{"id":"C2004A03348","name":"Income Tax Rates Act 1986","slug":"income-tax-rates-act-1986","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"107 of 1986","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":7352,"registerId":"commonwealth-C2004A03348-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-03-30","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part I","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"## Part I—Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Short title","content":"#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Income Tax Rates Act 1986.","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act shall come into operation on the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interpretation","content":"#### 3 Interpretation\n\n  (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:\n\n> abnormal income amount, in relation to the taxable income of a taxpayer of a year of income, means any above‑average special professional income included in the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year of income under section 405‑15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ADI has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> AMIT (short for attribution managed investment trust) has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> Assessment Act means the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.\n\n> attribution managed investment trust: see AMIT.\n\n> base rate entity has the meaning given by section 23AA.\n\n> base rate entity passive income has the meaning given by section 23AB.\n\n> complying ADF means a complying approved deposit fund as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> determined member component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible ADF means a fund that is a complying approved deposit fund or a non‑complying approved deposit fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible part, in relation to the special income component of the taxable income of a taxpayer, means so much of the special income component as is eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> eligible superannuation fund means a fund that is a complying superannuation fund or a non‑complying superannuation fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> employment termination remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 82 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 or Division 82 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> friendly society has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Life Insurance Act 1995.\n\n> low tax component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> managed investment trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> maximum tax rate provision means any of the following provisions:\n\n    (a) section 82‑10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (b) section 82‑65 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (c) section 82‑70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (d) section 301‑95 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (e) section 301‑105 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (f) section 301‑115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (g) section 82‑10A of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997;\n    (h) section 82‑10C of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.\n\n> net income phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 14(3).\n\n> non‑arm’s length component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑complying ADF means a fund that, at all times during the year of income when the fund is in existence, is an approved deposit fund within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, but does not include a fund that is a complying ADF.\n\n> non‑complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑profit company means:\n\n    (a) a company that is not carried on for the purposes of profit or gain to its individual members and is, by the terms of the company’s constituent document, prohibited from making any distribution, whether in money, property or otherwise, to its members; or\n    (b) a friendly society dispensary.\n\n> non‑resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 15(8).\n\n> non‑resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is not a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> no‑TFN contributions income has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary taxable income means the taxable income, reduced by the superannuation remainder of the taxable income and by the employment termination remainder of the taxable income.\n\n> PDF (pooled development fund) has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> PDF component has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> pooled superannuation trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> prescribed non‑resident, in relation to a year of income, means a person who, at all times during the year of income, is a non‑resident, not being a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) the Social Security Act 1991;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n> prescribed unit trust, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is a public trading trust in relation to the year of income.\n\n> public trading trust, in relation to a year of income, means a unit trust that is a public trading trust, within the meaning of Division 6C of Part III of the Assessment Act, in relation to the year of income.\n\n> reduced taxable income means the part (if any) of the taxable income other than the special income component.\n\n> resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 13(10).\n\n> resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that, under subsection 95(2) of the Assessment Act, is to be taken to be a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> RSA component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> second resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 2 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> SME income component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> sovereign entity has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> special income component, in relation to a taxable income for which there is an abnormal income amount, means:\n\n    (a) so much of the taxable income as does not exceed the abnormal income amount; or\n    (b) if the sum (the component sum) of:\n    (i) the abnormal income amount; and\n    (ii) the superannuation remainder of the taxable income; and\n    (iii) the employment termination remainder of the taxable income;\n    is more than the taxable income—the abnormal income amount, reduced by the amount by which the component sum exceeds the taxable income.\n\n> standard component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> superannuation remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 301 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> tax means income tax imposed as such by any Act other than income tax payable in accordance with section 121H, 126, 128B, 128N, 128NA, 128NB, 128T, 128V, 136A or 159C of the Assessment Act.\n\n> tax‑free threshold means $18,200.\n\n> tax offset has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> third resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 3 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> unregulated investment component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> working holiday maker has the meaning given by subsection 3A(1).\n\n> working holiday taxable income has the meaning given by subsections 3A(2) and (3).\n\n  (2) In this Act:\n    (a) a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income shall be read as a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income, as the case may be, of the year of income; and\n    (b) a reference to eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act shall be read as a reference to eligible taxable income of the year of income for the purposes of that Division.\n  (3) A reference in this Act to the part to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies of the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate shall, if that Division applies to the whole of such a share, be read as a reference to the whole of that share.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"3A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Working holiday makers and working holiday taxable income","content":"#### 3A Working holiday makers and working holiday taxable income\n\n  (1) An individual is a working holiday maker at a particular time if the individual holds at that time:\n    (a) a Subclass 417 (Working Holiday) visa; or\n    (b) a Subclass 462 (Work and Holiday) visa; or\n    (c) a bridging visa permitting the individual to work in Australia if:\n    (i) the bridging visa was granted under the Migration Act 1958 in relation to an application for a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); and\n    (ii) the Minister administering that Act is still to make a decision in relation to the application; and\n    (iii) the most recent visa, other than a bridging visa, granted under that Act to the individual was a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); or\n    (d) a COVID‑19 pandemic event 408 visa (as defined by subclause 9204(1) of Schedule 13 to the Migration Regulations 1994).\n  (2) An individual’s working holiday taxable income for a year of income is the individual’s assessable income for the year of income derived:\n    (a) from sources in Australia; and\n    (b) while the individual is a working holiday maker;\n  less so much of any amount the individual can deduct for the year of income as relates to that assessable income.\n  (3) However, the individual’s working holiday taxable income does not include any superannuation remainder, or employment termination remainder, of the individual’s taxable income for the year of income.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Incorporation","content":"#### 4 Incorporation\n\n  The Assessment Act is incorporated, and shall be read as one, with this Act.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Part II","sectionType":"part","heading":"Rates of income tax payable upon incomes other than incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds and certain other trusts","content":"An Act to declare the rates of income tax\n\n## Part I—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Income Tax Rates Act 1986.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act shall come into operation on the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Interpretation\n\n  (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:\n\n> abnormal income amount, in relation to the taxable income of a taxpayer of a year of income, means any above‑average special professional income included in the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year of income under section 405‑15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ADI has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> AMIT (short for attribution managed investment trust) has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> Assessment Act means the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.\n\n> attribution managed investment trust: see AMIT.\n\n> base rate entity has the meaning given by section 23AA.\n\n> base rate entity passive income has the meaning given by section 23AB.\n\n> complying ADF means a complying approved deposit fund as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> determined member component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible ADF means a fund that is a complying approved deposit fund or a non‑complying approved deposit fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible part, in relation to the special income component of the taxable income of a taxpayer, means so much of the special income component as is eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> eligible superannuation fund means a fund that is a complying superannuation fund or a non‑complying superannuation fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> employment termination remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 82 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 or Division 82 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> friendly society has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Life Insurance Act 1995.\n\n> low tax component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> managed investment trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> maximum tax rate provision means any of the following provisions:\n\n    (a) section 82‑10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (b) section 82‑65 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (c) section 82‑70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (d) section 301‑95 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (e) section 301‑105 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (f) section 301‑115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (g) section 82‑10A of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997;\n    (h) section 82‑10C of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.\n\n> net income phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 14(3).\n\n> non‑arm’s length component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑complying ADF means a fund that, at all times during the year of income when the fund is in existence, is an approved deposit fund within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, but does not include a fund that is a complying ADF.\n\n> non‑complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑profit company means:\n\n    (a) a company that is not carried on for the purposes of profit or gain to its individual members and is, by the terms of the company’s constituent document, prohibited from making any distribution, whether in money, property or otherwise, to its members; or\n    (b) a friendly society dispensary.\n\n> non‑resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 15(8).\n\n> non‑resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is not a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> no‑TFN contributions income has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary taxable income means the taxable income, reduced by the superannuation remainder of the taxable income and by the employment termination remainder of the taxable income.\n\n> PDF (pooled development fund) has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> PDF component has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> pooled superannuation trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> prescribed non‑resident, in relation to a year of income, means a person who, at all times during the year of income, is a non‑resident, not being a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) the Social Security Act 1991;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n> prescribed unit trust, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is a public trading trust in relation to the year of income.\n\n> public trading trust, in relation to a year of income, means a unit trust that is a public trading trust, within the meaning of Division 6C of Part III of the Assessment Act, in relation to the year of income.\n\n> reduced taxable income means the part (if any) of the taxable income other than the special income component.\n\n> resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 13(10).\n\n> resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that, under subsection 95(2) of the Assessment Act, is to be taken to be a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> RSA component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> second resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 2 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> SME income component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> sovereign entity has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> special income component, in relation to a taxable income for which there is an abnormal income amount, means:\n\n    (a) so much of the taxable income as does not exceed the abnormal income amount; or\n    (b) if the sum (the component sum) of:\n    (i) the abnormal income amount; and\n    (ii) the superannuation remainder of the taxable income; and\n    (iii) the employment termination remainder of the taxable income;\n    is more than the taxable income—the abnormal income amount, reduced by the amount by which the component sum exceeds the taxable income.\n\n> standard component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> superannuation remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 301 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> tax means income tax imposed as such by any Act other than income tax payable in accordance with section 121H, 126, 128B, 128N, 128NA, 128NB, 128T, 128V, 136A or 159C of the Assessment Act.\n\n> tax‑free threshold means $18,200.\n\n> tax offset has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> third resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 3 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> unregulated investment component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> working holiday maker has the meaning given by subsection 3A(1).\n\n> working holiday taxable income has the meaning given by subsections 3A(2) and (3).\n\n  (2) In this Act:\n    (a) a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income shall be read as a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income, as the case may be, of the year of income; and\n    (b) a reference to eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act shall be read as a reference to eligible taxable income of the year of income for the purposes of that Division.\n  (3) A reference in this Act to the part to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies of the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate shall, if that Division applies to the whole of such a share, be read as a reference to the whole of that share.\n\n#### 3A Working holiday makers and working holiday taxable income\n\n  (1) An individual is a working holiday maker at a particular time if the individual holds at that time:\n    (a) a Subclass 417 (Working Holiday) visa; or\n    (b) a Subclass 462 (Work and Holiday) visa; or\n    (c) a bridging visa permitting the individual to work in Australia if:\n    (i) the bridging visa was granted under the Migration Act 1958 in relation to an application for a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); and\n    (ii) the Minister administering that Act is still to make a decision in relation to the application; and\n    (iii) the most recent visa, other than a bridging visa, granted under that Act to the individual was a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); or\n    (d) a COVID‑19 pandemic event 408 visa (as defined by subclause 9204(1) of Schedule 13 to the Migration Regulations 1994).\n  (2) An individual’s working holiday taxable income for a year of income is the individual’s assessable income for the year of income derived:\n    (a) from sources in Australia; and\n    (b) while the individual is a working holiday maker;\n  less so much of any amount the individual can deduct for the year of income as relates to that assessable income.\n  (3) However, the individual’s working holiday taxable income does not include any superannuation remainder, or employment termination remainder, of the individual’s taxable income for the year of income.\n\n#### 4 Incorporation\n\n  The Assessment Act is incorporated, and shall be read as one, with this Act.\n\n## Part II—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes other than incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds and certain other trusts\n\n### Division 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 5 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax means:\n    (a) tax payable by a natural person, other than:\n    (i) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; or\n    (b) tax payable by a company in the capacity of a trustee, other than:\n    (i) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n### Division 3—Rates of tax\n\n#### Subdivision B—Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n#### 12 Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n  (1) Except as otherwise provided by this Division, the rates of tax are as set out in Schedule 7.\n  (2) The notional rates for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 8.\n  (4) For every dollar of so much of the net income of a trust estate as is equal to the deemed net income from primary production, the rate of complementary tax for the purposes of subsection 156(5A) of the Assessment Act is the amount ascertained by dividing the amount of the excess referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection by the number of whole dollars in the eligible net income of the trust estate.\n  (6) Subject to sections 13, 14 and 15, the rates of tax payable by a trustee under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 10.\n  (6A) The rate of tax payable by a trustee under paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is as set out in Schedule 10A.\n  (7) The rate of further tax payable by a person under subsection 94(9) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the relevant part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsections 94(10A) and (10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, section 12A and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the person is entitled, would be payable by the person in respect of the taxable income of the person; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the prescribed part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsection 94(10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that would be payable by the person on the person’s taxable income if:\n    (i) the comparison rate described in section 392‑55 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 were the rate of tax payable by the person on that income; and\n    (ii) this subsection and section 12A did not apply; and\n    (iii) the person were not entitled to any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997); and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person.\n  (8) The rate of further tax payable by a trustee under subsection 94(11) or (12) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the relevant part of that net income for the purposes of subsections 94(12A) and (12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.003.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the prescribed part of that net income for the purposes of subsection 94(12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.004.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income if the notional rates declared by this Division for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act were the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income.\n  (9) The rate of tax payable by a trustee in respect of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 99A of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is 45%.\n  (10) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a managed investment trust under subsection 275‑605(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 30%.\n  (11) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑405(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (12) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑415(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (13) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑420(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n\n#### 12A Rate of extra income tax for primary producers\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of extra income tax payable under subsection 392‑35(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 on every dollar of a taxpayer’s averaging component for a year of income.\n  (2) The rate is worked out using the formula:\n  ![Start formula start fraction Averaging adjustment over Averaging component end fraction end formula](image.005.png)\n  Rate if taxable income is less than tax‑free threshold adjusted by family tax assistance\n  (6) In this section:\n\n> averaging adjustment means the taxpayer’s smoothing adjustment, worked out for the year of income under section 392‑75 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> averaging component means the taxpayer’s averaging component in whole dollars, worked out for the year of income under Subdivision 392‑C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n#### Subdivision C—Resident taxpayers, resident beneficiaries and resident trust estates\n\n#### 13 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income of an amount exceeding $416;\n  are as set out in Part I of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit, the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (a) 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (b) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share; and\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies exceeds $416;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies does not exceed $416;\n    (d) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act also applies to a part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates; and\n    (e) the sum of the part referred to in paragraph (b) and the part or parts referred to in paragraph (d) exceeds $416;\n  the trustee of the trust estate referred to in paragraph (a) is liable to pay tax in respect of the share of the net income of the trust estate referred to in that paragraph at the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (5) Where:\n    (a) the amount of tax that a trustee of a trust estate is liable to pay in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate is, by virtue of subsection (4), to be calculated in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (6) Subject to subsection (7), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share; and\n    (c) the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (d) 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (e) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part I of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (7) Subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (8) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (7), subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (9) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (5) or (8) (in this subsection referred to as the relevant subsection) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (6) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection; and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (5) or (8) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (10) The resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times 66% over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.006.png)\n\n#### 14 Limitation on tax payable by certain trustees\n\n  (1) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate does not exceed $416;\n  no tax is payable under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be.\n  (2) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate exceeds $416 but does not exceed the net income phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable by the trustee under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income shall not exceed 50% of the amount by which that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be, exceeds $416, less any rebate or credit to which the trustee is entitled.\n  (3) The net income phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 time 50% over 50% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.007.png)\n\n#### Subdivision D—Non‑resident taxpayers, non‑resident beneficiaries and non‑resident trust estates\n\n#### 15 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income;\n  are as set out in Part II of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act:\n    (a) does not exceed $416—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to that eligible taxable income; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (b) exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part II of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Subject to subsection (5), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (c) where the eligible part of that share does not exceed $416:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to the amount of the eligible part of that share; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (d) where the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (6) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (5), subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (7) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (6) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (4) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part II of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b) if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b); and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a non‑resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (6) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (8) The non‑resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times open bracket 66% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 close bracket over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.008.png)\n\n### Division 4—Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n#### 16 Interpretation\n\n  In this Division:\n\n> beneficiary, in relation to a trust estate, includes a person who is capable (whether by the exercise of a power of appointment or otherwise) of benefiting under the trust.\n\n> eligible pensioner, in relation to a year of income, means a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) a provision of the Social Security Act 1991 other than Part 2.11, 2.12 or 2.15 of that Act;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n#### 18 Part‑year residency period\n\n  (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following periods are part‑year residency periods in relation to a person in relation to a year of income:\n    (a) where the person was a resident at the beginning of the first month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month in the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of the year of income until the end of that subsequent month;\n    (b) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until the end of the year of income—the period from the beginning of that month until the end of the year of income;\n    (c) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month of the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of that first‑mentioned month until the end of that subsequent month.\n  (2) A period shall not be taken to be a part‑year residency period in relation to a person in relation to a year of income if:\n    (a) the person is an eligible pensioner in relation to the year of income; or\n    (b) the period is the whole of the year of income.\n\n#### 20 Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n  Part‑year residency periods\n  (1) This Act applies in relation to a person and a year of income as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the person in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income during which there is a part-year residency period in relation to the person and the year of income over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.009.png)\n  Trustees\n  (1A) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of a share of a beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate of a year of income.\n  (2) However, this Act applies in calculating the tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income when a part-year residency period, or part-year residency periods, in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income subsisted over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.010.png)\n  (3) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 99 of the Assessment Act.\n\n## Part III—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds, certain other trusts and sovereign entities\n\n#### 21 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax does not include tax within the meaning of Part II.\n\n#### 23 Rates of tax payable by companies\n\n  (1A) This section has effect subject to section 23A.\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a company, other than a company in the capacity of a trustee, are as set out in the following provisions of this section.\n  (2) The rate of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company is:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%;\n  if subsections (3) to (5) and section 23A do not apply to the company.\n  (3) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider are:\n    (a) in respect of the RSA component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the standard component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (4) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that becomes a PDF during a year of income and is still a PDF at the end of the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%; and\n    (c) in respect of so much of the taxable income as exceeds the PDF component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (5) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that is a PDF throughout the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%.\n  (6) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than 55% of the amount (if any) by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $416, if:\n    (a) the company is a non‑profit company; and\n    (b) the taxable income is not greater than:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—$762; or\n    (ii) otherwise—$915.\n  (7) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—37.5%; or\n    (b) otherwise—45%;\n  of the amount by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $49,999, if the company is a recognised medium credit union in relation to the year of income.\n\n#### 23AA Meaning of base rate entity\n\n  An entity is a base rate entity for a year of income if:\n    (a) no more than 80% of its assessable income for the year of income is base rate entity passive income; and\n    (b) its aggregated turnover (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) for the year of income, worked out as at the end of that year, is less than $50 million.\n\n#### 23AB Meaning of base rate entity passive income\n\n  (1) Base rate entity passive income is assessable income that is any of the following:\n    (a) a distribution (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a corporate tax entity (within the meaning of that Act), other than a non‑portfolio dividend (within the meaning of section 317 of the Assessment Act);\n    (b) an amount of a franking credit (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) on such a distribution;\n    (c) a non‑share dividend (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a company;\n    (d) interest (or a payment in the nature of interest), royalties and rent;\n    (e) a gain on a qualifying security (within the meaning of Division 16E of Part III of the Assessment Act);\n    (f) a net capital gain (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997);\n    (g) an amount included in the assessable income of a partner in a partnership or of a beneficiary of a trust estate under Division 5 or 6 of Part III of the Assessment Act, to the extent that the amount is referable (either directly or indirectly through one or more interposed partnerships or trust estates) to another amount that is base rate entity passive income under a preceding paragraph of this subsection.