if the following form of words is used:\n “You may be liable to a civil penalty for giving false or misleading information”.\n\n#### 35 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading documents\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person produces a document to another person; and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the document is false or misleading; and\n (c) the document is produced in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the document is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who produces a document if the document is accompanied by a written statement signed by the person or, in the case of a body corporate, by a competent officer of the body corporate:\n (a) stating that the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading in a material particular; and\n (b) setting out, or referring to, the material particular in which the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n## Part 6—Miscellaneous\n\n#### 36 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part contains miscellaneous provisions dealing with other matters, including additional duties of the Inspector‑General, the privilege against self‑incrimination, and protection for the Inspector‑General and certain other people from civil proceedings.\n\n#### 37 Reporting misconduct by livestock export officials\n\n If the Inspector‑General forms the opinion either before, during or after conducting a review:\n (a) that a livestock export official has engaged in misconduct; and\n (b) that the evidence is of sufficient weight to justify the Inspector‑General doing so;\n the Inspector‑General must report the evidence to:\n (c) if the livestock export official is or was the Secretary—the Minister; or\n (d) otherwise—the Secretary.\n\n#### 38 Privilege against self‑incrimination\n\n Privilege does not apply in relation to section 11\n (1) A person is not excused from answering a question, giving information or producing a document under section 11 on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the person or make the person liable to a penalty.\n Use/derivative use immunity applies\n (2) However, in the case of an individual:\n (a) the answer or information given or the document produced; and\n (b) answering the question, giving the information or producing the document; and\n (c) any information, document or thing obtained as a direct or indirect consequence of answering the question, giving the information or producing the document;\n are not admissible in evidence against the individual in any criminal or civil proceedings, except proceedings under, or arising out of, section 137.1 or 137.2 of the Criminal Code or section 34 or 35 of this Act (false or misleading information or documents) in relation to answering the question, giving the information or producing the document.\n Privilege not otherwise affected\n (3) Except as provided by subsection (1), nothing in this Act affects the right of an individual to refuse to answer a question, give information or produce a document on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the individual or make the individual liable to a penalty.\n\n#### 39 Protection from liability\n\n (1) This section applies to the following persons (protected persons):\n (a) the Inspector‑General;\n (b) a person acting under the Inspector‑General’s authority.\n (2) A protected person is not liable to civil proceedings for loss, damage or injury of any kind suffered by another person as a result of the performance or exercise, in good faith, of the protected person’s functions, powers or duties under or in relation to this Act.\n\n#### 40 Annual report\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must, as soon as practicable after the end of each financial year, prepare and give to the Minister a report on the activities of the Inspector‑General during the financial year.\n (2) The report prepared by the Inspector‑General for a financial year:\n (a) must include the number of reviews under section 10 started during the year and the number of reviews under that section completed during the year; and\n (b) may include any other information relating to the Inspector‑General’s functions or role that the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n#### 41 Rules\n\n (1) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make rules prescribing matters:\n (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed by the rules; or\n (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n (2) To avoid doubt, the rules may not do the following:\n (a) create an offence or civil penalty;\n (b) provide powers of:\n (i) arrest or detention; or\n (ii) entry, search or seizure;\n (c) impose a tax;\n (d) set an amount to be appropriated from the Consolidated Revenue Fund under an appropriation in this Act;\n (e) directly amend the text of this Act.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Simplified outline of this Part","content":"#### 8 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part establishes an independent office of the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers.\n\nThe functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the effectiveness of the following:\n\n(a) the activities of livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards;\n\n(b) Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under such legislation and standards;\n\n(c) the ASEL, as part of such systems;\n\n(d) Commonwealth reporting relating to various matters relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nReviews may be initiated by the Inspector‑General or directed by the Minister. They may also be conducted at the request of the Secretary, or another relevant Minister.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may require the production of information or documents relevant to any review, and must publish a report on each review.\n\nThe Inspector‑General must also prepare an annual work plan for each financial year, in consultation with the Minister and other persons. Annual work plans (and variations) must be published on the Inspector‑General’s website.","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"Division 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports: establishment, functions and powers","content":"An Act to provide for the appointment of an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and for related purposes\n\n## Part 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n This Act is the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports Act 2019.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n (1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.\n\n```html\n

Commencement information

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Provisions

Commencement

Date/Details

The whole of this Act

The day after this Act receives the Royal Assent.

