{"id":"nsw:act-1991-053","name":"Hunter Water Act 1991","slug":"hunter-water-act-1991","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"nsw","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"53 of 1991","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":106287,"registerId":"nsw-act-1991-053-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Preliminary","content":"# Part 1 Preliminary\n\nPart 1 Preliminary","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name of Act","content":"#### 1 Name of Act\n\n1 Name of Act\n\n> This Act may be cited as the [Hunter Water Act 1991](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1991-053).\n> \n> **s 1:** Am 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commencement","content":"#### 2 Commencement\n\n2 Commencement\n\n> This Act commences on a day or days to be appointed by proclamation.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 3 Definitions\n\n3 Definitions\n\n> > (1) Words and expressions used in this Act have the same meanings as they have in the [State Owned Corporations Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-134).\n> \n> > (2) In this Act—\n> > \n> > area of operations means the area of operations referred to in section 16.\n> > \n> > authorised person means an officer or other person acting on behalf of the Corporation to whom a certificate of authority has been issued under section 21 (2).\n> > \n> > availability charge means a charge of a kind referred to in section 43.\n> > \n> > business undertaking means all assets, rights and liabilities of Hunter Water Corporation Limited, but does not include any excluded undertaking.\n> > \n> > contract charge means any charge or fee payable under a customer contract, or other contract made between the Corporation and a customer, for the provision of water supply or sewerage services.\n> > \n> > Corporation means Hunter Water Corporation.\n> > \n> > customer, in relation to the Corporation, means a person who is taken to have entered into a customer contract or a person who has made a contract with the Corporation of a kind referred to in section 37.\n> > \n> > customer contract means a contract of a kind referred to in section 36 (1).\n> > \n> > development and carry out development have the same meanings as they have in the [Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1979-203).\n> > \n> > drainage channel means any artificial channel by which surface water is carried off.\n> > \n> > environmental levy means an amount imposed under section 45.\n> > \n> > excluded undertaking means any assets, rights or liabilities of Hunter Water Corporation Limited that the Minister has directed to be excluded under section 6.\n> > \n> > headworks means dam walls, pumps and other works used for or with respect to the extraction of water in rivers and lakes, water occurring naturally on the surface of the ground or sub-surface waters and the storage of that water.\n> > \n> > Hunter Water Board means the Hunter Water Board constituted under the [Hunter Water Board Act 1988](/view/pdf/asmade/act-1988-119).\n> > \n> > instrument means an instrument (other than this Act) that creates, modifies or extinguishes rights or liabilities (or would do so if lodged, filed or registered in accordance with any law), and includes any judgment, order and process of a court.\n> > \n> > lease includes a licence or permit.\n> > \n> > meter includes any measuring device.\n> > \n> > Ministerial Corporation means the Hunter Water Ministerial Corporation constituted by section 63.\n> > \n> > operating licence means an operating licence granted under section 12 or any renewal of it.\n> > \n> > operational audit means an operational audit of the Corporation that is required to be prepared under the operating licence.\n> > \n> > owner, in relation to land, includes every person who jointly or severally at law or in equity—\n> > \n> > > (a) is entitled to the land for an estate of freehold in possession, or\n> > \n> > > (b) is a person to whom the Crown has contracted to sell the land under the [Crown Land Management Act 2016](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2016-058) or any other Act relating to alienation of land of the Crown, or\n> > \n> > > (c) is entitled to receive, or receives, or if the land were let to a tenant would receive, the rents and profits of the land, whether as beneficial owner, trustee, mortgagee in possession or otherwise,\n> > \n> > and, in relation to land of the Crown, means the Crown but does not include a person who, or a class of persons that, is specified by a regulation not to be an owner for the purposes of this definition, either generally or in a particular case or class of cases.\n> > \n> > public road means a road the public are entitled to use, whether or not it is—\n> > \n> > > (a) dedicated as a highway by the Crown or any person, or\n> > \n> > > (b) notified, proclaimed or dedicated as a road or highway under an Act.\n> > \n> > rate means a rate made and levied on land within a declared drainage area under section 46.\n> > \n> > special area means an area of land declared by an order in force under section 53 to be a special area.