\n  (2) However, if an entity has assessable income that is interest (or a payment in the nature of interest):\n    (a) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) if:\n    (i) the entity is a financial institution (within the meaning of section 202A of the Assessment Act); or\n    (ii) the entity is a registered entity (within the meaning of the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001) that carries on a general business of providing finance (within the meaning of that Act) on a commercial basis; or\n    (iii) the entity holds an Australian credit licence (within the meaning of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009), or is a credit representative (within the meaning of that Act) of another entity that holds such an Australian credit licence; or\n    (iv) the entity is a financial services licensee (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001) whose licence covers dealings in financial products mentioned in paragraph 764A(1)(a) of that Act (securities), or is an authorised representative (within the meaning of that Act) of such a financial services licensee; or\n    (v) the entity is an entity of a kind specified in a legislative instrument made under subsection (3); and\n    (b) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) to the extent that it is a return on an equity interest in a company.\n  (3) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, specify one or more kinds of entities for the purposes of subparagraph (2)(a)(v).\n\n#### 23A Rates of tax payable by life insurance companies\n\n  The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a life insurance company are:\n    (a) in respect of the ordinary class—30%; and\n    (b) in respect of the complying superannuation class—15%.\n\n#### 25 Rate of tax payable by trustees of public trading trusts\n\n  The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a public trading trust in respect of the net income of the public trading trust in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 102S of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is:\n    (a) if the trust is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%.\n\n#### 26 Rates of tax payable by trustees of superannuation funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27 Rates of tax payable by trustees of approved deposit funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27A Rates of tax payable by trustees of pooled superannuation trusts\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust in respect of the taxable income of the trust are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n\n#### 28 Rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom section 98 of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a trust estate in respect of a share of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax are:\n    (a) if paragraph 98(3)(b) of the Assessment Act (about beneficiaries that are companies) applies:\n    (i) if the beneficiary is a company to which paragraph 23(2)(a) of this Act applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(a); or\n    (ii) otherwise—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b); and\n    (b) if subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 98(3)(a) of the Assessment Act applies, see subsection 12(6).\n\n#### 28A Rates of tax payable by trustees of AMITs under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 are:\n    (a) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b) of this Act; and\n    (b) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(c) of that Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies, see subsection 12(6A).\n\n#### 29 Rate of tax on no‑TFN contributions income\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of tax payable:\n    (a) by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (b) by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (c) by a company that is an RSA provider in respect of no‑TFN contributions income.\n  (2) The rate of tax is worked out in the following way:\n    (a) first, work out the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income;\n    (b) next, add 2%;\n    (c) next, subtract the rate of tax:\n    (i) for a trustee of a complying superannuation fund—set out in paragraph 26(1)(a); or\n    (ii) for a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund—set out in subsection 26(2); or\n    (iii) for a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23(3)(a); or\n    (iv) for a life insurance company that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23A(b).\n\n#### 30 Rate of tax payable by sovereign entities\n\n  The rate of tax payable in respect of the taxable income of a sovereign entity is 30%, unless another provision of this Part sets the rate of tax in respect of that taxable income.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Preliminary","content":"An Act to declare the rates of income tax\n\n## Part I—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Income Tax Rates Act 1986.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act shall come into operation on the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Interpretation\n\n  (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:\n\n> abnormal income amount, in relation to the taxable income of a taxpayer of a year of income, means any above‑average special professional income included in the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year of income under section 405‑15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ADI has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> AMIT (short for attribution managed investment trust) has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> Assessment Act means the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.\n\n> attribution managed investment trust: see AMIT.\n\n> base rate entity has the meaning given by section 23AA.\n\n> base rate entity passive income has the meaning given by section 23AB.\n\n> complying ADF means a complying approved deposit fund as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> determined member component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible ADF means a fund that is a complying approved deposit fund or a non‑complying approved deposit fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible part, in relation to the special income component of the taxable income of a taxpayer, means so much of the special income component as is eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> eligible superannuation fund means a fund that is a complying superannuation fund or a non‑complying superannuation fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> employment termination remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 82 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 or Division 82 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> friendly society has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Life Insurance Act 1995.\n\n> low tax component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> managed investment trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> maximum tax rate provision means any of the following provisions:\n\n    (a) section 82‑10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (b) section 82‑65 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (c) section 82‑70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (d) section 301‑95 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (e) section 301‑105 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (f) section 301‑115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (g) section 82‑10A of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997;\n    (h) section 82‑10C of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.\n\n> net income phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 14(3).\n\n> non‑arm’s length component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑complying ADF means a fund that, at all times during the year of income when the fund is in existence, is an approved deposit fund within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, but does not include a fund that is a complying ADF.\n\n> non‑complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑profit company means:\n\n    (a) a company that is not carried on for the purposes of profit or gain to its individual members and is, by the terms of the company’s constituent document, prohibited from making any distribution, whether in money, property or otherwise, to its members; or\n    (b) a friendly society dispensary.\n\n> non‑resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 15(8).\n\n> non‑resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is not a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> no‑TFN contributions income has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary taxable income means the taxable income, reduced by the superannuation remainder of the taxable income and by the employment termination remainder of the taxable income.\n\n> PDF (pooled development fund) has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> PDF component has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> pooled superannuation trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> prescribed non‑resident, in relation to a year of income, means a person who, at all times during the year of income, is a non‑resident, not being a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) the Social Security Act 1991;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n> prescribed unit trust, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is a public trading trust in relation to the year of income.\n\n> public trading trust, in relation to a year of income, means a unit trust that is a public trading trust, within the meaning of Division 6C of Part III of the Assessment Act, in relation to the year of income.\n\n> reduced taxable income means the part (if any) of the taxable income other than the special income component.\n\n> resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 13(10).\n\n> resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that, under subsection 95(2) of the Assessment Act, is to be taken to be a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> RSA component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> second resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 2 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> SME income component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> sovereign entity has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> special income component, in relation to a taxable income for which there is an abnormal income amount, means:\n\n    (a) so much of the taxable income as does not exceed the abnormal income amount; or\n    (b) if the sum (the component sum) of:\n    (i) the abnormal income amount; and\n    (ii) the superannuation remainder of the taxable income; and\n    (iii) the employment termination remainder of the taxable income;\n    is more than the taxable income—the abnormal income amount, reduced by the amount by which the component sum exceeds the taxable income.\n\n> standard component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> superannuation remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 301 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> tax means income tax imposed as such by any Act other than income tax payable in accordance with section 121H, 126, 128B, 128N, 128NA, 128NB, 128T, 128V, 136A or 159C of the Assessment Act.\n\n> tax‑free threshold means $18,200.\n\n> tax offset has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> third resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 3 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> unregulated investment component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> working holiday maker has the meaning given by subsection 3A(1).\n\n> working holiday taxable income has the meaning given by subsections 3A(2) and (3).\n\n  (2) In this Act:\n    (a) a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income shall be read as a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income, as the case may be, of the year of income; and\n    (b) a reference to eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act shall be read as a reference to eligible taxable income of the year of income for the purposes of that Division.\n  (3) A reference in this Act to the part to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies of the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate shall, if that Division applies to the whole of such a share, be read as a reference to the whole of that share.\n\n#### 3A Working holiday makers and working holiday taxable income\n\n  (1) An individual is a working holiday maker at a particular time if the individual holds at that time:\n    (a) a Subclass 417 (Working Holiday) visa; or\n    (b) a Subclass 462 (Work and Holiday) visa; or\n    (c) a bridging visa permitting the individual to work in Australia if:\n    (i) the bridging visa was granted under the Migration Act 1958 in relation to an application for a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); and\n    (ii) the Minister administering that Act is still to make a decision in relation to the application; and\n    (iii) the most recent visa, other than a bridging visa, granted under that Act to the individual was a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); or\n    (d) a COVID‑19 pandemic event 408 visa (as defined by subclause 9204(1) of Schedule 13 to the Migration Regulations 1994).\n  (2) An individual’s working holiday taxable income for a year of income is the individual’s assessable income for the year of income derived:\n    (a) from sources in Australia; and\n    (b) while the individual is a working holiday maker;\n  less so much of any amount the individual can deduct for the year of income as relates to that assessable income.\n  (3) However, the individual’s working holiday taxable income does not include any superannuation remainder, or employment termination remainder, of the individual’s taxable income for the year of income.\n\n#### 4 Incorporation\n\n  The Assessment Act is incorporated, and shall be read as one, with this Act.\n\n## Part II—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes other than incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds and certain other trusts\n\n### Division 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 5 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax means:\n    (a) tax payable by a natural person, other than:\n    (i) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; or\n    (b) tax payable by a company in the capacity of a trustee, other than:\n    (i) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n### Division 3—Rates of tax\n\n#### Subdivision B—Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n#### 12 Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n  (1) Except as otherwise provided by this Division, the rates of tax are as set out in Schedule 7.\n  (2) The notional rates for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 8.\n  (4) For every dollar of so much of the net income of a trust estate as is equal to the deemed net income from primary production, the rate of complementary tax for the purposes of subsection 156(5A) of the Assessment Act is the amount ascertained by dividing the amount of the excess referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection by the number of whole dollars in the eligible net income of the trust estate.\n  (6) Subject to sections 13, 14 and 15, the rates of tax payable by a trustee under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 10.\n  (6A) The rate of tax payable by a trustee under paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is as set out in Schedule 10A.\n  (7) The rate of further tax payable by a person under subsection 94(9) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the relevant part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsections 94(10A) and (10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, section 12A and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the person is entitled, would be payable by the person in respect of the taxable income of the person; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the prescribed part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsection 94(10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that would be payable by the person on the person’s taxable income if:\n    (i) the comparison rate described in section 392‑55 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 were the rate of tax payable by the person on that income; and\n    (ii) this subsection and section 12A did not apply; and\n    (iii) the person were not entitled to any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997); and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person.\n  (8) The rate of further tax payable by a trustee under subsection 94(11) or (12) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the relevant part of that net income for the purposes of subsections 94(12A) and (12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.003.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the prescribed part of that net income for the purposes of subsection 94(12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.004.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income if the notional rates declared by this Division for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act were the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income.\n  (9) The rate of tax payable by a trustee in respect of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 99A of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is 45%.\n  (10) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a managed investment trust under subsection 275‑605(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 30%.\n  (11) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑405(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (12) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑415(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (13) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑420(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n\n#### 12A Rate of extra income tax for primary producers\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of extra income tax payable under subsection 392‑35(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 on every dollar of a taxpayer’s averaging component for a year of income.\n  (2) The rate is worked out using the formula:\n  ![Start formula start fraction Averaging adjustment over Averaging component end fraction end formula](image.005.png)\n  Rate if taxable income is less than tax‑free threshold adjusted by family tax assistance\n  (6) In this section:\n\n> averaging adjustment means the taxpayer’s smoothing adjustment, worked out for the year of income under section 392‑75 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> averaging component means the taxpayer’s averaging component in whole dollars, worked out for the year of income under Subdivision 392‑C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n#### Subdivision C—Resident taxpayers, resident beneficiaries and resident trust estates\n\n#### 13 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income of an amount exceeding $416;\n  are as set out in Part I of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit, the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (a) 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (b) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share; and\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies exceeds $416;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies does not exceed $416;\n    (d) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act also applies to a part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates; and\n    (e) the sum of the part referred to in paragraph (b) and the part or parts referred to in paragraph (d) exceeds $416;\n  the trustee of the trust estate referred to in paragraph (a) is liable to pay tax in respect of the share of the net income of the trust estate referred to in that paragraph at the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (5) Where:\n    (a) the amount of tax that a trustee of a trust estate is liable to pay in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate is, by virtue of subsection (4), to be calculated in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (6) Subject to subsection (7), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share; and\n    (c) the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (d) 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (e) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part I of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (7) Subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (8) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (7), subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (9) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (5) or (8) (in this subsection referred to as the relevant subsection) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (6) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection; and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (5) or (8) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (10) The resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times 66% over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.006.png)\n\n#### 14 Limitation on tax payable by certain trustees\n\n  (1) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate does not exceed $416;\n  no tax is payable under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be.\n  (2) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate exceeds $416 but does not exceed the net income phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable by the trustee under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income shall not exceed 50% of the amount by which that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be, exceeds $416, less any rebate or credit to which the trustee is entitled.\n  (3) The net income phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 time 50% over 50% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.007.png)\n\n#### Subdivision D—Non‑resident taxpayers, non‑resident beneficiaries and non‑resident trust estates\n\n#### 15 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income;\n  are as set out in Part II of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act:\n    (a) does not exceed $416—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to that eligible taxable income; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (b) exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part II of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Subject to subsection (5), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (c) where the eligible part of that share does not exceed $416:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to the amount of the eligible part of that share; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (d) where the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (6) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (5), subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (7) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (6) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (4) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part II of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b) if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b); and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a non‑resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (6) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (8) The non‑resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times open bracket 66% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 close bracket over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.008.png)\n\n### Division 4—Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n#### 16 Interpretation\n\n  In this Division:\n\n> beneficiary, in relation to a trust estate, includes a person who is capable (whether by the exercise of a power of appointment or otherwise) of benefiting under the trust.\n\n> eligible pensioner, in relation to a year of income, means a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) a provision of the Social Security Act 1991 other than Part 2.11, 2.12 or 2.15 of that Act;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n#### 18 Part‑year residency period\n\n  (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following periods are part‑year residency periods in relation to a person in relation to a year of income:\n    (a) where the person was a resident at the beginning of the first month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month in the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of the year of income until the end of that subsequent month;\n    (b) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until the end of the year of income—the period from the beginning of that month until the end of the year of income;\n    (c) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month of the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of that first‑mentioned month until the end of that subsequent month.\n  (2) A period shall not be taken to be a part‑year residency period in relation to a person in relation to a year of income if:\n    (a) the person is an eligible pensioner in relation to the year of income; or\n    (b) the period is the whole of the year of income.\n\n#### 20 Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n  Part‑year residency periods\n  (1) This Act applies in relation to a person and a year of income as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the person in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income during which there is a part-year residency period in relation to the person and the year of income over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.009.png)\n  Trustees\n  (1A) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of a share of a beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate of a year of income.\n  (2) However, this Act applies in calculating the tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income when a part-year residency period, or part-year residency periods, in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income subsisted over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.010.png)\n  (3) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 99 of the Assessment Act.\n\n## Part III—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds, certain other trusts and sovereign entities\n\n#### 21 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax does not include tax within the meaning of Part II.\n\n#### 23 Rates of tax payable by companies\n\n  (1A) This section has effect subject to section 23A.\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a company, other than a company in the capacity of a trustee, are as set out in the following provisions of this section.\n  (2) The rate of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company is:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%;\n  if subsections (3) to (5) and section 23A do not apply to the company.\n  (3) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider are:\n    (a) in respect of the RSA component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the standard component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (4) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that becomes a PDF during a year of income and is still a PDF at the end of the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%; and\n    (c) in respect of so much of the taxable income as exceeds the PDF component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (5) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that is a PDF throughout the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%.\n  (6) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than 55% of the amount (if any) by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $416, if:\n    (a) the company is a non‑profit company; and\n    (b) the taxable income is not greater than:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—$762; or\n    (ii) otherwise—$915.\n  (7) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—37.5%; or\n    (b) otherwise—45%;\n  of the amount by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $49,999, if the company is a recognised medium credit union in relation to the year of income.\n\n#### 23AA Meaning of base rate entity\n\n  An entity is a base rate entity for a year of income if:\n    (a) no more than 80% of its assessable income for the year of income is base rate entity passive income; and\n    (b) its aggregated turnover (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) for the year of income, worked out as at the end of that year, is less than $50 million.\n\n#### 23AB Meaning of base rate entity passive income\n\n  (1) Base rate entity passive income is assessable income that is any of the following:\n    (a) a distribution (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a corporate tax entity (within the meaning of that Act), other than a non‑portfolio dividend (within the meaning of section 317 of the Assessment Act);\n    (b) an amount of a franking credit (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) on such a distribution;\n    (c) a non‑share dividend (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a company;\n    (d) interest (or a payment in the nature of interest), royalties and rent;\n    (e) a gain on a qualifying security (within the meaning of Division 16E of Part III of the Assessment Act);\n    (f) a net capital gain (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997);\n    (g) an amount included in the assessable income of a partner in a partnership or of a beneficiary of a trust estate under Division 5 or 6 of Part III of the Assessment Act, to the extent that the amount is referable (either directly or indirectly through one or more interposed partnerships or trust estates) to another amount that is base rate entity passive income under a preceding paragraph of this subsection.\n  (2) However, if an entity has assessable income that is interest (or a payment in the nature of interest):\n    (a) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) if:\n    (i) the entity is a financial institution (within the meaning of section 202A of the Assessment Act); or\n    (ii) the entity is a registered entity (within the meaning of the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001) that carries on a general business of providing finance (within the meaning of that Act) on a commercial basis; or\n    (iii) the entity holds an Australian credit licence (within the meaning of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009), or is a credit representative (within the meaning of that Act) of another entity that holds such an Australian credit licence; or\n    (iv) the entity is a financial services licensee (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001) whose licence covers dealings in financial products mentioned in paragraph 764A(1)(a) of that Act (securities), or is an authorised representative (within the meaning of that Act) of such a financial services licensee; or\n    (v) the entity is an entity of a kind specified in a legislative instrument made under subsection (3); and\n    (b) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) to the extent that it is a return on an equity interest in a company.\n  (3) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, specify one or more kinds of entities for the purposes of subparagraph (2)(a)(v).\n\n#### 23A Rates of tax payable by life insurance companies\n\n  The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a life insurance company are:\n    (a) in respect of the ordinary class—30%; and\n    (b) in respect of the complying superannuation class—15%.\n\n#### 25 Rate of tax payable by trustees of public trading trusts\n\n  The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a public trading trust in respect of the net income of the public trading trust in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 102S of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is:\n    (a) if the trust is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%.\n\n#### 26 Rates of tax payable by trustees of superannuation funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27 Rates of tax payable by trustees of approved deposit funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27A Rates of tax payable by trustees of pooled superannuation trusts\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust in respect of the taxable income of the trust are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n\n#### 28 Rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom section 98 of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a trust estate in respect of a share of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax are:\n    (a) if paragraph 98(3)(b) of the Assessment Act (about beneficiaries that are companies) applies:\n    (i) if the beneficiary is a company to which paragraph 23(2)(a) of this Act applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(a); or\n    (ii) otherwise—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b); and\n    (b) if subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 98(3)(a) of the Assessment Act applies, see subsection 12(6).\n\n#### 28A Rates of tax payable by trustees of AMITs under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 are:\n    (a) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b) of this Act; and\n    (b) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(c) of that Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies, see subsection 12(6A).\n\n#### 29 Rate of tax on no‑TFN contributions income\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of tax payable:\n    (a) by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (b) by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (c) by a company that is an RSA provider in respect of no‑TFN contributions income.\n  (2) The rate of tax is worked out in the following way:\n    (a) first, work out the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income;\n    (b) next, add 2%;\n    (c) next, subtract the rate of tax:\n    (i) for a trustee of a complying superannuation fund—set out in paragraph 26(1)(a); or\n    (ii) for a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund—set out in subsection 26(2); or\n    (iii) for a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23(3)(a); or\n    (iv) for a life insurance company that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23A(b).\n\n#### 30 Rate of tax payable by sovereign entities\n\n  The rate of tax payable in respect of the taxable income of a sovereign entity is 30%, unless another provision of this Part sets the rate of tax in respect of that taxable income.