3 October 2019

\n```\n\n> Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally enacted. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this Act.\n\n (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this Act. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this Act.\n\n#### 3 Objects of this Act\n\n (1) The objects of this Act are as follows:\n (a) to enable monitoring, investigation and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation, and, in doing so:\n (i) to increase accountability for, and the transparency of, compliance with such legislation and standards; and\n (ii) to increase accountability for those outcomes;\n (b) to promote continual improvements in the regulatory practice, performance and culture of the Department in its role as the regulator of Australia’s livestock exports, including improvements in the development of the ASEL;\n (c) to provide an additional layer of accountability and assurance over the regulation of Australia’s livestock exports;\n (d) to ensure that livestock export officials, in performing functions and exercising powers, consider the welfare of animals in Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) The objects mentioned in subsection (1) are to be achieved with a view to ensuring that the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock are complied with.\n\n#### 4 Simplified outline of this Act\n\nThe Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports has the role of monitoring, investigating and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation.\n\nThis Act establishes the office of the Inspector‑General, sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers and deals with other matters relating to the role of the Inspector‑General (including administrative matters and the management of information obtained under this Act).\n\nThe Inspector‑General is independent from other persons and entities with responsibilities under the animal welfare and live animal exports legislation and standards. This supports the Inspector‑General’s effective, impartial and transparent review of the way in which those persons and entities exercise such responsibilities.\n\nThe main function of the Inspector‑General is to review the conduct of government livestock export officials in relation to the export of livestock.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may also review the effectiveness of Commonwealth administrative systems, and the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting, relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nThe Inspector‑General is required to report any misconduct by a livestock export official, and to publish the following:\n\n(a) a report on each review;\n\n(b) a work plan for each financial year;\n\n(c) an annual report.\n\n#### 5 Definitions\n\n In this Act:\n\n> animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards means the following:\n\n (a) the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) any instrument made under that Act;\n (c) the ASEL.\n\n> ASEL means the document titled Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock published by the Department, as it exists from time to time.\n\n> Note: The Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (version 3.2) could in 2023 be viewed on the Department’s website (www.agriculture.gov.au).\n\n> Australian law means a law of the Commonwealth, or of a State or Territory.\n\n> Australian national means:\n\n (a) an Australian citizen; or\n (b) a body corporate established by or under an Australian law.\n\n> Australian resident means:\n\n (a) an individual who is usually resident in Australia and whose continued presence in Australia is not subject to a limitation as to time imposed by law; or\n (b) a body corporate that has its principal place of business in Australia.\n\n> civil penalty provision has the same meaning as in the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> enforcement body has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> enforcement related activity has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> foreign person or body means any of the following:\n\n (a) an individual who is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (b) a body corporate that is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (c) a body politic of a foreign country.\n\n> Inspector‑General means the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports referred to in section 9.\n\n> livestock means any of the following:\n\n (a) cattle, sheep, goats, deer, buffalo, camelids;\n (b) any other animal prescribed by rules made for the purposes of this definition;\n (c) the young of an animal mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).\n\n> livestock export official means any of the following:\n\n (a) an authorised officer within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) an accredited veterinarian within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (c) the Secretary or a delegate of the Secretary.\n\n> paid work means work for financial gain or reward (whether as an employee, a self‑employed person or otherwise).\n\n> protected information means information obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\n> Regulatory Powers Act means the Regulatory Powers (Standard Provisions) Act 2014.\n\n> rules means rules made under section 41.\n\n> Secretary means the Secretary of the Department.\n\n> use, in relation to information, includes make a record of.\n\n#### 6 Act binds the Crown\n\n (1) This Act binds the Crown in each of its capacities.\n (2) This Act does not make the Crown liable to be:\n (a) prosecuted for an offence; or\n (b) subject to civil proceedings for a civil penalty order under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n#### 7 Application of this Act\n\n (1) This Act applies both within and outside Australia.\n (2) However, sections 11, 31, 34 and 35 do not apply to a foreign person or body outside Australia.\n\n## Part 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n### Division 1—Simplified outline\n\n#### 8 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part establishes an independent office of the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers.\n\nThe functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the effectiveness of the following:\n\n(a) the activities of livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards;\n\n(b) Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under such legislation and standards;\n\n(c) the ASEL, as part of such systems;\n\n(d) Commonwealth reporting relating to various matters relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nReviews may be initiated by the Inspector‑General or directed by the Minister. They may also be conducted at the request of the Secretary, or another relevant Minister.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may require the production of information or documents relevant to any review, and must publish a report on each review.\n\nThe Inspector‑General must also prepare an annual work plan for each financial year, in consultation with the Minister and other persons. Annual work plans (and variations) must be published on the Inspector‑General’s website.\n\n### Division 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports: establishment, functions and powers\n\n#### 9 Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n There is to be an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports.\n\n> Note: The name of this office was altered by the Inspector‑General of Live Animal Exports Amendment (Animal Welfare) Act 2023. However, the office, as it existed before that name change, continues in existence under the new name so that its identity is not affected: see paragraph 25B(1)(a) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 10 Functions of the Inspector‑General\n\n Functions\n (1) The functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the following matters:\n (a) the performance of functions, or exercise of powers, by livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (b) the effectiveness of Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards for maintaining and enhancing the welfare of exported livestock;\n (c) the effectiveness of the ASEL, as a part of such systems;\n (d) the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting of any or all of the following:\n (i) the welfare of exported livestock;\n (ii) livestock export investigations related to animal welfare;\n (iii) non‑compliance with the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (iv) the information covered by section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 (report to Parliament about export of livestock);\n (v) potential non‑compliance with State and Territory laws relating to animal welfare, as reported to State and Territory Governments.\n\nNote: Reports under section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 are based on reporting by the masters of vessels engaged in the export of livestock.\n\n (1A) In conducting a review under subsection (1), the Inspector‑General must consider the welfare of animals in relation to Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) Subsection (1) does not permit the Inspector‑General to review only a single performance of a function, or a single exercise of a power, by a single livestock export official.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General’s role is to provide accountability and assurance in relation to Australia’s livestock export regulatory systems through independent evaluation and verification of regulatory practices. The Inspector‑General may review the performance of functions and exercise of powers by livestock export officials (including the Secretary) and may make recommendations for overall system improvements.\n\n Ancillary powers\n (2A) The Inspector‑General has power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for, or in connection with, the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n Report on review\n (3) The Inspector‑General must publish a report on each review the Inspector‑General conducts under this section.\n Rules may deal with reviews and reports\n (4) The rules may make provision for or in relation to:\n (a) the process to be followed in conducting a review under this section; and\n (b) the content of reports of reviews conducted under this section.\n\n#### 10A Persons assisting the Inspector‑General\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may be assisted by officers and employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999), and of authorities of the Commonwealth, whose services are made available to the Inspector‑General in connection with the performance of any of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) When performing services for the Inspector‑General under this section, a person is subject to the directions of the Inspector‑General.\n\n#### 10B Consultants\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage consultants to assist in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) The consultants are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Inspector‑General determines in writing.\n\n#### 10C Independence of Inspector‑General\n\n (1) Subject to this Act and to other laws of the Commonwealth, the Inspector‑General:\n (a) has complete discretion in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions and the exercise of the Inspector‑General’s powers; and\n (b) is not subject to direction by any person in relation to the performance or exercise of those functions or powers.\n\n> Note: However, the Minister may direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a review: see subsection 10D(2).\n\n (2) In particular, the Inspector‑General is not subject to direction in relation to:\n (a) whether or not a particular outcome or priority is to be included in a work plan for a financial year; or\n (b) the conduct of a review, including:\n (i) the terms of reference for a review; and\n (ii) how a review is to be conducted; and\n (iii) the timing of a review; and\n (iv) the priority to be given to a review; or\n (c) the content of a report under this Act.\n\n> Note: However, the Inspector‑General must consult with the Minister in relation to the terms of reference and priority of directed reviews under section 10: see subsection 10D(5).\n\n### Division 3—Conduct of reviews\n\n#### 10D How reviews are started\n\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on own initiative\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on the Inspector‑General’s own initiative, conduct a review under section 10.\n Minister may direct Inspector‑General to conduct review\n (2) The Minister may, in writing, direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a particular review (a directed review) under section 10.\n (3) In considering whether to give a direction under subsection (2) to conduct a directed review, the Minister must have regard to:\n (a) the objects of this Act; and\n (b) the functions of the Inspector‑General; and\n (c) the work plan for the financial year in which the directed review is to be conducted; and\n (d) whether the Inspector‑General has sufficient resources to conduct the directed review.\n (4) The Inspector‑General must comply with a direction given under subsection (2).\n (5) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in determining:\n (a) the terms of reference for a directed review; and\n (b) the priority to be given to a directed review.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (6) A direction given under subsection (2) is not a legislative instrument.\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on request\n (7) The Inspector‑General may conduct a particular review under section 10 if requested in writing to do so by:\n (a) the Secretary; or\n (b) a Minister (other than the Minister administering this Act) that administers a law relating to the export of livestock.\n (8) The Inspector‑General is not required to comply with a request under subsection (7).\n\n#### 11 Inspector‑General may require information etc. for review\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, by written notice given to a person who the Inspector‑General reasonably believes has information or documents relevant to a review under section 10, require the person to:\n (a) answer questions, or give information in writing, about the relevant information or documents by the time specified in the notice; or\n (b) produce the documents to the Inspector‑General by the time specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: A person may commit an offence or be liable to a civil penalty if the person gives false or misleading information or produces false or misleading documents (see sections 137.1 and 137.2 of the Criminal Code and sections 34 and 35 of this Act).\n\n (2) The time specified in the notice must be at least 14 days after the notice is given.\n Civil penalty provision\n (3) A person who is required to answer questions, give information in writing or produce documents under subsection (1) must comply with the requirement.\n\n> Note: This subsection is not subject to the privilege against self‑incrimination (see section 38).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n Copying documents produced\n (4) The Inspector‑General:\n (a) may make copies of, or take extracts from, a document produced under subsection (1); and\n (b) for that purpose, may remove the document from the place at which it was produced.\n\n### Division 4—Annual work plans\n\n#### 11A Inspector‑General must prepare annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must prepare a work plan, in writing, for each financial year.\n (2) The work plan for a financial year must set out the key outcomes and priorities for the Inspector‑General for the financial year, including:\n (a) the reviews that the Inspector‑General intends to conduct under section 10 during the financial year; and\n (b) details of each review, including when each review will be conducted.\n (3) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in preparing a work plan for a financial year. The Inspector‑General may also consult any other person the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (4) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan for a financial year on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after it has been finalised.\n (5) A work plan prepared under subsection (1) is not a legislative instrument.\n\n#### 11B Variation of annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may vary a work plan for a financial year if the Inspector‑General is satisfied that it is reasonable and appropriate to do so.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan, as varied, on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after the work plan has been varied.\n (3) A varied work plan is not a legislative instrument.\n\n## Part 3—Administrative provisions\n\n#### 12 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part deals with administrative matters relating to the office of the Inspector‑General, including the appointment of the Inspector‑General and the terms and conditions on which the Inspector‑General holds office.\n\n#### 13 Appointment\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be appointed by the Minister by written instrument.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General may be reappointed, subject to subsection 15(2) (see section 33AA of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901).\n\n (2) The Inspector‑General may be appointed on a full‑time or part‑time basis.\n\n#### 14 Acting appointments\n\n The Minister may, by written instrument, appoint a person to act as the Inspector‑General:\n (a) during a vacancy in the office of Inspector‑General (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Inspector‑General:\n (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see sections 33AB and 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 15 Term of office\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 5 years.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must not hold office for a total of more than 10 years.\n\n#### 16 Application of finance law\n\n For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Inspector‑General is an official of the Department.\n\n#### 17 Remuneration\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration by the Tribunal is in operation, the Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is prescribed under subsection (5).\n (2) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed under subsection (5).\n (3) Subsections 7(9) and (13) of the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 do not apply in relation to the office of the Inspector‑General.\n\n> Note: The effect of this subsection is that remuneration or allowances of the Inspector‑General will be paid out of money appropriated by an Act other than the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.\n\n (4) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 (except as provided by subsection (3)).\n (5) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, prescribe:\n (a) remuneration for the purposes of subsection (1); and\n (b) allowances for the purposes of subsection (2).\n\n#### 18 Leave of absence for full‑time Inspector‑General\n\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Minister may grant the Inspector‑General leave of absence, other than recreation leave, on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Minister determines.\n\n#### 19 Engaging in other paid work\n\n Full‑time Inspector‑General\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office without the Minister’s approval.\n Part‑time Inspector‑General\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in any paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties.\n\n#### 20 Other terms and conditions\n\n The Inspector‑General holds office on the terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not covered by this Act that are determined by the Minister.