\n> > \n> > statutory body means a corporation that—\n> > \n> > > (a) is not a company within the meaning of the [Corporations Act 2001](http://www.legislation.gov.au/) of the Commonwealth, and\n> > \n> > > (a1) is not a co-operative within the meaning of the [Co-operatives National Law (NSW)](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2012-29a), and\n> > \n> > > (b) is not a society within the meaning of the [Friendly Societies Act 1989](/view/pdf/asmade/act-1989-232), and\n> > \n> > > (b1) is not a society registered under the Financial Institutions (NSW) Code or the [Co-operative Housing and Starr-Bowkett Societies Act 1998](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1998-011), and\n> > \n> > > (c) is not a body prescribed by the regulations as not being a statutory body for the purposes of this definition,\n> > \n> > and is incorporated by or under an Act (other than this Act or the [Associations Incorporation Act 2009](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2009-007)).\n> > \n> > Tribunal means the Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal established under the [Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal Act 1992](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1992-039).\n> > \n> > Water Administration Ministerial Corporation means the Water Administration Ministerial Corporation constituted by the [Water Management Act 2000](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-092).\n> > \n> > works means water mains, sewer mains, drainage channels and any works ancillary to those works.\n> \n> > (3) In this Act—\n> > \n> > > (a) a reference to a function includes a reference to a power, authority and duty, and\n> > \n> > > (b) a reference to the exercise of a function includes, if the function is a duty, a reference to the performance of the duty.\n> \n> **s 3:** Am 1997 No 152, Sch 4.16 \\[1\\]; 1998 No 11, Sch 6.12; 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[2\\]–\\[4\\]; 2000 No 60, Sch 1.4 \\[1\\]; 2000 No 92, Sch 8.12 \\[1\\]; 2001 No 34, Sch 4.23 \\[1\\]; 2009 No 7, Sch 3.7; 2014 No 88, Sch 2.29 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]; 2017 No 17, Sch 2.7 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Hunter Water Corporation","content":"# Part 2 Hunter Water Corporation\n\nPart 2 Hunter Water Corporation\n\n**pt 2:** Subst 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[5\\].","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Establishment of Corporation as a statutory SOC","content":"#### 4 Establishment of Corporation as a statutory SOC\n\n4 Establishment of Corporation as a statutory SOC\n\n> > (1) There is constituted by this Act a corporation with the corporate name of the Hunter Water Corporation.\n> \n> > (2) (Repealed)\n> \n> **s 4:** Subst 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[5\\]. Am 1999 No 85, Sch 4.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"4A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Functions of Corporation","content":"#### 4A Functions of Corporation\n\n4A Functions of Corporation\n\n> > (1) The Corporation has the functions conferred or imposed on it by or under this or any other Act or law.\n> \n> > (2) The principal functions of the Corporation are those that are referred to in section 12 and that are the subject of one or more operating licences.\n> \n> > (3) Subject to the terms of any operating licence, the Corporation may—\n> > \n> > > (a) provide facilities or services that are necessary, ancillary or incidental to its principal functions, and\n> > \n> > > (b) conduct any business or activity (whether or not related to its principal functions) that it considers will further its objectives.\n> \n> > (4) This section does not limit the functions of the Corporation apart from this section, but is subject to the provisions of this Act, the [State Owned Corporations Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-134) and any other Act or law.\n> \n> **s 4A:** Ins 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[5\\].","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"4B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Board of Corporation","content":"#### 4B Board of Corporation\n\n4B Board of Corporation\n\n> > (1) The board of the Corporation is to consist of the following—\n> > \n> > > (a) a chairperson, appointed by the voting shareholders of the Corporation,\n> > \n> > > (b) 7 directors, appointed for their relevant expertise by the voting shareholders of the Corporation,\n> > \n> > > (c) (Repealed)\n> > \n> > > (d) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation.\n> \n> > (2), (3) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (4) Subsection (1) has effect despite the provisions of section 20J of, and clause 2 (1) of Schedule 8 to, the [State Owned Corporations Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-134).\n> \n> **s 4B:** Ins 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[5\\]. Am 2005 No 64, Sch 2.25 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]; 2013 No 36, Sch 2.2 \\[1\\]–\\[4\\].","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"4C","sectionType":"section","heading":"Role of certain Ministers","content":"#### 4C Role of certain Ministers\n\n4C Role of certain Ministers\n\n> > (1) The Premier may not nominate—\n> > \n> > > (a) the portfolio Minister of the Corporation, or\n> > \n> > > (b) a Minister administering the [Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1979-203), the [Water Management Act 2000](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-092), the [Protection of the Environment Administration Act 1991](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1991-060) or the [Public Health Act 2010](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2010-127),\n> > \n> > as a voting shareholder of the Corporation.