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interpretation","content":"#### 5 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax means:\n    (a) tax payable by a natural person, other than:\n    (i) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; or\n    (b) tax payable by a company in the capacity of a trustee, other than:\n    (i) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"Division 3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Rates of tax","content":"An Act to declare the rates of income tax\n\n## Part I—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Income Tax Rates Act 1986.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act shall come into operation on the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Interpretation\n\n  (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:\n\n> abnormal income amount, in relation to the taxable income of a taxpayer of a year of income, means any above‑average special professional income included in the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year of income under section 405‑15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ADI has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> AMIT (short for attribution managed investment trust) has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> Assessment Act means the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.\n\n> attribution managed investment trust: see AMIT.\n\n> base rate entity has the meaning given by section 23AA.\n\n> base rate entity passive income has the meaning given by section 23AB.\n\n> complying ADF means a complying approved deposit fund as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> determined member component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible ADF means a fund that is a complying approved deposit fund or a non‑complying approved deposit fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible part, in relation to the special income component of the taxable income of a taxpayer, means so much of the special income component as is eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> eligible superannuation fund means a fund that is a complying superannuation fund or a non‑complying superannuation fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> employment termination remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 82 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 or Division 82 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> friendly society has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Life Insurance Act 1995.\n\n> low tax component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> managed investment trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> maximum tax rate provision means any of the following provisions:\n\n    (a) section 82‑10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (b) section 82‑65 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (c) section 82‑70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (d) section 301‑95 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (e) section 301‑105 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (f) section 301‑115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (g) section 82‑10A of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997;\n    (h) section 82‑10C of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.\n\n> net income phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 14(3).\n\n> non‑arm’s length component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑complying ADF means a fund that, at all times during the year of income when the fund is in existence, is an approved deposit fund within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, but does not include a fund that is a complying ADF.\n\n> non‑complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑profit company means:\n\n    (a) a company that is not carried on for the purposes of profit or gain to its individual members and is, by the terms of the company’s constituent document, prohibited from making any distribution, whether in money, property or otherwise, to its members; or\n    (b) a friendly society dispensary.\n\n> non‑resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 15(8).\n\n> non‑resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is not a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> no‑TFN contributions income has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary taxable income means the taxable income, reduced by the superannuation remainder of the taxable income and by the employment termination remainder of the taxable income.\n\n> PDF (pooled development fund) has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> PDF component has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> pooled superannuation trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> prescribed non‑resident, in relation to a year of income, means a person who, at all times during the year of income, is a non‑resident, not being a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) the Social Security Act 1991;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n> prescribed unit trust, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is a public trading trust in relation to the year of income.\n\n> public trading trust, in relation to a year of income, means a unit trust that is a public trading trust, within the meaning of Division 6C of Part III of the Assessment Act, in relation to the year of income.\n\n> reduced taxable income means the part (if any) of the taxable income other than the special income component.\n\n> resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 13(10).\n\n> resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that, under subsection 95(2) of the Assessment Act, is to be taken to be a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> RSA component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> second resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 2 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> SME income component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> sovereign entity has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> special income component, in relation to a taxable income for which there is an abnormal income amount, means:\n\n    (a) so much of the taxable income as does not exceed the abnormal income amount; or\n    (b) if the sum (the component sum) of:\n    (i) the abnormal income amount; and\n    (ii) the superannuation remainder of the taxable income; and\n    (iii) the employment termination remainder of the taxable income;\n    is more than the taxable income—the abnormal income amount, reduced by the amount by which the component sum exceeds the taxable income.\n\n> standard component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> superannuation remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 301 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> tax means income tax imposed as such by any Act other than income tax payable in accordance with section 121H, 126, 128B, 128N, 128NA, 128NB, 128T, 128V, 136A or 159C of the Assessment Act.\n\n> tax‑free threshold means $18,200.\n\n> tax offset has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> third resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 3 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> unregulated investment component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> working holiday maker has the meaning given by subsection 3A(1).\n\n> working holiday taxable income has the meaning given by subsections 3A(2) and (3).\n\n  (2) In this Act:\n    (a) a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income shall be read as a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income, as the case may be, of the year of income; and\n    (b) a reference to eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act shall be read as a reference to eligible taxable income of the year of income for the purposes of that Division.\n  (3) A reference in this Act to the part to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies of the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate shall, if that Division applies to the whole of such a share, be read as a reference to the whole of that share.\n\n#### 3A Working holiday makers and working holiday taxable income\n\n  (1) An individual is a working holiday maker at a particular time if the individual holds at that time:\n    (a) a Subclass 417 (Working Holiday) visa; or\n    (b) a Subclass 462 (Work and Holiday) visa; or\n    (c) a bridging visa permitting the individual to work in Australia if:\n    (i) the bridging visa was granted under the Migration Act 1958 in relation to an application for a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); and\n    (ii) the Minister administering that Act is still to make a decision in relation to the application; and\n    (iii) the most recent visa, other than a bridging visa, granted under that Act to the individual was a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); or\n    (d) a COVID‑19 pandemic event 408 visa (as defined by subclause 9204(1) of Schedule 13 to the Migration Regulations 1994).\n  (2) An individual’s working holiday taxable income for a year of income is the individual’s assessable income for the year of income derived:\n    (a) from sources in Australia; and\n    (b) while the individual is a working holiday maker;\n  less so much of any amount the individual can deduct for the year of income as relates to that assessable income.\n  (3) However, the individual’s working holiday taxable income does not include any superannuation remainder, or employment termination remainder, of the individual’s taxable income for the year of income.\n\n#### 4 Incorporation\n\n  The Assessment Act is incorporated, and shall be read as one, with this Act.\n\n## Part II—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes other than incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds and certain other trusts\n\n### Division 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 5 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax means:\n    (a) tax payable by a natural person, other than:\n    (i) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; or\n    (b) tax payable by a company in the capacity of a trustee, other than:\n    (i) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n### Division 3—Rates of tax\n\n#### Subdivision B—Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n#### 12 Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n  (1) Except as otherwise provided by this Division, the rates of tax are as set out in Schedule 7.\n  (2) The notional rates for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 8.\n  (4) For every dollar of so much of the net income of a trust estate as is equal to the deemed net income from primary production, the rate of complementary tax for the purposes of subsection 156(5A) of the Assessment Act is the amount ascertained by dividing the amount of the excess referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection by the number of whole dollars in the eligible net income of the trust estate.\n  (6) Subject to sections 13, 14 and 15, the rates of tax payable by a trustee under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 10.\n  (6A) The rate of tax payable by a trustee under paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is as set out in Schedule 10A.\n  (7) The rate of further tax payable by a person under subsection 94(9) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the relevant part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsections 94(10A) and (10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, section 12A and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the person is entitled, would be payable by the person in respect of the taxable income of the person; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the prescribed part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsection 94(10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that would be payable by the person on the person’s taxable income if:\n    (i) the comparison rate described in section 392‑55 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 were the rate of tax payable by the person on that income; and\n    (ii) this subsection and section 12A did not apply; and\n    (iii) the person were not entitled to any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997); and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person.\n  (8) The rate of further tax payable by a trustee under subsection 94(11) or (12) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the relevant part of that net income for the purposes of subsections 94(12A) and (12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.003.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the prescribed part of that net income for the purposes of subsection 94(12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.004.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income if the notional rates declared by this Division for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act were the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income.\n  (9) The rate of tax payable by a trustee in respect of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 99A of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is 45%.\n  (10) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a managed investment trust under subsection 275‑605(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 30%.\n  (11) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑405(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (12) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑415(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (13) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑420(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n\n#### 12A Rate of extra income tax for primary producers\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of extra income tax payable under subsection 392‑35(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 on every dollar of a taxpayer’s averaging component for a year of income.\n  (2) The rate is worked out using the formula:\n  ![Start formula start fraction Averaging adjustment over Averaging component end fraction end formula](image.005.png)\n  Rate if taxable income is less than tax‑free threshold adjusted by family tax assistance\n  (6) In this section:\n\n> averaging adjustment means the taxpayer’s smoothing adjustment, worked out for the year of income under section 392‑75 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> averaging component means the taxpayer’s averaging component in whole dollars, worked out for the year of income under Subdivision 392‑C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n#### Subdivision C—Resident taxpayers, resident beneficiaries and resident trust estates\n\n#### 13 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income of an amount exceeding $416;\n  are as set out in Part I of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit, the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (a) 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (b) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share; and\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies exceeds $416;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies does not exceed $416;\n    (d) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act also applies to a part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates; and\n    (e) the sum of the part referred to in paragraph (b) and the part or parts referred to in paragraph (d) exceeds $416;\n  the trustee of the trust estate referred to in paragraph (a) is liable to pay tax in respect of the share of the net income of the trust estate referred to in that paragraph at the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (5) Where:\n    (a) the amount of tax that a trustee of a trust estate is liable to pay in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate is, by virtue of subsection (4), to be calculated in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (6) Subject to subsection (7), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share; and\n    (c) the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (d) 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (e) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part I of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (7) Subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (8) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (7), subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (9) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (5) or (8) (in this subsection referred to as the relevant subsection) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (6) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection; and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (5) or (8) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (10) The resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times 66% over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.006.png)\n\n#### 14 Limitation on tax payable by certain trustees\n\n  (1) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate does not exceed $416;\n  no tax is payable under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be.\n  (2) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate exceeds $416 but does not exceed the net income phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable by the trustee under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income shall not exceed 50% of the amount by which that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be, exceeds $416, less any rebate or credit to which the trustee is entitled.\n  (3) The net income phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 time 50% over 50% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.007.png)\n\n#### Subdivision D—Non‑resident taxpayers, non‑resident beneficiaries and non‑resident trust estates\n\n#### 15 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income;\n  are as set out in Part II of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act:\n    (a) does not exceed $416—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to that eligible taxable income; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (b) exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part II of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Subject to subsection (5), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (c) where the eligible part of that share does not exceed $416:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to the amount of the eligible part of that share; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (d) where the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (6) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (5), subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (7) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (6) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (4) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part II of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b) if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b); and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a non‑resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (6) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (8) The non‑resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times open bracket 66% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 close bracket over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.008.png)\n\n### Division 4—Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n#### 16 Interpretation\n\n  In this Division:\n\n> beneficiary, in relation to a trust estate, includes a person who is capable (whether by the exercise of a power of appointment or otherwise) of benefiting under the trust.\n\n> eligible pensioner, in relation to a year of income, means a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) a provision of the Social Security Act 1991 other than Part 2.11, 2.12 or 2.15 of that Act;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n#### 18 Part‑year residency period\n\n  (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following periods are part‑year residency periods in relation to a person in relation to a year of income:\n    (a) where the person was a resident at the beginning of the first month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month in the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of the year of income until the end of that subsequent month;\n    (b) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until the end of the year of income—the period from the beginning of that month until the end of the year of income;\n    (c) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month of the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of that first‑mentioned month until the end of that subsequent month.\n  (2) A period shall not be taken to be a part‑year residency period in relation to a person in relation to a year of income if:\n    (a) the person is an eligible pensioner in relation to the year of income; or\n    (b) the period is the whole of the year of income.\n\n#### 20 Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n  Part‑year residency periods\n  (1) This Act applies in relation to a person and a year of income as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the person in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income during which there is a part-year residency period in relation to the person and the year of income over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.009.png)\n  Trustees\n  (1A) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of a share of a beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate of a year of income.\n  (2) However, this Act applies in calculating the tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income when a part-year residency period, or part-year residency periods, in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income subsisted over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.010.png)\n  (3) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 99 of the Assessment Act.\n\n## Part III—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds, certain other trusts and sovereign entities\n\n#### 21 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax does not include tax within the meaning of Part II.\n\n#### 23 Rates of tax payable by companies\n\n  (1A) This section has effect subject to section 23A.\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a company, other than a company in the capacity of a trustee, are as set out in the following provisions of this section.\n  (2) The rate of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company is:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%;\n  if subsections (3) to (5) and section 23A do not apply to the company.\n  (3) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider are:\n    (a) in respect of the RSA component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the standard component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (4) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that becomes a PDF during a year of income and is still a PDF at the end of the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%; and\n    (c) in respect of so much of the taxable income as exceeds the PDF component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (5) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that is a PDF throughout the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%.\n  (6) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than 55% of the amount (if any) by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $416, if:\n    (a) the company is a non‑profit company; and\n    (b) the taxable income is not greater than:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—$762; or\n    (ii) otherwise—$915.\n  (7) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—37.5%; or\n    (b) otherwise—45%;\n  of the amount by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $49,999, if the company is a recognised medium credit union in relation to the year of income.\n\n#### 23AA Meaning of base rate entity\n\n  An entity is a base rate entity for a year of income if:\n    (a) no more than 80% of its assessable income for the year of income is base rate entity passive income; and\n    (b) its aggregated turnover (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) for the year of income, worked out as at the end of that year, is less than $50 million.\n\n#### 23AB Meaning of base rate entity passive income\n\n  (1) Base rate entity passive income is assessable income that is any of the following:\n    (a) a distribution (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a corporate tax entity (within the meaning of that Act), other than a non‑portfolio dividend (within the meaning of section 317 of the Assessment Act);\n    (b) an amount of a franking credit (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) on such a distribution;\n    (c) a non‑share dividend (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a company;\n    (d) interest (or a payment in the nature of interest), royalties and rent;\n    (e) a gain on a qualifying security (within the meaning of Division 16E of Part III of the Assessment Act);\n    (f) a net capital gain (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997);\n    (g) an amount included in the assessable income of a partner in a partnership or of a beneficiary of a trust estate under Division 5 or 6 of Part III of the Assessment Act, to the extent that the amount is referable (either directly or indirectly through one or more interposed partnerships or trust estates) to another amount that is base rate entity passive income under a preceding paragraph of this subsection.\n  (2) However, if an entity has assessable income that is interest (or a payment in the nature of interest):\n    (a) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) if:\n    (i) the entity is a financial institution (within the meaning of section 202A of the Assessment Act); or\n    (ii) the entity is a registered entity (within the meaning of the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001) that carries on a general business of providing finance (within the meaning of that Act) on a commercial basis; or\n    (iii) the entity holds an Australian credit licence (within the meaning of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009), or is a credit representative (within the meaning of that Act) of another entity that holds such an Australian credit licence; or\n    (iv) the entity is a financial services licensee (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001) whose licence covers dealings in financial products mentioned in paragraph 764A(1)(a) of that Act (securities), or is an authorised representative (within the meaning of that Act) of such a financial services licensee; or\n    (v) the entity is an entity of a kind specified in a legislative instrument made under subsection (3); and\n    (b) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) to the extent that it is a return on an equity interest in a company.\n  (3) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, specify one or more kinds of entities for the purposes of subparagraph (2)(a)(v).\n\n#### 23A Rates of tax payable by life insurance companies\n\n  The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a life insurance company are:\n    (a) in respect of the ordinary class—30%; and\n    (b) in respect of the complying superannuation class—15%.\n\n#### 25 Rate of tax payable by trustees of public trading trusts\n\n  The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a public trading trust in respect of the net income of the public trading trust in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 102S of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is:\n    (a) if the trust is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%.\n\n#### 26 Rates of tax payable by trustees of superannuation funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27 Rates of tax payable by trustees of approved deposit funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27A Rates of tax payable by trustees of pooled superannuation trusts\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust in respect of the taxable income of the trust are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n\n#### 28 Rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom section 98 of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a trust estate in respect of a share of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax are:\n    (a) if paragraph 98(3)(b) of the Assessment Act (about beneficiaries that are companies) applies:\n    (i) if the beneficiary is a company to which paragraph 23(2)(a) of this Act applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(a); or\n    (ii) otherwise—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b); and\n    (b) if subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 98(3)(a) of the Assessment Act applies, see subsection 12(6).\n\n#### 28A Rates of tax payable by trustees of AMITs under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 are:\n    (a) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b) of this Act; and\n    (b) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(c) of that Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies, see subsection 12(6A).\n\n#### 29 Rate of tax on no‑TFN contributions income\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of tax payable:\n    (a) by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (b) by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (c) by a company that is an RSA provider in respect of no‑TFN contributions income.\n  (2) The rate of tax is worked out in the following way:\n    (a) first, work out the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income;\n    (b) next, add 2%;\n    (c) next, subtract the rate of tax:\n    (i) for a trustee of a complying superannuation fund—set out in paragraph 26(1)(a); or\n    (ii) for a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund—set out in subsection 26(2); or\n    (iii) for a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23(3)(a); or\n    (iv) for a life insurance company that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23A(b).\n\n#### 30 Rate of tax payable by sovereign entities\n\n  The rate of tax payable in respect of the taxable income of a sovereign entity is 30%, unless another provision of this Part sets the rate of tax in respect of that taxable income.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"Subdivision B","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Rates of tax and notional rates","content":"An Act to declare the rates of income tax\n\n## Part I—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Income Tax Rates Act 1986.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act shall come into operation on the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Interpretation\n\n  (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:\n\n> abnormal income amount, in relation to the taxable income of a taxpayer of a year of income, means any above‑average special professional income included in the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year of income under section 405‑15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ADI has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> AMIT (short for attribution managed investment trust) has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> Assessment Act means the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.\n\n> attribution managed investment trust: see AMIT.\n\n> base rate entity has the meaning given by section 23AA.\n\n> base rate entity passive income has the meaning given by section 23AB.\n\n> complying ADF means a complying approved deposit fund as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> determined member component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible ADF means a fund that is a complying approved deposit fund or a non‑complying approved deposit fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible part, in relation to the special income component of the taxable income of a taxpayer, means so much of the special income component as is eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> eligible superannuation fund means a fund that is a complying superannuation fund or a non‑complying superannuation fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> employment termination remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 82 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 or Division 82 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> friendly society has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Life Insurance Act 1995.\n\n> low tax component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> managed investment trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> maximum tax rate provision means any of the following provisions:\n\n    (a) section 82‑10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (b) section 82‑65 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (c) section 82‑70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (d) section 301‑95 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (e) section 301‑105 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (f) section 301‑115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (g) section 82‑10A of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997;\n    (h) section 82‑10C of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.\n\n> net income phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 14(3).\n\n> non‑arm’s length component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑complying ADF means a fund that, at all times during the year of income when the fund is in existence, is an approved deposit fund within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, but does not include a fund that is a complying ADF.\n\n> non‑complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑profit company means:\n\n    (a) a company that is not carried on for the purposes of profit or gain to its individual members and is, by the terms of the company’s constituent document, prohibited from making any distribution, whether in money, property or otherwise, to its members; or\n    (b) a friendly society dispensary.\n\n> non‑resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 15(8).\n\n> non‑resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is not a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> no‑TFN contributions income has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary taxable income means the taxable income, reduced by the superannuation remainder of the taxable income and by the employment termination remainder of the taxable income.\n\n> PDF (pooled development fund) has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> PDF component has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> pooled superannuation trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> prescribed non‑resident, in relation to a year of income, means a person who, at all times during the year of income, is a non‑resident, not being a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) the Social Security Act 1991;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n> prescribed unit trust, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is a public trading trust in relation to the year of income.