{"id":"C2010A00032","name":"Independent National Security Legislation Monitor Act 2010","slug":"independent-national-security-legislation-monitor-act-2010","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"32 of 2010","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":27440,"registerId":"commonwealth-C2010A00032-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-01","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"## Part 1—Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Short title","content":"#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor Act 2010.","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act commences on the day after it receives the Royal Assent.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Object","content":"#### 3 Object\n\n  The object of this Act is to appoint an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor who will assist Ministers in ensuring that Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation:\n    (a) is effective in deterring and preventing terrorism, terrorism‑related activity and threats to Australia’s security; and\n    (b) is effective in responding to terrorism, terrorism‑related activity and threats to Australia’s security; and\n    (c) is consistent with Australia’s international obligations, including:\n    (i) human rights obligations; and\n    (ii) counter‑terrorism obligations; and\n    (iii) international security obligations; and\n    (d) contains appropriate safeguards for protecting the rights of individuals.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 4 Definitions\n\n  In this Act:\n\n> agency within the national intelligence community has the same meaning as in the Office of National Intelligence Act 2018.\n\n> Committee on Intelligence and Security means the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security established under the Intelligence Services Act 2001.\n\n> counter‑terrorism and national security legislation has the meaning given by section 4A.\n\n> Defence Department means the Department of State that deals with defence and that is administered by the Minister administering section 1 of the Defence Act 1903.\n\n> head means:\n\n    (a) in relation to the Australian Federal Police—the Commissioner of Police; or\n    (b) in relation to the Australian Crime Commission—the Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Crime Commission; or\n    (d) in relation to the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation—the Director‑General of Security; or\n    (e) in relation to the Australian Secret Intelligence Service—the Director‑General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service; or\n    (ea) in relation to the Australian Signals Directorate—the Director‑General of the Australian Signals Directorate; or\n    (f) in relation to the part of the Defence Department known as the Australian Geospatial‑Intelligence Organisation—the Director of that part of the Department; or\n    (g) in relation to the part of the Defence Department known as the Defence Intelligence Organisation—the Director of that part of the Department; or\n    (i) in relation to any other part of the Defence Department—the Chief of the Defence Force and the Secretary of the Department; or\n    (j) in relation to the Office of National Intelligence—the Director‑General of National Intelligence; or\n    (k) in relation to any other Commonwealth government agency:\n    (i) in the case of a Department of the Commonwealth—the Secretary of the Department; or\n    (ii) in the case of a body established for a public purpose—the person holding, or performing the duties of, the principal office in respect of the body; or\n    (l) in relation to a State or Territory government agency—the person holding, or performing the duties of, the principal office in respect of the agency.\n\n> Immigration and Border Protection Department means the Department administered by the Minister administering the Australian Border Force Act 2015.\n\n> Independent National Security Legislation Monitor means the person appointed in accordance with section 11.\n\n> law enforcement or security agency means any of the following agencies:\n\n    (a) the Australian Federal Police;\n    (b) the Australian Crime Commission;\n    (c) the Immigration and Border Protection Department;\n    (d) the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation;\n    (e) the Australian Secret Intelligence Service;\n    (ea) the Australian Signals Directorate;\n    (f) the Australian Defence Force;\n    (g) the part of the Defence Department known as the Australian Geospatial‑Intelligence Organisation;\n    (h) the part of the Defence Department known as the Defence Intelligence Organisation;\n    (j) the Office of National Intelligence;\n    (k) the police force of a State or Territory;\n    (l) any other agency prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this definition.\n\n> operationally sensitive information means:\n\n    (a) information about information sources or operational activities or methods available to a law enforcement or security agency; or\n    (b) information about particular operations that have been, are being or are proposed to be undertaken by a law enforcement or security agency, or about proceedings relating to those operations; or\n    (c) information provided by a foreign government, or by an agency of a foreign government, where that government does not consent to the public disclosure of the information.\n\n> responsible Minister, in relation to a review of a matter, means the Minister (including a State or Territory Minister) responsible for the agency concerned in relation to the matter.\n\n> secrecy provision means:\n\n    (a) a provision of a law of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, being a provision that purports to prohibit; or\n    (b) anything done, under a provision of a law of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, to prohibit;\n  the communication, divulging or publication of information, the production of, or the publication of the contents of, a document, or the production of a thing.\n\n> special report has the meaning given by subsection 29A(1).\n\n> statutory review report has the meaning given by subsection 29B(2).","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"4A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Meaning of counter‑terrorism and national security legislation","content":"#### 4A Meaning of counter‑terrorism and national security legislation\n\n  (1) Counter‑terrorism and national security legislation means:\n    (a) laws of the Commonwealth that relate to counter‑terrorism or national security; and\n    (b) laws of the Commonwealth to the extent that they relate to counter‑terrorism or national security.\n  (2) Counter‑terrorism and national security legislation includes the following:\n    (a) the Intelligence Services Act 2001;\n    (b) the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979;\n    (c) the Office of National Intelligence Act 2018;\n    (d) the Telecommunications Act 1997, the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 and the Surveillance Devices Act 2004 to the extent that they relate to the exercise of powers by an agency within the national intelligence community;\n    (e) Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (citizenship cessation) and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Subdivision;\n    (f) Part 4 of the Charter of the United Nations Act 1945 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (g) the following provisions of the Crimes Act 1914:\n    (i) Division 3A of Part IAA and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Division;\n    (ii) sections 15AA and 19AG and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to those sections;\n    (iii) Part IC, to the extent that the provisions of that Part relate to the investigation of terrorism offences (within the meaning of that Act), and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (h) Chapter 5 of the Criminal Code and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Chapter;\n    (j) Part IIIAAA of the Defence Act 1903 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (k) the National Security Information (Criminal and Civil Proceedings) Act 2004;\n    (l) Part 2 of the Counter‑Terrorism (Temporary Exclusion Orders) Act 2019 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (m) a law, or a provision of a law, of the Commonwealth prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this paragraph.\n  (3) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) does not limit subsection (1).","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Independent National Security Legislation Monitor","content":"An Act to provide for the appointment of an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, and for related purposes\n\n## Part 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor Act 2010.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act commences on the day after it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Object\n\n  The object of this Act is to appoint an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor who will assist Ministers in ensuring that Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation:\n    (a) is effective in deterring and preventing terrorism, terrorism‑related activity and threats to Australia’s security; and\n    (b) is effective in responding to terrorism, terrorism‑related activity and threats to Australia’s security; and\n    (c) is consistent with Australia’s international obligations, including:\n    (i) human rights obligations; and\n    (ii) counter‑terrorism obligations; and\n    (iii) international security obligations; and\n    (d) contains appropriate safeguards for protecting the rights of individuals.\n\n#### 4 Definitions\n\n  In this Act:\n\n> agency within the national intelligence community has the same meaning as in the Office of National Intelligence Act 2018.\n\n> Committee on Intelligence and Security means the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security established under the Intelligence Services Act 2001.\n\n> counter‑terrorism and national security legislation has the meaning given by section 4A.\n\n> Defence Department means the Department of State that deals with defence and that is administered by the Minister administering section 1 of the Defence Act 1903.\n\n> head means:\n\n    (a) in relation to the Australian Federal Police—the Commissioner of Police; or\n    (b) in relation to the Australian Crime Commission—the Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Crime Commission; or\n    (d) in relation to the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation—the Director‑General of Security; or\n    (e) in relation to the Australian Secret Intelligence Service—the Director‑General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service; or\n    (ea) in relation to the Australian Signals Directorate—the Director‑General of the Australian Signals Directorate; or\n    (f) in relation to the part of the Defence Department known as the Australian Geospatial‑Intelligence Organisation—the Director of that part of the Department; or\n    (g) in relation to the part of the Defence Department known as the Defence Intelligence Organisation—the Director of that part of the Department; or\n    (i) in relation to any other part of the Defence Department—the Chief of the Defence Force and the Secretary of the Department; or\n    (j) in relation to the Office of National Intelligence—the Director‑General of National Intelligence; or\n    (k) in relation to any other Commonwealth government agency:\n    (i) in the case of a Department of the Commonwealth—the Secretary of the Department; or\n    (ii) in the case of a body established for a public purpose—the person holding, or performing the duties of, the principal office in respect of the body; or\n    (l) in relation to a State or Territory government agency—the person holding, or performing the duties of, the principal office in respect of the agency.\n\n> Immigration and Border Protection Department means the Department administered by the Minister administering the Australian Border Force Act 2015.\n\n> Independent National Security Legislation Monitor means the person appointed in accordance with section 11.\n\n> law enforcement or security agency means any of the following agencies:\n\n    (a) the Australian Federal Police;\n    (b) the Australian Crime Commission;\n    (c) the Immigration and Border Protection Department;\n    (d) the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation;\n    (e) the Australian Secret Intelligence Service;\n    (ea) the Australian Signals Directorate;\n    (f) the Australian Defence Force;\n    (g) the part of the Defence Department known as the Australian Geospatial‑Intelligence Organisation;\n    (h) the part of the Defence Department known as the Defence Intelligence Organisation;\n    (j) the Office of National Intelligence;\n    (k) the police force of a State or Territory;\n    (l) any other agency prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this definition.\n\n> operationally sensitive information means:\n\n    (a) information about information sources or operational activities or methods available to a law enforcement or security agency; or\n    (b) information about particular operations that have been, are being or are proposed to be undertaken by a law enforcement or security agency, or about proceedings relating to those operations; or\n    (c) information provided by a foreign government, or by an agency of a foreign government, where that government does not consent to the public disclosure of the information.\n\n> responsible Minister, in relation to a review of a matter, means the Minister (including a State or Territory Minister) responsible for the agency concerned in relation to the matter.\n\n> secrecy provision means:\n\n    (a) a provision of a law of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, being a provision that purports to prohibit; or\n    (b) anything done, under a provision of a law of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, to prohibit;\n  the communication, divulging or publication of information, the production of, or the publication of the contents of, a document, or the production of a thing.\n\n> special report has the meaning given by subsection 29A(1).\n\n> statutory review report has the meaning given by subsection 29B(2).\n\n#### 4A Meaning of counter‑terrorism and national security legislation\n\n  (1) Counter‑terrorism and national security legislation means:\n    (a) laws of the Commonwealth that relate to counter‑terrorism or national security; and\n    (b) laws of the Commonwealth to the extent that they relate to counter‑terrorism or national security.\n  (2) Counter‑terrorism and national security legislation includes the following:\n    (a) the Intelligence Services Act 2001;\n    (b) the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979;\n    (c) the Office of National Intelligence Act 2018;\n    (d) the Telecommunications Act 1997, the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 and the Surveillance Devices Act 2004 to the extent that they relate to the exercise of powers by an agency within the national intelligence community;\n    (e) Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (citizenship cessation) and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Subdivision;\n    (f) Part 4 of the Charter of the United Nations Act 1945 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (g) the following provisions of the Crimes Act 1914:\n    (i) Division 3A of Part IAA and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Division;\n    (ii) sections 15AA and 19AG and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to those sections;\n    (iii) Part IC, to the extent that the provisions of that Part relate to the investigation of terrorism offences (within the meaning of that Act), and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (h) Chapter 5 of the Criminal Code and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Chapter;\n    (j) Part IIIAAA of the Defence Act 1903 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (k) the National Security Information (Criminal and Civil Proceedings) Act 2004;\n    (l) Part 2 of the Counter‑Terrorism (Temporary Exclusion Orders) Act 2019 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (m) a law, or a provision of a law, of the Commonwealth prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this paragraph.\n  (3) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) does not limit subsection (1).\n\n## Part 2—Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n### Division 1—Establishment, functions and powers of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n#### 5 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  There is to be an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n\n#### 6 Functions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the following functions:\n    (a) to review, on his or her own initiative, the operation, effectiveness and implications of:\n    (i) Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation; and\n    (ii) any other law of the Commonwealth to the extent that it relates to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation;\n    (b) to consider, on his or her own initiative, whether any legislation mentioned in paragraph (a):\n    (i) contains appropriate safeguards for protecting the rights of individuals; and\n    (ii) remains proportionate to any threat of terrorism or threat to national security, or both; and\n    (iii) remains necessary;\n    (c) if a matter relating to counter‑terrorism or national security is referred to the Monitor by a Minister under section 7—to report on the reference;\n    (d) to assess whether Australia’s counter‑terrorism or national security legislation is being used for matters unrelated to terrorism and national security;\n    (f) to report on matters relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions, including reviews conducted by the Monitor (whether on the Monitor’s own initiative or as required by law).\n  (1A) If a matter is referred to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Committee on Intelligence and Security under section 7A, the Monitor may perform the function set out in paragraph (1)(a) or (b) in relation to the matter.\n  (1B) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must, as soon as practicable after the third anniversary of the day the National Security Legislation Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Act 2018 receives the Royal Assent, begin a review under paragraph (1)(a) of the following provisions of Chapter 5 of the Criminal Code:\n    (a) Division 82 (sabotage);\n    (b) Part 5.2 (espionage and related offences).\n  (1E) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) review the operation, effectiveness and implications of the amendments made by Schedules 1, 2 and 3 to the Surveillance Legislation Amendment (Identify and Disrupt) Act 2021; and\n    (b) commence to do so before the end of the 3‑year period beginning on the day that Act receives the Royal Assent.\n  (1F) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) review the operation, effectiveness and implications of:\n    (i) Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (which deals with citizenship cessation), as amended by Schedule 1 to the Australian Citizenship Amendment (Citizenship Repudiation) Act 2023; and\n    (ii) any other provision of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 so far as it relates to that Subdivision; and\n    (b) complete the review as soon as practicable after the end of the 3‑year period beginning on the day the amendments of that Subdivision commence.\n  (2) To avoid doubt, the following are not functions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) to review the priorities of, and use of resources by, agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation;\n    (b) to consider any individual complaints about the activities of Commonwealth agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation.\n  (3) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for or in connection with the performance of the Monitor’s functions.\n\n#### 7 References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General\n\n  (1) The Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General may refer a matter relating to counter‑terrorism or national security to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, either at the Monitor’s suggestion or on his or her own initiative.\n  (2) A Minister who refers a matter under subsection (1) may alter the terms of the reference.\n  (3) The Prime Minister may give the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor directions about the order in which he or she is to deal with references.\n\n#### 7A References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Committee on Intelligence and Security\n\n  (1) The Committee on Intelligence and Security may refer to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor a matter that the Committee:\n    (a) becomes aware of in the course of performing its functions under subsection 29(1) of the Intelligence Services Act 2001; and\n    (b) considers should be referred to the Monitor.\n  (2) It is a function of the Committee on Intelligence and Security to refer the matter to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n\n#### 8 Regard to be had to international obligations and constitutional arrangements\n\n  When performing the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s functions, the Monitor must have regard to:\n    (a) Australia’s obligations under international agreements (as in force from time to time), including:\n    (i) human rights obligations; and\n    (ii) counter‑terrorism obligations; and\n    (iii) international security obligations; and\n    (b) arrangements agreed from time to time between the Commonwealth, the States and the Territories to ensure a national approach to countering terrorism.\n\n#### 9 Emphasis to be given to counter‑terrorism and national security legislation that has been applied or considered recently\n\n  (1) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation in a particular financial year, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give particular emphasis to provisions of that legislation that have been applied, considered or purportedly applied by employees of agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, that legislation during that financial year or the immediately preceding financial year.\n  (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s performance of his or her functions under sections 29A (special report) or 29B (statutory review report).\n\n#### 10 Consultation with agencies etc.\n\n  (1) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must have regard to:\n    (a) the functions of agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, that legislation; and\n    (b) functions relating to that legislation that are conferred on a person who holds any office or appointment under a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory.\n  (2) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult with:\n    (b) the Ombudsman; or\n    (c) the Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security; or\n    (ca) the Human Rights Commissioner; or\n    (cb) the Privacy Commissioner; or\n    (cc) the head of an agency established by a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory; or\n    (d) a person mentioned in paragraph (1)(b);\n  as the Monitor considers necessary.\n\n### Division 2—Appointment of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n#### 11 Appointment\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be appointed by the Governor‑General by written instrument, on a part‑time or full‑time basis.\n  (2) Before a recommendation is made to the Governor‑General for the appointment of a person as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, the Prime Minister must consult with the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Representatives.\n  (3) A person must not be appointed as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor unless the person is, in the Governor‑General’s opinion, suitable for appointment because of the person’s qualifications, training or experience.\n  (4) A person’s appointment as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is not invalid because of a defect or irregularity in connection with the person’s appointment.\n\n#### 11A Obligation to fill vacancy as soon as practicable\n\n  As soon as practicable after the office of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor becomes vacant, a Monitor or acting Monitor must be appointed under section 11 or 20.\n\n#### 12 Term of appointment\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 3 years.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is eligible for reappointment once only.\n\n#### 13 Remuneration and allowances\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be paid such remuneration as is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration is in operation, the Monitor is to be paid such remuneration as is prescribed by the regulations.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed by the regulations.\n  (3) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.\n\n#### 14 Leave of absence\n\n  (1) A full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n  (2) The Attorney‑General may grant leave of absence, other than recreation leave, to a full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Attorney‑General determines in writing.\n  (3) The Attorney‑General may grant leave of absence to a part‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor on the terms and conditions that the Attorney‑General determines in writing.\n\n#### 15 Outside employment\n\n  (1) A full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must not engage in paid employment outside the duties of his or her office without the Attorney‑General’s written consent.\n  (2) A part‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must not engage in any paid employment that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of his or her duties without the Attorney‑General’s written consent.\n\n#### 16 Disclosure of interests to the Attorney‑General\n\n  The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give written notice to the Attorney‑General of all interests, pecuniary or otherwise, that the Monitor has or acquires and that conflict or could conflict with the proper performance of his or her functions.\n\n#### 17 Other terms and conditions\n\n  The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor holds office on such terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not provided for by this Act as are determined, in writing, by the Governor‑General.\n\n#### 17A Application of finance law\n\n  For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is an official of the Department.\n\n#### 17B Independence of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  Subject to this Act and any other Act, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) has complete discretion in performing or exercising the Monitor’s functions or powers; and\n    (b) is not subject to direction from anyone when doing so.\n\n#### 18 Resignation\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may resign by giving to the Governor‑General a signed notice of resignation.\n  (2) The resignation takes effect on the day on which it is received by the Governor‑General or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.\n\n#### 19 Termination of appointment\n\n  (1) The Governor‑General may terminate the appointment of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor for misbehaviour or physical or mental incapacity.\n  (2) The Governor‑General must terminate the appointment of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) if the Monitor:\n    (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n    (ii) applies to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n    (iii) compounds with his or her creditors; or\n    (iv) makes an assignment of his or her remuneration for the benefit of his or her creditors; or\n    (b) if the Monitor fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 16; or\n    (ba) if the Monitor is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Monitor engages, except with the Attorney‑General’s written consent, in paid employment outside the duties of his or her office;\n    (c) if the Monitor is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Monitor engages, except with the Attorney‑General’s written consent, in paid employment that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Monitor’s duties; or\n    (ca) if the Monitor is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Monitor is absent, except on leave of absence granted under subsection 14(2), for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n    (d) if the Monitor is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Monitor is absent, except on leave of absence granted under subsection 14(3), for 7 consecutive days or for 14 days in any 12 months.\n\n#### 20 Acting Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  The Attorney‑General may appoint a person to act as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) during a vacancy in the office of the Monitor (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n    (b) during a period, or during all periods, when the Monitor:\n    (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n    (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office;\n    so long as the period, or the total of all periods, is not more than 12 months.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see section 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n## Part 3—Information gathering powers\n\n#### 21 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may hold hearings\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may hold a hearing for the purposes of performing his or her functions under this Act.\n  (2) A hearing, or a part of a hearing:\n    (a) may be held in private if the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor so directs; and\n    (b) must be held in private for any time during which a person is giving evidence that discloses operationally sensitive information.\n  Otherwise, a hearing must be held in public.\n  (3) A hearing may otherwise be conducted in such a manner as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor thinks fit.\n  (4) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must ensure that a record of a hearing is made.\n  (5) A direction given under paragraph (2)(a) is not a legislative instrument.\n\n#### 22 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may summon person\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, by notice in writing, summon a person to attend a hearing at a time and place specified in the notice:\n    (a) to give evidence; or\n    (b) to produce documents or things specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: Failure to comply with a notice is an offence: see section 25.\n\n  (2) The notice must:\n    (a) be in writing and be signed by the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor; and\n    (b) be served on the person required to attend a hearing.\n  (3) A time specified in a notice must be at least 14 days after the day on which the notice is given.\n  (4) A person summoned to appear as a witness at a hearing is entitled to be paid by the Commonwealth any allowances for travelling and other expenses that are prescribed by the regulations.\n\n#### 23 Evidence on oath or by affirmation\n\n  (1) At a hearing, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may:\n    (a) require a witness to either take an oath or make an affirmation; and\n    (b) administer an oath or affirmation to the witness.\n\n> Note 1: Failure to take an oath or make an affirmation is an offence: see section 25.\n\n> Note 2: This means that a hearing is a judicial proceeding for the purposes of Part III of the Crimes Act 1914, which creates various offences in relation to judicial proceedings.\n\n  (2) The oath or affirmation is an oath or affirmation that the evidence the person will give will be true.\n  (3) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may allow a person attending a hearing who has been sworn, or who has made an affirmation, to give evidence by tendering a written statement and verifying it by oath or affirmation.\n\n#### 24 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may request production of a document or thing\n\n  (1) For the purposes of performing his or her functions under this Act, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may request, by written notice, a person:\n    (a) to give the Monitor the information referred to in the notice; or\n    (b) to produce to the Monitor the documents or things referred to in the notice.\n\n> Note: Failure to give the information, or produce the documents or things, is an offence: see section 25.\n\n  (2) The notice must:\n    (a) be in writing; and\n    (b) specify the period within which the person must comply with the notice.\n  (3) The period specified in a notice must end at least 14 days after the day on which the notice is given.\n\n#### 25 Offences\n\n  Failure to attend hearing\n  (1) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person is served with a notice to attend a hearing; and\n    (b) the person fails to attend as required by the notice.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to swear an oath, make an affirmation or answer a question\n  (2) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person is served with a notice to attend a hearing; and\n    (b) either:\n    (i) the person fails to be sworn or to make an affirmation at the hearing; or\n    (ii) the person fails to answer a question at the hearing that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor requires the person to answer.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to produce a document or thing\n  (3) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person receives a notice to produce a document or thing specified in the notice; and\n    (b) the person fails to produce the document or thing that the person was required to produce.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to provide information\n  (4) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person receives a notice to provide information specified in the notice; and\n    (b) the person fails to provide the information that the person was required to provide.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Exception—reasonable excuse\n  (5) This section does not apply if the person has a reasonable excuse.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (5) (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).\n\n  (6) It is a reasonable excuse for a person to fail to:\n    (a) answer a question; or\n    (b) produce a document or thing; or\n    (c) provide information;\n  on the ground that to do so might tend to incriminate the person or expose the person to a penalty.\n\n#### 26 No criminal or civil liability under secrecy provisions\n\n  A person who is served with a notice under section 22 or 24 does not commit an offence, and is not liable to any penalty, under a secrecy provision because the person:\n    (a) answers a question at a hearing that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor requires the person to answer; or\n    (b) provides information that the person is required to provide in accordance with the notice; or\n    (c) produces a document or thing that the person is required to produce in accordance with the notice.\n\n#### 27 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may retain documents or things\n\n  (1) Subject to section 28, if a document or thing is produced to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor in accordance with section 22 or 24, the Monitor:\n    (a) may take possession of, and make copies of, the document or thing, or take extracts from the document; and\n    (b) may retain possession of the document or thing for such period as is necessary for the performance of the Monitor’s functions under this Act.\n  (2) While the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor retains the document or thing, the Monitor must allow a person who would otherwise be entitled to possession of the document or thing, or a person authorised by that person:\n    (a) reasonable access to the document for the purposes of inspecting and making copies of, or taking extracts from, it; and\n    (b) reasonable access to the thing.\n\n#### 28 Protection of information and documents\n\n  (1) This section applies if documents having a national security classification or containing operationally sensitive information are provided by an agency to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) make arrangements with the head of the agency for the protection of those documents while they remain in the Monitor’s possession; and\n    (b) ensure that the documents are returned to the agency as soon as possible after the Monitor has examined them.\n\n## Part 4—Reporting requirements\n\n#### 29 Annual report\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report (an annual report):\n    (a) relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in paragraphs 6(1)(a) and (b), including information relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in subsection 6(1A); and\n    (b) containing such details relating to the performance of the Monitor’s function as set out in paragraph 6(1)(c) as the Monitor considers appropriate.\n  (1A) Despite paragraph (1)(a), the annual report need not include information described in that paragraph if such information is already included in a report prepared under section 29A.\n  (2) The annual report must be given to the Attorney‑General as soon as practicable after 30 June in each financial year and, in any event, by the following 31 December.\n  (2A) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that the annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the Attorney‑General, at the same time as the annual report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified annual report).\n  (3) The information specified by this subsection is information of the following kind:\n    (a) any operationally sensitive information; or\n    (b) any information that would or might prejudice:\n    (i) Australia’s national security or the conduct of Australia’s foreign relations; or\n    (ii) the performance by a law enforcement or security agency of its functions; or\n    (c) any information that, if included in the report, would or might endanger a person’s safety; or\n    (d) any information obtained from a document prepared for the purposes of a meeting of:\n    (i) the Cabinet, or of a Committee of the Cabinet, of the Commonwealth or of a State; or\n    (ii) the Australian Capital Territory Executive or of a committee of that Executive; or\n    (iii) the Executive Council of the Northern Territory or of a committee of that Executive Council; or\n    (e) any information that would disclose the deliberations or decisions of:\n    (i) the Cabinet, or of a Committee of the Cabinet, of the Commonwealth or of a State; or\n    (ii) the Australian Capital Territory Executive or of a committee of that Executive; or\n    (iii) the Executive Council of the Northern Territory or of a committee of that Executive Council.\n  (4) In determining whether an annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  (5) The Attorney‑General must cause a copy of:\n    (a) each annual report; or\n    (b) if an annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3)—the corresponding declassified annual report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which he or she receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which he or she receives the report.\n  (8) Section 34C of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 does not apply in relation to a report given to the Attorney‑General under this section.\n\n#### 29A Special report\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, from time to time, prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report (a special report) relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in paragraphs 6(1)(a) or (b).\n  (2) Before preparing the special report, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give to the Attorney‑General and Prime Minister a notice in writing:\n    (a) of his or her intention to prepare the special report; and\n    (b) providing reasons why, in the opinion of the Monitor, the special report is required.\n\n#### 29B Statutory review report\n\n  (1) This section applies if the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor completes a review of legislation the Monitor was required to conduct by law.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report relating to the performance of the review (a statutory review report).\n  (3) To avoid doubt, this section does not apply in relation to a review conducted on a referral under section 7 (references by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General).\n\n#### 29C Presenting copies of special reports and statutory review reports to the Parliament\n\n  (1) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that a special report or a statutory review report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the Attorney‑General, with the special report or statutory review report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified report).\n  (2) In determining whether a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  (3) The Attorney‑General must cause a copy of:\n    (a) unless paragraph (b) applies—the special report or statutory review report; or\n    (b) if the report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3)—the corresponding declassified report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which the Attorney‑General receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which the Attorney‑General receives the report.\n\n#### 30 Report on a reference by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General\n\n  Giving reports to referring Minister\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must report on a reference made under section 7 to the Minister who made the reference (the referring Minister).\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, before giving his or her report on a reference, give an interim report to the referring Minister on the Monitor’s work on the reference.\n  (3) The referring Minister may, before the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor gives his or her report on a reference, direct the Monitor to give an interim report to the referring Minister on the Monitor’s work on the reference.\n  Giving copies of reports to non‑referring Minister\n  (3A) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, if he or she considers it appropriate to do so, give a copy of a report under subsection (1), (2) or (3) to the Minister mentioned in section 7 who did not make the reference.\n  Declassified reports\n  (4) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that a report to the referring Minister under subsection (1) or (3) contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the referring Minister, at the same time as the report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified report).\n  (5) In determining whether a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  Presenting copies of reports to the Parliament\n  (6) The referring Minister must cause a copy of:\n    (a) a report given to the referring Minister under subsection (1) or (3); or\n    (b) if a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3)—the corresponding declassified report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which he or she receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which he or she receives the report.\n\n## Part 5—Miscellaneous\n\n#### 31 Immunity from legal action\n\n  (1) No action, suit or proceeding may be brought against a person who is, or has been, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor in relation to anything done, or omitted to be done, in good faith by the Monitor:\n    (a) in the performance, or purported performance, of his or her functions; or\n    (b) in the exercise, or purported exercise, of his or her powers.\n  (2) No action, suit or proceeding may be brought against a person who is assisting, or has assisted, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor under sections 33 or 34 in relation to anything done, or omitted to be done, in good faith by that person:\n    (a) assisting the Monitor in the performance, or purported performance, of his or her functions or duties; or\n    (b) assisting the Monitor in the exercise, or purported exercise, of his or her powers.\n\n#### 32 Regulations\n\n  The Governor‑General may make regulations prescribing matters:\n    (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or\n    (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n\n#### 33 Staff of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may be assisted by the following persons, whose services are made available to the Monitor in connection with the performance of any of the Monitor’s functions, or the exercise of the Monitor’s powers:\n    (a) APS employees in the Department whose services are made available to the Monitor by the Secretary of the Department;\n    (b) employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999);\n    (c) persons employed under the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979;\n    (d) persons employed under the Intelligence Services Act 2001;\n    (e) Parliamentary Service employees (within the meaning of the Parliamentary Service Act 1999);\n    (f) members of the Australian Defence Force.\n  (2) When performing services for the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, the persons are subject to the directions of the Monitor.\n  (3) A person referred to in subsection (1) may only assist the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor with the written consent of the Monitor, and the Monitor may, in writing, withdraw such consent at any time.\n\n#### 34 Contractors engaged by the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage persons to assist in the performance of any of the Monitor’s functions, or the exercise of the Monitor’s powers.