\n> \n> > (2) However, the portfolio Minister of the Corporation is authorised to attend meetings of the shareholders of the Corporation.\n> \n> > (3) If a Minister nominated by the Premier as a voting shareholder of the Corporation becomes the portfolio Minister of the Corporation or the Minister who is responsible for the administration of any of the Acts referred to in subsection (1) (b), the Premier must, as soon as practicable, revoke the nomination of the Minister as a voting shareholder and nominate another Minister in the Minister’s place.\n> \n> > (4) The portfolio Minister is to answer all questions directed to the Minister in Parliament in relation to the administration of this Act.\n> \n> **s 4C:** Ins 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[5\\]. Am 2000 No 92, Sch 8.12 \\[2\\]; 2010 No 127, Sch 4.11.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"Part 3","sectionType":"part","heading":"Transfer of assets, rights and liabilities","content":"# Part 3 Transfer of assets, rights and liabilities\n\nPart 3 Transfer of assets, rights and liabilities","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Direction to transfer business undertaking","content":"#### 5 Direction to transfer business undertaking\n\n5 Direction to transfer business undertaking\n\n> > (1) The Minister may, by order in writing, direct that the business undertaking of Hunter Water Corporation Limited be transferred to the Corporation, in exchange for the issue of shares or on any other basis.\n> \n> > (2) The transfer of assets, rights and liabilities under this section is to take place at a value or values specified in the order.\n> \n> > (3) On the commencement of the order, the following provisions have effect (subject to the order)—\n> > \n> > > (a) the assets of Hunter Water Corporation Limited comprised in its business undertaking vest in the Corporation by virtue of this section and without the need for any conveyance, transfer, assignment or assurance,\n> > \n> > > (b) the rights and liabilities of Hunter Water Corporation Limited comprised in its business undertaking become by virtue of this section the rights and liabilities of the Corporation,\n> > \n> > > (c) all proceedings relating to the business undertaking commenced before the transfer by or against Hunter Water Corporation Limited or a predecessor of Hunter Water Corporation Limited and pending immediately before the transfer are taken to be proceedings pending by or against the Corporation,\n> > \n> > > (d) any act, matter or thing done or omitted to be done in relation to the business undertaking before the transfer by, to or in respect of Hunter Water Corporation Limited is (to the extent that that act, matter or thing has any force or effect) taken to have been done or omitted by, to or in respect of the Corporation,\n> > \n> > > (e) a reference in any Act, in any instrument made under any Act or in any document of any kind to Hunter Water Corporation Limited or a predecessor of Hunter Water Corporation Limited is, subject to regulations under section 70 (2), to be read as, or as including, a reference to the Corporation.\n> \n> > (4) The operation of this section is not to be regarded—\n> > \n> > > (a) as a breach of contract or confidence or otherwise as a civil wrong, or\n> > \n> > > (b) as a breach of any contractual provision prohibiting, restricting or regulating the assignment or transfer of assets, rights or liabilities, or\n> > \n> > > (c) as giving rise to any remedy by a party to an instrument, or as causing or permitting the termination of any instrument, because of a change in the beneficial or legal ownership of any asset, right or liability.\n> \n> > (5) The operation of this section is not to be regarded as an event of default under any contract or other instrument.\n> \n> > (6) No attornment to the Corporation by a lessee from Hunter Water Corporation Limited is required.\n> \n> > (7) Assets, rights or liabilities may not be transferred under this section to the Corporation unless the Corporation is a State owned corporation.\n> \n> **s 5:** Am 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[6\\] \\[7\\].","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Excluded undertakings","content":"#### 6 Excluded undertakings\n\n6 Excluded undertakings\n\n> > (1) The Minister may direct, by order in writing, that such assets, rights or liabilities of Hunter Water Corporation Limited as are specified or referred to in the order be excluded from Hunter Water Corporation Limited’s business undertaking.\n> \n> > (2) On the date specified in the order, the excluded undertaking concerned is transferred to the Ministerial Corporation or such other person on behalf of the Crown as is so specified.\n> \n> > (3) Section 5 applies to that transfer in the same way as it applies to the transfer of Hunter Water Corporation Limited’s business undertaking to the Corporation.