\n\n#### 21 Resignation\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may resign the Inspector‑General’s appointment by giving the Minister a written resignation.\n (2) The resignation takes effect on the day it is received by the Minister or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.\n\n#### 22 Termination of appointment\n\n (1) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General:\n (a) for misbehaviour; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is unable to perform the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office because of physical or mental incapacity.\n (2) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General if:\n (a) the Inspector‑General:\n (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n (ii) takes steps to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n (iii) compounds with one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (iv) makes an assignment of the Inspector‑General’s remuneration for the benefit of one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General is absent, except on leave of absence, for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n (c) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages, except with the Minister’s approval, in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office (see subsection 19(1)); or\n (d) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages in paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties (see subsection 19(2)); or\n (e) the Inspector‑General fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 29 of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (which deals with the duty to disclose interests) or rules made for the purposes of that section.\n\n## Part 4—Information management\n\n#### 23 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nInformation (called protected information) may be obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\nThis Part sets out the circumstances in which that information may be used or disclosed.\n\nA person who obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act may commit an offence if the person uses or discloses the information other than in certain circumstances.\n\n#### 24 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information in performing functions or exercising powers under this Act\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information in performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act.\n\n> Note 1: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n> Note 2: Use, in relation to information, includes make a record of (see the definition of use in section 5).\n\n#### 25 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of proceedings\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information:\n (a) to a court or tribunal, or in accordance with an order of a court or tribunal, for the purposes of proceedings; or\n (b) to a coronial inquiry, or in accordance with an order of a coroner, for the purposes of a coronial inquiry.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws.\n\n#### 26 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of enforcement related activity\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may use the information, or disclose the information to an enforcement body, if the person reasonably believes that the use or disclosure is reasonably necessary for, or directly related to, one or more enforcement related activities being conducted by, or on behalf of, that enforcement body.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) An enforcement body to which protected information is disclosed under subsection (1) may use or disclose the information for the purposes of conducting one or more enforcement related activities.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 27 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information if required by another Australian law\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information if the use or disclosure is required under an Australian law other than this Act.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 28 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person to whom information relates, or to use or disclose protected information with consent\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person to whom the information relates.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) A person (the first person) who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information for a purpose if the person to whom the information relates has expressly consented to the first person using or disclosing the information for that purpose.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 29 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person who provided information\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person who provided the information.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 30 Rules may authorise use or disclosure of protected information for other purposes\n\n The rules may authorise a person who obtains protected information to use or disclose the information for purposes other than those referred to in sections 24 to 29.\n\n> Note: A disclosure that is authorised by rules made for the purposes of this section is an authorised disclosure for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 31 Unauthorised use or disclosure of protected information\n\n Fault‑based offence\n (1) A person commits an offence if:\n (a) the person obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act; and\n (b) the person uses or discloses the information; and\n (c) the use or disclosure is not authorised by a provision in this Part or by rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 2 years or 120 penalty units, or both.\n\n Exception for use or disclosure in good faith\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person to the extent that the person uses or discloses protected information in good faith and in purported compliance with a provision in this Part or with rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).\n\n## Part 5—Compliance and enforcement\n\n#### 32 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nCivil penalty orders may be sought under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act from a relevant court in relation to contraventions of civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n\nIf a person is required by the Inspector‑General to provide information or documents, the person may be liable to a civil penalty if the person provides information or documents that are false or misleading.\n\n#### 33 Civil penalties under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act\n\n (1) Each civil penalty provision of this Act is enforceable under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> Note: Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act allows a civil penalty provision to be enforced by obtaining an order for a person to pay a pecuniary penalty for the contravention of the provision.\n\n Authorised applicant\n (2) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, the Secretary is an authorised applicant in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n Relevant court\n (3) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, each of the following courts is a relevant court in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act:\n (a) the Federal Court of Australia;\n (b) the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2);\n (c) a court of a State or Territory that has jurisdiction in relation to matters arising under this Act.\n Application\n (4) Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, as it applies in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act, applies both within and outside Australia.\n\n#### 34 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading information\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person gives information (whether by giving an answer to a question or in writing) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3); and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the information:\n (i) is false or misleading; or\n (ii) omits any matter or thing without which the information is misleading.\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(i) if the information is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(ii) if the information did not omit any matter or thing without which the information is misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (4) Subsection (1) does not apply if, before the information was given by a person to another person (the official) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3), the official did not take reasonable steps to inform the person that the person may be liable to a civil penalty for contravening subsection (1) of this section.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (5) For the purposes of subsection (4), it is sufficient if the following form of words is used:\n “You may be liable to a civil penalty for giving false or misleading information”.\n\n#### 35 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading documents\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person produces a document to another person; and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the document is false or misleading; and\n (c) the document is produced in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the document is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who produces a document if the document is accompanied by a written statement signed by the person or, in the case of a body corporate, by a competent officer of the body corporate:\n (a) stating that the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading in a material particular; and\n (b) setting out, or referring to, the material particular in which the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n## Part 6—Miscellaneous\n\n#### 36 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part contains miscellaneous provisions dealing with other matters, including additional duties of the Inspector‑General, the privilege against self‑incrimination, and protection for the Inspector‑General and certain other people from civil proceedings.\n\n#### 37 Reporting misconduct by livestock export officials\n\n If the Inspector‑General forms the opinion either before, during or after conducting a review:\n (a) that a livestock export official has engaged in misconduct; and\n (b) that the evidence is of sufficient weight to justify the Inspector‑General doing so;\n the Inspector‑General must report the evidence to:\n (c) if the livestock export official is or was the Secretary—the Minister; or\n (d) otherwise—the Secretary.\n\n#### 38 Privilege against self‑incrimination\n\n Privilege does not apply in relation to section 11\n (1) A person is not excused from answering a question, giving information or producing a document under section 11 on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the person or make the person liable to a penalty.\n Use/derivative use immunity applies\n (2) However, in the case of an individual:\n (a) the answer or information given or the document produced; and\n (b) answering the question, giving the information or producing the document; and\n (c) any information, document or thing obtained as a direct or indirect consequence of answering the question, giving the information or producing the document;\n are not admissible in evidence against the individual in any criminal or civil proceedings, except proceedings under, or arising out of, section 137.1 or 137.2 of the Criminal Code or section 34 or 35 of this Act (false or misleading information or documents) in relation to answering the question, giving the information or producing the document.\n Privilege not otherwise affected\n (3) Except as provided by subsection (1), nothing in this Act affects the right of an individual to refuse to answer a question, give information or produce a document on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the individual or make the individual liable to a penalty.\n\n#### 39 Protection from liability\n\n (1) This section applies to the following persons (protected persons):\n (a) the Inspector‑General;\n (b) a person acting under the Inspector‑General’s authority.\n (2) A protected person is not liable to civil proceedings for loss, damage or injury of any kind suffered by another person as a result of the performance or exercise, in good faith, of the protected person’s functions, powers or duties under or in relation to this Act.\n\n#### 40 Annual report\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must, as soon as practicable after the end of each financial year, prepare and give to the Minister a report on the activities of the Inspector‑General during the financial year.\n (2) The report prepared by the Inspector‑General for a financial year:\n (a) must include the number of reviews under section 10 started during the year and the number of reviews under that section completed during the year; and\n (b) may include any other information relating to the Inspector‑General’s functions or role that the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n#### 41 Rules\n\n (1) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make rules prescribing matters:\n (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed by the rules; or\n (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n (2) To avoid doubt, the rules may not do the following:\n (a) create an offence or civil penalty;\n (b) provide powers of:\n (i) arrest or detention; or\n (ii) entry, search or seizure;\n (c) impose a tax;\n (d) set an amount to be appropriated from the Consolidated Revenue Fund under an appropriation in this Act;\n (e) directly amend the text of this Act.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports","content":"#### 9 Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n There is to be an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports.\n\n> Note: The name of this office was altered by the Inspector‑General of Live Animal Exports Amendment (Animal Welfare) Act 2023. However, the office, as it existed before that name change, continues in existence under the new name so that its identity is not affected: see paragraph 25B(1)(a) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Functions of the Inspector‑General","content":"#### 10 Functions of the Inspector‑General\n\n Functions\n (1) The functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the following matters:\n (a) the performance of functions, or exercise of powers, by livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (b) the effectiveness of Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards for maintaining and enhancing the welfare of exported livestock;\n (c) the effectiveness of the ASEL, as a part of such systems;\n (d) the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting of any or all of the following:\n (i) the welfare of exported livestock;\n (ii) livestock export investigations related to animal welfare;\n (iii) non‑compliance with the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (iv) the information covered by section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 (report to Parliament about export of livestock);\n (v) potential non‑compliance with State and Territory laws relating to animal welfare, as reported to State and Territory Governments.\n\nNote: Reports under section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 are based on reporting by the masters of vessels engaged in the export of livestock.\n\n (1A) In conducting a review under subsection (1), the Inspector‑General must consider the welfare of animals in relation to Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) Subsection (1) does not permit the Inspector‑General to review only a single performance of a function, or a single exercise of a power, by a single livestock export official.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General’s role is to provide accountability and assurance in relation to Australia’s livestock export regulatory systems through independent evaluation and verification of regulatory practices. The Inspector‑General may review the performance of functions and exercise of powers by livestock export officials (including the Secretary) and may make recommendations for overall system improvements.\n\n Ancillary powers\n (2A) The Inspector‑General has power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for, or in connection with, the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n Report on review\n (3) The Inspector‑General must publish a report on each review the Inspector‑General conducts under this section.\n Rules may deal with reviews and reports\n (4) The rules may make provision for or in relation to:\n (a) the process to be followed in conducting a review under this section; and\n (b) the content of reports of reviews conducted under this section.","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"10A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Persons assisting the Inspector‑General","content":"#### 10A Persons assisting the Inspector‑General\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may be assisted by officers and employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999), and of authorities of the Commonwealth, whose services are made available to the Inspector‑General in connection with the performance of any of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) When performing services for the Inspector‑General under this section, a person is subject to the directions of the Inspector‑General.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"10B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Consultants","content":"#### 10B Consultants\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage consultants to assist in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) The consultants are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Inspector‑General determines in writing.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"10C","sectionType":"section","heading":"Independence of Inspector‑General","content":"#### 10C Independence of Inspector‑General\n\n (1) Subject to this Act and to other laws of the Commonwealth, the Inspector‑General:\n (a) has complete discretion in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions and the exercise of the Inspector‑General’s powers; and\n (b) is not subject to direction by any person in relation to the performance or exercise of those functions or powers.\n\n> Note: However, the Minister may direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a review: see subsection 10D(2).\n\n (2) In particular, the Inspector‑General is not subject to direction in relation to:\n (a) whether or not a particular outcome or priority is to be included in a work plan for a financial year; or\n (b) the conduct of a review, including:\n (i) the terms of reference for a review; and\n (ii) how a review is to be conducted; and\n (iii) the timing of a review; and\n (iv) the priority to be given to a review; or\n (c) the content of a report under this Act.\n\n> Note: However, the Inspector‑General must consult with the Minister in relation to the terms of reference and priority of directed reviews under section 10: see subsection 10D(5).","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"Division 3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Conduct of reviews","content":"An Act to provide for the appointment of an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and for related purposes\n\n## Part 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n This Act is the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports Act 2019.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n (1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.\n\n```html\n

Commencement information

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Provisions

Commencement

Date/Details

The whole of this Act

The day after this Act receives the Royal Assent.