\n  (2) The persons are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor determines in writing.\n  (3) When performing services for the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, a person engaged under subsection (1) is subject to the directions of the Monitor.\n  (4) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, in writing, delegate the Monitor’s power under subsection (1) to a member of the staff of the Monitor who is:\n    (a) classified as an Executive Level 2 or equivalent or higher; or\n    (b) acting in a position usually occupied by a person with a classification level of the kind mentioned in paragraph (a).\n  (5) In exercising the power delegated under subsection (4), the delegate is subject to the directions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Establishment, functions and powers of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor","content":"An Act to provide for the appointment of an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, and for related purposes\n\n## Part 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor Act 2010.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act commences on the day after it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Object\n\n  The object of this Act is to appoint an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor who will assist Ministers in ensuring that Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation:\n    (a) is effective in deterring and preventing terrorism, terrorism‑related activity and threats to Australia’s security; and\n    (b) is effective in responding to terrorism, terrorism‑related activity and threats to Australia’s security; and\n    (c) is consistent with Australia’s international obligations, including:\n    (i) human rights obligations; and\n    (ii) counter‑terrorism obligations; and\n    (iii) international security obligations; and\n    (d) contains appropriate safeguards for protecting the rights of individuals.\n\n#### 4 Definitions\n\n  In this Act:\n\n> agency within the national intelligence community has the same meaning as in the Office of National Intelligence Act 2018.\n\n> Committee on Intelligence and Security means the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security established under the Intelligence Services Act 2001.\n\n> counter‑terrorism and national security legislation has the meaning given by section 4A.\n\n> Defence Department means the Department of State that deals with defence and that is administered by the Minister administering section 1 of the Defence Act 1903.\n\n> head means:\n\n    (a) in relation to the Australian Federal Police—the Commissioner of Police; or\n    (b) in relation to the Australian Crime Commission—the Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Crime Commission; or\n    (d) in relation to the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation—the Director‑General of Security; or\n    (e) in relation to the Australian Secret Intelligence Service—the Director‑General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service; or\n    (ea) in relation to the Australian Signals Directorate—the Director‑General of the Australian Signals Directorate; or\n    (f) in relation to the part of the Defence Department known as the Australian Geospatial‑Intelligence Organisation—the Director of that part of the Department; or\n    (g) in relation to the part of the Defence Department known as the Defence Intelligence Organisation—the Director of that part of the Department; or\n    (i) in relation to any other part of the Defence Department—the Chief of the Defence Force and the Secretary of the Department; or\n    (j) in relation to the Office of National Intelligence—the Director‑General of National Intelligence; or\n    (k) in relation to any other Commonwealth government agency:\n    (i) in the case of a Department of the Commonwealth—the Secretary of the Department; or\n    (ii) in the case of a body established for a public purpose—the person holding, or performing the duties of, the principal office in respect of the body; or\n    (l) in relation to a State or Territory government agency—the person holding, or performing the duties of, the principal office in respect of the agency.\n\n> Immigration and Border Protection Department means the Department administered by the Minister administering the Australian Border Force Act 2015.\n\n> Independent National Security Legislation Monitor means the person appointed in accordance with section 11.\n\n> law enforcement or security agency means any of the following agencies:\n\n    (a) the Australian Federal Police;\n    (b) the Australian Crime Commission;\n    (c) the Immigration and Border Protection Department;\n    (d) the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation;\n    (e) the Australian Secret Intelligence Service;\n    (ea) the Australian Signals Directorate;\n    (f) the Australian Defence Force;\n    (g) the part of the Defence Department known as the Australian Geospatial‑Intelligence Organisation;\n    (h) the part of the Defence Department known as the Defence Intelligence Organisation;\n    (j) the Office of National Intelligence;\n    (k) the police force of a State or Territory;\n    (l) any other agency prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this definition.\n\n> operationally sensitive information means:\n\n    (a) information about information sources or operational activities or methods available to a law enforcement or security agency; or\n    (b) information about particular operations that have been, are being or are proposed to be undertaken by a law enforcement or security agency, or about proceedings relating to those operations; or\n    (c) information provided by a foreign government, or by an agency of a foreign government, where that government does not consent to the public disclosure of the information.\n\n> responsible Minister, in relation to a review of a matter, means the Minister (including a State or Territory Minister) responsible for the agency concerned in relation to the matter.\n\n> secrecy provision means:\n\n    (a) a provision of a law of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, being a provision that purports to prohibit; or\n    (b) anything done, under a provision of a law of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, to prohibit;\n  the communication, divulging or publication of information, the production of, or the publication of the contents of, a document, or the production of a thing.\n\n> special report has the meaning given by subsection 29A(1).\n\n> statutory review report has the meaning given by subsection 29B(2).\n\n#### 4A Meaning of counter‑terrorism and national security legislation\n\n  (1) Counter‑terrorism and national security legislation means:\n    (a) laws of the Commonwealth that relate to counter‑terrorism or national security; and\n    (b) laws of the Commonwealth to the extent that they relate to counter‑terrorism or national security.\n  (2) Counter‑terrorism and national security legislation includes the following:\n    (a) the Intelligence Services Act 2001;\n    (b) the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979;\n    (c) the Office of National Intelligence Act 2018;\n    (d) the Telecommunications Act 1997, the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 and the Surveillance Devices Act 2004 to the extent that they relate to the exercise of powers by an agency within the national intelligence community;\n    (e) Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (citizenship cessation) and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Subdivision;\n    (f) Part 4 of the Charter of the United Nations Act 1945 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (g) the following provisions of the Crimes Act 1914:\n    (i) Division 3A of Part IAA and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Division;\n    (ii) sections 15AA and 19AG and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to those sections;\n    (iii) Part IC, to the extent that the provisions of that Part relate to the investigation of terrorism offences (within the meaning of that Act), and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (h) Chapter 5 of the Criminal Code and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Chapter;\n    (j) Part IIIAAA of the Defence Act 1903 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (k) the National Security Information (Criminal and Civil Proceedings) Act 2004;\n    (l) Part 2 of the Counter‑Terrorism (Temporary Exclusion Orders) Act 2019 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (m) a law, or a provision of a law, of the Commonwealth prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this paragraph.\n  (3) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) does not limit subsection (1).\n\n## Part 2—Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n### Division 1—Establishment, functions and powers of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n#### 5 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  There is to be an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n\n#### 6 Functions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the following functions:\n    (a) to review, on his or her own initiative, the operation, effectiveness and implications of:\n    (i) Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation; and\n    (ii) any other law of the Commonwealth to the extent that it relates to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation;\n    (b) to consider, on his or her own initiative, whether any legislation mentioned in paragraph (a):\n    (i) contains appropriate safeguards for protecting the rights of individuals; and\n    (ii) remains proportionate to any threat of terrorism or threat to national security, or both; and\n    (iii) remains necessary;\n    (c) if a matter relating to counter‑terrorism or national security is referred to the Monitor by a Minister under section 7—to report on the reference;\n    (d) to assess whether Australia’s counter‑terrorism or national security legislation is being used for matters unrelated to terrorism and national security;\n    (f) to report on matters relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions, including reviews conducted by the Monitor (whether on the Monitor’s own initiative or as required by law).\n  (1A) If a matter is referred to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Committee on Intelligence and Security under section 7A, the Monitor may perform the function set out in paragraph (1)(a) or (b) in relation to the matter.\n  (1B) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must, as soon as practicable after the third anniversary of the day the National Security Legislation Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Act 2018 receives the Royal Assent, begin a review under paragraph (1)(a) of the following provisions of Chapter 5 of the Criminal Code:\n    (a) Division 82 (sabotage);\n    (b) Part 5.2 (espionage and related offences).\n  (1E) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) review the operation, effectiveness and implications of the amendments made by Schedules 1, 2 and 3 to the Surveillance Legislation Amendment (Identify and Disrupt) Act 2021; and\n    (b) commence to do so before the end of the 3‑year period beginning on the day that Act receives the Royal Assent.\n  (1F) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) review the operation, effectiveness and implications of:\n    (i) Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (which deals with citizenship cessation), as amended by Schedule 1 to the Australian Citizenship Amendment (Citizenship Repudiation) Act 2023; and\n    (ii) any other provision of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 so far as it relates to that Subdivision; and\n    (b) complete the review as soon as practicable after the end of the 3‑year period beginning on the day the amendments of that Subdivision commence.\n  (2) To avoid doubt, the following are not functions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) to review the priorities of, and use of resources by, agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation;\n    (b) to consider any individual complaints about the activities of Commonwealth agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation.\n  (3) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for or in connection with the performance of the Monitor’s functions.\n\n#### 7 References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General\n\n  (1) The Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General may refer a matter relating to counter‑terrorism or national security to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, either at the Monitor’s suggestion or on his or her own initiative.\n  (2) A Minister who refers a matter under subsection (1) may alter the terms of the reference.\n  (3) The Prime Minister may give the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor directions about the order in which he or she is to deal with references.\n\n#### 7A References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Committee on Intelligence and Security\n\n  (1) The Committee on Intelligence and Security may refer to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor a matter that the Committee:\n    (a) becomes aware of in the course of performing its functions under subsection 29(1) of the Intelligence Services Act 2001; and\n    (b) considers should be referred to the Monitor.\n  (2) It is a function of the Committee on Intelligence and Security to refer the matter to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n\n#### 8 Regard to be had to international obligations and constitutional arrangements\n\n  When performing the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s functions, the Monitor must have regard to:\n    (a) Australia’s obligations under international agreements (as in force from time to time), including:\n    (i) human rights obligations; and\n    (ii) counter‑terrorism obligations; and\n    (iii) international security obligations; and\n    (b) arrangements agreed from time to time between the Commonwealth, the States and the Territories to ensure a national approach to countering terrorism.\n\n#### 9 Emphasis to be given to counter‑terrorism and national security legislation that has been applied or considered recently\n\n  (1) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation in a particular financial year, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give particular emphasis to provisions of that legislation that have been applied, considered or purportedly applied by employees of agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, that legislation during that financial year or the immediately preceding financial year.\n  (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s performance of his or her functions under sections 29A (special report) or 29B (statutory review report).\n\n#### 10 Consultation with agencies etc.\n\n  (1) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must have regard to:\n    (a) the functions of agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, that legislation; and\n    (b) functions relating to that legislation that are conferred on a person who holds any office or appointment under a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory.\n  (2) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult with:\n    (b) the Ombudsman; or\n    (c) the Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security; or\n    (ca) the Human Rights Commissioner; or\n    (cb) the Privacy Commissioner; or\n    (cc) the head of an agency established by a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory; or\n    (d) a person mentioned in paragraph (1)(b);\n  as the Monitor considers necessary.\n\n### Division 2—Appointment of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n#### 11 Appointment\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be appointed by the Governor‑General by written instrument, on a part‑time or full‑time basis.\n  (2) Before a recommendation is made to the Governor‑General for the appointment of a person as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, the Prime Minister must consult with the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Representatives.\n  (3) A person must not be appointed as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor unless the person is, in the Governor‑General’s opinion, suitable for appointment because of the person’s qualifications, training or experience.\n  (4) A person’s appointment as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is not invalid because of a defect or irregularity in connection with the person’s appointment.\n\n#### 11A Obligation to fill vacancy as soon as practicable\n\n  As soon as practicable after the office of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor becomes vacant, a Monitor or acting Monitor must be appointed under section 11 or 20.\n\n#### 12 Term of appointment\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 3 years.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is eligible for reappointment once only.\n\n#### 13 Remuneration and allowances\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be paid such remuneration as is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration is in operation, the Monitor is to be paid such remuneration as is prescribed by the regulations.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed by the regulations.\n  (3) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.\n\n#### 14 Leave of absence\n\n  (1) A full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n  (2) The Attorney‑General may grant leave of absence, other than recreation leave, to a full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Attorney‑General determines in writing.\n  (3) The Attorney‑General may grant leave of absence to a part‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor on the terms and conditions that the Attorney‑General determines in writing.\n\n#### 15 Outside employment\n\n  (1) A full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must not engage in paid employment outside the duties of his or her office without the Attorney‑General’s written consent.\n  (2) A part‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must not engage in any paid employment that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of his or her duties without the Attorney‑General’s written consent.\n\n#### 16 Disclosure of interests to the Attorney‑General\n\n  The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give written notice to the Attorney‑General of all interests, pecuniary or otherwise, that the Monitor has or acquires and that conflict or could conflict with the proper performance of his or her functions.\n\n#### 17 Other terms and conditions\n\n  The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor holds office on such terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not provided for by this Act as are determined, in writing, by the Governor‑General.\n\n#### 17A Application of finance law\n\n  For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is an official of the Department.\n\n#### 17B Independence of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  Subject to this Act and any other Act, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) has complete discretion in performing or exercising the Monitor’s functions or powers; and\n    (b) is not subject to direction from anyone when doing so.\n\n#### 18 Resignation\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may resign by giving to the Governor‑General a signed notice of resignation.\n  (2) The resignation takes effect on the day on which it is received by the Governor‑General or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.\n\n#### 19 Termination of appointment\n\n  (1) The Governor‑General may terminate the appointment of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor for misbehaviour or physical or mental incapacity.\n  (2) The Governor‑General must terminate the appointment of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) if the Monitor:\n    (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n    (ii) applies to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n    (iii) compounds with his or her creditors; or\n    (iv) makes an assignment of his or her remuneration for the benefit of his or her creditors; or\n    (b) if the Monitor fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 16; or\n    (ba) if the Monitor is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Monitor engages, except with the Attorney‑General’s written consent, in paid employment outside the duties of his or her office;\n    (c) if the Monitor is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Monitor engages, except with the Attorney‑General’s written consent, in paid employment that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Monitor’s duties; or\n    (ca) if the Monitor is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Monitor is absent, except on leave of absence granted under subsection 14(2), for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n    (d) if the Monitor is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Monitor is absent, except on leave of absence granted under subsection 14(3), for 7 consecutive days or for 14 days in any 12 months.\n\n#### 20 Acting Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  The Attorney‑General may appoint a person to act as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) during a vacancy in the office of the Monitor (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n    (b) during a period, or during all periods, when the Monitor:\n    (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n    (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office;\n    so long as the period, or the total of all periods, is not more than 12 months.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see section 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n## Part 3—Information gathering powers\n\n#### 21 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may hold hearings\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may hold a hearing for the purposes of performing his or her functions under this Act.\n  (2) A hearing, or a part of a hearing:\n    (a) may be held in private if the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor so directs; and\n    (b) must be held in private for any time during which a person is giving evidence that discloses operationally sensitive information.\n  Otherwise, a hearing must be held in public.\n  (3) A hearing may otherwise be conducted in such a manner as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor thinks fit.\n  (4) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must ensure that a record of a hearing is made.\n  (5) A direction given under paragraph (2)(a) is not a legislative instrument.\n\n#### 22 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may summon person\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, by notice in writing, summon a person to attend a hearing at a time and place specified in the notice:\n    (a) to give evidence; or\n    (b) to produce documents or things specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: Failure to comply with a notice is an offence: see section 25.