\n\n> public trading trust, in relation to a year of income, means a unit trust that is a public trading trust, within the meaning of Division 6C of Part III of the Assessment Act, in relation to the year of income.\n\n> reduced taxable income means the part (if any) of the taxable income other than the special income component.\n\n> resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 13(10).\n\n> resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that, under subsection 95(2) of the Assessment Act, is to be taken to be a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> RSA component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> second resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 2 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> SME income component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> sovereign entity has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> special income component, in relation to a taxable income for which there is an abnormal income amount, means:\n\n    (a) so much of the taxable income as does not exceed the abnormal income amount; or\n    (b) if the sum (the component sum) of:\n    (i) the abnormal income amount; and\n    (ii) the superannuation remainder of the taxable income; and\n    (iii) the employment termination remainder of the taxable income;\n    is more than the taxable income—the abnormal income amount, reduced by the amount by which the component sum exceeds the taxable income.\n\n> standard component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> superannuation remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 301 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> tax means income tax imposed as such by any Act other than income tax payable in accordance with section 121H, 126, 128B, 128N, 128NA, 128NB, 128T, 128V, 136A or 159C of the Assessment Act.\n\n> tax‑free threshold means $18,200.\n\n> tax offset has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> third resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 3 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> unregulated investment component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> working holiday maker has the meaning given by subsection 3A(1).\n\n> working holiday taxable income has the meaning given by subsections 3A(2) and (3).\n\n  (2) In this Act:\n    (a) a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income shall be read as a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income, as the case may be, of the year of income; and\n    (b) a reference to eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act shall be read as a reference to eligible taxable income of the year of income for the purposes of that Division.\n  (3) A reference in this Act to the part to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies of the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate shall, if that Division applies to the whole of such a share, be read as a reference to the whole of that share.\n\n#### 3A Working holiday makers and working holiday taxable income\n\n  (1) An individual is a working holiday maker at a particular time if the individual holds at that time:\n    (a) a Subclass 417 (Working Holiday) visa; or\n    (b) a Subclass 462 (Work and Holiday) visa; or\n    (c) a bridging visa permitting the individual to work in Australia if:\n    (i) the bridging visa was granted under the Migration Act 1958 in relation to an application for a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); and\n    (ii) the Minister administering that Act is still to make a decision in relation to the application; and\n    (iii) the most recent visa, other than a bridging visa, granted under that Act to the individual was a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); or\n    (d) a COVID‑19 pandemic event 408 visa (as defined by subclause 9204(1) of Schedule 13 to the Migration Regulations 1994).\n  (2) An individual’s working holiday taxable income for a year of income is the individual’s assessable income for the year of income derived:\n    (a) from sources in Australia; and\n    (b) while the individual is a working holiday maker;\n  less so much of any amount the individual can deduct for the year of income as relates to that assessable income.\n  (3) However, the individual’s working holiday taxable income does not include any superannuation remainder, or employment termination remainder, of the individual’s taxable income for the year of income.\n\n#### 4 Incorporation\n\n  The Assessment Act is incorporated, and shall be read as one, with this Act.\n\n## Part II—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes other than incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds and certain other trusts\n\n### Division 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 5 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax means:\n    (a) tax payable by a natural person, other than:\n    (i) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; or\n    (b) tax payable by a company in the capacity of a trustee, other than:\n    (i) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n### Division 3—Rates of tax\n\n#### Subdivision B—Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n#### 12 Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n  (1) Except as otherwise provided by this Division, the rates of tax are as set out in Schedule 7.\n  (2) The notional rates for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 8.\n  (4) For every dollar of so much of the net income of a trust estate as is equal to the deemed net income from primary production, the rate of complementary tax for the purposes of subsection 156(5A) of the Assessment Act is the amount ascertained by dividing the amount of the excess referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection by the number of whole dollars in the eligible net income of the trust estate.\n  (6) Subject to sections 13, 14 and 15, the rates of tax payable by a trustee under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 10.\n  (6A) The rate of tax payable by a trustee under paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is as set out in Schedule 10A.\n  (7) The rate of further tax payable by a person under subsection 94(9) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the relevant part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsections 94(10A) and (10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, section 12A and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the person is entitled, would be payable by the person in respect of the taxable income of the person; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the prescribed part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsection 94(10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that would be payable by the person on the person’s taxable income if:\n    (i) the comparison rate described in section 392‑55 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 were the rate of tax payable by the person on that income; and\n    (ii) this subsection and section 12A did not apply; and\n    (iii) the person were not entitled to any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997); and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person.\n  (8) The rate of further tax payable by a trustee under subsection 94(11) or (12) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the relevant part of that net income for the purposes of subsections 94(12A) and (12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.003.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the prescribed part of that net income for the purposes of subsection 94(12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.004.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income if the notional rates declared by this Division for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act were the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income.\n  (9) The rate of tax payable by a trustee in respect of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 99A of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is 45%.\n  (10) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a managed investment trust under subsection 275‑605(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 30%.\n  (11) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑405(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (12) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑415(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (13) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑420(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n\n#### 12A Rate of extra income tax for primary producers\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of extra income tax payable under subsection 392‑35(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 on every dollar of a taxpayer’s averaging component for a year of income.\n  (2) The rate is worked out using the formula:\n  ![Start formula start fraction Averaging adjustment over Averaging component end fraction end formula](image.005.png)\n  Rate if taxable income is less than tax‑free threshold adjusted by family tax assistance\n  (6) In this section:\n\n> averaging adjustment means the taxpayer’s smoothing adjustment, worked out for the year of income under section 392‑75 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> averaging component means the taxpayer’s averaging component in whole dollars, worked out for the year of income under Subdivision 392‑C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n#### Subdivision C—Resident taxpayers, resident beneficiaries and resident trust estates\n\n#### 13 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income of an amount exceeding $416;\n  are as set out in Part I of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit, the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (a) 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (b) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share; and\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies exceeds $416;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies does not exceed $416;\n    (d) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act also applies to a part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates; and\n    (e) the sum of the part referred to in paragraph (b) and the part or parts referred to in paragraph (d) exceeds $416;\n  the trustee of the trust estate referred to in paragraph (a) is liable to pay tax in respect of the share of the net income of the trust estate referred to in that paragraph at the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (5) Where:\n    (a) the amount of tax that a trustee of a trust estate is liable to pay in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate is, by virtue of subsection (4), to be calculated in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (6) Subject to subsection (7), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share; and\n    (c) the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (d) 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (e) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part I of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (7) Subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (8) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (7), subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (9) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (5) or (8) (in this subsection referred to as the relevant subsection) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (6) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection; and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (5) or (8) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (10) The resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times 66% over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.006.png)\n\n#### 14 Limitation on tax payable by certain trustees\n\n  (1) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate does not exceed $416;\n  no tax is payable under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be.\n  (2) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate exceeds $416 but does not exceed the net income phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable by the trustee under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income shall not exceed 50% of the amount by which that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be, exceeds $416, less any rebate or credit to which the trustee is entitled.\n  (3) The net income phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 time 50% over 50% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.007.png)\n\n#### Subdivision D—Non‑resident taxpayers, non‑resident beneficiaries and non‑resident trust estates\n\n#### 15 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income;\n  are as set out in Part II of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act:\n    (a) does not exceed $416—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to that eligible taxable income; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (b) exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part II of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Subject to subsection (5), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (c) where the eligible part of that share does not exceed $416:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to the amount of the eligible part of that share; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (d) where the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (6) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (5), subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (7) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (6) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (4) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part II of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b) if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b); and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a non‑resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (6) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (8) The non‑resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times open bracket 66% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 close bracket over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.008.png)\n\n### Division 4—Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n#### 16 Interpretation\n\n  In this Division:\n\n> beneficiary, in relation to a trust estate, includes a person who is capable (whether by the exercise of a power of appointment or otherwise) of benefiting under the trust.\n\n> eligible pensioner, in relation to a year of income, means a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) a provision of the Social Security Act 1991 other than Part 2.11, 2.12 or 2.15 of that Act;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n#### 18 Part‑year residency period\n\n  (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following periods are part‑year residency periods in relation to a person in relation to a year of income:\n    (a) where the person was a resident at the beginning of the first month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month in the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of the year of income until the end of that subsequent month;\n    (b) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until the end of the year of income—the period from the beginning of that month until the end of the year of income;\n    (c) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month of the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of that first‑mentioned month until the end of that subsequent month.\n  (2) A period shall not be taken to be a part‑year residency period in relation to a person in relation to a year of income if:\n    (a) the person is an eligible pensioner in relation to the year of income; or\n    (b) the period is the whole of the year of income.\n\n#### 20 Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n  Part‑year residency periods\n  (1) This Act applies in relation to a person and a year of income as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the person in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income during which there is a part-year residency period in relation to the person and the year of income over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.009.png)\n  Trustees\n  (1A) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of a share of a beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate of a year of income.\n  (2) However, this Act applies in calculating the tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income when a part-year residency period, or part-year residency periods, in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income subsisted over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.010.png)\n  (3) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 99 of the Assessment Act.\n\n## Part III—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds, certain other trusts and sovereign entities\n\n#### 21 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax does not include tax within the meaning of Part II.\n\n#### 23 Rates of tax payable by companies\n\n  (1A) This section has effect subject to section 23A.\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a company, other than a company in the capacity of a trustee, are as set out in the following provisions of this section.\n  (2) The rate of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company is:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%;\n  if subsections (3) to (5) and section 23A do not apply to the company.\n  (3) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider are:\n    (a) in respect of the RSA component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the standard component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (4) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that becomes a PDF during a year of income and is still a PDF at the end of the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%; and\n    (c) in respect of so much of the taxable income as exceeds the PDF component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (5) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that is a PDF throughout the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%.\n  (6) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than 55% of the amount (if any) by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $416, if:\n    (a) the company is a non‑profit company; and\n    (b) the taxable income is not greater than:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—$762; or\n    (ii) otherwise—$915.\n  (7) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—37.5%; or\n    (b) otherwise—45%;\n  of the amount by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $49,999, if the company is a recognised medium credit union in relation to the year of income.\n\n#### 23AA Meaning of base rate entity\n\n  An entity is a base rate entity for a year of income if:\n    (a) no more than 80% of its assessable income for the year of income is base rate entity passive income; and\n    (b) its aggregated turnover (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) for the year of income, worked out as at the end of that year, is less than $50 million.\n\n#### 23AB Meaning of base rate entity passive income\n\n  (1) Base rate entity passive income is assessable income that is any of the following:\n    (a) a distribution (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a corporate tax entity (within the meaning of that Act), other than a non‑portfolio dividend (within the meaning of section 317 of the Assessment Act);\n    (b) an amount of a franking credit (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) on such a distribution;\n    (c) a non‑share dividend (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a company;\n    (d) interest (or a payment in the nature of interest), royalties and rent;\n    (e) a gain on a qualifying security (within the meaning of Division 16E of Part III of the Assessment Act);\n    (f) a net capital gain (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997);\n    (g) an amount included in the assessable income of a partner in a partnership or of a beneficiary of a trust estate under Division 5 or 6 of Part III of the Assessment Act, to the extent that the amount is referable (either directly or indirectly through one or more interposed partnerships or trust estates) to another amount that is base rate entity passive income under a preceding paragraph of this subsection.\n  (2) However, if an entity has assessable income that is interest (or a payment in the nature of interest):\n    (a) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) if:\n    (i) the entity is a financial institution (within the meaning of section 202A of the Assessment Act); or\n    (ii) the entity is a registered entity (within the meaning of the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001) that carries on a general business of providing finance (within the meaning of that Act) on a commercial basis; or\n    (iii) the entity holds an Australian credit licence (within the meaning of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009), or is a credit representative (within the meaning of that Act) of another entity that holds such an Australian credit licence; or\n    (iv) the entity is a financial services licensee (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001) whose licence covers dealings in financial products mentioned in paragraph 764A(1)(a) of that Act (securities), or is an authorised representative (within the meaning of that Act) of such a financial services licensee; or\n    (v) the entity is an entity of a kind specified in a legislative instrument made under subsection (3); and\n    (b) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) to the extent that it is a return on an equity interest in a company.\n  (3) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, specify one or more kinds of entities for the purposes of subparagraph (2)(a)(v).\n\n#### 23A Rates of tax payable by life insurance companies\n\n  The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a life insurance company are:\n    (a) in respect of the ordinary class—30%; and\n    (b) in respect of the complying superannuation class—15%.\n\n#### 25 Rate of tax payable by trustees of public trading trusts\n\n  The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a public trading trust in respect of the net income of the public trading trust in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 102S of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is:\n    (a) if the trust is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%.\n\n#### 26 Rates of tax payable by trustees of superannuation funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27 Rates of tax payable by trustees of approved deposit funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27A Rates of tax payable by trustees of pooled superannuation trusts\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust in respect of the taxable income of the trust are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n\n#### 28 Rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom section 98 of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a trust estate in respect of a share of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax are:\n    (a) if paragraph 98(3)(b) of the Assessment Act (about beneficiaries that are companies) applies:\n    (i) if the beneficiary is a company to which paragraph 23(2)(a) of this Act applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(a); or\n    (ii) otherwise—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b); and\n    (b) if subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 98(3)(a) of the Assessment Act applies, see subsection 12(6).\n\n#### 28A Rates of tax payable by trustees of AMITs under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 are:\n    (a) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b) of this Act; and\n    (b) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(c) of that Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies, see subsection 12(6A).\n\n#### 29 Rate of tax on no‑TFN contributions income\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of tax payable:\n    (a) by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (b) by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (c) by a company that is an RSA provider in respect of no‑TFN contributions income.\n  (2) The rate of tax is worked out in the following way:\n    (a) first, work out the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income;\n    (b) next, add 2%;\n    (c) next, subtract the rate of tax:\n    (i) for a trustee of a complying superannuation fund—set out in paragraph 26(1)(a); or\n    (ii) for a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund—set out in subsection 26(2); or\n    (iii) for a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23(3)(a); or\n    (iv) for a life insurance company that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23A(b).\n\n#### 30 Rate of tax payable by sovereign entities\n\n  The rate of tax payable in respect of the taxable income of a sovereign entity is 30%, unless another provision of this Part sets the rate of tax in respect of that taxable income.","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax and notional rates","content":"#### 12 Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n  (1) Except as otherwise provided by this Division, the rates of tax are as set out in Schedule 7.\n  (2) The notional rates for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 8.\n  (4) For every dollar of so much of the net income of a trust estate as is equal to the deemed net income from primary production, the rate of complementary tax for the purposes of subsection 156(5A) of the Assessment Act is the amount ascertained by dividing the amount of the excess referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection by the number of whole dollars in the eligible net income of the trust estate.\n  (6) Subject to sections 13, 14 and 15, the rates of tax payable by a trustee under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 10.\n  (6A) The rate of tax payable by a trustee under paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is as set out in Schedule 10A.\n  (7) The rate of further tax payable by a person under subsection 94(9) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the relevant part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsections 94(10A) and (10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, section 12A and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the person is entitled, would be payable by the person in respect of the taxable income of the person; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the prescribed part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsection 94(10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that would be payable by the person on the person’s taxable income if:\n    (i) the comparison rate described in section 392‑55 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 were the rate of tax payable by the person on that income; and\n    (ii) this subsection and section 12A did not apply; and\n    (iii) the person were not entitled to any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997); and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person.\n  (8) The rate of further tax payable by a trustee under subsection 94(11) or (12) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the relevant part of that net income for the purposes of subsections 94(12A) and (12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.003.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the prescribed part of that net income for the purposes of subsection 94(12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.004.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income if the notional rates declared by this Division for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act were the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income.\n  (9) The rate of tax payable by a trustee in respect of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 99A of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is 45%.\n  (10) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a managed investment trust under subsection 275‑605(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 30%.\n  (11) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑405(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (12) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑415(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (13) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑420(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"12A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rate of extra income tax for primary producers","content":"#### 12A Rate of extra income tax for primary producers\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of extra income tax payable under subsection 392‑35(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 on every dollar of a taxpayer’s averaging component for a year of income.\n  (2) The rate is worked out using the formula:\n  ![Start formula start fraction Averaging adjustment over Averaging component end fraction end formula](image.005.png)\n  Rate if taxable income is less than tax‑free threshold adjusted by family tax assistance\n  (6) In this section:\n\n> averaging adjustment means the taxpayer’s smoothing adjustment, worked out for the year of income under section 392‑75 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> averaging component means the taxpayer’s averaging component in whole dollars, worked out for the year of income under Subdivision 392‑C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"Subdivision C","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Resident taxpayers, resident beneficiaries and resident trust estates","content":"An Act to declare the rates of income tax\n\n## Part I—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Income Tax Rates Act 1986.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act shall come into operation on the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Interpretation\n\n  (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:\n\n> abnormal income amount, in relation to the taxable income of a taxpayer of a year of income, means any above‑average special professional income included in the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year of income under section 405‑15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ADI has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> AMIT (short for attribution managed investment trust) has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> Assessment Act means the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.\n\n> attribution managed investment trust: see AMIT.\n\n> base rate entity has the meaning given by section 23AA.\n\n> base rate entity passive income has the meaning given by section 23AB.\n\n> complying ADF means a complying approved deposit fund as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> determined member component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible ADF means a fund that is a complying approved deposit fund or a non‑complying approved deposit fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible part, in relation to the special income component of the taxable income of a taxpayer, means so much of the special income component as is eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> eligible superannuation fund means a fund that is a complying superannuation fund or a non‑complying superannuation fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> employment termination remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 82 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 or Division 82 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> friendly society has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Life Insurance Act 1995.\n\n> low tax component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> managed investment trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> maximum tax rate provision means any of the following provisions:\n\n    (a) section 82‑10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (b) section 82‑65 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (c) section 82‑70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (d) section 301‑95 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (e) section 301‑105 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (f) section 301‑115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (g) section 82‑10A of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997;\n    (h) section 82‑10C of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.\n\n> net income phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 14(3).\n\n> non‑arm’s length component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑complying ADF means a fund that, at all times during the year of income when the fund is in existence, is an approved deposit fund within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, but does not include a fund that is a complying ADF.\n\n> non‑complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑profit company means:\n\n    (a) a company that is not carried on for the purposes of profit or gain to its individual members and is, by the terms of the company’s constituent document, prohibited from making any distribution, whether in money, property or otherwise, to its members; or\n    (b) a friendly society dispensary.\n\n> non‑resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 15(8).\n\n> non‑resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is not a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> no‑TFN contributions income has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary taxable income means the taxable income, reduced by the superannuation remainder of the taxable income and by the employment termination remainder of the taxable income.\n\n> PDF (pooled development fund) has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> PDF component has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> pooled superannuation trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> prescribed non‑resident, in relation to a year of income, means a person who, at all times during the year of income, is a non‑resident, not being a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) the Social Security Act 1991;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n> prescribed unit trust, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is a public trading trust in relation to the year of income.\n\n> public trading trust, in relation to a year of income, means a unit trust that is a public trading trust, within the meaning of Division 6C of Part III of the Assessment Act, in relation to the year of income.\n\n> reduced taxable income means the part (if any) of the taxable income other than the special income component.\n\n> resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 13(10).