3 October 2019

\n```\n\n> Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally enacted. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this Act.\n\n (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this Act. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this Act.\n\n#### 3 Objects of this Act\n\n (1) The objects of this Act are as follows:\n (a) to enable monitoring, investigation and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation, and, in doing so:\n (i) to increase accountability for, and the transparency of, compliance with such legislation and standards; and\n (ii) to increase accountability for those outcomes;\n (b) to promote continual improvements in the regulatory practice, performance and culture of the Department in its role as the regulator of Australia’s livestock exports, including improvements in the development of the ASEL;\n (c) to provide an additional layer of accountability and assurance over the regulation of Australia’s livestock exports;\n (d) to ensure that livestock export officials, in performing functions and exercising powers, consider the welfare of animals in Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) The objects mentioned in subsection (1) are to be achieved with a view to ensuring that the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock are complied with.\n\n#### 4 Simplified outline of this Act\n\nThe Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports has the role of monitoring, investigating and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation.\n\nThis Act establishes the office of the Inspector‑General, sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers and deals with other matters relating to the role of the Inspector‑General (including administrative matters and the management of information obtained under this Act).\n\nThe Inspector‑General is independent from other persons and entities with responsibilities under the animal welfare and live animal exports legislation and standards. This supports the Inspector‑General’s effective, impartial and transparent review of the way in which those persons and entities exercise such responsibilities.\n\nThe main function of the Inspector‑General is to review the conduct of government livestock export officials in relation to the export of livestock.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may also review the effectiveness of Commonwealth administrative systems, and the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting, relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nThe Inspector‑General is required to report any misconduct by a livestock export official, and to publish the following:\n\n(a) a report on each review;\n\n(b) a work plan for each financial year;\n\n(c) an annual report.\n\n#### 5 Definitions\n\n In this Act:\n\n> animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards means the following:\n\n (a) the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) any instrument made under that Act;\n (c) the ASEL.\n\n> ASEL means the document titled Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock published by the Department, as it exists from time to time.\n\n> Note: The Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (version 3.2) could in 2023 be viewed on the Department’s website (www.agriculture.gov.au).\n\n> Australian law means a law of the Commonwealth, or of a State or Territory.\n\n> Australian national means:\n\n (a) an Australian citizen; or\n (b) a body corporate established by or under an Australian law.\n\n> Australian resident means:\n\n (a) an individual who is usually resident in Australia and whose continued presence in Australia is not subject to a limitation as to time imposed by law; or\n (b) a body corporate that has its principal place of business in Australia.\n\n> civil penalty provision has the same meaning as in the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> enforcement body has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> enforcement related activity has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> foreign person or body means any of the following:\n\n (a) an individual who is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (b) a body corporate that is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (c) a body politic of a foreign country.\n\n> Inspector‑General means the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports referred to in section 9.\n\n> livestock means any of the following:\n\n (a) cattle, sheep, goats, deer, buffalo, camelids;\n (b) any other animal prescribed by rules made for the purposes of this definition;\n (c) the young of an animal mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).\n\n> livestock export official means any of the following:\n\n (a) an authorised officer within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) an accredited veterinarian within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (c) the Secretary or a delegate of the Secretary.\n\n> paid work means work for financial gain or reward (whether as an employee, a self‑employed person or otherwise).\n\n> protected information means information obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\n> Regulatory Powers Act means the Regulatory Powers (Standard Provisions) Act 2014.\n\n> rules means rules made under section 41.\n\n> Secretary means the Secretary of the Department.\n\n> use, in relation to information, includes make a record of.\n\n#### 6 Act binds the Crown\n\n (1) This Act binds the Crown in each of its capacities.\n (2) This Act does not make the Crown liable to be:\n (a) prosecuted for an offence; or\n (b) subject to civil proceedings for a civil penalty order under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n#### 7 Application of this Act\n\n (1) This Act applies both within and outside Australia.\n (2) However, sections 11, 31, 34 and 35 do not apply to a foreign person or body outside Australia.\n\n## Part 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n### Division 1—Simplified outline\n\n#### 8 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part establishes an independent office of the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers.\n\nThe functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the effectiveness of the following:\n\n(a) the activities of livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards;\n\n(b) Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under such legislation and standards;\n\n(c) the ASEL, as part of such systems;\n\n(d) Commonwealth reporting relating to various matters relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nReviews may be initiated by the Inspector‑General or directed by the Minister. They may also be conducted at the request of the Secretary, or another relevant Minister.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may require the production of information or documents relevant to any review, and must publish a report on each review.\n\nThe Inspector‑General must also prepare an annual work plan for each financial year, in consultation with the Minister and other persons. Annual work plans (and variations) must be published on the Inspector‑General’s website.\n\n### Division 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports: establishment, functions and powers\n\n#### 9 Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n There is to be an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports.\n\n> Note: The name of this office was altered by the Inspector‑General of Live Animal Exports Amendment (Animal Welfare) Act 2023. However, the office, as it existed before that name change, continues in existence under the new name so that its identity is not affected: see paragraph 25B(1)(a) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 10 Functions of the Inspector‑General\n\n Functions\n (1) The functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the following matters:\n (a) the performance of functions, or exercise of powers, by livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (b) the effectiveness of Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards for maintaining and enhancing the welfare of exported livestock;\n (c) the effectiveness of the ASEL, as a part of such systems;\n (d) the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting of any or all of the following:\n (i) the welfare of exported livestock;\n (ii) livestock export investigations related to animal welfare;\n (iii) non‑compliance with the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (iv) the information covered by section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 (report to Parliament about export of livestock);\n (v) potential non‑compliance with State and Territory laws relating to animal welfare, as reported to State and Territory Governments.\n\nNote: Reports under section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 are based on reporting by the masters of vessels engaged in the export of livestock.\n\n (1A) In conducting a review under subsection (1), the Inspector‑General must consider the welfare of animals in relation to Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) Subsection (1) does not permit the Inspector‑General to review only a single performance of a function, or a single exercise of a power, by a single livestock export official.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General’s role is to provide accountability and assurance in relation to Australia’s livestock export regulatory systems through independent evaluation and verification of regulatory practices. The Inspector‑General may review the performance of functions and exercise of powers by livestock export officials (including the Secretary) and may make recommendations for overall system improvements.\n\n Ancillary powers\n (2A) The Inspector‑General has power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for, or in connection with, the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n Report on review\n (3) The Inspector‑General must publish a report on each review the Inspector‑General conducts under this section.\n Rules may deal with reviews and reports\n (4) The rules may make provision for or in relation to:\n (a) the process to be followed in conducting a review under this section; and\n (b) the content of reports of reviews conducted under this section.\n\n#### 10A Persons assisting the Inspector‑General\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may be assisted by officers and employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999), and of authorities of the Commonwealth, whose services are made available to the Inspector‑General in connection with the performance of any of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) When performing services for the Inspector‑General under this section, a person is subject to the directions of the Inspector‑General.\n\n#### 10B Consultants\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage consultants to assist in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) The consultants are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Inspector‑General determines in writing.\n\n#### 10C Independence of Inspector‑General\n\n (1) Subject to this Act and to other laws of the Commonwealth, the Inspector‑General:\n (a) has complete discretion in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions and the exercise of the Inspector‑General’s powers; and\n (b) is not subject to direction by any person in relation to the performance or exercise of those functions or powers.\n\n> Note: However, the Minister may direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a review: see subsection 10D(2).\n\n (2) In particular, the Inspector‑General is not subject to direction in relation to:\n (a) whether or not a particular outcome or priority is to be included in a work plan for a financial year; or\n (b) the conduct of a review, including:\n (i) the terms of reference for a review; and\n (ii) how a review is to be conducted; and\n (iii) the timing of a review; and\n (iv) the priority to be given to a review; or\n (c) the content of a report under this Act.\n\n> Note: However, the Inspector‑General must consult with the Minister in relation to the terms of reference and priority of directed reviews under section 10: see subsection 10D(5).\n\n### Division 3—Conduct of reviews\n\n#### 10D How reviews are started\n\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on own initiative\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on the Inspector‑General’s own initiative, conduct a review under section 10.\n Minister may direct Inspector‑General to conduct review\n (2) The Minister may, in writing, direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a particular review (a directed review) under section 10.\n (3) In considering whether to give a direction under subsection (2) to conduct a directed review, the Minister must have regard to:\n (a) the objects of this Act; and\n (b) the functions of the Inspector‑General; and\n (c) the work plan for the financial year in which the directed review is to be conducted; and\n (d) whether the Inspector‑General has sufficient resources to conduct the directed review.\n (4) The Inspector‑General must comply with a direction given under subsection (2).\n (5) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in determining:\n (a) the terms of reference for a directed review; and\n (b) the priority to be given to a directed review.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (6) A direction given under subsection (2) is not a legislative instrument.\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on request\n (7) The Inspector‑General may conduct a particular review under section 10 if requested in writing to do so by:\n (a) the Secretary; or\n (b) a Minister (other than the Minister administering this Act) that administers a law relating to the export of livestock.\n (8) The Inspector‑General is not required to comply with a request under subsection (7).\n\n#### 11 Inspector‑General may require information etc. for review\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, by written notice given to a person who the Inspector‑General reasonably believes has information or documents relevant to a review under section 10, require the person to:\n (a) answer questions, or give information in writing, about the relevant information or documents by the time specified in the notice; or\n (b) produce the documents to the Inspector‑General by the time specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: A person may commit an offence or be liable to a civil penalty if the person gives false or misleading information or produces false or misleading documents (see sections 137.1 and 137.2 of the Criminal Code and sections 34 and 35 of this Act).\n\n (2) The time specified in the notice must be at least 14 days after the notice is given.\n Civil penalty provision\n (3) A person who is required to answer questions, give information in writing or produce documents under subsection (1) must comply with the requirement.\n\n> Note: This subsection is not subject to the privilege against self‑incrimination (see section 38).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n Copying documents produced\n (4) The Inspector‑General:\n (a) may make copies of, or take extracts from, a document produced under subsection (1); and\n (b) for that purpose, may remove the document from the place at which it was produced.\n\n### Division 4—Annual work plans\n\n#### 11A Inspector‑General must prepare annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must prepare a work plan, in writing, for each financial year.\n (2) The work plan for a financial year must set out the key outcomes and priorities for the Inspector‑General for the financial year, including:\n (a) the reviews that the Inspector‑General intends to conduct under section 10 during the financial year; and\n (b) details of each review, including when each review will be conducted.\n (3) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in preparing a work plan for a financial year. The Inspector‑General may also consult any other person the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (4) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan for a financial year on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after it has been finalised.\n (5) A work plan prepared under subsection (1) is not a legislative instrument.\n\n#### 11B Variation of annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may vary a work plan for a financial year if the Inspector‑General is satisfied that it is reasonable and appropriate to do so.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan, as varied, on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after the work plan has been varied.\n (3) A varied work plan is not a legislative instrument.\n\n## Part 3—Administrative provisions\n\n#### 12 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part deals with administrative matters relating to the office of the Inspector‑General, including the appointment of the Inspector‑General and the terms and conditions on which the Inspector‑General holds office.\n\n#### 13 Appointment\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be appointed by the Minister by written instrument.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General may be reappointed, subject to subsection 15(2) (see section 33AA of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901).\n\n (2) The Inspector‑General may be appointed on a full‑time or part‑time basis.\n\n#### 14 Acting appointments\n\n The Minister may, by written instrument, appoint a person to act as the Inspector‑General:\n (a) during a vacancy in the office of Inspector‑General (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Inspector‑General:\n (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see sections 33AB and 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 15 Term of office\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 5 years.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must not hold office for a total of more than 10 years.\n\n#### 16 Application of finance law\n\n For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Inspector‑General is an official of the Department.\n\n#### 17 Remuneration\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration by the Tribunal is in operation, the Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is prescribed under subsection (5).\n (2) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed under subsection (5).\n (3) Subsections 7(9) and (13) of the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 do not apply in relation to the office of the Inspector‑General.\n\n> Note: The effect of this subsection is that remuneration or allowances of the Inspector‑General will be paid out of money appropriated by an Act other than the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.\n\n (4) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 (except as provided by subsection (3)).\n (5) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, prescribe:\n (a) remuneration for the purposes of subsection (1); and\n (b) allowances for the purposes of subsection (2).\n\n#### 18 Leave of absence for full‑time Inspector‑General\n\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Minister may grant the Inspector‑General leave of absence, other than recreation leave, on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Minister determines.\n\n#### 19 Engaging in other paid work\n\n Full‑time Inspector‑General\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office without the Minister’s approval.\n Part‑time Inspector‑General\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in any paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties.\n\n#### 20 Other terms and conditions\n\n The Inspector‑General holds office on the terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not covered by this Act that are determined by the Minister.\n\n#### 21 Resignation\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may resign the Inspector‑General’s appointment by giving the Minister a written resignation.\n (2) The resignation takes effect on the day it is received by the Minister or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.\n\n#### 22 Termination of appointment\n\n (1) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General:\n (a) for misbehaviour; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is unable to perform the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office because of physical or mental incapacity.\n (2) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General if:\n (a) the Inspector‑General:\n (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n (ii) takes steps to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n (iii) compounds with one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (iv) makes an assignment of the Inspector‑General’s remuneration for the benefit of one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General is absent, except on leave of absence, for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n (c) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages, except with the Minister’s approval, in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office (see subsection 19(1)); or\n (d) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages in paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties (see subsection 19(2)); or\n (e) the Inspector‑General fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 29 of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (which deals with the duty to disclose interests) or rules made for the purposes of that section.\n\n## Part 4—Information management\n\n#### 23 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nInformation (called protected information) may be obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\nThis Part sets out the circumstances in which that information may be used or disclosed.\n\nA person who obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act may commit an offence if the person uses or discloses the information other than in certain circumstances.\n\n#### 24 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information in performing functions or exercising powers under this Act\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information in performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act.\n\n> Note 1: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n> Note 2: Use, in relation to information, includes make a record of (see the definition of use in section 5).\n\n#### 25 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of proceedings\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information:\n (a) to a court or tribunal, or in accordance with an order of a court or tribunal, for the purposes of proceedings; or\n (b) to a coronial inquiry, or in accordance with an order of a coroner, for the purposes of a coronial inquiry.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws.\n\n#### 26 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of enforcement related activity\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may use the information, or disclose the information to an enforcement body, if the person reasonably believes that the use or disclosure is reasonably necessary for, or directly related to, one or more enforcement related activities being conducted by, or on behalf of, that enforcement body.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) An enforcement body to which protected information is disclosed under subsection (1) may use or disclose the information for the purposes of conducting one or more enforcement related activities.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 27 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information if required by another Australian law\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information if the use or disclosure is required under an Australian law other than this Act.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 28 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person to whom information relates, or to use or disclose protected information with consent\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person to whom the information relates.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) A person (the first person) who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information for a purpose if the person to whom the information relates has expressly consented to the first person using or disclosing the information for that purpose.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 29 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person who provided information\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person who provided the information.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 30 Rules may authorise use or disclosure of protected information for other purposes\n\n The rules may authorise a person who obtains protected information to use or disclose the information for purposes other than those referred to in sections 24 to 29.\n\n> Note: A disclosure that is authorised by rules made for the purposes of this section is an authorised disclosure for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 31 Unauthorised use or disclosure of protected information\n\n Fault‑based offence\n (1) A person commits an offence if:\n (a) the person obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act; and\n (b) the person uses or discloses the information; and\n (c) the use or disclosure is not authorised by a provision in this Part or by rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 2 years or 120 penalty units, or both.\n\n Exception for use or disclosure in good faith\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person to the extent that the person uses or discloses protected information in good faith and in purported compliance with a provision in this Part or with rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).\n\n## Part 5—Compliance and enforcement\n\n#### 32 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nCivil penalty orders may be sought under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act from a relevant court in relation to contraventions of civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n\nIf a person is required by the Inspector‑General to provide information or documents, the person may be liable to a civil penalty if the person provides information or documents that are false or misleading.\n\n#### 33 Civil penalties under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act\n\n (1) Each civil penalty provision of this Act is enforceable under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> Note: Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act allows a civil penalty provision to be enforced by obtaining an order for a person to pay a pecuniary penalty for the contravention of the provision.\n\n Authorised applicant\n (2) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, the Secretary is an authorised applicant in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n Relevant court\n (3) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, each of the following courts is a relevant court in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act:\n (a) the Federal Court of Australia;\n (b) the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2);\n (c) a court of a State or Territory that has jurisdiction in relation to matters arising under this Act.\n Application\n (4) Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, as it applies in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act, applies both within and outside Australia.\n\n#### 34 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading information\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person gives information (whether by giving an answer to a question or in writing) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3); and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the information:\n (i) is false or misleading; or\n (ii) omits any matter or thing without which the information is misleading.\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(i) if the information is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(ii) if the information did not omit any matter or thing without which the information is misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (4) Subsection (1) does not apply if, before the information was given by a person to another person (the official) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3), the official did not take reasonable steps to inform the person that the person may be liable to a civil penalty for contravening subsection (1) of this section.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (5) For the purposes of subsection (4), it is sufficient if the following form of words is used:\n “You may be liable to a civil penalty for giving false or misleading information”.\n\n#### 35 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading documents\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person produces a document to another person; and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the document is false or misleading; and\n (c) the document is produced in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the document is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who produces a document if the document is accompanied by a written statement signed by the person or, in the case of a body corporate, by a competent officer of the body corporate:\n (a) stating that the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading in a material particular; and\n (b) setting out, or referring to, the material particular in which the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n## Part 6—Miscellaneous\n\n#### 36 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part contains miscellaneous provisions dealing with other matters, including additional duties of the Inspector‑General, the privilege against self‑incrimination, and protection for the Inspector‑General and certain other people from civil proceedings.\n\n#### 37 Reporting misconduct by livestock export officials\n\n If the Inspector‑General forms the opinion either before, during or after conducting a review:\n (a) that a livestock export official has engaged in misconduct; and\n (b) that the evidence is of sufficient weight to justify the Inspector‑General doing so;\n the Inspector‑General must report the evidence to:\n (c) if the livestock export official is or was the Secretary—the Minister; or\n (d) otherwise—the Secretary.\n\n#### 38 Privilege against self‑incrimination\n\n Privilege does not apply in relation to section 11\n (1) A person is not excused from answering a question, giving information or producing a document under section 11 on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the person or make the person liable to a penalty.\n Use/derivative use immunity applies\n (2) However, in the case of an individual:\n (a) the answer or information given or the document produced; and\n (b) answering the question, giving the information or producing the document; and\n (c) any information, document or thing obtained as a direct or indirect consequence of answering the question, giving the information or producing the document;\n are not admissible in evidence against the individual in any criminal or civil proceedings, except proceedings under, or arising out of, section 137.1 or 137.2 of the Criminal Code or section 34 or 35 of this Act (false or misleading information or documents) in relation to answering the question, giving the information or producing the document.\n Privilege not otherwise affected\n (3) Except as provided by subsection (1), nothing in this Act affects the right of an individual to refuse to answer a question, give information or produce a document on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the individual or make the individual liable to a penalty.\n\n#### 39 Protection from liability\n\n (1) This section applies to the following persons (protected persons):\n (a) the Inspector‑General;\n (b) a person acting under the Inspector‑General’s authority.\n (2) A protected person is not liable to civil proceedings for loss, damage or injury of any kind suffered by another person as a result of the performance or exercise, in good faith, of the protected person’s functions, powers or duties under or in relation to this Act.\n\n#### 40 Annual report\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must, as soon as practicable after the end of each financial year, prepare and give to the Minister a report on the activities of the Inspector‑General during the financial year.\n (2) The report prepared by the Inspector‑General for a financial year:\n (a) must include the number of reviews under section 10 started during the year and the number of reviews under that section completed during the year; and\n (b) may include any other information relating to the Inspector‑General’s functions or role that the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n#### 41 Rules\n\n (1) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make rules prescribing matters:\n (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed by the rules; or\n (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n (2) To avoid doubt, the rules may not do the following:\n (a) create an offence or civil penalty;\n (b) provide powers of:\n (i) arrest or detention; or\n (ii) entry, search or seizure;\n (c) impose a tax;\n (d) set an amount to be appropriated from the Consolidated Revenue Fund under an appropriation in this Act;\n (e) directly amend the text of this Act.","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"10D","sectionType":"section","heading":"How reviews are started","content":"#### 10D How reviews are started\n\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on own initiative\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on the Inspector‑General’s own initiative, conduct a review under section 10.\n Minister may direct Inspector‑General to conduct review\n (2) The Minister may, in writing, direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a particular review (a directed review) under section 10.\n (3) In considering whether to give a direction under subsection (2) to conduct a directed review, the Minister must have regard to:\n (a) the objects of this Act; and\n (b) the functions of the Inspector‑General; and\n (c) the work plan for the financial year in which the directed review is to be conducted; and\n (d) whether the Inspector‑General has sufficient resources to conduct the directed review.\n (4) The Inspector‑General must comply with a direction given under subsection (2).\n (5) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in determining:\n (a) the terms of reference for a directed review; and\n (b) the priority to be given to a directed review.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (6) A direction given under subsection (2) is not a legislative instrument.\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on request\n (7) The Inspector‑General may conduct a particular review under section 10 if requested in writing to do so by:\n (a) the Secretary; or\n (b) a Minister (other than the Minister administering this Act) that administers a law relating to the export of livestock.\n (8) The Inspector‑General is not required to comply with a request under subsection (7).","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Inspector‑General may require information etc. for review","content":"#### 11 Inspector‑General may require information etc. for review\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, by written notice given to a person who the Inspector‑General reasonably believes has information or documents relevant to a review under section 10, require the person to:\n (a) answer questions, or give information in writing, about the relevant information or documents by the time specified in the notice; or\n (b) produce the documents to the Inspector‑General by the time specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: A person may commit an offence or be liable to a civil penalty if the person gives false or misleading information or produces false or misleading documents (see sections 137.1 and 137.2 of the Criminal Code and sections 34 and 35 of this Act).\n\n (2) The time specified in the notice must be at least 14 days after the notice is given.\n Civil penalty provision\n (3) A person who is required to answer questions, give information in writing or produce documents under subsection (1) must comply with the requirement.\n\n> Note: This subsection is not subject to the privilege against self‑incrimination (see section 38).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n Copying documents produced\n (4) The Inspector‑General:\n (a) may make copies of, or take extracts from, a document produced under subsection (1); and\n (b) for that purpose, may remove the document from the place at which it was produced.","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"Division 4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Annual work plans","content":"An Act to provide for the appointment of an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and for related purposes\n\n## Part 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n This Act is the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports Act 2019.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n (1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.\n\n```html\n