\n\n  (2) The notice must:\n    (a) be in writing and be signed by the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor; and\n    (b) be served on the person required to attend a hearing.\n  (3) A time specified in a notice must be at least 14 days after the day on which the notice is given.\n  (4) A person summoned to appear as a witness at a hearing is entitled to be paid by the Commonwealth any allowances for travelling and other expenses that are prescribed by the regulations.\n\n#### 23 Evidence on oath or by affirmation\n\n  (1) At a hearing, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may:\n    (a) require a witness to either take an oath or make an affirmation; and\n    (b) administer an oath or affirmation to the witness.\n\n> Note 1: Failure to take an oath or make an affirmation is an offence: see section 25.\n\n> Note 2: This means that a hearing is a judicial proceeding for the purposes of Part III of the Crimes Act 1914, which creates various offences in relation to judicial proceedings.\n\n  (2) The oath or affirmation is an oath or affirmation that the evidence the person will give will be true.\n  (3) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may allow a person attending a hearing who has been sworn, or who has made an affirmation, to give evidence by tendering a written statement and verifying it by oath or affirmation.\n\n#### 24 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may request production of a document or thing\n\n  (1) For the purposes of performing his or her functions under this Act, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may request, by written notice, a person:\n    (a) to give the Monitor the information referred to in the notice; or\n    (b) to produce to the Monitor the documents or things referred to in the notice.\n\n> Note: Failure to give the information, or produce the documents or things, is an offence: see section 25.\n\n  (2) The notice must:\n    (a) be in writing; and\n    (b) specify the period within which the person must comply with the notice.\n  (3) The period specified in a notice must end at least 14 days after the day on which the notice is given.\n\n#### 25 Offences\n\n  Failure to attend hearing\n  (1) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person is served with a notice to attend a hearing; and\n    (b) the person fails to attend as required by the notice.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to swear an oath, make an affirmation or answer a question\n  (2) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person is served with a notice to attend a hearing; and\n    (b) either:\n    (i) the person fails to be sworn or to make an affirmation at the hearing; or\n    (ii) the person fails to answer a question at the hearing that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor requires the person to answer.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to produce a document or thing\n  (3) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person receives a notice to produce a document or thing specified in the notice; and\n    (b) the person fails to produce the document or thing that the person was required to produce.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to provide information\n  (4) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person receives a notice to provide information specified in the notice; and\n    (b) the person fails to provide the information that the person was required to provide.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Exception—reasonable excuse\n  (5) This section does not apply if the person has a reasonable excuse.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (5) (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).\n\n  (6) It is a reasonable excuse for a person to fail to:\n    (a) answer a question; or\n    (b) produce a document or thing; or\n    (c) provide information;\n  on the ground that to do so might tend to incriminate the person or expose the person to a penalty.\n\n#### 26 No criminal or civil liability under secrecy provisions\n\n  A person who is served with a notice under section 22 or 24 does not commit an offence, and is not liable to any penalty, under a secrecy provision because the person:\n    (a) answers a question at a hearing that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor requires the person to answer; or\n    (b) provides information that the person is required to provide in accordance with the notice; or\n    (c) produces a document or thing that the person is required to produce in accordance with the notice.\n\n#### 27 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may retain documents or things\n\n  (1) Subject to section 28, if a document or thing is produced to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor in accordance with section 22 or 24, the Monitor:\n    (a) may take possession of, and make copies of, the document or thing, or take extracts from the document; and\n    (b) may retain possession of the document or thing for such period as is necessary for the performance of the Monitor’s functions under this Act.\n  (2) While the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor retains the document or thing, the Monitor must allow a person who would otherwise be entitled to possession of the document or thing, or a person authorised by that person:\n    (a) reasonable access to the document for the purposes of inspecting and making copies of, or taking extracts from, it; and\n    (b) reasonable access to the thing.\n\n#### 28 Protection of information and documents\n\n  (1) This section applies if documents having a national security classification or containing operationally sensitive information are provided by an agency to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) make arrangements with the head of the agency for the protection of those documents while they remain in the Monitor’s possession; and\n    (b) ensure that the documents are returned to the agency as soon as possible after the Monitor has examined them.\n\n## Part 4—Reporting requirements\n\n#### 29 Annual report\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report (an annual report):\n    (a) relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in paragraphs 6(1)(a) and (b), including information relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in subsection 6(1A); and\n    (b) containing such details relating to the performance of the Monitor’s function as set out in paragraph 6(1)(c) as the Monitor considers appropriate.\n  (1A) Despite paragraph (1)(a), the annual report need not include information described in that paragraph if such information is already included in a report prepared under section 29A.\n  (2) The annual report must be given to the Attorney‑General as soon as practicable after 30 June in each financial year and, in any event, by the following 31 December.\n  (2A) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that the annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the Attorney‑General, at the same time as the annual report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified annual report).\n  (3) The information specified by this subsection is information of the following kind:\n    (a) any operationally sensitive information; or\n    (b) any information that would or might prejudice:\n    (i) Australia’s national security or the conduct of Australia’s foreign relations; or\n    (ii) the performance by a law enforcement or security agency of its functions; or\n    (c) any information that, if included in the report, would or might endanger a person’s safety; or\n    (d) any information obtained from a document prepared for the purposes of a meeting of:\n    (i) the Cabinet, or of a Committee of the Cabinet, of the Commonwealth or of a State; or\n    (ii) the Australian Capital Territory Executive or of a committee of that Executive; or\n    (iii) the Executive Council of the Northern Territory or of a committee of that Executive Council; or\n    (e) any information that would disclose the deliberations or decisions of:\n    (i) the Cabinet, or of a Committee of the Cabinet, of the Commonwealth or of a State; or\n    (ii) the Australian Capital Territory Executive or of a committee of that Executive; or\n    (iii) the Executive Council of the Northern Territory or of a committee of that Executive Council.\n  (4) In determining whether an annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  (5) The Attorney‑General must cause a copy of:\n    (a) each annual report; or\n    (b) if an annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3)—the corresponding declassified annual report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which he or she receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which he or she receives the report.\n  (8) Section 34C of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 does not apply in relation to a report given to the Attorney‑General under this section.\n\n#### 29A Special report\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, from time to time, prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report (a special report) relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in paragraphs 6(1)(a) or (b).\n  (2) Before preparing the special report, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give to the Attorney‑General and Prime Minister a notice in writing:\n    (a) of his or her intention to prepare the special report; and\n    (b) providing reasons why, in the opinion of the Monitor, the special report is required.\n\n#### 29B Statutory review report\n\n  (1) This section applies if the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor completes a review of legislation the Monitor was required to conduct by law.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report relating to the performance of the review (a statutory review report).\n  (3) To avoid doubt, this section does not apply in relation to a review conducted on a referral under section 7 (references by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General).\n\n#### 29C Presenting copies of special reports and statutory review reports to the Parliament\n\n  (1) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that a special report or a statutory review report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the Attorney‑General, with the special report or statutory review report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified report).\n  (2) In determining whether a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  (3) The Attorney‑General must cause a copy of:\n    (a) unless paragraph (b) applies—the special report or statutory review report; or\n    (b) if the report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3)—the corresponding declassified report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which the Attorney‑General receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which the Attorney‑General receives the report.\n\n#### 30 Report on a reference by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General\n\n  Giving reports to referring Minister\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must report on a reference made under section 7 to the Minister who made the reference (the referring Minister).\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, before giving his or her report on a reference, give an interim report to the referring Minister on the Monitor’s work on the reference.\n  (3) The referring Minister may, before the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor gives his or her report on a reference, direct the Monitor to give an interim report to the referring Minister on the Monitor’s work on the reference.\n  Giving copies of reports to non‑referring Minister\n  (3A) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, if he or she considers it appropriate to do so, give a copy of a report under subsection (1), (2) or (3) to the Minister mentioned in section 7 who did not make the reference.\n  Declassified reports\n  (4) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that a report to the referring Minister under subsection (1) or (3) contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the referring Minister, at the same time as the report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified report).\n  (5) In determining whether a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  Presenting copies of reports to the Parliament\n  (6) The referring Minister must cause a copy of:\n    (a) a report given to the referring Minister under subsection (1) or (3); or\n    (b) if a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3)—the corresponding declassified report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which he or she receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which he or she receives the report.\n\n## Part 5—Miscellaneous\n\n#### 31 Immunity from legal action\n\n  (1) No action, suit or proceeding may be brought against a person who is, or has been, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor in relation to anything done, or omitted to be done, in good faith by the Monitor:\n    (a) in the performance, or purported performance, of his or her functions; or\n    (b) in the exercise, or purported exercise, of his or her powers.\n  (2) No action, suit or proceeding may be brought against a person who is assisting, or has assisted, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor under sections 33 or 34 in relation to anything done, or omitted to be done, in good faith by that person:\n    (a) assisting the Monitor in the performance, or purported performance, of his or her functions or duties; or\n    (b) assisting the Monitor in the exercise, or purported exercise, of his or her powers.\n\n#### 32 Regulations\n\n  The Governor‑General may make regulations prescribing matters:\n    (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or\n    (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n\n#### 33 Staff of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may be assisted by the following persons, whose services are made available to the Monitor in connection with the performance of any of the Monitor’s functions, or the exercise of the Monitor’s powers:\n    (a) APS employees in the Department whose services are made available to the Monitor by the Secretary of the Department;\n    (b) employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999);\n    (c) persons employed under the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979;\n    (d) persons employed under the Intelligence Services Act 2001;\n    (e) Parliamentary Service employees (within the meaning of the Parliamentary Service Act 1999);\n    (f) members of the Australian Defence Force.\n  (2) When performing services for the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, the persons are subject to the directions of the Monitor.\n  (3) A person referred to in subsection (1) may only assist the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor with the written consent of the Monitor, and the Monitor may, in writing, withdraw such consent at any time.\n\n#### 34 Contractors engaged by the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage persons to assist in the performance of any of the Monitor’s functions, or the exercise of the Monitor’s powers.\n  (2) The persons are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor determines in writing.\n  (3) When performing services for the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, a person engaged under subsection (1) is subject to the directions of the Monitor.\n  (4) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, in writing, delegate the Monitor’s power under subsection (1) to a member of the staff of the Monitor who is:\n    (a) classified as an Executive Level 2 or equivalent or higher; or\n    (b) acting in a position usually occupied by a person with a classification level of the kind mentioned in paragraph (a).\n  (5) In exercising the power delegated under subsection (4), the delegate is subject to the directions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Independent National Security Legislation Monitor","content":"#### 5 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  There is to be an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Functions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor","content":"#### 6 Functions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the following functions:\n    (a) to review, on his or her own initiative, the operation, effectiveness and implications of:\n    (i) Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation; and\n    (ii) any other law of the Commonwealth to the extent that it relates to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation;\n    (b) to consider, on his or her own initiative, whether any legislation mentioned in paragraph (a):\n    (i) contains appropriate safeguards for protecting the rights of individuals; and\n    (ii) remains proportionate to any threat of terrorism or threat to national security, or both; and\n    (iii) remains necessary;\n    (c) if a matter relating to counter‑terrorism or national security is referred to the Monitor by a Minister under section 7—to report on the reference;\n    (d) to assess whether Australia’s counter‑terrorism or national security legislation is being used for matters unrelated to terrorism and national security;\n    (f) to report on matters relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions, including reviews conducted by the Monitor (whether on the Monitor’s own initiative or as required by law).\n  (1A) If a matter is referred to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Committee on Intelligence and Security under section 7A, the Monitor may perform the function set out in paragraph (1)(a) or (b) in relation to the matter.\n  (1B) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must, as soon as practicable after the third anniversary of the day the National Security Legislation Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Act 2018 receives the Royal Assent, begin a review under paragraph (1)(a) of the following provisions of Chapter 5 of the Criminal Code:\n    (a) Division 82 (sabotage);\n    (b) Part 5.2 (espionage and related offences).\n  (1E) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) review the operation, effectiveness and implications of the amendments made by Schedules 1, 2 and 3 to the Surveillance Legislation Amendment (Identify and Disrupt) Act 2021; and\n    (b) commence to do so before the end of the 3‑year period beginning on the day that Act receives the Royal Assent.\n  (1F) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) review the operation, effectiveness and implications of:\n    (i) Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (which deals with citizenship cessation), as amended by Schedule 1 to the Australian Citizenship Amendment (Citizenship Repudiation) Act 2023; and\n    (ii) any other provision of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 so far as it relates to that Subdivision; and\n    (b) complete the review as soon as practicable after the end of the 3‑year period beginning on the day the amendments of that Subdivision commence.\n  (2) To avoid doubt, the following are not functions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) to review the priorities of, and use of resources by, agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation;\n    (b) to consider any individual complaints about the activities of Commonwealth agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation.\n  (3) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for or in connection with the performance of the Monitor’s functions.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General","content":"#### 7 References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General\n\n  (1) The Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General may refer a matter relating to counter‑terrorism or national security to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, either at the Monitor’s suggestion or on his or her own initiative.\n  (2) A Minister who refers a matter under subsection (1) may alter the terms of the reference.\n  (3) The Prime Minister may give the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor directions about the order in which he or she is to deal with references.","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"7A","sectionType":"section","heading":"References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Committee on Intelligence and Security","content":"#### 7A References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Committee on Intelligence and Security\n\n  (1) The Committee on Intelligence and Security may refer to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor a matter that the Committee:\n    (a) becomes aware of in the course of performing its functions under subsection 29(1) of the Intelligence Services Act 2001; and\n    (b) considers should be referred to the Monitor.\n  (2) It is a function of the Committee on Intelligence and Security to refer the matter to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regard to be had to international obligations and constitutional arrangements","content":"#### 8 Regard to be had to international obligations and constitutional arrangements\n\n  When performing the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s functions, the Monitor must have regard to:\n    (a) Australia’s obligations under international agreements (as in force from time to time), including:\n    (i) human rights obligations; and\n    (ii) counter‑terrorism obligations; and\n    (iii) international security obligations; and\n    (b) arrangements agreed from time to time between the Commonwealth, the States and the Territories to ensure a national approach to countering terrorism.","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Emphasis to be given to counter‑terrorism and national security legislation that has been applied or considered recently","content":"#### 9 Emphasis to be given to counter‑terrorism and national security legislation that has been applied or considered recently\n\n  (1) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation in a particular financial year, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give particular emphasis to provisions of that legislation that have been applied, considered or purportedly applied by employees of agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, that legislation during that financial year or the immediately preceding financial year.\n  (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s performance of his or her functions under sections 29A (special report) or 29B (statutory review report).","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Consultation with agencies etc.","content":"#### 10 Consultation with agencies etc.