\n> \n> > (4) Different parts of any excluded undertaking may be so transferred to different persons.\n> \n> > (5) The Ministerial Corporation or other person is authorised to dispose of any excluded undertaking so transferred or to retain it and conduct any business to which it relates.\n> \n> **s 6:** Am 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[6\\].","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transfer of other assets, rights or liabilities","content":"#### 7 Transfer of other assets, rights or liabilities\n\n7 Transfer of other assets, rights or liabilities\n\n> > (1) The Minister may direct, by order in writing, and on such terms and conditions as are set out or referred to in the order, that such other assets, rights or liabilities used by or attaching to Hunter Water Corporation Limited for the supply of water, the provision of sewerage and drainage services, the disposal of waste water and associated purposes, and belonging to the State or an authority of the State, as are specified in the order be transferred to the Corporation or to a subsidiary of the Corporation.\n> \n> > (2) Section 5 applies to that transfer in the same way as it applies to the transfer of Hunter Water Corporation Limited’s business undertaking to the Corporation.\n> \n> **s 7:** Am 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[6\\].","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"Part 4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Dissolution of Hunter Water Board","content":"# Part 4 Dissolution of Hunter Water Board\n\nPart 4 Dissolution of Hunter Water Board","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Repeal of Hunter Water Board Act 1988 No 119","content":"#### 8 Repeal of Hunter Water Board Act 1988 No 119\n\n8 Repeal of [Hunter Water Board Act 1988 No 119](/view/pdf/asmade/act-1988-119)\n\n> The [Hunter Water Board Act 1988](/view/pdf/asmade/act-1988-119) and all regulations and by-laws under that Act are repealed.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Dissolution of Hunter Water Board","content":"#### 9 Dissolution of Hunter Water Board\n\n9 Dissolution of Hunter Water Board\n\n> > (1) The Hunter Water Board is dissolved.\n> \n> > (2) The assets, rights and liabilities (if any) of the Hunter Water Board immediately before its dissolution are transferred to the Ministerial Corporation.\n> \n> > (3) Section 5 applies to that transfer in the same way as it applies to the transfer of the Hunter Water Board’s business undertaking to the Corporation.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Members of Hunter Water Board to vacate office","content":"#### 10 Members of Hunter Water Board to vacate office\n\n10 Members of Hunter Water Board to vacate office\n\n> > (1) A person who, immediately before the dissolution of the Hunter Water Board, held office as a member of the Hunter Water Board—\n> > \n> > > (a) ceases to hold office as such, and\n> > \n> > > (b) except as provided by subsection (2), is not entitled to any remuneration or compensation because of the loss of that office.\n> \n> > (2) Part 8 of the [Public Sector Management Act 1988](/view/html/repealed/current/act-1988-033) applies to a person who so ceases to hold office as a member of the Hunter Water Board, without immediately being appointed to the service of the Corporation or a subsidiary of the Corporation, in the same way as it applies to a person removed from office under that Part.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Corporation to be same legal entity as Hunter Water Board","content":"#### 11 Corporation to be same legal entity as Hunter Water Board\n\n11 Corporation to be same legal entity as Hunter Water Board\n\n> > (1) On the dissolution of the Hunter Water Board, the Corporation is taken for all purposes including the rules of private international law to be a continuation of and the same legal entity as the Hunter Water Board.\n> \n> > (2) This section does not affect any transfer of assets, rights and liabilities under section 6 or 9.","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"Part 5","sectionType":"part","heading":"Provisions applying to the Corporation","content":"# Part 5 Provisions applying to the Corporation\n\nPart 5 Provisions applying to the Corporation","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Operating licence","content":"## Division 1 Operating licence\n\nDivision 1 Operating licence","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Grant of operating licence","content":"#### 12 Grant of operating licence\n\n12 Grant of operating licence\n\n> > (1) The Governor may grant an operating licence to the Corporation to enable the Corporation in accordance with this Act, in the area of operations specified in the licence, to provide, construct, operate, manage and maintain systems and services for—\n> > \n> > > (a) supplying water, and\n> > \n> > > (b) providing sewerage and drainage services, and\n> > \n> > > (c) disposing of waste water.\n> \n> > (2) Except to the extent to which this Act expressly provides, nothing in an operating licence limits the requirements imposed by or under any other Act or law with respect to the provision, construction, operation, management or maintenance of any system or service referred to in subsection (1).