Commencement information

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Provisions

Commencement

Date/Details

The whole of this Act

The day after this Act receives the Royal Assent.

3 October 2019

\n```\n\n> Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally enacted. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this Act.\n\n (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this Act. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this Act.\n\n#### 3 Objects of this Act\n\n (1) The objects of this Act are as follows:\n (a) to enable monitoring, investigation and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation, and, in doing so:\n (i) to increase accountability for, and the transparency of, compliance with such legislation and standards; and\n (ii) to increase accountability for those outcomes;\n (b) to promote continual improvements in the regulatory practice, performance and culture of the Department in its role as the regulator of Australia’s livestock exports, including improvements in the development of the ASEL;\n (c) to provide an additional layer of accountability and assurance over the regulation of Australia’s livestock exports;\n (d) to ensure that livestock export officials, in performing functions and exercising powers, consider the welfare of animals in Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) The objects mentioned in subsection (1) are to be achieved with a view to ensuring that the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock are complied with.\n\n#### 4 Simplified outline of this Act\n\nThe Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports has the role of monitoring, investigating and reporting on the implementation, by the Commonwealth Government, of the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock, and the outcomes of such implementation.\n\nThis Act establishes the office of the Inspector‑General, sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers and deals with other matters relating to the role of the Inspector‑General (including administrative matters and the management of information obtained under this Act).\n\nThe Inspector‑General is independent from other persons and entities with responsibilities under the animal welfare and live animal exports legislation and standards. This supports the Inspector‑General’s effective, impartial and transparent review of the way in which those persons and entities exercise such responsibilities.\n\nThe main function of the Inspector‑General is to review the conduct of government livestock export officials in relation to the export of livestock.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may also review the effectiveness of Commonwealth administrative systems, and the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting, relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nThe Inspector‑General is required to report any misconduct by a livestock export official, and to publish the following:\n\n(a) a report on each review;\n\n(b) a work plan for each financial year;\n\n(c) an annual report.\n\n#### 5 Definitions\n\n In this Act:\n\n> animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards means the following:\n\n (a) the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) any instrument made under that Act;\n (c) the ASEL.\n\n> ASEL means the document titled Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock published by the Department, as it exists from time to time.\n\n> Note: The Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (version 3.2) could in 2023 be viewed on the Department’s website (www.agriculture.gov.au).\n\n> Australian law means a law of the Commonwealth, or of a State or Territory.\n\n> Australian national means:\n\n (a) an Australian citizen; or\n (b) a body corporate established by or under an Australian law.\n\n> Australian resident means:\n\n (a) an individual who is usually resident in Australia and whose continued presence in Australia is not subject to a limitation as to time imposed by law; or\n (b) a body corporate that has its principal place of business in Australia.\n\n> civil penalty provision has the same meaning as in the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> enforcement body has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> enforcement related activity has the same meaning as in the Privacy Act 1988.\n\n> foreign person or body means any of the following:\n\n (a) an individual who is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (b) a body corporate that is not an Australian national or an Australian resident;\n (c) a body politic of a foreign country.\n\n> Inspector‑General means the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports referred to in section 9.\n\n> livestock means any of the following:\n\n (a) cattle, sheep, goats, deer, buffalo, camelids;\n (b) any other animal prescribed by rules made for the purposes of this definition;\n (c) the young of an animal mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b).\n\n> livestock export official means any of the following:\n\n (a) an authorised officer within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (b) an accredited veterinarian within the meaning of the Export Control Act 2020;\n (c) the Secretary or a delegate of the Secretary.\n\n> paid work means work for financial gain or reward (whether as an employee, a self‑employed person or otherwise).\n\n> protected information means information obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\n> Regulatory Powers Act means the Regulatory Powers (Standard Provisions) Act 2014.\n\n> rules means rules made under section 41.\n\n> Secretary means the Secretary of the Department.\n\n> use, in relation to information, includes make a record of.\n\n#### 6 Act binds the Crown\n\n (1) This Act binds the Crown in each of its capacities.\n (2) This Act does not make the Crown liable to be:\n (a) prosecuted for an offence; or\n (b) subject to civil proceedings for a civil penalty order under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n#### 7 Application of this Act\n\n (1) This Act applies both within and outside Australia.\n (2) However, sections 11, 31, 34 and 35 do not apply to a foreign person or body outside Australia.\n\n## Part 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n### Division 1—Simplified outline\n\n#### 8 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part establishes an independent office of the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports, and sets out the Inspector‑General’s functions and powers.\n\nThe functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the effectiveness of the following:\n\n(a) the activities of livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards;\n\n(b) Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under such legislation and standards;\n\n(c) the ASEL, as part of such systems;\n\n(d) Commonwealth reporting relating to various matters relating to animal welfare and livestock exports.\n\nReviews may be initiated by the Inspector‑General or directed by the Minister. They may also be conducted at the request of the Secretary, or another relevant Minister.\n\nThe Inspector‑General may require the production of information or documents relevant to any review, and must publish a report on each review.\n\nThe Inspector‑General must also prepare an annual work plan for each financial year, in consultation with the Minister and other persons. Annual work plans (and variations) must be published on the Inspector‑General’s website.\n\n### Division 2—Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports: establishment, functions and powers\n\n#### 9 Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports\n\n There is to be an Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports.\n\n> Note: The name of this office was altered by the Inspector‑General of Live Animal Exports Amendment (Animal Welfare) Act 2023. However, the office, as it existed before that name change, continues in existence under the new name so that its identity is not affected: see paragraph 25B(1)(a) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 10 Functions of the Inspector‑General\n\n Functions\n (1) The functions of the Inspector‑General are to conduct reviews of the following matters:\n (a) the performance of functions, or exercise of powers, by livestock export officials under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (b) the effectiveness of Commonwealth systems for the administration of livestock exports under the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards for maintaining and enhancing the welfare of exported livestock;\n (c) the effectiveness of the ASEL, as a part of such systems;\n (d) the effectiveness of Commonwealth reporting of any or all of the following:\n (i) the welfare of exported livestock;\n (ii) livestock export investigations related to animal welfare;\n (iii) non‑compliance with the animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards in relation to the export of livestock;\n (iv) the information covered by section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 (report to Parliament about export of livestock);\n (v) potential non‑compliance with State and Territory laws relating to animal welfare, as reported to State and Territory Governments.\n\nNote: Reports under section 424 of the Export Control Act 2020 are based on reporting by the masters of vessels engaged in the export of livestock.\n\n (1A) In conducting a review under subsection (1), the Inspector‑General must consider the welfare of animals in relation to Australia’s livestock exports.\n (2) Subsection (1) does not permit the Inspector‑General to review only a single performance of a function, or a single exercise of a power, by a single livestock export official.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General’s role is to provide accountability and assurance in relation to Australia’s livestock export regulatory systems through independent evaluation and verification of regulatory practices. The Inspector‑General may review the performance of functions and exercise of powers by livestock export officials (including the Secretary) and may make recommendations for overall system improvements.\n\n Ancillary powers\n (2A) The Inspector‑General has power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for, or in connection with, the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n Report on review\n (3) The Inspector‑General must publish a report on each review the Inspector‑General conducts under this section.\n Rules may deal with reviews and reports\n (4) The rules may make provision for or in relation to:\n (a) the process to be followed in conducting a review under this section; and\n (b) the content of reports of reviews conducted under this section.\n\n#### 10A Persons assisting the Inspector‑General\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may be assisted by officers and employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999), and of authorities of the Commonwealth, whose services are made available to the Inspector‑General in connection with the performance of any of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) When performing services for the Inspector‑General under this section, a person is subject to the directions of the Inspector‑General.\n\n#### 10B Consultants\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage consultants to assist in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions.\n (2) The consultants are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Inspector‑General determines in writing.\n\n#### 10C Independence of Inspector‑General\n\n (1) Subject to this Act and to other laws of the Commonwealth, the Inspector‑General:\n (a) has complete discretion in the performance of the Inspector‑General’s functions and the exercise of the Inspector‑General’s powers; and\n (b) is not subject to direction by any person in relation to the performance or exercise of those functions or powers.\n\n> Note: However, the Minister may direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a review: see subsection 10D(2).\n\n (2) In particular, the Inspector‑General is not subject to direction in relation to:\n (a) whether or not a particular outcome or priority is to be included in a work plan for a financial year; or\n (b) the conduct of a review, including:\n (i) the terms of reference for a review; and\n (ii) how a review is to be conducted; and\n (iii) the timing of a review; and\n (iv) the priority to be given to a review; or\n (c) the content of a report under this Act.\n\n> Note: However, the Inspector‑General must consult with the Minister in relation to the terms of reference and priority of directed reviews under section 10: see subsection 10D(5).\n\n### Division 3—Conduct of reviews\n\n#### 10D How reviews are started\n\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on own initiative\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, on the Inspector‑General’s own initiative, conduct a review under section 10.\n Minister may direct Inspector‑General to conduct review\n (2) The Minister may, in writing, direct the Inspector‑General to conduct a particular review (a directed review) under section 10.\n (3) In considering whether to give a direction under subsection (2) to conduct a directed review, the Minister must have regard to:\n (a) the objects of this Act; and\n (b) the functions of the Inspector‑General; and\n (c) the work plan for the financial year in which the directed review is to be conducted; and\n (d) whether the Inspector‑General has sufficient resources to conduct the directed review.\n (4) The Inspector‑General must comply with a direction given under subsection (2).\n (5) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in determining:\n (a) the terms of reference for a directed review; and\n (b) the priority to be given to a directed review.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (6) A direction given under subsection (2) is not a legislative instrument.\n Inspector‑General may conduct review on request\n (7) The Inspector‑General may conduct a particular review under section 10 if requested in writing to do so by:\n (a) the Secretary; or\n (b) a Minister (other than the Minister administering this Act) that administers a law relating to the export of livestock.\n (8) The Inspector‑General is not required to comply with a request under subsection (7).\n\n#### 11 Inspector‑General may require information etc. for review\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may, by written notice given to a person who the Inspector‑General reasonably believes has information or documents relevant to a review under section 10, require the person to:\n (a) answer questions, or give information in writing, about the relevant information or documents by the time specified in the notice; or\n (b) produce the documents to the Inspector‑General by the time specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: A person may commit an offence or be liable to a civil penalty if the person gives false or misleading information or produces false or misleading documents (see sections 137.1 and 137.2 of the Criminal Code and sections 34 and 35 of this Act).\n\n (2) The time specified in the notice must be at least 14 days after the notice is given.\n Civil penalty provision\n (3) A person who is required to answer questions, give information in writing or produce documents under subsection (1) must comply with the requirement.\n\n> Note: This subsection is not subject to the privilege against self‑incrimination (see section 38).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n Copying documents produced\n (4) The Inspector‑General:\n (a) may make copies of, or take extracts from, a document produced under subsection (1); and\n (b) for that purpose, may remove the document from the place at which it was produced.\n\n### Division 4—Annual work plans\n\n#### 11A Inspector‑General must prepare annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must prepare a work plan, in writing, for each financial year.\n (2) The work plan for a financial year must set out the key outcomes and priorities for the Inspector‑General for the financial year, including:\n (a) the reviews that the Inspector‑General intends to conduct under section 10 during the financial year; and\n (b) details of each review, including when each review will be conducted.\n (3) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in preparing a work plan for a financial year. The Inspector‑General may also consult any other person the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (4) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan for a financial year on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after it has been finalised.\n (5) A work plan prepared under subsection (1) is not a legislative instrument.\n\n#### 11B Variation of annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may vary a work plan for a financial year if the Inspector‑General is satisfied that it is reasonable and appropriate to do so.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan, as varied, on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after the work plan has been varied.\n (3) A varied work plan is not a legislative instrument.\n\n## Part 3—Administrative provisions\n\n#### 12 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part deals with administrative matters relating to the office of the Inspector‑General, including the appointment of the Inspector‑General and the terms and conditions on which the Inspector‑General holds office.\n\n#### 13 Appointment\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be appointed by the Minister by written instrument.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General may be reappointed, subject to subsection 15(2) (see section 33AA of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901).\n\n (2) The Inspector‑General may be appointed on a full‑time or part‑time basis.\n\n#### 14 Acting appointments\n\n The Minister may, by written instrument, appoint a person to act as the Inspector‑General:\n (a) during a vacancy in the office of Inspector‑General (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Inspector‑General:\n (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see sections 33AB and 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n#### 15 Term of office\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 5 years.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must not hold office for a total of more than 10 years.\n\n#### 16 Application of finance law\n\n For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Inspector‑General is an official of the Department.\n\n#### 17 Remuneration\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration by the Tribunal is in operation, the Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is prescribed under subsection (5).\n (2) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed under subsection (5).\n (3) Subsections 7(9) and (13) of the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 do not apply in relation to the office of the Inspector‑General.\n\n> Note: The effect of this subsection is that remuneration or allowances of the Inspector‑General will be paid out of money appropriated by an Act other than the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.\n\n (4) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 (except as provided by subsection (3)).\n (5) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, prescribe:\n (a) remuneration for the purposes of subsection (1); and\n (b) allowances for the purposes of subsection (2).\n\n#### 18 Leave of absence for full‑time Inspector‑General\n\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Minister may grant the Inspector‑General leave of absence, other than recreation leave, on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Minister determines.\n\n#### 19 Engaging in other paid work\n\n Full‑time Inspector‑General\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office without the Minister’s approval.\n Part‑time Inspector‑General\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in any paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties.\n\n#### 20 Other terms and conditions\n\n The Inspector‑General holds office on the terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not covered by this Act that are determined by the Minister.\n\n#### 21 Resignation\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may resign the Inspector‑General’s appointment by giving the Minister a written resignation.\n (2) The resignation takes effect on the day it is received by the Minister or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.\n\n#### 22 Termination of appointment\n\n (1) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General:\n (a) for misbehaviour; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is unable to perform the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office because of physical or mental incapacity.