\n\n  (1) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must have regard to:\n    (a) the functions of agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, that legislation; and\n    (b) functions relating to that legislation that are conferred on a person who holds any office or appointment under a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory.\n  (2) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult with:\n    (b) the Ombudsman; or\n    (c) the Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security; or\n    (ca) the Human Rights Commissioner; or\n    (cb) the Privacy Commissioner; or\n    (cc) the head of an agency established by a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory; or\n    (d) a person mentioned in paragraph (1)(b);\n  as the Monitor considers necessary.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"Division 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Appointment of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor","content":"An Act to provide for the appointment of an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, and for related purposes\n\n## Part 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor Act 2010.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act commences on the day after it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Object\n\n  The object of this Act is to appoint an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor who will assist Ministers in ensuring that Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation:\n    (a) is effective in deterring and preventing terrorism, terrorism‑related activity and threats to Australia’s security; and\n    (b) is effective in responding to terrorism, terrorism‑related activity and threats to Australia’s security; and\n    (c) is consistent with Australia’s international obligations, including:\n    (i) human rights obligations; and\n    (ii) counter‑terrorism obligations; and\n    (iii) international security obligations; and\n    (d) contains appropriate safeguards for protecting the rights of individuals.\n\n#### 4 Definitions\n\n  In this Act:\n\n> agency within the national intelligence community has the same meaning as in the Office of National Intelligence Act 2018.\n\n> Committee on Intelligence and Security means the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security established under the Intelligence Services Act 2001.\n\n> counter‑terrorism and national security legislation has the meaning given by section 4A.\n\n> Defence Department means the Department of State that deals with defence and that is administered by the Minister administering section 1 of the Defence Act 1903.\n\n> head means:\n\n    (a) in relation to the Australian Federal Police—the Commissioner of Police; or\n    (b) in relation to the Australian Crime Commission—the Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Crime Commission; or\n    (d) in relation to the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation—the Director‑General of Security; or\n    (e) in relation to the Australian Secret Intelligence Service—the Director‑General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service; or\n    (ea) in relation to the Australian Signals Directorate—the Director‑General of the Australian Signals Directorate; or\n    (f) in relation to the part of the Defence Department known as the Australian Geospatial‑Intelligence Organisation—the Director of that part of the Department; or\n    (g) in relation to the part of the Defence Department known as the Defence Intelligence Organisation—the Director of that part of the Department; or\n    (i) in relation to any other part of the Defence Department—the Chief of the Defence Force and the Secretary of the Department; or\n    (j) in relation to the Office of National Intelligence—the Director‑General of National Intelligence; or\n    (k) in relation to any other Commonwealth government agency:\n    (i) in the case of a Department of the Commonwealth—the Secretary of the Department; or\n    (ii) in the case of a body established for a public purpose—the person holding, or performing the duties of, the principal office in respect of the body; or\n    (l) in relation to a State or Territory government agency—the person holding, or performing the duties of, the principal office in respect of the agency.\n\n> Immigration and Border Protection Department means the Department administered by the Minister administering the Australian Border Force Act 2015.\n\n> Independent National Security Legislation Monitor means the person appointed in accordance with section 11.\n\n> law enforcement or security agency means any of the following agencies:\n\n    (a) the Australian Federal Police;\n    (b) the Australian Crime Commission;\n    (c) the Immigration and Border Protection Department;\n    (d) the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation;\n    (e) the Australian Secret Intelligence Service;\n    (ea) the Australian Signals Directorate;\n    (f) the Australian Defence Force;\n    (g) the part of the Defence Department known as the Australian Geospatial‑Intelligence Organisation;\n    (h) the part of the Defence Department known as the Defence Intelligence Organisation;\n    (j) the Office of National Intelligence;\n    (k) the police force of a State or Territory;\n    (l) any other agency prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this definition.\n\n> operationally sensitive information means:\n\n    (a) information about information sources or operational activities or methods available to a law enforcement or security agency; or\n    (b) information about particular operations that have been, are being or are proposed to be undertaken by a law enforcement or security agency, or about proceedings relating to those operations; or\n    (c) information provided by a foreign government, or by an agency of a foreign government, where that government does not consent to the public disclosure of the information.\n\n> responsible Minister, in relation to a review of a matter, means the Minister (including a State or Territory Minister) responsible for the agency concerned in relation to the matter.\n\n> secrecy provision means:\n\n    (a) a provision of a law of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, being a provision that purports to prohibit; or\n    (b) anything done, under a provision of a law of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory, to prohibit;\n  the communication, divulging or publication of information, the production of, or the publication of the contents of, a document, or the production of a thing.\n\n> special report has the meaning given by subsection 29A(1).\n\n> statutory review report has the meaning given by subsection 29B(2).\n\n#### 4A Meaning of counter‑terrorism and national security legislation\n\n  (1) Counter‑terrorism and national security legislation means:\n    (a) laws of the Commonwealth that relate to counter‑terrorism or national security; and\n    (b) laws of the Commonwealth to the extent that they relate to counter‑terrorism or national security.\n  (2) Counter‑terrorism and national security legislation includes the following:\n    (a) the Intelligence Services Act 2001;\n    (b) the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979;\n    (c) the Office of National Intelligence Act 2018;\n    (d) the Telecommunications Act 1997, the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 and the Surveillance Devices Act 2004 to the extent that they relate to the exercise of powers by an agency within the national intelligence community;\n    (e) Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (citizenship cessation) and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Subdivision;\n    (f) Part 4 of the Charter of the United Nations Act 1945 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (g) the following provisions of the Crimes Act 1914:\n    (i) Division 3A of Part IAA and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Division;\n    (ii) sections 15AA and 19AG and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to those sections;\n    (iii) Part IC, to the extent that the provisions of that Part relate to the investigation of terrorism offences (within the meaning of that Act), and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (h) Chapter 5 of the Criminal Code and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Chapter;\n    (j) Part IIIAAA of the Defence Act 1903 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (k) the National Security Information (Criminal and Civil Proceedings) Act 2004;\n    (l) Part 2 of the Counter‑Terrorism (Temporary Exclusion Orders) Act 2019 and any other provision of that Act as far as it relates to that Part;\n    (m) a law, or a provision of a law, of the Commonwealth prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this paragraph.\n  (3) To avoid doubt, subsection (2) does not limit subsection (1).\n\n## Part 2—Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n### Division 1—Establishment, functions and powers of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n#### 5 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  There is to be an Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n\n#### 6 Functions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the following functions:\n    (a) to review, on his or her own initiative, the operation, effectiveness and implications of:\n    (i) Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation; and\n    (ii) any other law of the Commonwealth to the extent that it relates to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation;\n    (b) to consider, on his or her own initiative, whether any legislation mentioned in paragraph (a):\n    (i) contains appropriate safeguards for protecting the rights of individuals; and\n    (ii) remains proportionate to any threat of terrorism or threat to national security, or both; and\n    (iii) remains necessary;\n    (c) if a matter relating to counter‑terrorism or national security is referred to the Monitor by a Minister under section 7—to report on the reference;\n    (d) to assess whether Australia’s counter‑terrorism or national security legislation is being used for matters unrelated to terrorism and national security;\n    (f) to report on matters relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions, including reviews conducted by the Monitor (whether on the Monitor’s own initiative or as required by law).\n  (1A) If a matter is referred to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Committee on Intelligence and Security under section 7A, the Monitor may perform the function set out in paragraph (1)(a) or (b) in relation to the matter.\n  (1B) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must, as soon as practicable after the third anniversary of the day the National Security Legislation Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Act 2018 receives the Royal Assent, begin a review under paragraph (1)(a) of the following provisions of Chapter 5 of the Criminal Code:\n    (a) Division 82 (sabotage);\n    (b) Part 5.2 (espionage and related offences).\n  (1E) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) review the operation, effectiveness and implications of the amendments made by Schedules 1, 2 and 3 to the Surveillance Legislation Amendment (Identify and Disrupt) Act 2021; and\n    (b) commence to do so before the end of the 3‑year period beginning on the day that Act receives the Royal Assent.\n  (1F) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) review the operation, effectiveness and implications of:\n    (i) Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (which deals with citizenship cessation), as amended by Schedule 1 to the Australian Citizenship Amendment (Citizenship Repudiation) Act 2023; and\n    (ii) any other provision of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 so far as it relates to that Subdivision; and\n    (b) complete the review as soon as practicable after the end of the 3‑year period beginning on the day the amendments of that Subdivision commence.\n  (2) To avoid doubt, the following are not functions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) to review the priorities of, and use of resources by, agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation;\n    (b) to consider any individual complaints about the activities of Commonwealth agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation.\n  (3) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the power to do all things necessary or convenient to be done for or in connection with the performance of the Monitor’s functions.\n\n#### 7 References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General\n\n  (1) The Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General may refer a matter relating to counter‑terrorism or national security to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, either at the Monitor’s suggestion or on his or her own initiative.\n  (2) A Minister who refers a matter under subsection (1) may alter the terms of the reference.\n  (3) The Prime Minister may give the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor directions about the order in which he or she is to deal with references.\n\n#### 7A References to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor by the Committee on Intelligence and Security\n\n  (1) The Committee on Intelligence and Security may refer to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor a matter that the Committee:\n    (a) becomes aware of in the course of performing its functions under subsection 29(1) of the Intelligence Services Act 2001; and\n    (b) considers should be referred to the Monitor.\n  (2) It is a function of the Committee on Intelligence and Security to refer the matter to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n\n#### 8 Regard to be had to international obligations and constitutional arrangements\n\n  When performing the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s functions, the Monitor must have regard to:\n    (a) Australia’s obligations under international agreements (as in force from time to time), including:\n    (i) human rights obligations; and\n    (ii) counter‑terrorism obligations; and\n    (iii) international security obligations; and\n    (b) arrangements agreed from time to time between the Commonwealth, the States and the Territories to ensure a national approach to countering terrorism.\n\n#### 9 Emphasis to be given to counter‑terrorism and national security legislation that has been applied or considered recently\n\n  (1) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation in a particular financial year, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give particular emphasis to provisions of that legislation that have been applied, considered or purportedly applied by employees of agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, that legislation during that financial year or the immediately preceding financial year.\n  (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s performance of his or her functions under sections 29A (special report) or 29B (statutory review report).\n\n#### 10 Consultation with agencies etc.\n\n  (1) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must have regard to:\n    (a) the functions of agencies that have functions relating to, or are involved in the implementation of, that legislation; and\n    (b) functions relating to that legislation that are conferred on a person who holds any office or appointment under a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory.\n  (2) When performing functions relating to Australia’s counter‑terrorism and national security legislation, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult with:\n    (b) the Ombudsman; or\n    (c) the Inspector‑General of Intelligence and Security; or\n    (ca) the Human Rights Commissioner; or\n    (cb) the Privacy Commissioner; or\n    (cc) the head of an agency established by a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory; or\n    (d) a person mentioned in paragraph (1)(b);\n  as the Monitor considers necessary.\n\n### Division 2—Appointment of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n#### 11 Appointment\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be appointed by the Governor‑General by written instrument, on a part‑time or full‑time basis.\n  (2) Before a recommendation is made to the Governor‑General for the appointment of a person as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, the Prime Minister must consult with the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Representatives.\n  (3) A person must not be appointed as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor unless the person is, in the Governor‑General’s opinion, suitable for appointment because of the person’s qualifications, training or experience.\n  (4) A person’s appointment as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is not invalid because of a defect or irregularity in connection with the person’s appointment.\n\n#### 11A Obligation to fill vacancy as soon as practicable\n\n  As soon as practicable after the office of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor becomes vacant, a Monitor or acting Monitor must be appointed under section 11 or 20.\n\n#### 12 Term of appointment\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 3 years.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is eligible for reappointment once only.\n\n#### 13 Remuneration and allowances\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be paid such remuneration as is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration is in operation, the Monitor is to be paid such remuneration as is prescribed by the regulations.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed by the regulations.\n  (3) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.\n\n#### 14 Leave of absence\n\n  (1) A full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n  (2) The Attorney‑General may grant leave of absence, other than recreation leave, to a full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Attorney‑General determines in writing.\n  (3) The Attorney‑General may grant leave of absence to a part‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor on the terms and conditions that the Attorney‑General determines in writing.\n\n#### 15 Outside employment\n\n  (1) A full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must not engage in paid employment outside the duties of his or her office without the Attorney‑General’s written consent.\n  (2) A part‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must not engage in any paid employment that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of his or her duties without the Attorney‑General’s written consent.\n\n#### 16 Disclosure of interests to the Attorney‑General\n\n  The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give written notice to the Attorney‑General of all interests, pecuniary or otherwise, that the Monitor has or acquires and that conflict or could conflict with the proper performance of his or her functions.\n\n#### 17 Other terms and conditions\n\n  The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor holds office on such terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not provided for by this Act as are determined, in writing, by the Governor‑General.\n\n#### 17A Application of finance law\n\n  For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is an official of the Department.\n\n#### 17B Independence of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  Subject to this Act and any other Act, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) has complete discretion in performing or exercising the Monitor’s functions or powers; and\n    (b) is not subject to direction from anyone when doing so.\n\n#### 18 Resignation\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may resign by giving to the Governor‑General a signed notice of resignation.\n  (2) The resignation takes effect on the day on which it is received by the Governor‑General or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.\n\n#### 19 Termination of appointment\n\n  (1) The Governor‑General may terminate the appointment of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor for misbehaviour or physical or mental incapacity.\n  (2) The Governor‑General must terminate the appointment of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) if the Monitor:\n    (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n    (ii) applies to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n    (iii) compounds with his or her creditors; or\n    (iv) makes an assignment of his or her remuneration for the benefit of his or her creditors; or\n    (b) if the Monitor fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 16; or\n    (ba) if the Monitor is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Monitor engages, except with the Attorney‑General’s written consent, in paid employment outside the duties of his or her office;\n    (c) if the Monitor is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Monitor engages, except with the Attorney‑General’s written consent, in paid employment that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Monitor’s duties; or\n    (ca) if the Monitor is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Monitor is absent, except on leave of absence granted under subsection 14(2), for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n    (d) if the Monitor is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Monitor is absent, except on leave of absence granted under subsection 14(3), for 7 consecutive days or for 14 days in any 12 months.\n\n#### 20 Acting Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  The Attorney‑General may appoint a person to act as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) during a vacancy in the office of the Monitor (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n    (b) during a period, or during all periods, when the Monitor:\n    (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n    (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office;\n    so long as the period, or the total of all periods, is not more than 12 months.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see section 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.\n\n## Part 3—Information gathering powers\n\n#### 21 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may hold hearings\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may hold a hearing for the purposes of performing his or her functions under this Act.\n  (2) A hearing, or a part of a hearing:\n    (a) may be held in private if the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor so directs; and\n    (b) must be held in private for any time during which a person is giving evidence that discloses operationally sensitive information.\n  Otherwise, a hearing must be held in public.\n  (3) A hearing may otherwise be conducted in such a manner as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor thinks fit.\n  (4) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must ensure that a record of a hearing is made.\n  (5) A direction given under paragraph (2)(a) is not a legislative instrument.