\n\n> resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that, under subsection 95(2) of the Assessment Act, is to be taken to be a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> RSA component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> second resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 2 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> SME income component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> sovereign entity has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> special income component, in relation to a taxable income for which there is an abnormal income amount, means:\n\n    (a) so much of the taxable income as does not exceed the abnormal income amount; or\n    (b) if the sum (the component sum) of:\n    (i) the abnormal income amount; and\n    (ii) the superannuation remainder of the taxable income; and\n    (iii) the employment termination remainder of the taxable income;\n    is more than the taxable income—the abnormal income amount, reduced by the amount by which the component sum exceeds the taxable income.\n\n> standard component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> superannuation remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 301 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> tax means income tax imposed as such by any Act other than income tax payable in accordance with section 121H, 126, 128B, 128N, 128NA, 128NB, 128T, 128V, 136A or 159C of the Assessment Act.\n\n> tax‑free threshold means $18,200.\n\n> tax offset has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> third resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 3 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> unregulated investment component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> working holiday maker has the meaning given by subsection 3A(1).\n\n> working holiday taxable income has the meaning given by subsections 3A(2) and (3).\n\n  (2) In this Act:\n    (a) a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income shall be read as a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income, as the case may be, of the year of income; and\n    (b) a reference to eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act shall be read as a reference to eligible taxable income of the year of income for the purposes of that Division.\n  (3) A reference in this Act to the part to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies of the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate shall, if that Division applies to the whole of such a share, be read as a reference to the whole of that share.\n\n#### 3A Working holiday makers and working holiday taxable income\n\n  (1) An individual is a working holiday maker at a particular time if the individual holds at that time:\n    (a) a Subclass 417 (Working Holiday) visa; or\n    (b) a Subclass 462 (Work and Holiday) visa; or\n    (c) a bridging visa permitting the individual to work in Australia if:\n    (i) the bridging visa was granted under the Migration Act 1958 in relation to an application for a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); and\n    (ii) the Minister administering that Act is still to make a decision in relation to the application; and\n    (iii) the most recent visa, other than a bridging visa, granted under that Act to the individual was a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); or\n    (d) a COVID‑19 pandemic event 408 visa (as defined by subclause 9204(1) of Schedule 13 to the Migration Regulations 1994).\n  (2) An individual’s working holiday taxable income for a year of income is the individual’s assessable income for the year of income derived:\n    (a) from sources in Australia; and\n    (b) while the individual is a working holiday maker;\n  less so much of any amount the individual can deduct for the year of income as relates to that assessable income.\n  (3) However, the individual’s working holiday taxable income does not include any superannuation remainder, or employment termination remainder, of the individual’s taxable income for the year of income.\n\n#### 4 Incorporation\n\n  The Assessment Act is incorporated, and shall be read as one, with this Act.\n\n## Part II—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes other than incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds and certain other trusts\n\n### Division 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 5 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax means:\n    (a) tax payable by a natural person, other than:\n    (i) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; or\n    (b) tax payable by a company in the capacity of a trustee, other than:\n    (i) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n### Division 3—Rates of tax\n\n#### Subdivision B—Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n#### 12 Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n  (1) Except as otherwise provided by this Division, the rates of tax are as set out in Schedule 7.\n  (2) The notional rates for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 8.\n  (4) For every dollar of so much of the net income of a trust estate as is equal to the deemed net income from primary production, the rate of complementary tax for the purposes of subsection 156(5A) of the Assessment Act is the amount ascertained by dividing the amount of the excess referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection by the number of whole dollars in the eligible net income of the trust estate.\n  (6) Subject to sections 13, 14 and 15, the rates of tax payable by a trustee under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 10.\n  (6A) The rate of tax payable by a trustee under paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is as set out in Schedule 10A.\n  (7) The rate of further tax payable by a person under subsection 94(9) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the relevant part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsections 94(10A) and (10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, section 12A and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the person is entitled, would be payable by the person in respect of the taxable income of the person; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the prescribed part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsection 94(10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that would be payable by the person on the person’s taxable income if:\n    (i) the comparison rate described in section 392‑55 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 were the rate of tax payable by the person on that income; and\n    (ii) this subsection and section 12A did not apply; and\n    (iii) the person were not entitled to any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997); and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person.\n  (8) The rate of further tax payable by a trustee under subsection 94(11) or (12) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the relevant part of that net income for the purposes of subsections 94(12A) and (12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.003.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the prescribed part of that net income for the purposes of subsection 94(12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.004.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income if the notional rates declared by this Division for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act were the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income.\n  (9) The rate of tax payable by a trustee in respect of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 99A of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is 45%.\n  (10) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a managed investment trust under subsection 275‑605(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 30%.\n  (11) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑405(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (12) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑415(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (13) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑420(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n\n#### 12A Rate of extra income tax for primary producers\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of extra income tax payable under subsection 392‑35(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 on every dollar of a taxpayer’s averaging component for a year of income.\n  (2) The rate is worked out using the formula:\n  ![Start formula start fraction Averaging adjustment over Averaging component end fraction end formula](image.005.png)\n  Rate if taxable income is less than tax‑free threshold adjusted by family tax assistance\n  (6) In this section:\n\n> averaging adjustment means the taxpayer’s smoothing adjustment, worked out for the year of income under section 392‑75 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> averaging component means the taxpayer’s averaging component in whole dollars, worked out for the year of income under Subdivision 392‑C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n#### Subdivision C—Resident taxpayers, resident beneficiaries and resident trust estates\n\n#### 13 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income of an amount exceeding $416;\n  are as set out in Part I of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit, the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (a) 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (b) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share; and\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies exceeds $416;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies does not exceed $416;\n    (d) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act also applies to a part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates; and\n    (e) the sum of the part referred to in paragraph (b) and the part or parts referred to in paragraph (d) exceeds $416;\n  the trustee of the trust estate referred to in paragraph (a) is liable to pay tax in respect of the share of the net income of the trust estate referred to in that paragraph at the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (5) Where:\n    (a) the amount of tax that a trustee of a trust estate is liable to pay in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate is, by virtue of subsection (4), to be calculated in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (6) Subject to subsection (7), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share; and\n    (c) the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (d) 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (e) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part I of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (7) Subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (8) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (7), subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (9) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (5) or (8) (in this subsection referred to as the relevant subsection) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (6) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection; and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (5) or (8) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (10) The resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times 66% over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.006.png)\n\n#### 14 Limitation on tax payable by certain trustees\n\n  (1) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate does not exceed $416;\n  no tax is payable under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be.\n  (2) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate exceeds $416 but does not exceed the net income phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable by the trustee under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income shall not exceed 50% of the amount by which that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be, exceeds $416, less any rebate or credit to which the trustee is entitled.\n  (3) The net income phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 time 50% over 50% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.007.png)\n\n#### Subdivision D—Non‑resident taxpayers, non‑resident beneficiaries and non‑resident trust estates\n\n#### 15 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income;\n  are as set out in Part II of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act:\n    (a) does not exceed $416—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to that eligible taxable income; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (b) exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part II of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Subject to subsection (5), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (c) where the eligible part of that share does not exceed $416:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to the amount of the eligible part of that share; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (d) where the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (6) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (5), subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (7) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (6) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (4) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part II of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b) if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b); and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a non‑resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (6) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (8) The non‑resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times open bracket 66% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 close bracket over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.008.png)\n\n### Division 4—Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n#### 16 Interpretation\n\n  In this Division:\n\n> beneficiary, in relation to a trust estate, includes a person who is capable (whether by the exercise of a power of appointment or otherwise) of benefiting under the trust.\n\n> eligible pensioner, in relation to a year of income, means a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) a provision of the Social Security Act 1991 other than Part 2.11, 2.12 or 2.15 of that Act;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n#### 18 Part‑year residency period\n\n  (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following periods are part‑year residency periods in relation to a person in relation to a year of income:\n    (a) where the person was a resident at the beginning of the first month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month in the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of the year of income until the end of that subsequent month;\n    (b) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until the end of the year of income—the period from the beginning of that month until the end of the year of income;\n    (c) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month of the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of that first‑mentioned month until the end of that subsequent month.\n  (2) A period shall not be taken to be a part‑year residency period in relation to a person in relation to a year of income if:\n    (a) the person is an eligible pensioner in relation to the year of income; or\n    (b) the period is the whole of the year of income.\n\n#### 20 Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n  Part‑year residency periods\n  (1) This Act applies in relation to a person and a year of income as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the person in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income during which there is a part-year residency period in relation to the person and the year of income over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.009.png)\n  Trustees\n  (1A) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of a share of a beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate of a year of income.\n  (2) However, this Act applies in calculating the tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income when a part-year residency period, or part-year residency periods, in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income subsisted over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.010.png)\n  (3) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 99 of the Assessment Act.\n\n## Part III—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds, certain other trusts and sovereign entities\n\n#### 21 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax does not include tax within the meaning of Part II.\n\n#### 23 Rates of tax payable by companies\n\n  (1A) This section has effect subject to section 23A.\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a company, other than a company in the capacity of a trustee, are as set out in the following provisions of this section.\n  (2) The rate of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company is:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%;\n  if subsections (3) to (5) and section 23A do not apply to the company.\n  (3) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider are:\n    (a) in respect of the RSA component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the standard component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (4) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that becomes a PDF during a year of income and is still a PDF at the end of the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%; and\n    (c) in respect of so much of the taxable income as exceeds the PDF component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (5) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that is a PDF throughout the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%.\n  (6) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than 55% of the amount (if any) by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $416, if:\n    (a) the company is a non‑profit company; and\n    (b) the taxable income is not greater than:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—$762; or\n    (ii) otherwise—$915.\n  (7) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—37.5%; or\n    (b) otherwise—45%;\n  of the amount by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $49,999, if the company is a recognised medium credit union in relation to the year of income.\n\n#### 23AA Meaning of base rate entity\n\n  An entity is a base rate entity for a year of income if:\n    (a) no more than 80% of its assessable income for the year of income is base rate entity passive income; and\n    (b) its aggregated turnover (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) for the year of income, worked out as at the end of that year, is less than $50 million.\n\n#### 23AB Meaning of base rate entity passive income\n\n  (1) Base rate entity passive income is assessable income that is any of the following:\n    (a) a distribution (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a corporate tax entity (within the meaning of that Act), other than a non‑portfolio dividend (within the meaning of section 317 of the Assessment Act);\n    (b) an amount of a franking credit (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) on such a distribution;\n    (c) a non‑share dividend (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a company;\n    (d) interest (or a payment in the nature of interest), royalties and rent;\n    (e) a gain on a qualifying security (within the meaning of Division 16E of Part III of the Assessment Act);\n    (f) a net capital gain (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997);\n    (g) an amount included in the assessable income of a partner in a partnership or of a beneficiary of a trust estate under Division 5 or 6 of Part III of the Assessment Act, to the extent that the amount is referable (either directly or indirectly through one or more interposed partnerships or trust estates) to another amount that is base rate entity passive income under a preceding paragraph of this subsection.\n  (2) However, if an entity has assessable income that is interest (or a payment in the nature of interest):\n    (a) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) if:\n    (i) the entity is a financial institution (within the meaning of section 202A of the Assessment Act); or\n    (ii) the entity is a registered entity (within the meaning of the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001) that carries on a general business of providing finance (within the meaning of that Act) on a commercial basis; or\n    (iii) the entity holds an Australian credit licence (within the meaning of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009), or is a credit representative (within the meaning of that Act) of another entity that holds such an Australian credit licence; or\n    (iv) the entity is a financial services licensee (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001) whose licence covers dealings in financial products mentioned in paragraph 764A(1)(a) of that Act (securities), or is an authorised representative (within the meaning of that Act) of such a financial services licensee; or\n    (v) the entity is an entity of a kind specified in a legislative instrument made under subsection (3); and\n    (b) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) to the extent that it is a return on an equity interest in a company.\n  (3) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, specify one or more kinds of entities for the purposes of subparagraph (2)(a)(v).\n\n#### 23A Rates of tax payable by life insurance companies\n\n  The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a life insurance company are:\n    (a) in respect of the ordinary class—30%; and\n    (b) in respect of the complying superannuation class—15%.\n\n#### 25 Rate of tax payable by trustees of public trading trusts\n\n  The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a public trading trust in respect of the net income of the public trading trust in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 102S of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is:\n    (a) if the trust is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%.\n\n#### 26 Rates of tax payable by trustees of superannuation funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27 Rates of tax payable by trustees of approved deposit funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27A Rates of tax payable by trustees of pooled superannuation trusts\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust in respect of the taxable income of the trust are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n\n#### 28 Rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom section 98 of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a trust estate in respect of a share of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax are:\n    (a) if paragraph 98(3)(b) of the Assessment Act (about beneficiaries that are companies) applies:\n    (i) if the beneficiary is a company to which paragraph 23(2)(a) of this Act applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(a); or\n    (ii) otherwise—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b); and\n    (b) if subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 98(3)(a) of the Assessment Act applies, see subsection 12(6).\n\n#### 28A Rates of tax payable by trustees of AMITs under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 are:\n    (a) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b) of this Act; and\n    (b) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(c) of that Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies, see subsection 12(6A).\n\n#### 29 Rate of tax on no‑TFN contributions income\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of tax payable:\n    (a) by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (b) by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (c) by a company that is an RSA provider in respect of no‑TFN contributions income.\n  (2) The rate of tax is worked out in the following way:\n    (a) first, work out the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income;\n    (b) next, add 2%;\n    (c) next, subtract the rate of tax:\n    (i) for a trustee of a complying superannuation fund—set out in paragraph 26(1)(a); or\n    (ii) for a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund—set out in subsection 26(2); or\n    (iii) for a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23(3)(a); or\n    (iv) for a life insurance company that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23A(b).\n\n#### 30 Rate of tax payable by sovereign entities\n\n  The rate of tax payable in respect of the taxable income of a sovereign entity is 30%, unless another provision of this Part sets the rate of tax in respect of that taxable income.","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies","content":"#### 13 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income of an amount exceeding $416;\n  are as set out in Part I of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit, the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (a) 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (b) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share; and\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies exceeds $416;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies does not exceed $416;\n    (d) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act also applies to a part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates; and\n    (e) the sum of the part referred to in paragraph (b) and the part or parts referred to in paragraph (d) exceeds $416;\n  the trustee of the trust estate referred to in paragraph (a) is liable to pay tax in respect of the share of the net income of the trust estate referred to in that paragraph at the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (5) Where:\n    (a) the amount of tax that a trustee of a trust estate is liable to pay in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate is, by virtue of subsection (4), to be calculated in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (6) Subject to subsection (7), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share; and\n    (c) the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (d) 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (e) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part I of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (7) Subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (8) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (7), subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (9) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (5) or (8) (in this subsection referred to as the relevant subsection) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (6) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection; and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (5) or (8) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (10) The resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times 66% over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.006.png)","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Limitation on tax payable by certain trustees","content":"#### 14 Limitation on tax payable by certain trustees\n\n  (1) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate does not exceed $416;\n  no tax is payable under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be.\n  (2) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate exceeds $416 but does not exceed the net income phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable by the trustee under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income shall not exceed 50% of the amount by which that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be, exceeds $416, less any rebate or credit to which the trustee is entitled.\n  (3) The net income phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 time 50% over 50% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.007.png)","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"Subdivision D","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Non‑resident taxpayers, non‑resident beneficiaries and non‑resident trust estates","content":"An Act to declare the rates of income tax\n\n## Part I—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Income Tax Rates Act 1986.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act shall come into operation on the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Interpretation\n\n  (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:\n\n> abnormal income amount, in relation to the taxable income of a taxpayer of a year of income, means any above‑average special professional income included in the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year of income under section 405‑15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ADI has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> AMIT (short for attribution managed investment trust) has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> Assessment Act means the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.\n\n> attribution managed investment trust: see AMIT.\n\n> base rate entity has the meaning given by section 23AA.\n\n> base rate entity passive income has the meaning given by section 23AB.\n\n> complying ADF means a complying approved deposit fund as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> determined member component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible ADF means a fund that is a complying approved deposit fund or a non‑complying approved deposit fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible part, in relation to the special income component of the taxable income of a taxpayer, means so much of the special income component as is eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> eligible superannuation fund means a fund that is a complying superannuation fund or a non‑complying superannuation fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> employment termination remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 82 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 or Division 82 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> friendly society has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Life Insurance Act 1995.\n\n> low tax component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> managed investment trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> maximum tax rate provision means any of the following provisions:\n\n    (a) section 82‑10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (b) section 82‑65 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (c) section 82‑70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (d) section 301‑95 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (e) section 301‑105 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (f) section 301‑115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (g) section 82‑10A of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997;\n    (h) section 82‑10C of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.\n\n> net income phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 14(3).\n\n> non‑arm’s length component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑complying ADF means a fund that, at all times during the year of income when the fund is in existence, is an approved deposit fund within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, but does not include a fund that is a complying ADF.\n\n> non‑complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑profit company means:\n\n    (a) a company that is not carried on for the purposes of profit or gain to its individual members and is, by the terms of the company’s constituent document, prohibited from making any distribution, whether in money, property or otherwise, to its members; or\n    (b) a friendly society dispensary.\n\n> non‑resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 15(8).\n\n> non‑resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is not a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> no‑TFN contributions income has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary taxable income means the taxable income, reduced by the superannuation remainder of the taxable income and by the employment termination remainder of the taxable income.\n\n> PDF (pooled development fund) has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> PDF component has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> pooled superannuation trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> prescribed non‑resident, in relation to a year of income, means a person who, at all times during the year of income, is a non‑resident, not being a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) the Social Security Act 1991;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n> prescribed unit trust, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is a public trading trust in relation to the year of income.\n\n> public trading trust, in relation to a year of income, means a unit trust that is a public trading trust, within the meaning of Division 6C of Part III of the Assessment Act, in relation to the year of income.\n\n> reduced taxable income means the part (if any) of the taxable income other than the special income component.\n\n> resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 13(10).\n\n> resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that, under subsection 95(2) of the Assessment Act, is to be taken to be a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> RSA component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> second resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 2 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> SME income component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> sovereign entity has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> special income component, in relation to a taxable income for which there is an abnormal income amount, means:\n\n    (a) so much of the taxable income as does not exceed the abnormal income amount; or\n    (b) if the sum (the component sum) of:\n    (i) the abnormal income amount; and\n    (ii) the superannuation remainder of the taxable income; and\n    (iii) the employment termination remainder of the taxable income;\n    is more than the taxable income—the abnormal income amount, reduced by the amount by which the component sum exceeds the taxable income.\n\n> standard component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> superannuation remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 301 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> tax means income tax imposed as such by any Act other than income tax payable in accordance with section 121H, 126, 128B, 128N, 128NA, 128NB, 128T, 128V, 136A or 159C of the Assessment Act.\n\n> tax‑free threshold means $18,200.\n\n> tax offset has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> third resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 3 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> unregulated investment component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> working holiday maker has the meaning given by subsection 3A(1).\n\n> working holiday taxable income has the meaning given by subsections 3A(2) and (3).