\n (2) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General if:\n (a) the Inspector‑General:\n (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n (ii) takes steps to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n (iii) compounds with one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (iv) makes an assignment of the Inspector‑General’s remuneration for the benefit of one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General is absent, except on leave of absence, for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n (c) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages, except with the Minister’s approval, in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office (see subsection 19(1)); or\n (d) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages in paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties (see subsection 19(2)); or\n (e) the Inspector‑General fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 29 of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (which deals with the duty to disclose interests) or rules made for the purposes of that section.\n\n## Part 4—Information management\n\n#### 23 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nInformation (called protected information) may be obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\nThis Part sets out the circumstances in which that information may be used or disclosed.\n\nA person who obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act may commit an offence if the person uses or discloses the information other than in certain circumstances.\n\n#### 24 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information in performing functions or exercising powers under this Act\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information in performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act.\n\n> Note 1: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n> Note 2: Use, in relation to information, includes make a record of (see the definition of use in section 5).\n\n#### 25 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of proceedings\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information:\n (a) to a court or tribunal, or in accordance with an order of a court or tribunal, for the purposes of proceedings; or\n (b) to a coronial inquiry, or in accordance with an order of a coroner, for the purposes of a coronial inquiry.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws.\n\n#### 26 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of enforcement related activity\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may use the information, or disclose the information to an enforcement body, if the person reasonably believes that the use or disclosure is reasonably necessary for, or directly related to, one or more enforcement related activities being conducted by, or on behalf of, that enforcement body.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) An enforcement body to which protected information is disclosed under subsection (1) may use or disclose the information for the purposes of conducting one or more enforcement related activities.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 27 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information if required by another Australian law\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information if the use or disclosure is required under an Australian law other than this Act.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 28 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person to whom information relates, or to use or disclose protected information with consent\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person to whom the information relates.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) A person (the first person) who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information for a purpose if the person to whom the information relates has expressly consented to the first person using or disclosing the information for that purpose.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 29 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person who provided information\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person who provided the information.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 30 Rules may authorise use or disclosure of protected information for other purposes\n\n The rules may authorise a person who obtains protected information to use or disclose the information for purposes other than those referred to in sections 24 to 29.\n\n> Note: A disclosure that is authorised by rules made for the purposes of this section is an authorised disclosure for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n#### 31 Unauthorised use or disclosure of protected information\n\n Fault‑based offence\n (1) A person commits an offence if:\n (a) the person obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act; and\n (b) the person uses or discloses the information; and\n (c) the use or disclosure is not authorised by a provision in this Part or by rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 2 years or 120 penalty units, or both.\n\n Exception for use or disclosure in good faith\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person to the extent that the person uses or discloses protected information in good faith and in purported compliance with a provision in this Part or with rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).\n\n## Part 5—Compliance and enforcement\n\n#### 32 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nCivil penalty orders may be sought under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act from a relevant court in relation to contraventions of civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n\nIf a person is required by the Inspector‑General to provide information or documents, the person may be liable to a civil penalty if the person provides information or documents that are false or misleading.\n\n#### 33 Civil penalties under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act\n\n (1) Each civil penalty provision of this Act is enforceable under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> Note: Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act allows a civil penalty provision to be enforced by obtaining an order for a person to pay a pecuniary penalty for the contravention of the provision.\n\n Authorised applicant\n (2) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, the Secretary is an authorised applicant in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n Relevant court\n (3) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, each of the following courts is a relevant court in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act:\n (a) the Federal Court of Australia;\n (b) the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2);\n (c) a court of a State or Territory that has jurisdiction in relation to matters arising under this Act.\n Application\n (4) Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, as it applies in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act, applies both within and outside Australia.\n\n#### 34 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading information\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person gives information (whether by giving an answer to a question or in writing) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3); and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the information:\n (i) is false or misleading; or\n (ii) omits any matter or thing without which the information is misleading.\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(i) if the information is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(ii) if the information did not omit any matter or thing without which the information is misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (4) Subsection (1) does not apply if, before the information was given by a person to another person (the official) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3), the official did not take reasonable steps to inform the person that the person may be liable to a civil penalty for contravening subsection (1) of this section.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (5) For the purposes of subsection (4), it is sufficient if the following form of words is used:\n “You may be liable to a civil penalty for giving false or misleading information”.\n\n#### 35 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading documents\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person produces a document to another person; and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the document is false or misleading; and\n (c) the document is produced in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the document is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who produces a document if the document is accompanied by a written statement signed by the person or, in the case of a body corporate, by a competent officer of the body corporate:\n (a) stating that the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading in a material particular; and\n (b) setting out, or referring to, the material particular in which the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n## Part 6—Miscellaneous\n\n#### 36 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part contains miscellaneous provisions dealing with other matters, including additional duties of the Inspector‑General, the privilege against self‑incrimination, and protection for the Inspector‑General and certain other people from civil proceedings.\n\n#### 37 Reporting misconduct by livestock export officials\n\n If the Inspector‑General forms the opinion either before, during or after conducting a review:\n (a) that a livestock export official has engaged in misconduct; and\n (b) that the evidence is of sufficient weight to justify the Inspector‑General doing so;\n the Inspector‑General must report the evidence to:\n (c) if the livestock export official is or was the Secretary—the Minister; or\n (d) otherwise—the Secretary.\n\n#### 38 Privilege against self‑incrimination\n\n Privilege does not apply in relation to section 11\n (1) A person is not excused from answering a question, giving information or producing a document under section 11 on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the person or make the person liable to a penalty.\n Use/derivative use immunity applies\n (2) However, in the case of an individual:\n (a) the answer or information given or the document produced; and\n (b) answering the question, giving the information or producing the document; and\n (c) any information, document or thing obtained as a direct or indirect consequence of answering the question, giving the information or producing the document;\n are not admissible in evidence against the individual in any criminal or civil proceedings, except proceedings under, or arising out of, section 137.1 or 137.2 of the Criminal Code or section 34 or 35 of this Act (false or misleading information or documents) in relation to answering the question, giving the information or producing the document.\n Privilege not otherwise affected\n (3) Except as provided by subsection (1), nothing in this Act affects the right of an individual to refuse to answer a question, give information or produce a document on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the individual or make the individual liable to a penalty.\n\n#### 39 Protection from liability\n\n (1) This section applies to the following persons (protected persons):\n (a) the Inspector‑General;\n (b) a person acting under the Inspector‑General’s authority.\n (2) A protected person is not liable to civil proceedings for loss, damage or injury of any kind suffered by another person as a result of the performance or exercise, in good faith, of the protected person’s functions, powers or duties under or in relation to this Act.\n\n#### 40 Annual report\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must, as soon as practicable after the end of each financial year, prepare and give to the Minister a report on the activities of the Inspector‑General during the financial year.\n (2) The report prepared by the Inspector‑General for a financial year:\n (a) must include the number of reviews under section 10 started during the year and the number of reviews under that section completed during the year; and\n (b) may include any other information relating to the Inspector‑General’s functions or role that the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n#### 41 Rules\n\n (1) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make rules prescribing matters:\n (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed by the rules; or\n (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n (2) To avoid doubt, the rules may not do the following:\n (a) create an offence or civil penalty;\n (b) provide powers of:\n (i) arrest or detention; or\n (ii) entry, search or seizure;\n (c) impose a tax;\n (d) set an amount to be appropriated from the Consolidated Revenue Fund under an appropriation in this Act;\n (e) directly amend the text of this Act.","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"11A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Inspector‑General must prepare annual work plan","content":"#### 11A Inspector‑General must prepare annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must prepare a work plan, in writing, for each financial year.\n (2) The work plan for a financial year must set out the key outcomes and priorities for the Inspector‑General for the financial year, including:\n (a) the reviews that the Inspector‑General intends to conduct under section 10 during the financial year; and\n (b) details of each review, including when each review will be conducted.\n (3) The Inspector‑General must consult the Minister in preparing a work plan for a financial year. The Inspector‑General may also consult any other person the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General is not subject to direction by the Minister in relation to these matters: see section 10C (independence of Inspector‑General).\n\n (4) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan for a financial year on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after it has been finalised.\n (5) A work plan prepared under subsection (1) is not a legislative instrument.","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"11B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Variation of annual work plan","content":"#### 11B Variation of annual work plan\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may vary a work plan for a financial year if the Inspector‑General is satisfied that it is reasonable and appropriate to do so.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must publish the work plan, as varied, on the Inspector‑General’s website as soon as practicable after the work plan has been varied.\n (3) A varied work plan is not a legislative instrument.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Administrative provisions","content":"## Part 3—Administrative provisions","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Simplified outline of this Part","content":"#### 12 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part deals with administrative matters relating to the office of the Inspector‑General, including the appointment of the Inspector‑General and the terms and conditions on which the Inspector‑General holds office.","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Appointment","content":"#### 13 Appointment\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be appointed by the Minister by written instrument.\n\n> Note: The Inspector‑General may be reappointed, subject to subsection 15(2) (see section 33AA of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901).\n\n (2) The Inspector‑General may be appointed on a full‑time or part‑time basis.","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Acting appointments","content":"#### 14 Acting appointments\n\n The Minister may, by written instrument, appoint a person to act as the Inspector‑General:\n (a) during a vacancy in the office of Inspector‑General (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n (b) during any period, or during all periods, when the Inspector‑General:\n (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see sections 33AB and 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Term of office","content":"#### 15 Term of office\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 5 years.\n (2) The Inspector‑General must not hold office for a total of more than 10 years.","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of finance law","content":"#### 16 Application of finance law\n\n For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Inspector‑General is an official of the Department.","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Remuneration","content":"#### 17 Remuneration\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration by the Tribunal is in operation, the Inspector‑General is to be paid the remuneration that is prescribed under subsection (5).\n (2) The Inspector‑General is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed under subsection (5).\n (3) Subsections 7(9) and (13) of the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 do not apply in relation to the office of the Inspector‑General.\n\n> Note: The effect of this subsection is that remuneration or allowances of the Inspector‑General will be paid out of money appropriated by an Act other than the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.\n\n (4) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973 (except as provided by subsection (3)).\n (5) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, prescribe:\n (a) remuneration for the purposes of subsection (1); and\n (b) allowances for the purposes of subsection (2).","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Leave of absence for full‑time Inspector‑General","content":"#### 18 Leave of absence for full‑time Inspector‑General\n\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Minister may grant the Inspector‑General leave of absence, other than recreation leave, on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Minister determines.","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Engaging in other paid work","content":"#### 19 Engaging in other paid work\n\n Full‑time Inspector‑General\n (1) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office without the Minister’s approval.\n Part‑time Inspector‑General\n (2) If the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis, the Inspector‑General must not engage in any paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties.","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Other terms and conditions","content":"#### 20 Other terms and conditions\n\n The Inspector‑General holds office on the terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not covered by this Act that are determined by the Minister.","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Resignation","content":"#### 21 Resignation\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General may resign the Inspector‑General’s appointment by giving the Minister a written resignation.\n (2) The resignation takes effect on the day it is received by the Minister or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Termination of appointment","content":"#### 22 Termination of appointment\n\n (1) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General:\n (a) for misbehaviour; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is unable to perform the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office because of physical or mental incapacity.\n (2) The Minister may terminate the appointment of the Inspector‑General if:\n (a) the Inspector‑General:\n (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n (ii) takes steps to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n (iii) compounds with one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (iv) makes an assignment of the Inspector‑General’s remuneration for the benefit of one or more of the Inspector‑General’s creditors; or\n (b) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General is absent, except on leave of absence, for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n (c) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages, except with the Minister’s approval, in paid work outside the duties of the Inspector‑General’s office (see subsection 19(1)); or\n (d) if the Inspector‑General is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Inspector‑General engages in paid work that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Inspector‑General’s duties (see subsection 19(2)); or\n (e) the Inspector‑General fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 29 of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (which deals with the duty to disclose interests) or rules made for the purposes of that section.","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Information management","content":"## Part 4—Information management","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Simplified outline of this Part","content":"#### 23 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nInformation (called protected information) may be obtained under, or in accordance with, this Act.\n\nThis Part sets out the circumstances in which that information may be used or disclosed.\n\nA person who obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act may commit an offence if the person uses or discloses the information other than in certain circumstances.","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authorisation to use or disclose protected information in performing functions or exercising powers under this Act","content":"#### 24 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information in performing functions or exercising powers under this Act\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information in performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act.