\n\n#### 22 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may summon person\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, by notice in writing, summon a person to attend a hearing at a time and place specified in the notice:\n    (a) to give evidence; or\n    (b) to produce documents or things specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: Failure to comply with a notice is an offence: see section 25.\n\n  (2) The notice must:\n    (a) be in writing and be signed by the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor; and\n    (b) be served on the person required to attend a hearing.\n  (3) A time specified in a notice must be at least 14 days after the day on which the notice is given.\n  (4) A person summoned to appear as a witness at a hearing is entitled to be paid by the Commonwealth any allowances for travelling and other expenses that are prescribed by the regulations.\n\n#### 23 Evidence on oath or by affirmation\n\n  (1) At a hearing, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may:\n    (a) require a witness to either take an oath or make an affirmation; and\n    (b) administer an oath or affirmation to the witness.\n\n> Note 1: Failure to take an oath or make an affirmation is an offence: see section 25.\n\n> Note 2: This means that a hearing is a judicial proceeding for the purposes of Part III of the Crimes Act 1914, which creates various offences in relation to judicial proceedings.\n\n  (2) The oath or affirmation is an oath or affirmation that the evidence the person will give will be true.\n  (3) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may allow a person attending a hearing who has been sworn, or who has made an affirmation, to give evidence by tendering a written statement and verifying it by oath or affirmation.\n\n#### 24 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may request production of a document or thing\n\n  (1) For the purposes of performing his or her functions under this Act, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may request, by written notice, a person:\n    (a) to give the Monitor the information referred to in the notice; or\n    (b) to produce to the Monitor the documents or things referred to in the notice.\n\n> Note: Failure to give the information, or produce the documents or things, is an offence: see section 25.\n\n  (2) The notice must:\n    (a) be in writing; and\n    (b) specify the period within which the person must comply with the notice.\n  (3) The period specified in a notice must end at least 14 days after the day on which the notice is given.\n\n#### 25 Offences\n\n  Failure to attend hearing\n  (1) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person is served with a notice to attend a hearing; and\n    (b) the person fails to attend as required by the notice.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to swear an oath, make an affirmation or answer a question\n  (2) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person is served with a notice to attend a hearing; and\n    (b) either:\n    (i) the person fails to be sworn or to make an affirmation at the hearing; or\n    (ii) the person fails to answer a question at the hearing that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor requires the person to answer.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to produce a document or thing\n  (3) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person receives a notice to produce a document or thing specified in the notice; and\n    (b) the person fails to produce the document or thing that the person was required to produce.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to provide information\n  (4) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person receives a notice to provide information specified in the notice; and\n    (b) the person fails to provide the information that the person was required to provide.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Exception—reasonable excuse\n  (5) This section does not apply if the person has a reasonable excuse.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (5) (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).\n\n  (6) It is a reasonable excuse for a person to fail to:\n    (a) answer a question; or\n    (b) produce a document or thing; or\n    (c) provide information;\n  on the ground that to do so might tend to incriminate the person or expose the person to a penalty.\n\n#### 26 No criminal or civil liability under secrecy provisions\n\n  A person who is served with a notice under section 22 or 24 does not commit an offence, and is not liable to any penalty, under a secrecy provision because the person:\n    (a) answers a question at a hearing that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor requires the person to answer; or\n    (b) provides information that the person is required to provide in accordance with the notice; or\n    (c) produces a document or thing that the person is required to produce in accordance with the notice.\n\n#### 27 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may retain documents or things\n\n  (1) Subject to section 28, if a document or thing is produced to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor in accordance with section 22 or 24, the Monitor:\n    (a) may take possession of, and make copies of, the document or thing, or take extracts from the document; and\n    (b) may retain possession of the document or thing for such period as is necessary for the performance of the Monitor’s functions under this Act.\n  (2) While the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor retains the document or thing, the Monitor must allow a person who would otherwise be entitled to possession of the document or thing, or a person authorised by that person:\n    (a) reasonable access to the document for the purposes of inspecting and making copies of, or taking extracts from, it; and\n    (b) reasonable access to the thing.\n\n#### 28 Protection of information and documents\n\n  (1) This section applies if documents having a national security classification or containing operationally sensitive information are provided by an agency to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) make arrangements with the head of the agency for the protection of those documents while they remain in the Monitor’s possession; and\n    (b) ensure that the documents are returned to the agency as soon as possible after the Monitor has examined them.\n\n## Part 4—Reporting requirements\n\n#### 29 Annual report\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report (an annual report):\n    (a) relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in paragraphs 6(1)(a) and (b), including information relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in subsection 6(1A); and\n    (b) containing such details relating to the performance of the Monitor’s function as set out in paragraph 6(1)(c) as the Monitor considers appropriate.\n  (1A) Despite paragraph (1)(a), the annual report need not include information described in that paragraph if such information is already included in a report prepared under section 29A.\n  (2) The annual report must be given to the Attorney‑General as soon as practicable after 30 June in each financial year and, in any event, by the following 31 December.\n  (2A) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that the annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the Attorney‑General, at the same time as the annual report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified annual report).\n  (3) The information specified by this subsection is information of the following kind:\n    (a) any operationally sensitive information; or\n    (b) any information that would or might prejudice:\n    (i) Australia’s national security or the conduct of Australia’s foreign relations; or\n    (ii) the performance by a law enforcement or security agency of its functions; or\n    (c) any information that, if included in the report, would or might endanger a person’s safety; or\n    (d) any information obtained from a document prepared for the purposes of a meeting of:\n    (i) the Cabinet, or of a Committee of the Cabinet, of the Commonwealth or of a State; or\n    (ii) the Australian Capital Territory Executive or of a committee of that Executive; or\n    (iii) the Executive Council of the Northern Territory or of a committee of that Executive Council; or\n    (e) any information that would disclose the deliberations or decisions of:\n    (i) the Cabinet, or of a Committee of the Cabinet, of the Commonwealth or of a State; or\n    (ii) the Australian Capital Territory Executive or of a committee of that Executive; or\n    (iii) the Executive Council of the Northern Territory or of a committee of that Executive Council.\n  (4) In determining whether an annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  (5) The Attorney‑General must cause a copy of:\n    (a) each annual report; or\n    (b) if an annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3)—the corresponding declassified annual report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which he or she receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which he or she receives the report.\n  (8) Section 34C of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 does not apply in relation to a report given to the Attorney‑General under this section.\n\n#### 29A Special report\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, from time to time, prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report (a special report) relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in paragraphs 6(1)(a) or (b).\n  (2) Before preparing the special report, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give to the Attorney‑General and Prime Minister a notice in writing:\n    (a) of his or her intention to prepare the special report; and\n    (b) providing reasons why, in the opinion of the Monitor, the special report is required.\n\n#### 29B Statutory review report\n\n  (1) This section applies if the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor completes a review of legislation the Monitor was required to conduct by law.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report relating to the performance of the review (a statutory review report).\n  (3) To avoid doubt, this section does not apply in relation to a review conducted on a referral under section 7 (references by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General).\n\n#### 29C Presenting copies of special reports and statutory review reports to the Parliament\n\n  (1) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that a special report or a statutory review report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the Attorney‑General, with the special report or statutory review report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified report).\n  (2) In determining whether a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  (3) The Attorney‑General must cause a copy of:\n    (a) unless paragraph (b) applies—the special report or statutory review report; or\n    (b) if the report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3)—the corresponding declassified report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which the Attorney‑General receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which the Attorney‑General receives the report.\n\n#### 30 Report on a reference by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General\n\n  Giving reports to referring Minister\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must report on a reference made under section 7 to the Minister who made the reference (the referring Minister).\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, before giving his or her report on a reference, give an interim report to the referring Minister on the Monitor’s work on the reference.\n  (3) The referring Minister may, before the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor gives his or her report on a reference, direct the Monitor to give an interim report to the referring Minister on the Monitor’s work on the reference.\n  Giving copies of reports to non‑referring Minister\n  (3A) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, if he or she considers it appropriate to do so, give a copy of a report under subsection (1), (2) or (3) to the Minister mentioned in section 7 who did not make the reference.\n  Declassified reports\n  (4) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that a report to the referring Minister under subsection (1) or (3) contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the referring Minister, at the same time as the report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified report).\n  (5) In determining whether a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  Presenting copies of reports to the Parliament\n  (6) The referring Minister must cause a copy of:\n    (a) a report given to the referring Minister under subsection (1) or (3); or\n    (b) if a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3)—the corresponding declassified report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which he or she receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which he or she receives the report.\n\n## Part 5—Miscellaneous\n\n#### 31 Immunity from legal action\n\n  (1) No action, suit or proceeding may be brought against a person who is, or has been, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor in relation to anything done, or omitted to be done, in good faith by the Monitor:\n    (a) in the performance, or purported performance, of his or her functions; or\n    (b) in the exercise, or purported exercise, of his or her powers.\n  (2) No action, suit or proceeding may be brought against a person who is assisting, or has assisted, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor under sections 33 or 34 in relation to anything done, or omitted to be done, in good faith by that person:\n    (a) assisting the Monitor in the performance, or purported performance, of his or her functions or duties; or\n    (b) assisting the Monitor in the exercise, or purported exercise, of his or her powers.\n\n#### 32 Regulations\n\n  The Governor‑General may make regulations prescribing matters:\n    (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or\n    (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n\n#### 33 Staff of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may be assisted by the following persons, whose services are made available to the Monitor in connection with the performance of any of the Monitor’s functions, or the exercise of the Monitor’s powers:\n    (a) APS employees in the Department whose services are made available to the Monitor by the Secretary of the Department;\n    (b) employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999);\n    (c) persons employed under the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979;\n    (d) persons employed under the Intelligence Services Act 2001;\n    (e) Parliamentary Service employees (within the meaning of the Parliamentary Service Act 1999);\n    (f) members of the Australian Defence Force.\n  (2) When performing services for the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, the persons are subject to the directions of the Monitor.\n  (3) A person referred to in subsection (1) may only assist the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor with the written consent of the Monitor, and the Monitor may, in writing, withdraw such consent at any time.\n\n#### 34 Contractors engaged by the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage persons to assist in the performance of any of the Monitor’s functions, or the exercise of the Monitor’s powers.\n  (2) The persons are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor determines in writing.\n  (3) When performing services for the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, a person engaged under subsection (1) is subject to the directions of the Monitor.\n  (4) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, in writing, delegate the Monitor’s power under subsection (1) to a member of the staff of the Monitor who is:\n    (a) classified as an Executive Level 2 or equivalent or higher; or\n    (b) acting in a position usually occupied by a person with a classification level of the kind mentioned in paragraph (a).\n  (5) In exercising the power delegated under subsection (4), the delegate is subject to the directions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Appointment","content":"#### 11 Appointment\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be appointed by the Governor‑General by written instrument, on a part‑time or full‑time basis.\n  (2) Before a recommendation is made to the Governor‑General for the appointment of a person as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, the Prime Minister must consult with the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Representatives.\n  (3) A person must not be appointed as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor unless the person is, in the Governor‑General’s opinion, suitable for appointment because of the person’s qualifications, training or experience.\n  (4) A person’s appointment as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is not invalid because of a defect or irregularity in connection with the person’s appointment.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"11A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Obligation to fill vacancy as soon as practicable","content":"#### 11A Obligation to fill vacancy as soon as practicable\n\n  As soon as practicable after the office of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor becomes vacant, a Monitor or acting Monitor must be appointed under section 11 or 20.","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Term of appointment","content":"#### 12 Term of appointment\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor holds office for the period specified in the instrument of appointment. The period must not exceed 3 years.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is eligible for reappointment once only.","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Remuneration and allowances","content":"#### 13 Remuneration and allowances\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be paid such remuneration as is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal. If no determination of that remuneration is in operation, the Monitor is to be paid such remuneration as is prescribed by the regulations.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is to be paid the allowances that are prescribed by the regulations.\n  (3) This section has effect subject to the Remuneration Tribunal Act 1973.","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Leave of absence","content":"#### 14 Leave of absence\n\n  (1) A full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor has the recreation leave entitlements that are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal.\n  (2) The Attorney‑General may grant leave of absence, other than recreation leave, to a full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor on the terms and conditions as to remuneration or otherwise that the Attorney‑General determines in writing.\n  (3) The Attorney‑General may grant leave of absence to a part‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor on the terms and conditions that the Attorney‑General determines in writing.","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Outside employment","content":"#### 15 Outside employment\n\n  (1) A full‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must not engage in paid employment outside the duties of his or her office without the Attorney‑General’s written consent.\n  (2) A part‑time Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must not engage in any paid employment that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of his or her duties without the Attorney‑General’s written consent.","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Disclosure of interests to the Attorney‑General","content":"#### 16 Disclosure of interests to the Attorney‑General\n\n  The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give written notice to the Attorney‑General of all interests, pecuniary or otherwise, that the Monitor has or acquires and that conflict or could conflict with the proper performance of his or her functions.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Other terms and conditions","content":"#### 17 Other terms and conditions\n\n  The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor holds office on such terms and conditions (if any) in relation to matters not provided for by this Act as are determined, in writing, by the Governor‑General.","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"17A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application of finance law","content":"#### 17A Application of finance law\n\n  For the purposes of the finance law (within the meaning of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor is an official of the Department.","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"17B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Independence of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor","content":"#### 17B Independence of Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  Subject to this Act and any other Act, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) has complete discretion in performing or exercising the Monitor’s functions or powers; and\n    (b) is not subject to direction from anyone when doing so.","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Resignation","content":"#### 18 Resignation\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may resign by giving to the Governor‑General a signed notice of resignation.\n  (2) The resignation takes effect on the day on which it is received by the Governor‑General or, if a later day is specified in the resignation, on that later day.","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Termination of appointment","content":"#### 19 Termination of appointment\n\n  (1) The Governor‑General may terminate the appointment of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor for misbehaviour or physical or mental incapacity.