\n\n  (2) In this Act:\n    (a) a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income shall be read as a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income, as the case may be, of the year of income; and\n    (b) a reference to eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act shall be read as a reference to eligible taxable income of the year of income for the purposes of that Division.\n  (3) A reference in this Act to the part to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies of the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate shall, if that Division applies to the whole of such a share, be read as a reference to the whole of that share.\n\n#### 3A Working holiday makers and working holiday taxable income\n\n  (1) An individual is a working holiday maker at a particular time if the individual holds at that time:\n    (a) a Subclass 417 (Working Holiday) visa; or\n    (b) a Subclass 462 (Work and Holiday) visa; or\n    (c) a bridging visa permitting the individual to work in Australia if:\n    (i) the bridging visa was granted under the Migration Act 1958 in relation to an application for a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); and\n    (ii) the Minister administering that Act is still to make a decision in relation to the application; and\n    (iii) the most recent visa, other than a bridging visa, granted under that Act to the individual was a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); or\n    (d) a COVID‑19 pandemic event 408 visa (as defined by subclause 9204(1) of Schedule 13 to the Migration Regulations 1994).\n  (2) An individual’s working holiday taxable income for a year of income is the individual’s assessable income for the year of income derived:\n    (a) from sources in Australia; and\n    (b) while the individual is a working holiday maker;\n  less so much of any amount the individual can deduct for the year of income as relates to that assessable income.\n  (3) However, the individual’s working holiday taxable income does not include any superannuation remainder, or employment termination remainder, of the individual’s taxable income for the year of income.\n\n#### 4 Incorporation\n\n  The Assessment Act is incorporated, and shall be read as one, with this Act.\n\n## Part II—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes other than incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds and certain other trusts\n\n### Division 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 5 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax means:\n    (a) tax payable by a natural person, other than:\n    (i) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; or\n    (b) tax payable by a company in the capacity of a trustee, other than:\n    (i) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n### Division 3—Rates of tax\n\n#### Subdivision B—Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n#### 12 Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n  (1) Except as otherwise provided by this Division, the rates of tax are as set out in Schedule 7.\n  (2) The notional rates for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 8.\n  (4) For every dollar of so much of the net income of a trust estate as is equal to the deemed net income from primary production, the rate of complementary tax for the purposes of subsection 156(5A) of the Assessment Act is the amount ascertained by dividing the amount of the excess referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection by the number of whole dollars in the eligible net income of the trust estate.\n  (6) Subject to sections 13, 14 and 15, the rates of tax payable by a trustee under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 10.\n  (6A) The rate of tax payable by a trustee under paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is as set out in Schedule 10A.\n  (7) The rate of further tax payable by a person under subsection 94(9) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the relevant part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsections 94(10A) and (10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, section 12A and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the person is entitled, would be payable by the person in respect of the taxable income of the person; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the prescribed part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsection 94(10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that would be payable by the person on the person’s taxable income if:\n    (i) the comparison rate described in section 392‑55 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 were the rate of tax payable by the person on that income; and\n    (ii) this subsection and section 12A did not apply; and\n    (iii) the person were not entitled to any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997); and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person.\n  (8) The rate of further tax payable by a trustee under subsection 94(11) or (12) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the relevant part of that net income for the purposes of subsections 94(12A) and (12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.003.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the prescribed part of that net income for the purposes of subsection 94(12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.004.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income if the notional rates declared by this Division for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act were the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income.\n  (9) The rate of tax payable by a trustee in respect of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 99A of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is 45%.\n  (10) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a managed investment trust under subsection 275‑605(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 30%.\n  (11) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑405(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (12) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑415(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (13) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑420(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n\n#### 12A Rate of extra income tax for primary producers\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of extra income tax payable under subsection 392‑35(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 on every dollar of a taxpayer’s averaging component for a year of income.\n  (2) The rate is worked out using the formula:\n  ![Start formula start fraction Averaging adjustment over Averaging component end fraction end formula](image.005.png)\n  Rate if taxable income is less than tax‑free threshold adjusted by family tax assistance\n  (6) In this section:\n\n> averaging adjustment means the taxpayer’s smoothing adjustment, worked out for the year of income under section 392‑75 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> averaging component means the taxpayer’s averaging component in whole dollars, worked out for the year of income under Subdivision 392‑C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n#### Subdivision C—Resident taxpayers, resident beneficiaries and resident trust estates\n\n#### 13 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income of an amount exceeding $416;\n  are as set out in Part I of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit, the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (a) 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (b) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share; and\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies exceeds $416;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies does not exceed $416;\n    (d) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act also applies to a part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates; and\n    (e) the sum of the part referred to in paragraph (b) and the part or parts referred to in paragraph (d) exceeds $416;\n  the trustee of the trust estate referred to in paragraph (a) is liable to pay tax in respect of the share of the net income of the trust estate referred to in that paragraph at the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (5) Where:\n    (a) the amount of tax that a trustee of a trust estate is liable to pay in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate is, by virtue of subsection (4), to be calculated in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (6) Subject to subsection (7), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share; and\n    (c) the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (d) 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (e) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part I of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (7) Subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (8) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (7), subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (9) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (5) or (8) (in this subsection referred to as the relevant subsection) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (6) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection; and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (5) or (8) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (10) The resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times 66% over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.006.png)\n\n#### 14 Limitation on tax payable by certain trustees\n\n  (1) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate does not exceed $416;\n  no tax is payable under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be.\n  (2) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate exceeds $416 but does not exceed the net income phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable by the trustee under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income shall not exceed 50% of the amount by which that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be, exceeds $416, less any rebate or credit to which the trustee is entitled.\n  (3) The net income phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 time 50% over 50% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.007.png)\n\n#### Subdivision D—Non‑resident taxpayers, non‑resident beneficiaries and non‑resident trust estates\n\n#### 15 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income;\n  are as set out in Part II of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act:\n    (a) does not exceed $416—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to that eligible taxable income; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (b) exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part II of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Subject to subsection (5), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (c) where the eligible part of that share does not exceed $416:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to the amount of the eligible part of that share; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (d) where the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (6) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (5), subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (7) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (6) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (4) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part II of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b) if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b); and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a non‑resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (6) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (8) The non‑resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times open bracket 66% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 close bracket over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.008.png)\n\n### Division 4—Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n#### 16 Interpretation\n\n  In this Division:\n\n> beneficiary, in relation to a trust estate, includes a person who is capable (whether by the exercise of a power of appointment or otherwise) of benefiting under the trust.\n\n> eligible pensioner, in relation to a year of income, means a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) a provision of the Social Security Act 1991 other than Part 2.11, 2.12 or 2.15 of that Act;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n#### 18 Part‑year residency period\n\n  (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following periods are part‑year residency periods in relation to a person in relation to a year of income:\n    (a) where the person was a resident at the beginning of the first month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month in the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of the year of income until the end of that subsequent month;\n    (b) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until the end of the year of income—the period from the beginning of that month until the end of the year of income;\n    (c) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month of the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of that first‑mentioned month until the end of that subsequent month.\n  (2) A period shall not be taken to be a part‑year residency period in relation to a person in relation to a year of income if:\n    (a) the person is an eligible pensioner in relation to the year of income; or\n    (b) the period is the whole of the year of income.\n\n#### 20 Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n  Part‑year residency periods\n  (1) This Act applies in relation to a person and a year of income as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the person in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income during which there is a part-year residency period in relation to the person and the year of income over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.009.png)\n  Trustees\n  (1A) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of a share of a beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate of a year of income.\n  (2) However, this Act applies in calculating the tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income when a part-year residency period, or part-year residency periods, in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income subsisted over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.010.png)\n  (3) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 99 of the Assessment Act.\n\n## Part III—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds, certain other trusts and sovereign entities\n\n#### 21 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax does not include tax within the meaning of Part II.\n\n#### 23 Rates of tax payable by companies\n\n  (1A) This section has effect subject to section 23A.\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a company, other than a company in the capacity of a trustee, are as set out in the following provisions of this section.\n  (2) The rate of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company is:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%;\n  if subsections (3) to (5) and section 23A do not apply to the company.\n  (3) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider are:\n    (a) in respect of the RSA component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the standard component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (4) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that becomes a PDF during a year of income and is still a PDF at the end of the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%; and\n    (c) in respect of so much of the taxable income as exceeds the PDF component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (5) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that is a PDF throughout the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%.\n  (6) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than 55% of the amount (if any) by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $416, if:\n    (a) the company is a non‑profit company; and\n    (b) the taxable income is not greater than:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—$762; or\n    (ii) otherwise—$915.\n  (7) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—37.5%; or\n    (b) otherwise—45%;\n  of the amount by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $49,999, if the company is a recognised medium credit union in relation to the year of income.\n\n#### 23AA Meaning of base rate entity\n\n  An entity is a base rate entity for a year of income if:\n    (a) no more than 80% of its assessable income for the year of income is base rate entity passive income; and\n    (b) its aggregated turnover (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) for the year of income, worked out as at the end of that year, is less than $50 million.\n\n#### 23AB Meaning of base rate entity passive income\n\n  (1) Base rate entity passive income is assessable income that is any of the following:\n    (a) a distribution (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a corporate tax entity (within the meaning of that Act), other than a non‑portfolio dividend (within the meaning of section 317 of the Assessment Act);\n    (b) an amount of a franking credit (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) on such a distribution;\n    (c) a non‑share dividend (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a company;\n    (d) interest (or a payment in the nature of interest), royalties and rent;\n    (e) a gain on a qualifying security (within the meaning of Division 16E of Part III of the Assessment Act);\n    (f) a net capital gain (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997);\n    (g) an amount included in the assessable income of a partner in a partnership or of a beneficiary of a trust estate under Division 5 or 6 of Part III of the Assessment Act, to the extent that the amount is referable (either directly or indirectly through one or more interposed partnerships or trust estates) to another amount that is base rate entity passive income under a preceding paragraph of this subsection.\n  (2) However, if an entity has assessable income that is interest (or a payment in the nature of interest):\n    (a) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) if:\n    (i) the entity is a financial institution (within the meaning of section 202A of the Assessment Act); or\n    (ii) the entity is a registered entity (within the meaning of the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001) that carries on a general business of providing finance (within the meaning of that Act) on a commercial basis; or\n    (iii) the entity holds an Australian credit licence (within the meaning of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009), or is a credit representative (within the meaning of that Act) of another entity that holds such an Australian credit licence; or\n    (iv) the entity is a financial services licensee (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001) whose licence covers dealings in financial products mentioned in paragraph 764A(1)(a) of that Act (securities), or is an authorised representative (within the meaning of that Act) of such a financial services licensee; or\n    (v) the entity is an entity of a kind specified in a legislative instrument made under subsection (3); and\n    (b) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) to the extent that it is a return on an equity interest in a company.\n  (3) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, specify one or more kinds of entities for the purposes of subparagraph (2)(a)(v).\n\n#### 23A Rates of tax payable by life insurance companies\n\n  The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a life insurance company are:\n    (a) in respect of the ordinary class—30%; and\n    (b) in respect of the complying superannuation class—15%.\n\n#### 25 Rate of tax payable by trustees of public trading trusts\n\n  The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a public trading trust in respect of the net income of the public trading trust in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 102S of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is:\n    (a) if the trust is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%.\n\n#### 26 Rates of tax payable by trustees of superannuation funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27 Rates of tax payable by trustees of approved deposit funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27A Rates of tax payable by trustees of pooled superannuation trusts\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust in respect of the taxable income of the trust are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n\n#### 28 Rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom section 98 of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a trust estate in respect of a share of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax are:\n    (a) if paragraph 98(3)(b) of the Assessment Act (about beneficiaries that are companies) applies:\n    (i) if the beneficiary is a company to which paragraph 23(2)(a) of this Act applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(a); or\n    (ii) otherwise—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b); and\n    (b) if subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 98(3)(a) of the Assessment Act applies, see subsection 12(6).\n\n#### 28A Rates of tax payable by trustees of AMITs under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 are:\n    (a) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b) of this Act; and\n    (b) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(c) of that Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies, see subsection 12(6A).\n\n#### 29 Rate of tax on no‑TFN contributions income\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of tax payable:\n    (a) by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (b) by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (c) by a company that is an RSA provider in respect of no‑TFN contributions income.\n  (2) The rate of tax is worked out in the following way:\n    (a) first, work out the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income;\n    (b) next, add 2%;\n    (c) next, subtract the rate of tax:\n    (i) for a trustee of a complying superannuation fund—set out in paragraph 26(1)(a); or\n    (ii) for a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund—set out in subsection 26(2); or\n    (iii) for a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23(3)(a); or\n    (iv) for a life insurance company that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23A(b).\n\n#### 30 Rate of tax payable by sovereign entities\n\n  The rate of tax payable in respect of the taxable income of a sovereign entity is 30%, unless another provision of this Part sets the rate of tax in respect of that taxable income.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies","content":"#### 15 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income;\n  are as set out in Part II of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act:\n    (a) does not exceed $416—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to that eligible taxable income; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (b) exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part II of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Subject to subsection (5), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (c) where the eligible part of that share does not exceed $416:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to the amount of the eligible part of that share; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (d) where the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (6) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (5), subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (7) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (6) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (4) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part II of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b) if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b); and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a non‑resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (6) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (8) The non‑resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times open bracket 66% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 close bracket over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.008.png)","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"Division 4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold","content":"An Act to declare the rates of income tax\n\n## Part I—Preliminary\n\n#### 1 Short title\n\n  This Act may be cited as the Income Tax Rates Act 1986.\n\n#### 2 Commencement\n\n  This Act shall come into operation on the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.\n\n#### 3 Interpretation\n\n  (1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears:\n\n> abnormal income amount, in relation to the taxable income of a taxpayer of a year of income, means any above‑average special professional income included in the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year of income under section 405‑15 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ADI has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> AMIT (short for attribution managed investment trust) has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> Assessment Act means the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.\n\n> attribution managed investment trust: see AMIT.\n\n> base rate entity has the meaning given by section 23AA.\n\n> base rate entity passive income has the meaning given by section 23AB.\n\n> complying ADF means a complying approved deposit fund as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> determined member component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible ADF means a fund that is a complying approved deposit fund or a non‑complying approved deposit fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> eligible part, in relation to the special income component of the taxable income of a taxpayer, means so much of the special income component as is eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> eligible superannuation fund means a fund that is a complying superannuation fund or a non‑complying superannuation fund, as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> employment termination remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 82 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 or Division 82 of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> friendly society has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Life Insurance Act 1995.\n\n> low tax component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> managed investment trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> maximum tax rate provision means any of the following provisions:\n\n    (a) section 82‑10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (b) section 82‑65 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (c) section 82‑70 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (d) section 301‑95 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (e) section 301‑105 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (f) section 301‑115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997;\n    (g) section 82‑10A of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997;\n    (h) section 82‑10C of the Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997.\n\n> net income phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 14(3).\n\n> non‑arm’s length component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑complying ADF means a fund that, at all times during the year of income when the fund is in existence, is an approved deposit fund within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, but does not include a fund that is a complying ADF.\n\n> non‑complying superannuation fund has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> non‑profit company means:\n\n    (a) a company that is not carried on for the purposes of profit or gain to its individual members and is, by the terms of the company’s constituent document, prohibited from making any distribution, whether in money, property or otherwise, to its members; or\n    (b) a friendly society dispensary.\n\n> non‑resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 15(8).\n\n> non‑resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> non‑resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is not a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> no‑TFN contributions income has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary class of the taxable income of a life insurance company has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> ordinary taxable income means the taxable income, reduced by the superannuation remainder of the taxable income and by the employment termination remainder of the taxable income.\n\n> PDF (pooled development fund) has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> PDF component has the same meaning as in the Assessment Act.\n\n> pooled superannuation trust has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> prescribed non‑resident, in relation to a year of income, means a person who, at all times during the year of income, is a non‑resident, not being a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) the Social Security Act 1991;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n> prescribed unit trust, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that is a public trading trust in relation to the year of income.\n\n> public trading trust, in relation to a year of income, means a unit trust that is a public trading trust, within the meaning of Division 6C of Part III of the Assessment Act, in relation to the year of income.\n\n> reduced taxable income means the part (if any) of the taxable income other than the special income component.\n\n> resident beneficiary, in relation to a year of income, means a beneficiary of a trust estate who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident phase‑out limit has the meaning given by subsection 13(10).\n\n> resident taxpayer, in relation to a year of income, means a taxpayer who is not a prescribed non‑resident in relation to that year of income.\n\n> resident trust estate, in relation to a year of income, means a trust estate that, under subsection 95(2) of the Assessment Act, is to be taken to be a resident trust estate in relation to that year of income.\n\n> RSA component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> second resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 2 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> SME income component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> sovereign entity has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> special income component, in relation to a taxable income for which there is an abnormal income amount, means:\n\n    (a) so much of the taxable income as does not exceed the abnormal income amount; or\n    (b) if the sum (the component sum) of:\n    (i) the abnormal income amount; and\n    (ii) the superannuation remainder of the taxable income; and\n    (iii) the employment termination remainder of the taxable income;\n    is more than the taxable income—the abnormal income amount, reduced by the amount by which the component sum exceeds the taxable income.\n\n> standard component has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> superannuation remainder of taxable income means so much of the taxable income as:\n\n    (a) is included in assessable income under a maximum tax rate provision in Division 301 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; and\n    (b) does not give rise to an entitlement to a tax offset under that maximum tax rate provision.\n\n> tax means income tax imposed as such by any Act other than income tax payable in accordance with section 121H, 126, 128B, 128N, 128NA, 128NB, 128T, 128V, 136A or 159C of the Assessment Act.\n\n> tax‑free threshold means $18,200.\n\n> tax offset has the same meaning as in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> third resident personal tax rate means the rate mentioned in item 3 of the table in clause 1 of Part I of Schedule 7 that is applicable to the year of income.\n\n> unregulated investment component has the same meaning as in Subdivision B of Division 10E of Part III of the Assessment Act.\n\n> working holiday maker has the meaning given by subsection 3A(1).\n\n> working holiday taxable income has the meaning given by subsections 3A(2) and (3).\n\n  (2) In this Act:\n    (a) a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income shall be read as a reference to net income, taxable income or reduced taxable income, as the case may be, of the year of income; and\n    (b) a reference to eligible taxable income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act shall be read as a reference to eligible taxable income of the year of income for the purposes of that Division.\n  (3) A reference in this Act to the part to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies of the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate shall, if that Division applies to the whole of such a share, be read as a reference to the whole of that share.\n\n#### 3A Working holiday makers and working holiday taxable income\n\n  (1) An individual is a working holiday maker at a particular time if the individual holds at that time:\n    (a) a Subclass 417 (Working Holiday) visa; or\n    (b) a Subclass 462 (Work and Holiday) visa; or\n    (c) a bridging visa permitting the individual to work in Australia if:\n    (i) the bridging visa was granted under the Migration Act 1958 in relation to an application for a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); and\n    (ii) the Minister administering that Act is still to make a decision in relation to the application; and\n    (iii) the most recent visa, other than a bridging visa, granted under that Act to the individual was a visa of a kind described in paragraph (a) or (b); or\n    (d) a COVID‑19 pandemic event 408 visa (as defined by subclause 9204(1) of Schedule 13 to the Migration Regulations 1994).\n  (2) An individual’s working holiday taxable income for a year of income is the individual’s assessable income for the year of income derived:\n    (a) from sources in Australia; and\n    (b) while the individual is a working holiday maker;\n  less so much of any amount the individual can deduct for the year of income as relates to that assessable income.\n  (3) However, the individual’s working holiday taxable income does not include any superannuation remainder, or employment termination remainder, of the individual’s taxable income for the year of income.\n\n#### 4 Incorporation\n\n  The Assessment Act is incorporated, and shall be read as one, with this Act.