\n\n> Note 1: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n> Note 2: Use, in relation to information, includes make a record of (see the definition of use in section 5).","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of proceedings","content":"#### 25 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of proceedings\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information:\n (a) to a court or tribunal, or in accordance with an order of a court or tribunal, for the purposes of proceedings; or\n (b) to a coronial inquiry, or in accordance with an order of a coroner, for the purposes of a coronial inquiry.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws.","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of enforcement related activity","content":"#### 26 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information for purposes of enforcement related activity\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may use the information, or disclose the information to an enforcement body, if the person reasonably believes that the use or disclosure is reasonably necessary for, or directly related to, one or more enforcement related activities being conducted by, or on behalf of, that enforcement body.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) An enforcement body to which protected information is disclosed under subsection (1) may use or disclose the information for the purposes of conducting one or more enforcement related activities.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authorisation to use or disclose protected information if required by another Australian law","content":"#### 27 Authorisation to use or disclose protected information if required by another Australian law\n\n A person who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information if the use or disclosure is required under an Australian law other than this Act.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authorisation to disclose protected information to person to whom information relates, or to use or disclose protected information with consent","content":"#### 28 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person to whom information relates, or to use or disclose protected information with consent\n\n (1) A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person to whom the information relates.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).\n\n (2) A person (the first person) who obtains protected information may use or disclose the information for a purpose if the person to whom the information relates has expressly consented to the first person using or disclosing the information for that purpose.\n\n> Note: This subsection constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"29","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authorisation to disclose protected information to person who provided information","content":"#### 29 Authorisation to disclose protected information to person who provided information\n\n A person who obtains protected information may disclose the information to the person who provided the information.\n\n> Note: This section constitutes an authorisation for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rules may authorise use or disclosure of protected information for other purposes","content":"#### 30 Rules may authorise use or disclosure of protected information for other purposes\n\n The rules may authorise a person who obtains protected information to use or disclose the information for purposes other than those referred to in sections 24 to 29.\n\n> Note: A disclosure that is authorised by rules made for the purposes of this section is an authorised disclosure for the purposes of the Privacy Act 1988 and other laws (including the common law).","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"31","sectionType":"section","heading":"Unauthorised use or disclosure of protected information","content":"#### 31 Unauthorised use or disclosure of protected information\n\n Fault‑based offence\n (1) A person commits an offence if:\n (a) the person obtains protected information in the course of, or for the purposes of, performing functions or duties or exercising powers under this Act; and\n (b) the person uses or discloses the information; and\n (c) the use or disclosure is not authorised by a provision in this Part or by rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 2 years or 120 penalty units, or both.\n\n Exception for use or disclosure in good faith\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person to the extent that the person uses or discloses protected information in good faith and in purported compliance with a provision in this Part or with rules made for the purposes of section 30.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"Part 5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Compliance and enforcement","content":"## Part 5—Compliance and enforcement","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"32","sectionType":"section","heading":"Simplified outline of this Part","content":"#### 32 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nCivil penalty orders may be sought under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act from a relevant court in relation to contraventions of civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n\nIf a person is required by the Inspector‑General to provide information or documents, the person may be liable to a civil penalty if the person provides information or documents that are false or misleading.","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"33","sectionType":"section","heading":"Civil penalties under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act","content":"#### 33 Civil penalties under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act\n\n (1) Each civil penalty provision of this Act is enforceable under Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act.\n\n> Note: Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act allows a civil penalty provision to be enforced by obtaining an order for a person to pay a pecuniary penalty for the contravention of the provision.\n\n Authorised applicant\n (2) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, the Secretary is an authorised applicant in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act.\n Relevant court\n (3) For the purposes of Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, each of the following courts is a relevant court in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act:\n (a) the Federal Court of Australia;\n (b) the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2);\n (c) a court of a State or Territory that has jurisdiction in relation to matters arising under this Act.\n Application\n (4) Part 4 of the Regulatory Powers Act, as it applies in relation to the civil penalty provisions of this Act, applies both within and outside Australia.","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"34","sectionType":"section","heading":"Civil penalty provision for false or misleading information","content":"#### 34 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading information\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person gives information (whether by giving an answer to a question or in writing) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3); and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the information:\n (i) is false or misleading; or\n (ii) omits any matter or thing without which the information is misleading.\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(i) if the information is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(ii) if the information did not omit any matter or thing without which the information is misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (4) Subsection (1) does not apply if, before the information was given by a person to another person (the official) in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3), the official did not take reasonable steps to inform the person that the person may be liable to a civil penalty for contravening subsection (1) of this section.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (5) For the purposes of subsection (4), it is sufficient if the following form of words is used:\n “You may be liable to a civil penalty for giving false or misleading information”.","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"35","sectionType":"section","heading":"Civil penalty provision for false or misleading documents","content":"#### 35 Civil penalty provision for false or misleading documents\n\n (1) A person is liable to a civil penalty if:\n (a) the person produces a document to another person; and\n (b) the person does so knowing that the document is false or misleading; and\n (c) the document is produced in compliance or purported compliance with subsection 11(3).\n\nCivil penalty: 240 penalty units.\n\n (2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the document is not false or misleading in a material particular.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).\n\n (3) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person who produces a document if the document is accompanied by a written statement signed by the person or, in the case of a body corporate, by a competent officer of the body corporate:\n (a) stating that the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading in a material particular; and\n (b) setting out, or referring to, the material particular in which the document is, to the knowledge of the first‑mentioned person, false or misleading.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in this subsection (see section 96 of the Regulatory Powers Act).","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"Part 6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"## Part 6—Miscellaneous","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"36","sectionType":"section","heading":"Simplified outline of this Part","content":"#### 36 Simplified outline of this Part\n\nThis Part contains miscellaneous provisions dealing with other matters, including additional duties of the Inspector‑General, the privilege against self‑incrimination, and protection for the Inspector‑General and certain other people from civil proceedings.","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"37","sectionType":"section","heading":"Reporting misconduct by livestock export officials","content":"#### 37 Reporting misconduct by livestock export officials\n\n If the Inspector‑General forms the opinion either before, during or after conducting a review:\n (a) that a livestock export official has engaged in misconduct; and\n (b) that the evidence is of sufficient weight to justify the Inspector‑General doing so;\n the Inspector‑General must report the evidence to:\n (c) if the livestock export official is or was the Secretary—the Minister; or\n (d) otherwise—the Secretary.","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"38","sectionType":"section","heading":"Privilege against self‑incrimination","content":"#### 38 Privilege against self‑incrimination\n\n Privilege does not apply in relation to section 11\n (1) A person is not excused from answering a question, giving information or producing a document under section 11 on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the person or make the person liable to a penalty.\n Use/derivative use immunity applies\n (2) However, in the case of an individual:\n (a) the answer or information given or the document produced; and\n (b) answering the question, giving the information or producing the document; and\n (c) any information, document or thing obtained as a direct or indirect consequence of answering the question, giving the information or producing the document;\n are not admissible in evidence against the individual in any criminal or civil proceedings, except proceedings under, or arising out of, section 137.1 or 137.2 of the Criminal Code or section 34 or 35 of this Act (false or misleading information or documents) in relation to answering the question, giving the information or producing the document.\n Privilege not otherwise affected\n (3) Except as provided by subsection (1), nothing in this Act affects the right of an individual to refuse to answer a question, give information or produce a document on the ground that the answer, the information or the production of the document might tend to incriminate the individual or make the individual liable to a penalty.","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"39","sectionType":"section","heading":"Protection from liability","content":"#### 39 Protection from liability\n\n (1) This section applies to the following persons (protected persons):\n (a) the Inspector‑General;\n (b) a person acting under the Inspector‑General’s authority.\n (2) A protected person is not liable to civil proceedings for loss, damage or injury of any kind suffered by another person as a result of the performance or exercise, in good faith, of the protected person’s functions, powers or duties under or in relation to this Act.","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"40","sectionType":"section","heading":"Annual report","content":"#### 40 Annual report\n\n (1) The Inspector‑General must, as soon as practicable after the end of each financial year, prepare and give to the Minister a report on the activities of the Inspector‑General during the financial year.\n (2) The report prepared by the Inspector‑General for a financial year:\n (a) must include the number of reviews under section 10 started during the year and the number of reviews under that section completed during the year; and\n (b) may include any other information relating to the Inspector‑General’s functions or role that the Inspector‑General considers appropriate.","sortOrder":55},{"sectionNumber":"41","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rules","content":"#### 41 Rules\n\n (1) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, make rules prescribing matters:\n (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed by the rules; or\n (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n (2) To avoid doubt, the rules may not do the following:\n (a) create an offence or civil penalty;\n (b) provide powers of:\n (i) arrest or detention; or\n (ii) entry, search or seizure;\n (c) impose a tax;\n (d) set an amount to be appropriated from the Consolidated Revenue Fund under an appropriation in this Act;\n (e) directly amend the text of this Act.","sortOrder":56}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The office was originally established as the 'Inspector-General of Live Animal Exports' with a focus primarily on export compliance. A 2023 amendment (Inspector-General of Live Animal Exports Amendment (Animal Welfare) Act 2023) broadened the name and explicitly embedded animal welfare considerations into the Inspector-General's core functions — including a new mandatory requirement to consider animal welfare in every review (s.10(1A)). This represents a meaningful expansion beyond pure export regulation compliance into active animal welfare oversight."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple interacting statutes referenced (Export Control Act 2020, Regulatory Powers Act 2014, Privacy Act 1988, Public Governance Performance and Accountability Act 2013, Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973, Criminal Code)","Tension between independence of Inspector-General and Ministerial direction powers requires careful reading to understand the true limits of each","Information management regime (Parts 4-5) involves layered authorisations and exceptions with Privacy Act interactions","Self-incrimination rules include both a compulsion to answer AND a use/derivative use immunity — a nuanced legal balance","Civil penalty framework incorporates by reference the Regulatory Powers Act, requiring readers to consult a separate Act to understand enforcement procedures","Scope of review function contains a specific carve-out (cannot review a single act by a single official) that limits jurisdiction in a non-obvious way","The document appears to contain significant repetition/duplication of provisions, suggesting formatting or compilation issues that add to reading difficulty"],"plain_english_summary":"This Act creates an independent Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports to review how the Australian Government manages live exports (cattle, sheep, goats, deer, buffalo, camels). The Inspector‑General can compel documents and answers, report misconduct, and publish reviews and annual reports, focusing on systemic practices rather than single acts. It affects exporters, livestock officials and anyone compelled to provide information (noncompliance or falsehoods attract heavy penalties), and adds transparent oversight to protect animal welfare."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[{"type":"impossible_compliance","section":"Section 10(2)","severity":"high","reasoning":"The prohibition on reviewing a single act by a single official conflicts directly with section 37, which requires the Inspector-General to report misconduct by a livestock export official when evidence is of sufficient weight. If the Inspector-General discovers misconduct by a single official through a single act, they are obliged to report it under s37 but structurally barred from conducting a targeted review of it under s10(2). The Inspector-General could know about serious misconduct but be unable to formally investigate it in isolation.","confidence":0.82,"description":"The Inspector-General is prohibited from reviewing only a single performance of a function or a single exercise of a power by a single livestock export official. This creates a structural gap where an egregious single act of misconduct by a single official cannot be reviewed unless it is bundled with other conduct, potentially forcing artificial scope-broadening to accommodate what would otherwise be a legitimate and urgent review."},{"type":"impossible_compliance","section":"Section 37","severity":"medium","reasoning":"If misconduct is identified 'before' a review, the Inspector-General has no compulsory information-gathering power (s11 requires a nexus to an active review) to build a sufficiently weighted evidential base to satisfy the threshold in s37(b). The duty to report before a review begins is therefore practically unenforceable in a rigorous evidentiary sense.","confidence":0.75,"description":"The Inspector-General must report misconduct evidence 'either before, during or after conducting a review', implying a duty to report misconduct discovered outside any formal review. However, the Inspector-General's power to gather information under section 11 is explicitly tied to 'a review under section 10'. There is no information-gathering power to support pre-review misconduct detection, making the 'before conducting a review' trigger largely hollow."},{"type":"self_contradicting","section":"Section 16","severity":"medium","reasoning":"Section 10C establishes that the Inspector-General is not subject to direction by any person and is independent. Section 16 makes the Inspector-General an official of the very Department whose Secretary is subject to review and whose conduct is reported to the Minister. Budgetary dependence on and administrative classification within the Department undermines the structural independence the Act purports to guarantee.","confidence":0.78,"description":"The Inspector-General is simultaneously declared to be 'independent' from the Department (section 10C) and structurally embedded as 'an official of the Department' for finance law purposes under section 16. This creates a paradox where the body being overseen (the Department) administratively houses the overseer."},{"type":"other","section":"Section 33(2)","severity":"high","reasoning":"If the Inspector-General is conducting a review of the Secretary's own conduct or the Department's systems, and a person refuses to provide documents, the Secretary—who is both a potential subject of the review and a livestock export official—must decide whether to apply to court to enforce compliance. This structural arrangement undermines the independence the Act seeks to create and could render the information-gathering power toothless at the critical moment it is most needed.","confidence":0.85,"description":"The Secretary of the Department is designated as the 'authorised applicant' to seek civil penalty orders against persons who fail to comply with the Inspector-General's information-gathering requirements. This means the head of the Department being reviewed must enforce compliance with the Inspector-General's compulsory powers, creating a potential conflict of interest where the Secretary may be disinclined to pursue enforcement against persons whose non-compliance protects the Department from scrutiny."},{"type":"retroactive_impossibility","section":"Section 5 (definition of 'animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards')","severity":"medium","reasoning":"While transitional arrangements may have addressed this in practice, the text as enacted created a situation where the primary legislation being overseen did not legally exist at commencement. The Inspector-General's functions in section 10, which are defined by reference to the 'animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards', would have been substantively empty at the point the Act commenced on 3 October 2019.","confidence":0.72,"description":"The Act was enacted in 2019 and references the 'Export Control Act 2020' as a foundational instrument in its definitions. The referenced Act did not exist at the time of enactment, meaning the core definitional framework of the 2019 Act pointed to a non-existent law for over a year after commencement."