\n  (2) The Governor‑General must terminate the appointment of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) if the Monitor:\n    (i) becomes bankrupt; or\n    (ii) applies to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors; or\n    (iii) compounds with his or her creditors; or\n    (iv) makes an assignment of his or her remuneration for the benefit of his or her creditors; or\n    (b) if the Monitor fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with section 16; or\n    (ba) if the Monitor is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Monitor engages, except with the Attorney‑General’s written consent, in paid employment outside the duties of his or her office;\n    (c) if the Monitor is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Monitor engages, except with the Attorney‑General’s written consent, in paid employment that conflicts or may conflict with the proper performance of the Monitor’s duties; or\n    (ca) if the Monitor is appointed on a full‑time basis—the Monitor is absent, except on leave of absence granted under subsection 14(2), for 14 consecutive days or for 28 days in any 12 months; or\n    (d) if the Monitor is appointed on a part‑time basis—the Monitor is absent, except on leave of absence granted under subsection 14(3), for 7 consecutive days or for 14 days in any 12 months.","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Acting Independent National Security Legislation Monitor","content":"#### 20 Acting Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  The Attorney‑General may appoint a person to act as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor:\n    (a) during a vacancy in the office of the Monitor (whether or not an appointment has previously been made to the office); or\n    (b) during a period, or during all periods, when the Monitor:\n    (i) is absent from duty or from Australia; or\n    (ii) is, for any reason, unable to perform the duties of the office;\n    so long as the period, or the total of all periods, is not more than 12 months.\n\n> Note: For rules that apply to acting appointments, see section 33A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Information gathering powers","content":"## Part 3—Information gathering powers","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may hold hearings","content":"#### 21 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may hold hearings\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may hold a hearing for the purposes of performing his or her functions under this Act.\n  (2) A hearing, or a part of a hearing:\n    (a) may be held in private if the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor so directs; and\n    (b) must be held in private for any time during which a person is giving evidence that discloses operationally sensitive information.\n  Otherwise, a hearing must be held in public.\n  (3) A hearing may otherwise be conducted in such a manner as the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor thinks fit.\n  (4) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must ensure that a record of a hearing is made.\n  (5) A direction given under paragraph (2)(a) is not a legislative instrument.","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may summon person","content":"#### 22 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may summon person\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, by notice in writing, summon a person to attend a hearing at a time and place specified in the notice:\n    (a) to give evidence; or\n    (b) to produce documents or things specified in the notice.\n\n> Note: Failure to comply with a notice is an offence: see section 25.\n\n  (2) The notice must:\n    (a) be in writing and be signed by the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor; and\n    (b) be served on the person required to attend a hearing.\n  (3) A time specified in a notice must be at least 14 days after the day on which the notice is given.\n  (4) A person summoned to appear as a witness at a hearing is entitled to be paid by the Commonwealth any allowances for travelling and other expenses that are prescribed by the regulations.","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Evidence on oath or by affirmation","content":"#### 23 Evidence on oath or by affirmation\n\n  (1) At a hearing, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may:\n    (a) require a witness to either take an oath or make an affirmation; and\n    (b) administer an oath or affirmation to the witness.\n\n> Note 1: Failure to take an oath or make an affirmation is an offence: see section 25.\n\n> Note 2: This means that a hearing is a judicial proceeding for the purposes of Part III of the Crimes Act 1914, which creates various offences in relation to judicial proceedings.\n\n  (2) The oath or affirmation is an oath or affirmation that the evidence the person will give will be true.\n  (3) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may allow a person attending a hearing who has been sworn, or who has made an affirmation, to give evidence by tendering a written statement and verifying it by oath or affirmation.","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may request production of a document or thing","content":"#### 24 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may request production of a document or thing\n\n  (1) For the purposes of performing his or her functions under this Act, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may request, by written notice, a person:\n    (a) to give the Monitor the information referred to in the notice; or\n    (b) to produce to the Monitor the documents or things referred to in the notice.\n\n> Note: Failure to give the information, or produce the documents or things, is an offence: see section 25.\n\n  (2) The notice must:\n    (a) be in writing; and\n    (b) specify the period within which the person must comply with the notice.\n  (3) The period specified in a notice must end at least 14 days after the day on which the notice is given.","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Offences","content":"#### 25 Offences\n\n  Failure to attend hearing\n  (1) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person is served with a notice to attend a hearing; and\n    (b) the person fails to attend as required by the notice.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to swear an oath, make an affirmation or answer a question\n  (2) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person is served with a notice to attend a hearing; and\n    (b) either:\n    (i) the person fails to be sworn or to make an affirmation at the hearing; or\n    (ii) the person fails to answer a question at the hearing that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor requires the person to answer.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to produce a document or thing\n  (3) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person receives a notice to produce a document or thing specified in the notice; and\n    (b) the person fails to produce the document or thing that the person was required to produce.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Failure to provide information\n  (4) A person commits an offence if:\n    (a) the person receives a notice to provide information specified in the notice; and\n    (b) the person fails to provide the information that the person was required to provide.\n\nPenalty: Imprisonment for 6 months or 30 penalty units, or both.\n\n  Exception—reasonable excuse\n  (5) This section does not apply if the person has a reasonable excuse.\n\n> Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (5) (see subsection 13.3(3) of the Criminal Code).\n\n  (6) It is a reasonable excuse for a person to fail to:\n    (a) answer a question; or\n    (b) produce a document or thing; or\n    (c) provide information;\n  on the ground that to do so might tend to incriminate the person or expose the person to a penalty.","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"26","sectionType":"section","heading":"No criminal or civil liability under secrecy provisions","content":"#### 26 No criminal or civil liability under secrecy provisions\n\n  A person who is served with a notice under section 22 or 24 does not commit an offence, and is not liable to any penalty, under a secrecy provision because the person:\n    (a) answers a question at a hearing that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor requires the person to answer; or\n    (b) provides information that the person is required to provide in accordance with the notice; or\n    (c) produces a document or thing that the person is required to produce in accordance with the notice.","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may retain documents or things","content":"#### 27 Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may retain documents or things\n\n  (1) Subject to section 28, if a document or thing is produced to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor in accordance with section 22 or 24, the Monitor:\n    (a) may take possession of, and make copies of, the document or thing, or take extracts from the document; and\n    (b) may retain possession of the document or thing for such period as is necessary for the performance of the Monitor’s functions under this Act.\n  (2) While the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor retains the document or thing, the Monitor must allow a person who would otherwise be entitled to possession of the document or thing, or a person authorised by that person:\n    (a) reasonable access to the document for the purposes of inspecting and making copies of, or taking extracts from, it; and\n    (b) reasonable access to the thing.","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Protection of information and documents","content":"#### 28 Protection of information and documents\n\n  (1) This section applies if documents having a national security classification or containing operationally sensitive information are provided by an agency to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must:\n    (a) make arrangements with the head of the agency for the protection of those documents while they remain in the Monitor’s possession; and\n    (b) ensure that the documents are returned to the agency as soon as possible after the Monitor has examined them.","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Reporting requirements","content":"## Part 4—Reporting requirements","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"29","sectionType":"section","heading":"Annual report","content":"#### 29 Annual report\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report (an annual report):\n    (a) relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in paragraphs 6(1)(a) and (b), including information relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in subsection 6(1A); and\n    (b) containing such details relating to the performance of the Monitor’s function as set out in paragraph 6(1)(c) as the Monitor considers appropriate.\n  (1A) Despite paragraph (1)(a), the annual report need not include information described in that paragraph if such information is already included in a report prepared under section 29A.\n  (2) The annual report must be given to the Attorney‑General as soon as practicable after 30 June in each financial year and, in any event, by the following 31 December.\n  (2A) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that the annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the Attorney‑General, at the same time as the annual report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified annual report).\n  (3) The information specified by this subsection is information of the following kind:\n    (a) any operationally sensitive information; or\n    (b) any information that would or might prejudice:\n    (i) Australia’s national security or the conduct of Australia’s foreign relations; or\n    (ii) the performance by a law enforcement or security agency of its functions; or\n    (c) any information that, if included in the report, would or might endanger a person’s safety; or\n    (d) any information obtained from a document prepared for the purposes of a meeting of:\n    (i) the Cabinet, or of a Committee of the Cabinet, of the Commonwealth or of a State; or\n    (ii) the Australian Capital Territory Executive or of a committee of that Executive; or\n    (iii) the Executive Council of the Northern Territory or of a committee of that Executive Council; or\n    (e) any information that would disclose the deliberations or decisions of:\n    (i) the Cabinet, or of a Committee of the Cabinet, of the Commonwealth or of a State; or\n    (ii) the Australian Capital Territory Executive or of a committee of that Executive; or\n    (iii) the Executive Council of the Northern Territory or of a committee of that Executive Council.\n  (4) In determining whether an annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  (5) The Attorney‑General must cause a copy of:\n    (a) each annual report; or\n    (b) if an annual report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection (3)—the corresponding declassified annual report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which he or she receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which he or she receives the report.\n  (8) Section 34C of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 does not apply in relation to a report given to the Attorney‑General under this section.","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"29A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Special report","content":"#### 29A Special report\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, from time to time, prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report (a special report) relating to the performance of the Monitor’s functions as set out in paragraphs 6(1)(a) or (b).\n  (2) Before preparing the special report, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must give to the Attorney‑General and Prime Minister a notice in writing:\n    (a) of his or her intention to prepare the special report; and\n    (b) providing reasons why, in the opinion of the Monitor, the special report is required.","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"29B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Statutory review report","content":"#### 29B Statutory review report\n\n  (1) This section applies if the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor completes a review of legislation the Monitor was required to conduct by law.\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must prepare and give to the Attorney‑General a report relating to the performance of the review (a statutory review report).\n  (3) To avoid doubt, this section does not apply in relation to a review conducted on a referral under section 7 (references by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General).","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"29C","sectionType":"section","heading":"Presenting copies of special reports and statutory review reports to the Parliament","content":"#### 29C Presenting copies of special reports and statutory review reports to the Parliament\n\n  (1) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that a special report or a statutory review report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the Attorney‑General, with the special report or statutory review report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified report).\n  (2) In determining whether a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  (3) The Attorney‑General must cause a copy of:\n    (a) unless paragraph (b) applies—the special report or statutory review report; or\n    (b) if the report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3)—the corresponding declassified report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which the Attorney‑General receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which the Attorney‑General receives the report.","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Report on a reference by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General","content":"#### 30 Report on a reference by the Prime Minister or the Attorney‑General\n\n  Giving reports to referring Minister\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor must report on a reference made under section 7 to the Minister who made the reference (the referring Minister).\n  (2) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, before giving his or her report on a reference, give an interim report to the referring Minister on the Monitor’s work on the reference.\n  (3) The referring Minister may, before the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor gives his or her report on a reference, direct the Monitor to give an interim report to the referring Minister on the Monitor’s work on the reference.\n  Giving copies of reports to non‑referring Minister\n  (3A) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, if he or she considers it appropriate to do so, give a copy of a report under subsection (1), (2) or (3) to the Minister mentioned in section 7 who did not make the reference.\n  Declassified reports\n  (4) If the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor considers that a report to the referring Minister under subsection (1) or (3) contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Monitor must also prepare and give to the referring Minister, at the same time as the report, a version of the report which does not contain that information (a declassified report).\n  (5) In determining whether a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3), the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may consult the responsible Minister or responsible Ministers concerned.\n  Presenting copies of reports to the Parliament\n  (6) The referring Minister must cause a copy of:\n    (a) a report given to the referring Minister under subsection (1) or (3); or\n    (b) if a report contains information of the kind referred to in subsection 29(3)—the corresponding declassified report;\n  to be presented to each House of the Parliament within the earlier of:\n    (c) 15 sitting days of that House after the day on which he or she receives the report; or\n    (d) 30 days after the day on which he or she receives the report.","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"Part 5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"## Part 5—Miscellaneous","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"31","sectionType":"section","heading":"Immunity from legal action","content":"#### 31 Immunity from legal action\n\n  (1) No action, suit or proceeding may be brought against a person who is, or has been, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor in relation to anything done, or omitted to be done, in good faith by the Monitor:\n    (a) in the performance, or purported performance, of his or her functions; or\n    (b) in the exercise, or purported exercise, of his or her powers.\n  (2) No action, suit or proceeding may be brought against a person who is assisting, or has assisted, the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor under sections 33 or 34 in relation to anything done, or omitted to be done, in good faith by that person:\n    (a) assisting the Monitor in the performance, or purported performance, of his or her functions or duties; or\n    (b) assisting the Monitor in the exercise, or purported exercise, of his or her powers.","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"32","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulations","content":"#### 32 Regulations\n\n  The Governor‑General may make regulations prescribing matters:\n    (a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or\n    (b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"33","sectionType":"section","heading":"Staff of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor","content":"#### 33 Staff of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may be assisted by the following persons, whose services are made available to the Monitor in connection with the performance of any of the Monitor’s functions, or the exercise of the Monitor’s powers:\n    (a) APS employees in the Department whose services are made available to the Monitor by the Secretary of the Department;\n    (b) employees of Agencies (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999);\n    (c) persons employed under the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979;\n    (d) persons employed under the Intelligence Services Act 2001;\n    (e) Parliamentary Service employees (within the meaning of the Parliamentary Service Act 1999);\n    (f) members of the Australian Defence Force.\n  (2) When performing services for the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, the persons are subject to the directions of the Monitor.\n  (3) A person referred to in subsection (1) may only assist the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor with the written consent of the Monitor, and the Monitor may, in writing, withdraw such consent at any time.","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"34","sectionType":"section","heading":"Contractors engaged by the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor","content":"#### 34 Contractors engaged by the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor\n\n  (1) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, on behalf of the Commonwealth, engage persons to assist in the performance of any of the Monitor’s functions, or the exercise of the Monitor’s powers.\n  (2) The persons are to be engaged on the terms and conditions that the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor determines in writing.\n  (3) When performing services for the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor, a person engaged under subsection (1) is subject to the directions of the Monitor.\n  (4) The Independent National Security Legislation Monitor may, in writing, delegate the Monitor’s power under subsection (1) to a member of the staff of the Monitor who is:\n    (a) classified as an Executive Level 2 or equivalent or higher; or\n    (b) acting in a position usually occupied by a person with a classification level of the kind mentioned in paragraph (a).\n  (5) In exercising the power delegated under subsection (4), the delegate is subject to the directions of the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.","sortOrder":48}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The original Act (2010) focused on reviewing counter-terrorism legislation generally. Over time, amendments have added mandatory reviews of specific new laws (e.g., espionage offences in 2018, surveillance powers in 2021, citizenship cessation in 2023), expanding the INSLM's workload and the range of laws under scrutiny. This represents a significant expansion of scope beyond the original intent of periodic reviews of core counter-terrorism laws."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive definitions section with 16 defined terms, some referencing other Acts","Broad definition of 'counter-terrorism and national security legislation' in s4A, listing many specific Acts and provisions","Multiple functions (s6), including mandatory reviews triggered by amendments to other Acts","Information-gathering powers (hearings, summons, offences) with exceptions for reasonable excuse and self-incrimination","Detailed reporting requirements (annual, special, statutory review) with declassification procedures","Cross-references to numerous other Acts (e.g., Crimes Act 1914, Criminal Code, Intelligence Services Act)","Appointment and termination provisions with multiple conditions and grounds"],"plain_english_summary":"This Act creates an independent person called the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor (INSLM) to review Australia's counter-terrorism and national security laws. The INSLM can initiate reviews on their own, or be asked by the Prime Minister, Attorney-General, or a parliamentary committee to examine specific issues. They assess whether these laws are effective, necessary, proportionate, and consistent with human rights and other international obligations. The INSLM can hold hearings, summon witnesses, and request documents. They must report annually and can produce special reports. The Act also sets out how the INSLM is appointed (by the Governor-General, after consulting the Opposition Leader), their term (up to 3 years, renewable once), and their independence from government direction. The INSLM cannot review agency resource priorities or handle individual complaints. This Act affects anyone subject to counter-terrorism laws, including intelligence agencies, police, and the public, by providing an independent check on government powers."