\n\n## Part II—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes other than incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds and certain other trusts\n\n### Division 1—Preliminary\n\n#### 5 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax means:\n    (a) tax payable by a natural person, other than:\n    (i) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a person in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a person in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a person who is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997; or\n    (b) tax payable by a company in the capacity of a trustee, other than:\n    (i) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible superannuation fund; or\n    (ii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a prescribed unit trust; or\n    (iii) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an eligible ADF; or\n    (iiia) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust; or\n    (iv) a company in the capacity of a trustee of a trust estate, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 98(3)(b) or subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act; or\n    (v) a company in the capacity of a trustee of an AMIT, being a company that is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n### Division 3—Rates of tax\n\n#### Subdivision B—Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n#### 12 Rates of tax and notional rates\n\n  (1) Except as otherwise provided by this Division, the rates of tax are as set out in Schedule 7.\n  (2) The notional rates for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 8.\n  (4) For every dollar of so much of the net income of a trust estate as is equal to the deemed net income from primary production, the rate of complementary tax for the purposes of subsection 156(5A) of the Assessment Act is the amount ascertained by dividing the amount of the excess referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection by the number of whole dollars in the eligible net income of the trust estate.\n  (6) Subject to sections 13, 14 and 15, the rates of tax payable by a trustee under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act are as set out in Schedule 10.\n  (6A) The rate of tax payable by a trustee under paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is as set out in Schedule 10A.\n  (7) The rate of further tax payable by a person under subsection 94(9) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the relevant part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsections 94(10A) and (10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, section 12A and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the person is entitled, would be payable by the person in respect of the taxable income of the person; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the taxable income of the person that is the prescribed part of that taxable income for the purposes of subsection 94(10B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.002.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the taxable income of the person;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that would be payable by the person on the person’s taxable income if:\n    (i) the comparison rate described in section 392‑55 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 were the rate of tax payable by the person on that income; and\n    (ii) this subsection and section 12A did not apply; and\n    (iii) the person were not entitled to any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997); and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in the taxable income of the person.\n  (8) The rate of further tax payable by a trustee under subsection 94(11) or (12) of the Assessment Act is:\n    (a) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the relevant part of that net income for the purposes of subsections 94(12A) and (12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.003.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income; and\n    (b) in respect of the part of the net income of the trust estate that is the prescribed part of that net income for the purposes of subsection 94(12B) of the Assessment Act—the amount (if any) per dollar ascertained in accordance with the formula ![Start formula start fraction A minus B over C end fraction end formula](image.004.png), where:\n    A is an amount equal to 45% of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act;\n    B is the amount of tax (if any) that, but for this subsection, subsection (4) and any rebate, credit or other tax offset (as defined in the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) to which the trustee is entitled, would be payable by the trustee in respect of that net income if the notional rates declared by this Division for the purposes of section 156 of the Assessment Act were the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that net income; and\n    C is the number of whole dollars in that net income.\n  (9) The rate of tax payable by a trustee in respect of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 99A of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is 45%.\n  (10) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a managed investment trust under subsection 275‑605(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 30%.\n  (11) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑405(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (12) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑415(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n  (13) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under subsection 276‑420(2) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 is 45%.\n\n#### 12A Rate of extra income tax for primary producers\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of extra income tax payable under subsection 392‑35(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 on every dollar of a taxpayer’s averaging component for a year of income.\n  (2) The rate is worked out using the formula:\n  ![Start formula start fraction Averaging adjustment over Averaging component end fraction end formula](image.005.png)\n  Rate if taxable income is less than tax‑free threshold adjusted by family tax assistance\n  (6) In this section:\n\n> averaging adjustment means the taxpayer’s smoothing adjustment, worked out for the year of income under section 392‑75 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n> averaging component means the taxpayer’s averaging component in whole dollars, worked out for the year of income under Subdivision 392‑C of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997.\n\n#### Subdivision C—Resident taxpayers, resident beneficiaries and resident trust estates\n\n#### 13 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income of an amount exceeding $416;\n  are as set out in Part I of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit, the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (a) 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (b) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share; and\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies exceeds $416;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n    (c) the part of that share to which that Division applies does not exceed $416;\n    (d) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act also applies to a part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates; and\n    (e) the sum of the part referred to in paragraph (b) and the part or parts referred to in paragraph (d) exceeds $416;\n  the trustee of the trust estate referred to in paragraph (a) is liable to pay tax in respect of the share of the net income of the trust estate referred to in that paragraph at the rates set out in Part I of Schedule 12.\n  (5) Where:\n    (a) the amount of tax that a trustee of a trust estate is liable to pay in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate is, by virtue of subsection (4), to be calculated in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (6) Subject to subsection (7), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share; and\n    (c) the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (d) 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (e) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part I of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n  whichever is the greater.\n  (7) Subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (8) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (7), subsection (6) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (9) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (5) or (8) (in this subsection referred to as the relevant subsection) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (6) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part I of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (b) of the relevant subsection; and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (5) or (8) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (10) The resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times 66% over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.006.png)\n\n#### 14 Limitation on tax payable by certain trustees\n\n  (1) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate does not exceed $416;\n  no tax is payable under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be.\n  (2) Where:\n    (a) the trustee of a resident trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of the net income or a part of the net income of the trust estate;\n    (b) in the case of a trust estate of a deceased person, the deceased person died not less than 3 years before the end of the year of income; and\n    (c) that net income or that part of the net income of the trust estate exceeds $416 but does not exceed the net income phase‑out limit;\n  the amount of tax payable by the trustee under subsection 12(6) in respect of that net income or that part of the net income shall not exceed 50% of the amount by which that net income or that part of the net income, as the case may be, exceeds $416, less any rebate or credit to which the trustee is entitled.\n  (3) The net income phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 time 50% over 50% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part I of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.007.png)\n\n#### Subdivision D—Non‑resident taxpayers, non‑resident beneficiaries and non‑resident trust estates\n\n#### 15 Rates of tax where Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  (1) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer:\n    (a) who is a prescribed person in relation to the year of income for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) who has, for the purposes of that Division, an eligible taxable income;\n  are as set out in Part II of Schedule 11.\n  (2) Where the eligible taxable income of a non‑resident taxpayer for the purposes of Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act:\n    (a) does not exceed $416—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to that eligible taxable income; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (b) exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit—the amount of tax payable under subsection (1) in respect of that eligible taxable income shall not exceed:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which that eligible taxable income exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if the rates set out in Part II of Schedule 7 were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer the amount of tax that would be payable by the taxpayer if those rates were applied to the taxable income of the taxpayer reduced by the amount of that eligible taxable income;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (3) Where:\n    (a) a trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of that share;\n  the rates of tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share of the net income of the trust estate are as set out in Part II of Schedule 12.\n  (4) Subject to subsection (5), where:\n    (a) the trustee of a trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of the share of a non‑resident beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate; and\n    (b) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part (in this subsection referred to as the eligible part) of that share;\n  the amount of tax payable under subsection (3) in respect of the eligible part of that share shall not exceed:\n    (c) where the eligible part of that share does not exceed $416:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to the amount of the eligible part of that share; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater; or\n    (d) where the eligible part of that share exceeds $416 but does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit:\n    (i) the amount ascertained by applying the second resident personal tax rate to $416, and then adding 66% of the amount by which the eligible part of that share exceeds $416; or\n    (ii) the amount ascertained by deducting from the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if the rates referred to in Part II of Schedule 10 were applied to that share of that net income the amount of tax that would be payable by the trustee if those rates were applied to that share of that net income reduced by the amount of the eligible part of that share;\n    whichever is the greater.\n  (5) Subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate if Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies to a part of a share of the beneficiary of the net income of another trust estate or to parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of other trust estates.\n  (6) Where:\n    (a) by reason of the application of subsection (5), subsection (4) does not apply in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) the sum of:\n    (i) the part of that share to which Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applies; and\n    (ii) the part of the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the other trust estate or the parts of the shares of the beneficiary of the net incomes of the other trust estates, as the case may be, to which that Division applies;\n    does not exceed the non‑resident phase‑out limit;\n  the tax that, apart from this subsection, would be payable by the trustee in respect of the share referred to in paragraph (a) shall be reduced by such amount (if any) as, in the opinion of the Commissioner, is fair and reasonable.\n  (7) In forming an opinion for the purposes of subsection (6) in relation to the share of a beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate of a year of income, the Commissioner shall have regard to:\n    (a) any limitation that would be applicable under subsection (4) on the amount of tax that would be payable by a trustee in accordance with Part II of Schedule 12 in respect of a share of the net income of a trust estate of the year of income of an amount equal to the sum of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b) if:\n    (i) Division 6AA of Part III of the Assessment Act applied to so much of that share as is equal to the sum of the parts of the shares referred to in paragraph (6)(b); and\n    (ii) that share were a share of a non‑resident beneficiary who is not presently entitled to a share of the income of the year of income of any other trust estate;\n    (b) the amount of any reduction previously granted by the Commissioner under subsection (6) in relation to the share of the beneficiary of the net income of the year of income of any other trust estate; and\n    (c) such other matters (if any) as the Commissioner thinks fit.\n  (8) The non‑resident phase‑out limit is the following amount rounded down to the nearest dollar:\n  ![Start formula start fraction $416 times open bracket 66% minus Lowest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 close bracket over 66% minus Highest rate in the table in Part II of Schedule 7 end fraction end formula](image.008.png)\n\n### Division 4—Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n#### 16 Interpretation\n\n  In this Division:\n\n> beneficiary, in relation to a trust estate, includes a person who is capable (whether by the exercise of a power of appointment or otherwise) of benefiting under the trust.\n\n> eligible pensioner, in relation to a year of income, means a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) a provision of the Social Security Act 1991 other than Part 2.11, 2.12 or 2.15 of that Act;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.\n\n#### 18 Part‑year residency period\n\n  (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following periods are part‑year residency periods in relation to a person in relation to a year of income:\n    (a) where the person was a resident at the beginning of the first month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month in the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of the year of income until the end of that subsequent month;\n    (b) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until the end of the year of income—the period from the beginning of that month until the end of the year of income;\n    (c) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month of the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of that first‑mentioned month until the end of that subsequent month.\n  (2) A period shall not be taken to be a part‑year residency period in relation to a person in relation to a year of income if:\n    (a) the person is an eligible pensioner in relation to the year of income; or\n    (b) the period is the whole of the year of income.\n\n#### 20 Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n  Part‑year residency periods\n  (1) This Act applies in relation to a person and a year of income as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the person in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income during which there is a part-year residency period in relation to the person and the year of income over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.009.png)\n  Trustees\n  (1A) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of a share of a beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate of a year of income.\n  (2) However, this Act applies in calculating the tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income when a part-year residency period, or part-year residency periods, in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income subsisted over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.010.png)\n  (3) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 99 of the Assessment Act.\n\n## Part III—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds, certain other trusts and sovereign entities\n\n#### 21 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax does not include tax within the meaning of Part II.\n\n#### 23 Rates of tax payable by companies\n\n  (1A) This section has effect subject to section 23A.\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a company, other than a company in the capacity of a trustee, are as set out in the following provisions of this section.\n  (2) The rate of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company is:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%;\n  if subsections (3) to (5) and section 23A do not apply to the company.\n  (3) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider are:\n    (a) in respect of the RSA component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the standard component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (4) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that becomes a PDF during a year of income and is still a PDF at the end of the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%; and\n    (c) in respect of so much of the taxable income as exceeds the PDF component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (5) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that is a PDF throughout the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%.\n  (6) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than 55% of the amount (if any) by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $416, if:\n    (a) the company is a non‑profit company; and\n    (b) the taxable income is not greater than:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—$762; or\n    (ii) otherwise—$915.\n  (7) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—37.5%; or\n    (b) otherwise—45%;\n  of the amount by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $49,999, if the company is a recognised medium credit union in relation to the year of income.\n\n#### 23AA Meaning of base rate entity\n\n  An entity is a base rate entity for a year of income if:\n    (a) no more than 80% of its assessable income for the year of income is base rate entity passive income; and\n    (b) its aggregated turnover (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) for the year of income, worked out as at the end of that year, is less than $50 million.\n\n#### 23AB Meaning of base rate entity passive income\n\n  (1) Base rate entity passive income is assessable income that is any of the following:\n    (a) a distribution (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a corporate tax entity (within the meaning of that Act), other than a non‑portfolio dividend (within the meaning of section 317 of the Assessment Act);\n    (b) an amount of a franking credit (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) on such a distribution;\n    (c) a non‑share dividend (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a company;\n    (d) interest (or a payment in the nature of interest), royalties and rent;\n    (e) a gain on a qualifying security (within the meaning of Division 16E of Part III of the Assessment Act);\n    (f) a net capital gain (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997);\n    (g) an amount included in the assessable income of a partner in a partnership or of a beneficiary of a trust estate under Division 5 or 6 of Part III of the Assessment Act, to the extent that the amount is referable (either directly or indirectly through one or more interposed partnerships or trust estates) to another amount that is base rate entity passive income under a preceding paragraph of this subsection.\n  (2) However, if an entity has assessable income that is interest (or a payment in the nature of interest):\n    (a) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) if:\n    (i) the entity is a financial institution (within the meaning of section 202A of the Assessment Act); or\n    (ii) the entity is a registered entity (within the meaning of the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001) that carries on a general business of providing finance (within the meaning of that Act) on a commercial basis; or\n    (iii) the entity holds an Australian credit licence (within the meaning of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009), or is a credit representative (within the meaning of that Act) of another entity that holds such an Australian credit licence; or\n    (iv) the entity is a financial services licensee (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001) whose licence covers dealings in financial products mentioned in paragraph 764A(1)(a) of that Act (securities), or is an authorised representative (within the meaning of that Act) of such a financial services licensee; or\n    (v) the entity is an entity of a kind specified in a legislative instrument made under subsection (3); and\n    (b) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) to the extent that it is a return on an equity interest in a company.\n  (3) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, specify one or more kinds of entities for the purposes of subparagraph (2)(a)(v).\n\n#### 23A Rates of tax payable by life insurance companies\n\n  The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a life insurance company are:\n    (a) in respect of the ordinary class—30%; and\n    (b) in respect of the complying superannuation class—15%.\n\n#### 25 Rate of tax payable by trustees of public trading trusts\n\n  The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a public trading trust in respect of the net income of the public trading trust in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 102S of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is:\n    (a) if the trust is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%.\n\n#### 26 Rates of tax payable by trustees of superannuation funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27 Rates of tax payable by trustees of approved deposit funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.\n\n#### 27A Rates of tax payable by trustees of pooled superannuation trusts\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust in respect of the taxable income of the trust are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n\n#### 28 Rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom section 98 of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a trust estate in respect of a share of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax are:\n    (a) if paragraph 98(3)(b) of the Assessment Act (about beneficiaries that are companies) applies:\n    (i) if the beneficiary is a company to which paragraph 23(2)(a) of this Act applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(a); or\n    (ii) otherwise—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b); and\n    (b) if subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 98(3)(a) of the Assessment Act applies, see subsection 12(6).\n\n#### 28A Rates of tax payable by trustees of AMITs under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 are:\n    (a) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b) of this Act; and\n    (b) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(c) of that Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies, see subsection 12(6A).\n\n#### 29 Rate of tax on no‑TFN contributions income\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of tax payable:\n    (a) by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (b) by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (c) by a company that is an RSA provider in respect of no‑TFN contributions income.\n  (2) The rate of tax is worked out in the following way:\n    (a) first, work out the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income;\n    (b) next, add 2%;\n    (c) next, subtract the rate of tax:\n    (i) for a trustee of a complying superannuation fund—set out in paragraph 26(1)(a); or\n    (ii) for a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund—set out in subsection 26(2); or\n    (iii) for a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23(3)(a); or\n    (iv) for a life insurance company that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23A(b).\n\n#### 30 Rate of tax payable by sovereign entities\n\n  The rate of tax payable in respect of the taxable income of a sovereign entity is 30%, unless another provision of this Part sets the rate of tax in respect of that taxable income.","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interpretation","content":"#### 16 Interpretation\n\n  In this Division:\n\n> beneficiary, in relation to a trust estate, includes a person who is capable (whether by the exercise of a power of appointment or otherwise) of benefiting under the trust.\n\n> eligible pensioner, in relation to a year of income, means a person to whom, at any time during the year of income, compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit is payable under:\n\n    (a) the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986;\n    (b) subsection 4(6) of the Veterans’ Entitlements (Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) Act 1986; or\n    (ba) the Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2004; or\n    (c) a provision of the Social Security Act 1991 other than Part 2.11, 2.12 or 2.15 of that Act;\n  being compensation or a pension, allowance or benefit in respect of which the person is liable to be assessed and to pay income tax in Australia.","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Part‑year residency period","content":"#### 18 Part‑year residency period\n\n  (1) Subject to subsection (2), the following periods are part‑year residency periods in relation to a person in relation to a year of income:\n    (a) where the person was a resident at the beginning of the first month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month in the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of the year of income until the end of that subsequent month;\n    (b) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until the end of the year of income—the period from the beginning of that month until the end of the year of income;\n    (c) where the person commenced to be a resident during a month of the year of income and continued to be a resident until a time during a subsequent month of the year of income when the person ceased to be a resident—the period from the beginning of that first‑mentioned month until the end of that subsequent month.\n  (2) A period shall not be taken to be a part‑year residency period in relation to a person in relation to a year of income if:\n    (a) the person is an eligible pensioner in relation to the year of income; or\n    (b) the period is the whole of the year of income.","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold","content":"#### 20 Pro‑rating of the tax‑free threshold\n\n  Part‑year residency periods\n  (1) This Act applies in relation to a person and a year of income as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the person in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income during which there is a part-year residency period in relation to the person and the year of income over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.009.png)\n  Trustees\n  (1A) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of a share of a beneficiary of the net income of the trust estate of a year of income.\n  (2) However, this Act applies in calculating the tax payable by the trustee in respect of that share as if the reference in the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to the tax‑free threshold were a reference to the amount calculated in accordance with the following formula, if there are one or more part‑year residency periods in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income:\n  ![Start formula open bracket The tax-free threshold minus $4,736 close bracket plus open bracket $4,736 times start fraction Number of months in the year of income when a part-year residency period, or part-year residency periods, in relation to the beneficiary in relation to the year of income subsisted over 12 end fraction close bracket end formula](image.010.png)\n  (3) Subsection (1) does not apply in calculating the tax payable by the trustee of a trust estate under section 99 of the Assessment Act.","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"Part III","sectionType":"part","heading":"Rates of income tax payable upon incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds, certain other trusts and sovereign entities","content":"## Part III—Rates of income tax payable upon incomes of companies, prescribed unit trusts, superannuation funds, certain other trusts and sovereign entities","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interpretation","content":"#### 21 Interpretation\n\n  In this Part, tax does not include tax within the meaning of Part II.","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax payable by companies","content":"#### 23 Rates of tax payable by companies\n\n  (1A) This section has effect subject to section 23A.\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a company, other than a company in the capacity of a trustee, are as set out in the following provisions of this section.\n  (2) The rate of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company is:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%;\n  if subsections (3) to (5) and section 23A do not apply to the company.\n  (3) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider are:\n    (a) in respect of the RSA component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the standard component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (4) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that becomes a PDF during a year of income and is still a PDF at the end of the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%; and\n    (c) in respect of so much of the taxable income as exceeds the PDF component:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (ii) otherwise—30%.\n  (5) The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a company that is a PDF throughout the year of income are:\n    (a) in respect of the SME income component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the unregulated investment component—25%.\n  (6) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than 55% of the amount (if any) by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $416, if:\n    (a) the company is a non‑profit company; and\n    (b) the taxable income is not greater than:\n    (i) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—$762; or\n    (ii) otherwise—$915.\n  (7) The amount of tax payable by a company (before applying any rebate, credit or other tax offset (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997)) must not be greater than:\n    (a) if the company is a base rate entity for a year of income—37.5%; or\n    (b) otherwise—45%;\n  of the amount by which the taxable income of the company exceeds $49,999, if the company is a recognised medium credit union in relation to the year of income.","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"23AA","sectionType":"section","heading":"Meaning of base rate entity","content":"#### 23AA Meaning of base rate entity\n\n  An entity is a base rate entity for a year of income if:\n    (a) no more than 80% of its assessable income for the year of income is base rate entity passive income; and\n    (b) its aggregated turnover (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) for the year of income, worked out as at the end of that year, is less than $50 million.","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"23AB","sectionType":"section","heading":"Meaning of base rate entity passive income","content":"#### 23AB Meaning of base rate entity passive income\n\n  (1) Base rate entity passive income is assessable income that is any of the following:\n    (a) a distribution (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a corporate tax entity (within the meaning of that Act), other than a non‑portfolio dividend (within the meaning of section 317 of the Assessment Act);\n    (b) an amount of a franking credit (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) on such a distribution;\n    (c) a non‑share dividend (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997) by a company;\n    (d) interest (or a payment in the nature of interest), royalties and rent;\n    (e) a gain on a qualifying security (within the meaning of Division 16E of Part III of the Assessment Act);\n    (f) a net capital gain (within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997);\n    (g) an amount included in the assessable income of a partner in a partnership or of a beneficiary of a trust estate under Division 5 or 6 of Part III of the Assessment Act, to the extent that the amount is referable (either directly or indirectly through one or more interposed partnerships or trust estates) to another amount that is base rate entity passive income under a preceding paragraph of this subsection.