},{"type":"other","section":"Section 35(3)","severity":"medium","reasoning":"The exception in s35(3) allows a person to produce a document they know to be false, avoid civil penalty, and yet still force the Inspector-General to receive and process that false document. While this may be designed to ensure honesty about document quality, it functionally permits deliberate production of false records with impunity, potentially obstructing the review process while escaping sanction.","confidence":0.8,"description":"A person is exempt from civil penalty for producing a knowingly false or misleading document if they accompany it with a written statement admitting that it is false or misleading. This creates a perverse incentive structure: a person compelled to produce documents can immunise themselves from civil penalty simply by confessing in writing that the document is false, while still producing the false document."},{"type":"self_contradicting","section":"Section 10C(1) and Section 10D(4) read together","severity":"medium","reasoning":"The claim of 'complete discretion' in s10C(1)(a) is immediately qualified by the ministerial direction power in s10D(4), which is a mandatory compliance obligation. The note at s10C(1) acknowledges the carve-out but the primary provision still asserts 'complete' discretion. 'Complete' is an absolute term that admits no exceptions; the Act then creates one. This is a drafting contradiction even if the policy intent is clear.","confidence":0.88,"description":"The Inspector-General is declared to have 'complete discretion' in the performance of functions and is 'not subject to direction by any person'. However, section 10D(4) mandates that the Inspector-General 'must comply' with a ministerial direction to conduct a review. The Act's own note at s10C acknowledges this contradiction but does not resolve it substantively."}],"contradictions":[{"severity":"high","section_a":"Section 10C(1)(b) and 10C(2)(b)","section_b":"Section 10D(4) and 10D(5)","confidence":0.9,"description":"Section 10C declares the Inspector-General is not subject to direction in relation to 'the conduct of a review, including the terms of reference for a review' and 'the priority to be given to a review'. Section 10D(4) requires mandatory compliance with ministerial directions to conduct reviews, and s10D(5) requires the Inspector-General to consult the Minister in determining terms of reference and priority for directed reviews. The notes acknowledge the tension but the substantive provisions are in direct conflict."},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"Section 6(1)","section_b":"Section 6(2)","confidence":0.85,"description":"Section 6(1) states the Act 'binds the Crown in each of its capacities', creating a general obligation on the Crown. Section 6(2) immediately carves out criminal prosecution and civil penalty liability. Since the primary compliance mechanisms of the Act are civil penalties (ss 11, 34, 35) and criminal offences (s31), the Crown is bound by an Act whose entire enforcement machinery cannot be applied to it. The binding effect is therefore largely nominal."},{"severity":"high","section_a":"Section 10(1)(a) — review of livestock export officials' conduct","section_b":"Section 33(2) — Secretary as authorised applicant for civil penalties","confidence":0.87,"description":"The Inspector-General has power to review the conduct of the Secretary as a livestock export official (s10(1)(a), and the note to s10(2) confirms this). However, s33(2) designates the Secretary as the authorised applicant to enforce civil penalties against persons who obstruct the Inspector-General's review functions. Where a review concerns the Secretary's own conduct, the Secretary is simultaneously a potential subject of the review and the only person empowered to enforce compliance with it."},{"severity":"high","section_a":"Section 38(1) — abrogation of privilege against self-incrimination","section_b":"Section 38(2) — use/derivative use immunity","confidence":0.83,"description":"Section 38(1) compels individuals to produce incriminating information. Section 38(2) grants immunity from use of that information in criminal and civil proceedings. However, s38(2) expressly excludes from the immunity proceedings under ss 34 and 35 (false or misleading information/documents). This means a person compelled to provide information cannot refuse on self-incrimination grounds, but if they provide false information to protect themselves, they are exposed to civil penalty under ss 34-35 without the immunity protection. The person is thus trapped: truthful compliance may incriminate; false compliance attracts civil penalty without immunity."},{"severity":"low","section_a":"Section 11A(2)(b) — work plan must include details of when each review will be conducted","section_b":"Section 10D(2) — Minister may direct reviews at any time","confidence":0.7,"description":"The annual work plan must include details of when each review will be conducted, implying a fixed schedule. However, the Minister may direct additional reviews at any time during the financial year (s10D(2)), and the Inspector-General must comply (s10D(4)). There is no mechanism in s11B to require a work plan variation when a directed review is imposed, meaning the published work plan can be rendered inaccurate and misleading as to the Inspector-General's actual activities without any obligation to update it to reflect ministerially-directed reviews."},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"Section 3(1)(d) — object to ensure officials consider animal welfare","section_b":"Section 10(2) — Inspector-General cannot review single act by single official","confidence":0.75,"description":"One of the Act's objects is to ensure livestock export officials consider animal welfare in performing their functions. However, the Inspector-General cannot review a single act by a single official. If an individual official systematically ignores animal welfare in a single recurring function, a targeted review of that specific failure is prohibited, undermining the Act's stated object of individual official accountability."}]},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The core scope remains what was originally enacted: an independent Inspector‑General with powers to review Commonwealth implementation of live animal export legislation and standards, to require information, to publish reviews and work plans, and to report misconduct (see ss.3, 9–11, 10(3), 11A, 37). The Act includes a note that the office name was amended in 2023, but that is a renaming rather than a substantive expansion of the Inspector‑General’s statutory functions. There is no material enlargement of the Act’s subject‑matter jurisdiction in the text provided; it still focuses on Commonwealth regulation and administration of livestock exports and related reporting (see s.5 definition of \"animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards\" and s.10)."},"complexity_factors":["About 18 defined terms in the interpretation section (e.g. \"animal welfare and live animal export legislation and standards\", \"ASEL\", \"livestock export official\", \"protected information\") (see s.5).","Multiple cross‑references to external legislation: Export Control Act 2020, Regulatory Powers (Standard Provisions) Act 2014, Privacy Act 1988, Criminal Code, Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973, Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013, Public Service Act 1999 (see s.5 and various provisions).","Mixed enforcement regime: both civil penalties (enforceable under the Regulatory Powers Act) and fault‑based criminal offence for unauthorised disclosure with different burdens of proof and remedies (see ss.31, 32–35).","Tension between declared independence and ministerial control: Inspector‑General has operational discretion (s.10C) but must comply with written Ministerial directions to conduct reviews and consult on their terms (s.10D).","Information powers with procedural constraints and exceptions: compulsory notices (14‑day minimum), copying/removal powers, privilege‑against‑self‑incrimination carve‑outs and use/derivative‑use immunity (see s.11 and s.38).","Rules‑making power with express limits (Minister may make rules but cannot create offences/civil penalties or grant coercive powers etc.) (s.41(1)–(2)).","Publication and transparency obligations layered with strict confidentiality rules and severe penalties for unauthorised disclosure — creates conditional complexity in information handling (ss.10(3), 11A, 24–31).","Administrative detail on appointment, terms, limits on tenure and removal with multiple conditional grounds (ss.13–22)."],"plain_english_summary":"**What this law does (mechanics)\n\n- Establishes an independent office called the Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports and sets out its staffing, pay and administrative arrangements (appointment, term, leave, re‑appointment, removal). See sections 9, 13–22. \n\n- Gives the Inspector‑General the formal functions of reviewing how Commonwealth livestock‑export laws, the Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (ASEL) and related systems are implemented and reported on. Reviews may cover the performance of livestock export officials, Commonwealth administrative systems, the ASEL itself and Commonwealth reporting on welfare and compliance. See section 10. \n\n- Allows the Inspector‑General to start reviews on their own initiative, to accept requests from Ministers or the Secretary, and to be directed in writing by the Minister to conduct particular reviews. The Inspector‑General must comply with a Ministerial direction to start a review but consults on terms and priority. See section 10D. \n\n- Gives the Inspector‑General statutory powers to require people who the Inspector‑General reasonably believes hold relevant information or documents to produce them or answer questions (written notice; at least 14 days). Non‑compliance attracts a civil penalty. See section 11. \n\n- Requires the Inspector‑General to publish a report on each review, to prepare and publish an annual work plan (consulting the Minister), and to produce an annual report for the Minister. See sections 10(3), 11A–11B, 40. \n\n- Creates an information regime for material obtained under the Act (\"protected information\"): authorised uses and disclosures (for Inspector‑General functions, court/ coronial proceedings, enforcement activity, required by other Australian law, to the person the information is about, with consent, and to the provider). It also makes unauthorised disclosure a criminal offence (or subject to severe penalty), with some limited good‑faith and use/derivative‑use immunities. See sections 24–31, 31. \n\n- Provides civil penalty and enforcement paths for false or misleading answers or documents provided under notice, and cross‑references enforcement under the Regulatory Powers Act and certain Criminal Code provisions. See sections 32–35. \n\n- Requires the Inspector‑General to report to the Secretary or Minister where the Inspector‑General forms the opinion there is evidence of misconduct by a livestock export official. See section 37.\n\n\nWho is affected\n\n- Commonwealth livestock export officials (defined to include authorised officers and accredited veterinarians under the Export Control Act, plus the Department Secretary and delegates). They are subject to independent review of their functions and to requirements to produce documents and information if served with a notice. See the definition of \"livestock export official\" and sections 10 and 11. \n\n- Other persons and bodies (including contractors, industry participants, consultants or third parties) who hold information or documents relevant to a review — they can be required to cooperate and may face civil penalties for false or misleading material. See section 11 and sections 34–35. \n\n- The Department and the Commonwealth: the Act makes the Inspector‑General an official of the Department for finance law purposes and requires public publishing of work plans and review reports (administrative and reputational effects). See section 16 and 11A–11B. \n\n- Members of the public and stakeholders: the Act increases publicly available reporting (reports on each review, work plans, annual report) which may affect transparency of regulatory practice. See sections 10(3), 11A and 40.\n\n\nWhy it matters (stated purpose, then practical trade‑offs)\n\n- Stated purpose: the Act is designed to increase accountability and transparency in the Commonwealth regulation of live animal exports, promote continual regulatory improvement, provide an additional assurance layer, and ensure animal welfare is considered by livestock export officials. These are expressed objectives in section 3. \n\n- Practical effects and trade‑offs: \n - Accountability and transparency are advanced by an independent reviewer with powers to compel information and publish findings (s.10, s.11, s.10(3)). That creates an additional compliance and reporting cost for officials and third parties who must respond to notices (s.11(3)). \n - The Act imposes significant legal risks for people who provide false or misleading answers or documents (civil penalties and possible criminal consequences via cross‑references). This raises incentives to invest in record‑keeping and legal review before responding; it also raises the administrative cost of compliance for businesses and individuals serving in roles related to exports (s.34–35). \n - The Inspector‑General is given operational independence in how reviews are conducted (s.10C) but the Minister can require that a particular review be conducted and the Inspector‑General must comply with that direction to start the review (s.10D(2) and (4)). That structure creates a balance between independent verification and political oversight: the Minister can set priorities; the Inspector‑General controls methodology and reporting. \n - The Act tightens control over disclosure of information obtained under the Act (criminal penalties for unauthorised disclosure, s.31). That reduces the risk of uncontrolled leaks of sensitive material, but it also limits which third parties (including the media) may receive or publish material obtained in reviews unless an authorised disclosure path applies (s.24–30). \n - The Act funds the office from Commonwealth appropriations and treats the Inspector‑General as a Department official for finance law; remuneration is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal or by ministerial instrument (s.16–17). Thus taxpayers pay for the office and the reviews. \n\n\nImplementation, incentives and risks\n\n- Compliance burden: entities that supply information face a 14‑day minimum notice period to collate and deliver documents; penalties for false information are high (240 penalty units for civil penalty; criminal sanctions for unauthorised disclosure). See s.11, s.34–35, s.31. \n\n- Bureaucratic discretion and capture risk: the Minister’s power to direct reviews (s.10D) and to make rules (s.41) introduces potential political influence over the review agenda and the instrument‑level detail of procedures — the Inspector‑General retains discretion over how reviews are carried out and report content (s.10C). The Act limits the rules the Minister may make (they may not create offences, impose taxes, grant coercive criminal powers, or amend the Act directly) (s.41(2)). \n\n- Effects on private enterprise: the law does not directly regulate private exporters’ commercial terms, but it increases oversight of the regulatory system that governs exports. That may raise compliance costs for exporters (more inspections, record production), and could influence operational choices (e.g., documentation systems, vet accreditation practices). The Act does not itself change technical ASEL standards; it empowers reviews of those standards and systems (s.10(1)(c)). \n\n- Confidentiality and whistleblowing: the Act authorises disclosures to enforcement bodies and to persons who provided information, but criminalises unauthorised disclosures (s.26, s.29, s.31). Individuals providing information have a limited form of immunity from derivative use in other proceedings (use/derivative‑use immunity, s.38(2)), which reduces but does not eliminate barriers to cooperating with reviews. \n\n\nWho pays, who decides, and what behaviour changes\n\n- Who pays: the Commonwealth funds the office and its activities (finance law treatment in s.16; remuneration and allowances via Remuneration Tribunal or Ministerial instrument s.17). \n- Who decides: the Inspector‑General decides review content, method and reporting (s.10, s.10C). The Minister can direct the Inspector‑General to start particular reviews and sets rules by legislative instrument within limits (s.10D(2), s.41). The Secretary is an authorised applicant for civil penalty enforcement (s.33(2)). \n- Behaviour changes: livestock export officials will be subject to independent review and may need to alter record‑keeping and engagement with the Inspector‑General; third parties holding relevant information will face notice and potential penalties so are likely to formalise document storage and disclosure procedures; the Department may change reporting and administrative systems in response to review recommendations.\n\n\nKey sections to note: establishment and functions (s.9–10), compulsory information powers (s.11), work plan and publication duties (s.11A–11B, s.10(3)), information use/disclosure and penalties (s.24–31, s.31), false information civil penalties (s.34–35), Ministerial direction and independence balance (s.10C–10D), reporting misconduct (s.37)."},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":573},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The legislation has expanded beyond its original 2019 scope through the 2023 amendment that changed the office name from 'Inspector-General of Live Animal Exports' to 'Inspector-General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports'. This explicitly broadened the focus from export processes to animal welfare considerations more generally, as reflected in section 10(1A) requiring animal welfare to be considered in all reviews."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple cross-references to other Acts (Export Control Act 2020, Regulatory Powers Act 2014, Privacy Act 1988, Public Governance Act 2013)","Nested conditions for when information can be disclosed (6 authorised purposes in Part 4)","Civil penalty provisions with multiple exceptions and evidential burdens (sections 34-35)","Term limits with cumulative cap (10 years total across appointments)","Interaction between Minister direction powers and Inspector-General independence creates subtle conditional logic","Protected information regime requires tracking authorisations across multiple sections"],"plain_english_summary":"This Act creates an independent watchdog — the **Inspector‑General of Animal Welfare and Live Animal Exports** — to oversee how the Australian Government regulates the export of live animals (mainly cattle, sheep, goats, and similar livestock).\n\n**What the Inspector‑General does:**\n- **Reviews** the performance of government officials who regulate livestock exports (authorised officers, accredited vets, and the Department Secretary)\n- **Examines** whether Commonwealth systems for managing exports actually protect animal welfare\n- **Assesses** the effectiveness of the *Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock* (ASEL)\n- **Evaluates** how well the Government reports on animal welfare issues, investigations, and compliance problems\n- **Reports misconduct** by officials to the Minister or Secretary\n\n**Key powers:**\n- Can demand documents and information from people relevant to a review (with at least 14 days notice)\n- Must publish a report on every review conducted\n- Must prepare and publish an annual work plan showing priorities for the year\n\n**Independence:**\nThe Inspector‑General operates independently — the Minister can ask for a specific review but cannot dictate how reviews are conducted, what goes in work plans, or what appears in reports.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- Government officials regulating livestock exports\n- Exporters and industry participants who may be asked for information\n- Animals being exported (the ultimate beneficiaries of improved oversight)\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThis office was created to add a layer of accountability after controversies over animal welfare in live exports. It aims to make the regulatory system more transparent, improve animal welfare outcomes, and ensure officials properly consider animal welfare in their decisions."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/inspector-general-of-animal-welfare-and-live-animal-exports-act-2019","history":"/api/acts/inspector-general-of-animal-welfare-and-live-animal-exports-act-2019/history","analysis":"/api/acts/inspector-general-of-animal-welfare-and-live-animal-exports-act-2019/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/inspector-general-of-animal-welfare-and-live-animal-exports-act-2019/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/inspector-general-of-animal-welfare-and-live-animal-exports-act-2019/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/inspector-general-of-animal-welfare-and-live-animal-exports-act-2019/documents"}}