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[{"type":"circular_definition","section":"4A(1)","severity":"medium","reasoning":"Paragraph (a) captures the whole law if it 'relates to' counter-terrorism or national security. Paragraph (b) captures the same law 'to the extent that' it relates. The only theoretical distinction is a law that only partially relates, but paragraph (a) would already capture it in full while paragraph (b) would only partially capture it. The drafting creates genuine ambiguity: does a law that only partially relates fall entirely within the definition (per (a)) or only partially (per (b))? The subsection cannot coherently do both simultaneously.","confidence":0.82,"description":"The definition of 'counter-terrorism and national security legislation' is tautological and internally circular. Subsection (1)(a) says it means 'laws of the Commonwealth that relate to counter-terrorism or national security' and subsection (1)(b) says it means 'laws of the Commonwealth to the extent that they relate to counter-terrorism or national security'. These two paragraphs are substantively identical, rendering one of them entirely redundant."},{"type":"self_contradicting","section":"17B","severity":"high","reasoning":"Section 17B(b) states the Monitor 'is not subject to direction from anyone'. Section 7(3) states 'The Prime Minister may give the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor directions about the order in which he or she is to deal with references.' Section 30(3) grants the referring Minister a direction power over interim reports. Even if the savings clause 'Subject to this Act' is read to resolve this, the substantive declaration of complete non-directionability in 17B is contradicted within the same statute, undermining any meaningful independence guarantee.","confidence":0.91,"description":"The Monitor is declared to have 'complete discretion' and to 'not be subject to direction from anyone', yet section 7(3) expressly permits the Prime Minister to direct the Monitor about the order in which to deal with references, and section 30(3) permits a referring Minister to direct the Monitor to give an interim report. The independence guarantee is therefore false on the face of the same Act."},{"type":"impossible_compliance","section":"11A","severity":"medium","reasoning":"The section imposes a positive legal obligation ('must be appointed') but provides no mechanism to compel the Governor-General or Prime Minister to act, and no consequence for non-compliance. There is no sanction, no deemed appointment, and no fallback. The 'obligation' is legally hollow.","confidence":0.78,"description":"Section 11A requires that 'a Monitor or acting Monitor must be appointed under section 11 or 20' as soon as practicable after a vacancy arises. However, section 11 requires the Governor-General to make the appointment (on the Prime Minister's recommendation, after consulting the Opposition Leader), while section 20 only allows the Attorney-General to appoint an acting Monitor during a vacancy. The obligation in 11A therefore cannot be self-executing: it depends on executive action that may be withheld, making the mandatory obligation effectively unenforceable."},{"type":"self_contradicting","section":"25(5) and 25(6)","severity":"medium","reasoning":"If a witness fears self-incrimination, s.25(6) says that is a reasonable excuse not to answer. But s.26 only immunises them from secrecy-provision liability if they DO answer. The regime thus offers a choice between two protections that cannot simultaneously be exercised, which may leave a witness in an impossible position where compliance exposes them to criminal liability not covered by s.26 (e.g., under substantive criminal law beyond secrecy provisions) and non-compliance exposes them to the s.25 offence.","confidence":0.72,"description":"The Act creates offences for failing to answer questions or produce documents (s.25(2)-(4)), then provides a 'reasonable excuse' defence (s.25(5)), and then specifically identifies self-incrimination as a 'reasonable excuse' (s.25(6)). However, section 26 separately provides that compliance with a notice does NOT attract liability under secrecy provisions. This creates a structural absurdity: a person can refuse on self-incrimination grounds, but the protection against secrecy-provision liability only operates if they comply. The two protections are mutually exclusive in operation yet presented as a coherent scheme."},{"type":"other","section":"7A(2)","severity":"medium","reasoning":"The Parliament can of course legislate on the Committee's functions, but doing so in an Act nominally about a different body, without amendment to the Intelligence Services Act, creates an incoherent legislative structure. More importantly, s.7A(1) already describes the referral power; s.7A(2) then declares it a 'function' without adding any enforceable obligation, making it surplusage that creates confusion about whether the Committee is obliged to refer matters it becomes aware of.","confidence":0.68,"description":"Section 7A(2) declares 'It is a function of the Committee on Intelligence and Security to refer the matter to the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor.' This is a function imposed on an entirely separate body (a Parliamentary committee established under a different Act) within the INSLM Act. The INSLM Act has no legislative competence to confer functions on the Committee, which is constituted and governed by the Intelligence Services Act 2001. This is at minimum a legal oddity and potentially a nullity."},{"type":"self_contradicting","section":"28(2)(b)","severity":"medium","reasoning":"For classified or operationally sensitive documents (the class to which s.28 applies), the Monitor may need to re-examine them repeatedly during a lengthy review. Section 28(2)(b) compels return after first examination, which would make repeated reference impossible and undermine the review function. Section 27(1)(b) is the more functional provision but s.28(2)(b) is expressed as a mandatory obligation ('must ensure'). The conflict is unresolved by any priority rule.","confidence":0.85,"description":"Section 28 requires the Monitor to 'ensure that the documents are returned to the agency as soon as possible after the Monitor has examined them', yet section 27(1)(b) permits the Monitor to 'retain possession of the document or thing for such period as is necessary for the performance of the Monitor's functions'. These two provisions impose irreconcilable obligations: s.28 mandates return 'as soon as possible' after examination while s.27 permits retention for as long as functionally necessary."},{"type":"self_contradicting","section":"6(1)(d)","severity":"medium","reasoning":"An assessment of whether legislation is being used for unrelated purposes requires examining agency decisions about when and how to invoke legislative powers — which is precisely examining agency priorities and resource use. The Monitor is simultaneously required and forbidden to engage in this inquiry.","confidence":0.75,"description":"The Monitor has a function 'to assess whether Australia's counter-terrorism or national security legislation is being used for matters unrelated to terrorism and national security'. However, section 6(2)(a) expressly excludes from the Monitor's functions any review of 'the priorities of, and use of resources by, agencies'. Assessing whether legislation is being misapplied to unrelated matters necessarily involves examining how agencies are using (i.e. applying and prioritising) that legislation, creating an irresolvable tension between an express function and an express exclusion."},{"type":"circular_definition","section":"33(3)","severity":"low","reasoning":"The written consent must come from the Monitor. If the Monitor has no staff yet, who prepares and processes the written consent instrument? The provision appears to require the Monitor to operate unassisted in order to authorise assistance, which is circular in practical terms.","confidence":0.65,"description":"Section 33(3) provides that staff 'may only assist the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor with the written consent of the Monitor'. This means the Monitor must consent to receiving assistance from staff before that staff member can help the Monitor. The Monitor must therefore first act without assistance in order to consent to receiving assistance — a bootstrapping problem that is particularly acute when the office is first established or when the Monitor is incapacitated."}],"contradictions":[{"severity":"high","section_a":"17B","section_b":"7(3)","confidence":0.93,"description":"Section 17B declares the Monitor 'is not subject to direction from anyone', but section 7(3) expressly empowers the Prime Minister to give the Monitor directions about the order in which to deal with references. The unconditional independence guarantee is directly contradicted by an express direction power in the same Act."},{"severity":"high","section_a":"17B","section_b":"30(3)","confidence":0.91,"description":"Section 17B declares the Monitor is not subject to direction from anyone, but section 30(3) permits the referring Minister to 'direct the Monitor to give an interim report'. This is an unambiguous direction power that contradicts the absolute terms of section 17B."},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"27(1)(b)","section_b":"28(2)(b)","confidence":0.85,"description":"Section 27(1)(b) permits the Monitor to retain documents for as long as necessary for the performance of functions. Section 28(2)(b) mandates that classified/operationally sensitive documents must be returned 'as soon as possible' after examination. For ongoing reviews requiring repeated reference to such documents, these obligations cannot be simultaneously satisfied."},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"6(1)(d)","section_b":"6(2)(a)","confidence":0.76,"description":"Section 6(1)(d) imposes a function to assess whether counter-terrorism legislation is being used for unrelated purposes. Section 6(2)(a) excludes any review of 'the priorities of, and use of resources by' agencies. Assessing misuse of legislation inherently requires examining how agencies prioritise and deploy legislative powers, making the two provisions irreconcilable."},{"severity":"low","section_a":"29(2)","section_b":"29(1A)","confidence":0.61,"description":"Section 29(2) requires the annual report to be given 'as soon as practicable after 30 June in each financial year'. Section 29(1A) allows the annual report to omit information 'already included in a report prepared under section 29A'. However, special reports under 29A have no timing obligation tied to the financial year, meaning the annual report's content depends on whether a special report has been prepared — a contingency that may not be known until after the annual report deadline has passed, making compliance with both provisions simultaneously uncertain."},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"25(6)","section_b":"26","confidence":0.73,"description":"Section 25(6) provides that self-incrimination is a reasonable excuse for refusing to answer, produce documents, or provide information. Section 26 provides immunity from secrecy-provision liability only to persons who comply with notices. A person who relies on s.25(6) to refuse cannot also obtain the protection of s.26, but a person who complies to obtain s.26 protection cannot rely on s.25(6). The two protective regimes are structured so as to be mutually exclusive."},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"11(1)","section_b":"20","confidence":0.79,"description":"Section 11(1) requires appointment by the Governor-General. Section 20 permits the Attorney-General to appoint an acting Monitor during a vacancy. Section 11A then mandates that 'a Monitor or acting Monitor must be appointed under section 11 or 20' as soon as practicable. However, the acting Monitor under s.20 can only serve during a vacancy 'so long as the period, or the total of all periods, is not more than 12 months'. If the Government fails to make a permanent appointment within 12 months, the acting appointment expires and s.11A's obligation cannot be fulfilled by s.20, leaving only s.11 — which the Government may continue to delay without legal consequence."}]},"summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The original 2010 Act was focused on reviewing counter-terrorism and national security legislation generally. Over time, the scope has expanded significantly through amendments that added mandatory, time-bound reviews of specific laws — including espionage and foreign interference laws (2018), surveillance/identify-and-disrupt powers (2021), and citizenship cessation laws (2023). The definition of reviewable legislation has also grown to explicitly include citizenship cancellation, foreign interference offences, and expanded intelligence agency oversight. The Monitor's referral pathway has also been broadened to allow the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security (not just Ministers) to refer matters. The cumulative effect is a substantially broader and more prescriptive mandate than the original Act contemplated."},"complexity_factors":["Cross-references to a large number of other Acts (over 15 separate pieces of legislation explicitly named), requiring readers to consult multiple sources to understand the full scope","The definition of 'counter-terrorism and national security legislation' is deliberately open-ended and non-exhaustive, creating inherent uncertainty about scope","Multiple overlapping reporting obligations (annual reports, special reports, statutory review reports, and ministerial reference reports) each with different procedural requirements and declassification rules","Mandatory review obligations with specific legislated timetables embedded within the functions section, creating a complex schedule of compulsory tasks","Tension between the Monitor's independence (s.17B) and structural accountability to the Attorney-General for administrative matters (leave, outside employment consent, etc.)","Information-handling rules for classified and operationally sensitive documents impose layered obligations on the Monitor","The distinction between what is and is not a function (s.6(2)) requires careful reading to understand the Monitor's limits, particularly regarding individual complaints","The Act has been amended multiple times, resulting in non-sequential section numbering (e.g., 6(1A), 6(1B), 6(1E), 6(1F)) that signals accumulated complexity"],"plain_english_summary":"## What This Law Does\n\nThis Act creates a special independent watchdog called the **Independent National Security Legislation Monitor** (usually called the \"INSLM\" or just \"the Monitor\"). Think of it like a referee whose job is to check that Australia's counter-terrorism and national security laws are working properly, are fair, and don't go too far.\n\n## Who Is the Monitor?\n\nThe Monitor is a single person appointed by the Governor-General (Australia's head of state, acting on government advice) for up to 3 years, with one possible re-appointment. Importantly, the Prime Minister must consult the Leader of the Opposition before the appointment — this is designed to keep the role above partisan politics. The Monitor operates **completely independently** and cannot be directed by any Minister or government official in how they do their job.\n\n## What Does the Monitor Actually Do?\n\nThe Monitor's main jobs are to:\n- **Review** whether Australia's counter-terrorism and national security laws are actually working\n- **Check** whether those laws are proportionate (i.e., not more intrusive than necessary) and still needed\n- **Assess** whether human rights and individual protections are built into those laws\n- **Report** to the Prime Minister or Attorney-General if asked to investigate a specific issue\n- **Conduct specific reviews** of particular laws on a set timetable — for example, the Monitor *must* review the laws on citizenship stripping for terrorism-related conduct, surveillance powers, espionage laws, and foreign interference laws within set timeframes\n\nImportantly, the Monitor **cannot** investigate individual complaints from the public about how agencies behaved, and cannot audit how agencies spend their budgets. That's not what this watchdog is for.\n\n## Which Laws Does the Monitor Oversee?\n\nA very wide range — essentially all Commonwealth laws touching on counter-terrorism and national security. This includes laws about:\n- ASIO (Australia's domestic spy agency) and other intelligence agencies\n- Terrorism offences in the Criminal Code\n- Citizenship cancellation for terrorism-related conduct\n- Surveillance and phone-tapping\n- Espionage and foreign interference\n- Military call-out powers\n- UN sanctions implementation\n\n## Powers to Get Information\n\nThe Monitor has real teeth. They can:\n- **Hold hearings** (like a mini-court) — some hearings must be private if sensitive national security information is involved\n- **Summon people** to appear and give evidence under oath\n- **Demand documents** from government agencies and others\n- Refusing to comply is a **criminal offence** carrying up to 6 months in jail\n\nHowever, a person cannot be prosecuted under secrecy laws simply for providing information to the Monitor that they were required to provide.\n\n## Reporting\n\nThe Monitor must produce:\n- An **annual report** (due by 31 December each year)\n- **Special reports** on urgent matters\n- **Statutory review reports** when completing a legally required review\n\nAll reports must be tabled in Parliament, but sensitive national security information is stripped out of the public version first.\n\n## Why Does This Matter to You?\n\nFor ordinary Australians, this law matters because it creates a safeguard against security laws being used too broadly or infringing on rights. It's the mechanism that checks whether laws like detention without charge, phone tapping, citizenship cancellation, and surveillance powers remain justified and lawful — and reports publicly on whether they do."},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":776},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The legislation has expanded significantly from its original 2010 scope. The original Act established a general review function, but subsequent amendments have added specific mandatory reviews tied to particular legislation: espionage and foreign interference laws (2018), surveillance and disruption powers (2021), and citizenship cessation provisions (2023). The definition of 'counter-terrorism and national security legislation' in section 4A has also grown to explicitly capture more Acts and specific provisions, including telecommunications interception, citizenship stripping, UN Charter provisions, and temporary exclusion orders. The Monitor's role has shifted from purely discretionary to include statutory obligations to review particular laws on fixed timelines."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple cross-references to other Acts (Intelligence Services Act 2001, ASIO Act 1979, Criminal Code, etc.)","Nested definitions — 'counter-terrorism and national security legislation' defined by reference to sections of other Acts, some only 'to the extent that' they relate to security","Conditional logic for hearings (public vs private based on content of evidence)","Multiple reporting streams with different rules (annual reports, special reports, statutory review reports, reference reports)","Detailed appointment and termination provisions with distinctions between full-time and part-time appointments","Specific mandatory review obligations triggered by dates in other legislation (e.g., 'third anniversary of Royal Assent' of named Acts)","Declassification requirements with multiple categories of sensitive information to assess"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this law does:**\n\nThis Act creates an **Independent National Security Legislation Monitor** — an independent watchdog who reviews Australia's counter-terrorism and national security laws to make sure they work properly and don't unfairly infringe on people's rights.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- **The Monitor** — an independent office-holder appointed by the Governor-General (after the Prime Minister consults the Opposition Leader)\n- **Government agencies** — including ASIO, ASIS, the Australian Federal Police, Defence intelligence bodies, and other security agencies\n- **Ministers** — particularly the Prime Minister and Attorney-General, who can refer matters to the Monitor\n- **The public** — anyone whose rights might be affected by national security laws\n\n**What the Monitor does:**\n- **Reviews** counter-terrorism and national security laws on their own initiative, checking if they're effective, necessary, and proportionate to the threats\n- **Assesses** whether these laws contain appropriate safeguards for individual rights\n- **Reports** to Parliament on findings, with classified and declassified versions where needed\n- **Holds hearings** and can summon people to give evidence or produce documents\n- **Must conduct specific reviews** of certain laws when required (for example, espionage laws, surveillance powers, and citizenship-stripping provisions)\n\n**Key powers:**\n- Can hold public or private hearings\n- Can compel people to attend, give evidence on oath, and produce documents\n- Can request information from agencies\n- Has immunity from being sued for actions taken in good faith\n\n**Important limits:**\n- The Monitor **cannot** investigate individual complaints about agencies\n- The Monitor **cannot** review how agencies prioritise work or spend money\n- The Monitor **must** consider Australia's international human rights obligations\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThis is Australia's mechanism for **oversight and accountability** of powerful national security laws. It tries to balance keeping the country safe with protecting civil liberties — making sure anti-terrorism powers aren't overused or misused."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/independent-national-security-legislation-monitor-act-2010","history":"/api/acts/independent-national-security-legislation-monitor-act-2010/history","analysis":"/api/acts/independent-national-security-legislation-monitor-act-2010/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/independent-national-security-legislation-monitor-act-2010/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/independent-national-security-legislation-monitor-act-2010/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/independent-national-security-legislation-monitor-act-2010/documents"}}