\n  (2) However, if an entity has assessable income that is interest (or a payment in the nature of interest):\n    (a) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) if:\n    (i) the entity is a financial institution (within the meaning of section 202A of the Assessment Act); or\n    (ii) the entity is a registered entity (within the meaning of the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001) that carries on a general business of providing finance (within the meaning of that Act) on a commercial basis; or\n    (iii) the entity holds an Australian credit licence (within the meaning of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009), or is a credit representative (within the meaning of that Act) of another entity that holds such an Australian credit licence; or\n    (iv) the entity is a financial services licensee (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001) whose licence covers dealings in financial products mentioned in paragraph 764A(1)(a) of that Act (securities), or is an authorised representative (within the meaning of that Act) of such a financial services licensee; or\n    (v) the entity is an entity of a kind specified in a legislative instrument made under subsection (3); and\n    (b) treat the assessable income as not being interest (or a payment in the nature of interest) of the entity for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d) to the extent that it is a return on an equity interest in a company.\n  (3) The Minister may, by legislative instrument, specify one or more kinds of entities for the purposes of subparagraph (2)(a)(v).","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"23A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax payable by life insurance companies","content":"#### 23A Rates of tax payable by life insurance companies\n\n  The rates of tax in respect of the taxable income of a life insurance company are:\n    (a) in respect of the ordinary class—30%; and\n    (b) in respect of the complying superannuation class—15%.","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rate of tax payable by trustees of public trading trusts","content":"#### 25 Rate of tax payable by trustees of public trading trusts\n\n  The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a public trading trust in respect of the net income of the public trading trust in respect of which the trustee is liable, under section 102S of the Assessment Act, to be assessed and to pay tax is:\n    (a) if the trust is a base rate entity for a year of income—25%; or\n    (b) otherwise—30%.","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax payable by trustees of superannuation funds","content":"#### 26 Rates of tax payable by trustees of superannuation funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax payable by trustees of approved deposit funds","content":"#### 27 Rates of tax payable by trustees of approved deposit funds\n\n  (1) The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.\n  (2) The rate of tax payable by a trustee of a non‑complying ADF in respect of the taxable income of the fund is 45%.","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"27A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax payable by trustees of pooled superannuation trusts","content":"#### 27A Rates of tax payable by trustees of pooled superannuation trusts\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a pooled superannuation trust in respect of the taxable income of the trust are:\n    (a) in respect of the low tax component—15%; and\n    (b) in respect of the non‑arm’s length component—45%.","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom section 98 of the Assessment Act applies","content":"#### 28 Rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom section 98 of the Assessment Act applies\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of a trust estate in respect of a share of the net income of the trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax are:\n    (a) if paragraph 98(3)(b) of the Assessment Act (about beneficiaries that are companies) applies:\n    (i) if the beneficiary is a company to which paragraph 23(2)(a) of this Act applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(a); or\n    (ii) otherwise—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b); and\n    (b) if subsection 98(4) of the Assessment Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 98(3)(a) of the Assessment Act applies, see subsection 12(6).","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"28A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates of tax payable by trustees of AMITs under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997","content":"#### 28A Rates of tax payable by trustees of AMITs under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997\n\n  The rates of tax payable by a trustee of an AMIT under paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) or (c) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 are:\n    (a) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(b) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies—the rate specified in paragraph 23(2)(b) of this Act; and\n    (b) if paragraph 276‑105(2)(c) of that Act applies—the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part II of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income.\n\n> Note: If paragraph 276‑105(2)(a) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 applies, see subsection 12(6A).","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"29","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rate of tax on no‑TFN contributions income","content":"#### 29 Rate of tax on no‑TFN contributions income\n\n  (1) This section sets the rate of tax payable:\n    (a) by a trustee of a complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (b) by a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund in respect of the no‑TFN contributions income of the fund; and\n    (c) by a company that is an RSA provider in respect of no‑TFN contributions income.\n  (2) The rate of tax is worked out in the following way:\n    (a) first, work out the maximum rate specified in column 3 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7 to this Act that applies for the year of income;\n    (b) next, add 2%;\n    (c) next, subtract the rate of tax:\n    (i) for a trustee of a complying superannuation fund—set out in paragraph 26(1)(a); or\n    (ii) for a trustee of a non‑complying superannuation fund—set out in subsection 26(2); or\n    (iii) for a company (other than a life insurance company) that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23(3)(a); or\n    (iv) for a life insurance company that is an RSA provider—set out in paragraph 23A(b).","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rate of tax payable by sovereign entities","content":"#### 30 Rate of tax payable by sovereign entities\n\n  The rate of tax payable in respect of the taxable income of a sovereign entity is 30%, unless another provision of this Part sets the rate of tax in respect of that taxable income.","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"Division 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Notional rates in respect of certain trust income","content":"### Division 2—Notional rates in respect of certain trust income\n\n  1. This Division applies:\n    (a) to a share of a resident beneficiary of the net income of a trust estate, if:\n    (i) the trustee of the trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act in respect of that share; and\n    (ii) Division 16 of Part III of the Assessment Act applies in relation to that share; and\n    (b) to the net income or a part of the net income of a resident trust estate, if:\n    (i) the trustee of the trust estate is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act in respect of that net income or that part of that net income of the trust estate; and\n    (ii) Division 16 of Part III of the Assessment Act applies in relation to that net income or that part of that net income.\n  2. The notional rate in respect of income to which this Division applies is:\n    (a) in a case where the income is:\n    (i) a share of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 of the Assessment Act; or\n    (ii) the net income or a part of the net income of a trust estate in respect of which the trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act, being the net income or a part of the net income of the estate of a deceased person who died less than 3 years before the end of the year of income;\n    the rate that would be calculated in accordance with Division 1 if that income were the taxable income of one individual and were not income in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 98 or 99 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (b) in any other case—the rate that would be calculated in accordance with Division 1 in respect of a taxable income equal to the income if:\n    (i) that income were the taxable income of one individual and were not income in respect of which a trustee is liable to be assessed and to pay tax under section 99 of the Assessment Act; and\n    (ii) the words “exceeds the tax‑free threshold but” were omitted from item 1 of the table applicable to the year of income in Part I of Schedule 7.","sortOrder":41}],"analysis":{"summary":{"complexity_score":9,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act originally (1986) focused on setting income tax rates for individuals and basic entity types. Over time, its scope has significantly expanded to cover working holiday makers (backpacker tax regime added later), attribution managed investment trusts (AMITs), sovereign entities, the base rate entity framework for small companies (replacing the previous small business rate structure), no-TFN contributions income, COVID-19 pandemic visa holders, and detailed passive income tests. What began as a relatively straightforward rate-setting instrument has evolved into a complex multi-regime framework covering dozens of distinct taxpayer categories and income types."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive cross-referencing to at least four other Acts (Income Tax Assessment Act 1936, Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, Income Tax (Transitional Provisions) Act 1997, Life Insurance Act 1995), requiring readers to consult multiple statutes simultaneously","Multiple overlapping taxpayer categories each with distinct rate regimes (individuals, companies, trusts, super funds, AMITs, PDFs, sovereign entities, working holiday makers, primary producers)","Complex trust income rules involving multiple layers of beneficiary residency status, Division 6AA calculations, phase-out limits calculated by formula, and Commissioner discretion","Mathematical formulas embedded in the legislation for calculating phase-out limits, extra tax for primary producers, and complementary tax rates","The 'base rate entity' concept requires a two-part test (turnover threshold AND passive income percentage) with detailed carve-outs for financial institutions and other specified entities","Interaction between the 'no-TFN contributions income' rate and multiple other rate provisions requiring sequential calculation steps","Pro-rating of the tax-free threshold requires counting part-year residency periods by month, with separate rules for trustees versus individual taxpayers","Repeated content in the document (sections appear duplicated) adding to navigation difficulty","The working holiday maker regime requires tracking visa type, bridging visa history, and income source simultaneously","Highly technical defined terms (e.g., 'special income component', 'employment termination remainder', 'ordinary taxable income') that themselves depend on other complex definitions"],"plain_english_summary":"## Income Tax Rates Act 1986 — What It Does and Who It Affects\n\n### The Big Picture\nThis law sets the **actual tax rates** (percentages) that Australians and Australian entities pay on their income. Think of it as the instruction manual that tells the Australian Tax Office (ATO) *how much* to charge — the other tax laws tell the ATO *what* to tax, but this one says *at what rate*.\n\n---\n\n### Who Does This Affect?\n\n**Ordinary individuals (residents):**\n- Sets the progressive tax rates you pay on your personal income\n- Establishes the **tax-free threshold** of **$18,200** — you pay no income tax on the first $18,200 you earn\n- If you only live in Australia for part of the year (say you moved here mid-year), a special formula pro-rates (adjusts proportionally) your tax-free threshold\n\n**Non-residents (people who live overseas):**\n- Pay different, generally higher rates with no access to the tax-free threshold\n- Special rules apply if you're a non-resident who receives Australian veterans' or social security payments\n\n**Working holiday makers (backpackers):**\n- People on Subclass 417 or 462 visas — commonly called the \"backpacker tax\"\n- Their Australian-sourced income while on those visas is taxed under a separate, flat-rate system (no tax-free threshold)\n\n**Companies:**\n- Most companies pay **30% tax**\n- Smaller companies that qualify as a **\"base rate entity\"** (roughly: turnover under $50 million and most income is from active business, not passive investments like rent or interest) pay a lower rate of **25%**\n- Life insurance companies have split rates: 30% on regular business income, 15% on income from complying superannuation (retirement savings) policies\n- Non-profit companies get concessional treatment on small incomes\n\n**Superannuation (retirement savings) funds:**\n- Complying super funds (those that follow the rules) pay **15%** on most income\n- Non-complying super funds are penalised at **45%**\n- Super funds that invest in \"non-arm's length\" arrangements (deals not done at fair market value, possibly to game the system) also pay **45%**\n\n**Trusts (legal structures where one person manages assets for another's benefit):**\n- Complex rules apply depending on whether the trust and its beneficiaries are residents or non-residents\n- Special rules prevent tax avoidance by routing income through trusts to children or low-income beneficiaries (\"Division 6AA\" rules impose higher rates on unearned income of minors over $416)\n- Trustees who can't be identified or who accumulate income pay the top rate of **45%**\n\n**Primary producers (farmers):**\n- Special income-averaging rules help farmers smooth out tax liability across good and bad years\n\n**Sovereign entities (foreign governments investing in Australia):**\n- Pay a flat **30%** rate\n\n---\n\n### Key Numbers at a Glance\n| Taxpayer Type | Rate |\n|---|---|\n| Individuals (resident) | Progressive (up to 45%) |\n| Tax-free threshold | $18,200 |\n| Companies (standard) | 30% |\n| Small/base rate companies | 25% |\n| Complying super funds | 15% |\n| Non-complying super/trusts | 45% |\n| Backpackers (working holiday) | Separate flat rate |\n\n---\n\n### Why It Matters to You\n- **Every employed Australian** is affected — this law sets the rates your employer uses to withhold tax from your pay\n- **Business owners and investors** need to know whether their company or trust qualifies for reduced rates\n- **Retirees** are affected through the concessional tax treatment of super funds\n- **Migrants and travellers** face different rates depending on their visa type and residency status"},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[{"type":"other","section":"3 (definition of 'ordinary taxable income') and 3 (definition of 'special income component')","severity":"medium","reasoning":"The special income component definition in paragraph (b) reduces the abnormal income amount by the excess of the 'component sum' over taxable income, which is an arithmetic attempt to prevent double-counting. However, the 'ordinary taxable income' definition independently subtracts the superannuation and employment termination remainders without any corresponding adjustment for the special income component, meaning the sum of ordinary taxable income, special income component, superannuation remainder, and employment termination remainder can exceed total taxable income in edge cases where the component sum adjustment in paragraph (b) is not triggered.","confidence":0.62,"description":"The definition of 'ordinary taxable income' reduces taxable income by the superannuation remainder and employment termination remainder, but does not reduce it by the special income component. Meanwhile, 'reduced taxable income' is defined as taxable income less the special income component. This creates three overlapping and potentially inconsistent carve-outs from the same taxable income base, with no explicit rule preventing the same dollar of income from being simultaneously counted in multiple components (e.g., if the abnormal income amount overlaps with the superannuation or employment termination remainder, the special income component formula in paragraph (b) only partially adjusts for this overlap)."},{"type":"impossible_compliance","section":"12A (heading and subsections (2) and (6))","severity":"medium","reasoning":"The heading implies a special rate applies when taxable income is below a certain threshold, but no operative provision is set out. This could mean the section is incomplete due to legislative truncation in the provided text, or that subsections were repealed but the heading was not removed, leaving an orphaned heading that is legally meaningless but potentially misleading to taxpayers and administrators.","confidence":0.75,"description":"Section 12A contains a heading 'Rate if taxable income is less than tax-free threshold adjusted by family tax assistance' that appears to be a floating orphan heading with no corresponding operative subsections between subsection (2) and subsection (6). Subsections (3), (4), and (5) are entirely absent from the text, creating a structural gap. The heading purports to introduce a rule but there is no subsection giving effect to it."},{"type":"impossible_compliance","section":"13(10) (resident phase-out limit formula)","severity":"high","reasoning":"While current Australian marginal rates top out at 45%, the formula contains no safeguard against a scenario where rates are legislated at 66% or above. A negative or undefined phase-out limit would make subsections 13(2), 13(6), and 13(8) entirely inoperable. This is a latent structural flaw that would become a live impossibility if rates were ever legislated at 66%+.","confidence":0.85,"description":"The formula for the resident phase-out limit is: ($416 × 66%) / (66% - Highest rate in Part I of Schedule 7). If the highest marginal rate in Schedule 7 equals or exceeds 66%, the denominator becomes zero or negative, making the formula mathematically undefined or producing a negative phase-out limit, which is conceptually impossible."},{"type":"impossible_compliance","section":"14(3) (net income phase-out limit formula)","severity":"medium","reasoning":"Similar to s13(10), this formula breaks down if the lowest Schedule 7 rate reaches 50%. The lowest rate is currently 19% (above the nil rate for income below the tax-free threshold), so the formula functions at present. However, no legislative safeguard exists, and the formula's structural integrity depends entirely on external rate-setting remaining below the embedded percentage threshold.","confidence":0.8,"description":"The formula for the net income phase-out limit is: ($416 × 50%) / (50% - Lowest rate in Part I of Schedule 7). If the lowest rate in Schedule 7 equals or exceeds 50%, the denominator becomes zero or negative, rendering the formula mathematically undefined or producing a nonsensical negative limit."},{"type":"impossible_compliance","section":"15(8) (non-resident phase-out limit formula)","severity":"medium","reasoning":"The formula is doubly vulnerable to rate changes. Non-resident rates are generally higher than resident rates, making the 66% threshold more likely to be approached. A zero or negative phase-out limit would render the entire non-resident cap mechanism in s15(2)(b) and s15(4)(d) inoperable.","confidence":0.78,"description":"The non-resident phase-out limit formula is: ($416 × (66% - Lowest rate in Part II of Schedule 7)) / (66% - Highest rate in Part II of Schedule 7). If the highest rate in Part II of Schedule 7 equals or exceeds 66%, the denominator is zero or negative. Additionally, if the lowest rate equals or exceeds 66%, the numerator becomes zero or negative, producing a zero or negative limit."},{"type":"other","section":"3 (definition of 'prescribed non-resident') and section 16 (definition of 'eligible pensioner')","severity":"low","reasoning":"The eligible pensioner definition in s16 expressly carves out Parts 2.11, 2.12 and 2.15 of the Social Security Act 1991, while the prescribed non-resident definition simply refers to the entire Social Security Act 1991 without such carve-outs. This differential treatment may be intentional policy but creates a structural asymmetry that could produce anomalous outcomes for recipients of those specific payment types who are non-residents.","confidence":0.65,"description":"A person receiving compensation under Part 2.11, 2.12 or 2.15 of the Social Security Act 1991 is excluded from the definition of 'eligible pensioner' (s16) but is not excluded from the carve-out in the 'prescribed non-resident' definition (s3). This creates an asymmetry where certain Social Security recipients are treated as prescribed non-residents for general rate purposes but cannot claim the pro-rating benefit available to eligible pensioners."},{"type":"self_contradicting","section":"Entire document structure","severity":"high","reasoning":"The document contains verbatim repetition of sections 1-4, 3A, 5, 12-15, 12A, 13-15 appearing multiple times. In a formal legislative instrument, duplicate operative provisions create interpretive uncertainty. However, this is most likely a document formatting/compilation error rather than a genuine legislative duplication, so confidence is moderate.","confidence":0.7,"description":"The entire text of the Act appears to be reproduced at least three times in full within the provided document (Parts I, II, and III of the legislation appear, followed by a repetition of the full Act from 'An Act to declare the rates of income tax' onwards). This structural duplication, if present in the actual legislative instrument, would create ambiguity about which version of any provision prevails."},{"type":"other","section":"3A(1)(d) - COVID-19 pandemic event 408 visa","severity":"low","reasoning":"The COVID-19 pandemic event 408 visa was a temporary measure under the Migration Regulations 1994. If the visa class is no longer being granted or has been revoked, the paragraph becomes a dead letter but remains on the statute book. Conversely, if still operative, it permanently embeds pandemic emergency measures into the standard tax rate framework without sunset provisions.","confidence":0.6,"description":"Including the COVID-19 pandemic event 408 visa as a permanent feature of the definition of 'working holiday maker' is anomalous, as this visa category was created as a temporary pandemic emergency measure. Its ongoing presence in the definition creates a potentially permanent tax concession regime tied to an emergency instrument that may have expired or been revoked."},{"type":"other","section":"23(6) - non-profit company tax cap","severity":"low","reasoning":"The cap threshold amounts ($762/$915) appear calibrated so that at the upper bound, the cap rate (55%) and the standard rate (25%/30%) converge. However, for incomes between $416 and the threshold, the 55% cap may actually be higher than the effective average rate, meaning the 'cap' could theoretically permit more tax than the uncapped schedule rate. This makes the cap provision potentially redundant or counterproductive.","confidence":0.55,"description":"The non-profit company tax cap in s23(6) applies only where taxable income does not exceed $762 (base rate entity) or $915 (otherwise). The cap is 55% of the amount exceeding $416. For income of exactly $915, the uncapped tax at 30% would be $274.50, while 55% of ($915-$416) = $274.45. The cap is therefore effectively meaningless for non-base-rate entities with taxable income near $915, as the ordinary rate already produces tax below the cap threshold."}],"contradictions":[{"severity":"medium","section_a":"5 (definition of 'tax' for Part II purposes)","section_b":"21 (Part III - 'tax does not include tax within the meaning of Part II')","confidence":0.65,"description":"Section 5 defines 'tax' for Part II to include tax payable by natural persons and trustee companies subject to specified exclusions. Section 21 defines 'tax' for Part III as excluding Part II tax. These mutual exclusions are structurally sound in isolation but create a gap: entities that fall within the exclusions from Part II's definition of 'tax' in s5 (e.g., trustees of eligible superannuation funds) are excluded from Part II but must then be captured by Part III. If such entities also fall outside Part III's coverage, they would be subject to no rate provision at all."},{"severity":"low","section_a":"12(6) (trustee rates under ss98/99 set out in Schedule 10, subject to ss13, 14, 15)","section_b":"14(1) and 14(2) (limitations on tax payable under s12(6))","confidence":0.6,"description":"Section 12(6) makes itself subject to sections 13, 14 and 15, and section 14 purports to limit tax 'payable under subsection 12(6)'. However, section 14 applies only to trustees of resident trust estates assessed under section 99 (not section 98). Section 12(6) covers both sections 98 and 99 trustees. Section 14's limitation therefore applies only to a subset of the entities covered by s12(6), creating an asymmetry where the cross-reference in s12(6) to s14 is broader than s14's actual operative scope, potentially misleading readers about the extent of s14's limitation."},{"severity":"low","section_a":"13(2) (resident taxpayer eligible taxable income cap - 66% of excess over $416)","section_b":"14(2) (resident trust estate net income cap - 50% of excess over $416)","confidence":0.55,"description":"For resident taxpayers under Division 6AA, the income cap rate is 66%, while for resident trust estates assessed under s99, the cap rate is 50%. This differential treatment applies to economically similar situations (minor beneficiaries or trust income) but produces systematically different tax outcomes depending on whether income flows through a taxpayer directly or through a s99 trust, without any apparent policy justification articulated in the Act."},{"severity":"low","section_a":"3A(2) (working holiday taxable income defined by reference to assessable income derived while a working holiday maker)","section_b":"3A(3) (working holiday taxable income excludes superannuation and employment termination remainders)","confidence":0.58,"description":"Section 3A(2) defines working holiday taxable income as assessable income from Australian sources while a working holiday maker, less related deductions. Section 3A(3) then carves out the superannuation remainder and employment termination remainder. However, superannuation remainder is defined in s3 as income included under Division 301 of ITAA 1997 that does not give rise to a tax offset - this income would typically not be 'derived while a working holiday maker' in the ordinary sense, as it relates to superannuation fund payments. The exclusion in s3A(3) may therefore be targeting income that would never have been included in s3A(2) in the first place, making the exclusion either redundant or indicative of an unresolved definitional overlap."},{"severity":"medium","section_a":"23(1) (rates of tax payable by companies 'other than a company in the capacity of a trustee')","section_b":"28 (rates of tax payable by certain trustees to whom s98 Assessment Act applies - cross-referencing s23(2))","confidence":0.72,"description":"Section 23(1) expressly excludes companies acting as trustees from the company tax rate provisions. However, section 28(a) directly cross-references the rates in s23(2)(a) and s23(2)(b) to set the tax rate for trustee companies assessed under s98(3)(b). This creates a structural tension: s23 says it does not apply to trustee companies, but s28 applies s23's rates to trustee companies by reference. While s28 may be intended to import the rates without applying the full s23 regime, the drafting creates apparent contradiction."},{"severity":"low","section_a":"12(9) (rate of tax under s99A is 45%)","section_b":"12(11), 12(12), 12(13) (rates of tax for AMIT trustees under various provisions are 45%)","confidence":0.45,"description":"Multiple subsections of s12 set a 45% rate for different categories of trustee liability. While not strictly contradictory, the fragmented legislative approach of repeating the same 45% rate across subsections (9), (11), (12) and (13) creates a risk of future inconsistency if one subsection is amended and others are not. More significantly, s26(2) also sets a 45% rate for non-complying superannuation funds, and s27(2) for non-complying ADFs. The proliferation of separately-stated 45% rates without a unified provision creates structural fragility."}]},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":639},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The original 1986 Act was a straightforward rates declaration statute. It has significantly expanded to cover: working holiday makers (2017), base rate entities and passive income tests (2017-2018), AMITs (attribution managed investment trusts), COVID-19 pandemic event visas, and complex pro-rating formulas. The original scope of simply declaring rates has grown into a comprehensive taxonomy of entity-specific taxation with anti-avoidance measures."},"complexity_factors":["47+ defined terms in the interpretation section, many cross-referencing other Acts","Nested conditional logic: rates depend on entity type, residency, income components, and multiple qualifying tests","Extensive cross-referencing to Schedules 7, 8, 10, 10A, 11 and 12 which are not included in the provided text","Multiple overlapping definitions for 'tax' in different Parts (Part II vs Part III)","Complex formulas for phase-out limits and pro-rating calculations (e.g., section 20)","Base rate entity tests requiring both passive income percentage AND turnover thresholds","Working holiday maker definition with 4 nested conditions including bridging visa rules","Trustee taxation rules with multiple exceptions and beneficiary-type dependencies"],"plain_english_summary":"This Act sets the **income tax rates** that apply to different types of taxpayers in Australia. Think of it as the rulebook that tells the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) what percentage of your income to take as tax.\n\n**Who it covers:**\n- **Individuals** (Australian residents and non-residents)\n- **Companies** (including special rules for small businesses called \"base rate entities\")\n- **Trusts** and their trustees\n- **Superannuation funds** (both complying and non-complying)\n- **Life insurance companies**\n- **Working holiday makers** (backpackers on 417/462 visas)\n\n**Key things it does:**\n- Sets the **tax-free threshold** at **$18,200** — you don't pay tax on the first $18,200 you earn\n- Defines different tax rates based on residency status and income type\n- Creates special rules for **part-year residents** (people who weren't in Australia the whole financial year) — they get a reduced tax-free threshold\n- Establishes lower tax rates for **small businesses** that qualify as \"base rate entities\" (25% instead of 30%)\n- Sets **15% tax** on superannuation fund earnings and **45%** for non-complying funds\n- Creates special rules for **children's income** (Division 6AA) to stop parents splitting income with kids to avoid tax\n- Defines **\"working holiday taxable income\"** — backpackers pay tax on Australian-sourced income earned while on working holiday visas\n\n**Why it matters:** This Act works together with the Income Tax Assessment Acts to determine exactly how much tax you owe. Without it, the ATO wouldn't know what rates to apply."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":9,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act originally aimed to declare income tax rates. Over time, it has expanded to include detailed rules for many different taxpayer categories, special rate schedules for different income years, complex anti-avoidance measures (e.g., non-arm's length components), and provisions for new entities such as AMITs and base rate entities. The inclusion of working holiday makers, pro-rating of the tax-free threshold, and multiple phase-out limits goes well beyond its original scope of simply setting rates."},"complexity_factors":["Over 60 defined terms in the interpretation section, many cross-referencing other Acts","Multiple schedules (Schedule 7, 8, 10, 10A, 11, 12) with varying rates for different entities and tax years","Nested conditional rules for special income components, averaging provisions, and phase-out limits","Heavy reliance on the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 and 1997, requiring constant cross-referencing","Separate rate tables for residents, non-residents, working holiday makers, and for different income years (2024-25, 2025-26, 2026-27, 2027-28+)","Complex formulas for calculating tax on income with abnormal amounts or special components","Numerous exceptions and carve-outs for specific entity types (e.g., base rate entities, PDFs, RSA providers, credit unions)","Pro-rating rules for part-year residency and tax-free threshold adjustments","Attribution Managed Investment Trust (AMIT) provisions add another layer of complexity"],"plain_english_summary":"This Act sets the income tax rates for different types of taxpayers in Australia. It applies to individuals (residents and non-residents), companies, superannuation funds, trusts, and other entities.\n\n**For individuals:**\n- **Resident taxpayers** have a tax-free threshold of $18,200. Income above that is taxed at progressive rates: 16% for income between $18,201 and $45,000, 30% for $45,001–$135,000, 37% for $135,001–$190,000, and 45% for amounts over $190,000. These rates apply for the 2024-25 and 2025-26 years, with slight decreases in later years.\n- **Non-resident taxpayers** are taxed at different rates, starting at 30% for income up to $135,000, then 37% up to $190,000, and 45% above that. They do not get the tax-free threshold.\n- **Working holiday makers** have a separate tax scale: 15% for income up to $45,000, then the same rates as residents for higher brackets.\n- Special rules apply for certain income types (e.g., superannuation lump sums, employment termination payments, and above-average professional income).\n\n**For companies:**\n- The standard company tax rate is 30%, but **base rate entities** (small businesses with aggregated turnover under $50 million and at least 80% active income) pay a reduced rate of 25%.\n- Special rates apply to life insurance companies, pooled development funds, and other entities.\n\n**For superannuation funds and similar entities:**\n- Complying superannuation funds and approved deposit funds pay 15% on most income (the 'low tax component') and 45% on non-arm's length income.\n- Non-complying funds pay 45% on all income.\n\n**For trusts:**\n- Trustees of certain trusts pay tax at different rates depending on the type of trust and whether beneficiaries are residents or non-residents. For example, trustees of public trading trusts are taxed at the company rate (25% or 30%).\n\nThis Act is complex because it incorporates definitions and rules from the *Income Tax Assessment Act 1936* and *1997*, and contains many schedules with detailed rate tables and calculations."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/income-tax-rates-act-1986","history":"/api/acts/income-tax-rates-act-1986/history","analysis":"/api/acts/income-tax-rates-act-1986/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/income-tax-rates-act-1986/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/income-tax-rates-act-1986/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/income-tax-rates-act-1986/documents"}}