\n> \n> > (3) (Repealed)\n> \n> **s 12:** Am 1997 No 128, Sch 2.1.","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Terms and conditions of operating licence","content":"#### 13 Terms and conditions of operating licence\n\n13 Terms and conditions of operating licence\n\n> > (1) The operating licence is subject to the terms and conditions determined by the Governor but must include terms or conditions under which the Corporation is required—\n> > \n> > > (a) to provide, construct, operate, manage and maintain efficient, co-ordinated and commercially viable systems and services for supplying water, providing sewerage services and disposing of waste water, and\n> > \n> > > (b) to provide, operate, manage and maintain a drainage service within the capacity of the drainage service included in the business undertaking transferred under Part 3 by the Hunter Water Board to the Corporation as at the date of the transfer of the business undertaking, and\n> > \n> > > (c) to ensure that the systems and services meet the quality and performance standards specified in the operating licence in relation to water quality, service interruptions, price levels and other matters determined by the Governor and set out in the operating licence.\n> \n> > (2) The operating licence must also include terms or conditions that require the Corporation to maintain procedures under which the Corporation is to consult with its customers at regular intervals in relation to the provision of the systems and services referred to in this section.","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Amendment of operating licence","content":"#### 14 Amendment of operating licence\n\n14 Amendment of operating licence\n\n> The operating licence may only be amended in the manner specified in the operating licence.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Term of operating licence","content":"#### 15 Term of operating licence\n\n15 Term of operating licence\n\n> > (1) The initial term of the operating licence is to expire on 30 June 1995.\n> \n> > (2) After the initial term, the Governor may renew the operating licence for a maximum of 5 years at a time.\n> \n> > (3) The operating licence may be renewed even if its term has expired.\n> \n> **s 15:** Am 2000 No 60, Sch 3.4.","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Area covered by operating licence","content":"#### 16 Area covered by operating licence\n\n16 Area covered by operating licence\n\n> > (1) The operating licence applies to the area of operations specified in the operating licence, being the area of operations of Hunter Water Corporation Limited immediately before it ceased to be a company State owned corporation including—\n> > \n> > > (a) any parts of the Shire of Dungog specified in the operating licence at the date of the commencement of the operating licence, and\n> > \n> > > (b) any other land specified in the operating licence, not included in the above, in or on which works owned by the Corporation are installed or that is connected with a water main or sewer main owned by the Corporation at the date of the commencement of the operating licence, and\n> > \n> > > (c) any other land specified by the Governor by order for the purpose published in the Gazette.\n> \n> > (2) Despite subsection (1) (c), the area of operations must not be expanded to include the whole or part of the area within which—\n> > \n> > > (a) a council within the meaning of the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030), or\n> > \n> > > (b) a public authority within the meaning of the [Water Management Act 2000](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-092), or\n> > \n> > > (c) a water supply authority within the meaning of the [Water Management Act 2000](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-092),\n> > \n> > provides services that are the same services the Corporation is authorised to provide under the operating licence unless consultations, regarding the proposed expansion and its implications, have taken place between the Corporation and the council, public authority or Water Supply Authority before the order expanding the area of operations is made.\n> \n> **s 16:** Am 1995 No 11, Sch 1; 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[8\\]; 2000 No 92, Sch 8.12 \\[3\\] \\[4\\].","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Contravention of operating licence","content":"#### 17 Contravention of operating licence\n\n17 Contravention of operating licence\n\n> > (1) If, in the opinion of the Minister, the Corporation contravenes the operating licence, the Governor may direct that one of the following is to apply—\n> > \n> > > (a) a letter of reprimand by the Minister is to be served on the Corporation,\n> > \n> > > (b) the Corporation is to pay a monetary penalty (not exceeding $150,000) in an amount to be determined by the Governor,\n> > \n> > > (c) the operating licence is to be cancelled by the Governor in accordance with section 18.\n> \n> > (2) The fact that the Governor has directed that action be taken under this section does not prevent the Governor directing that the same or other action under the section be taken if the contravention continues or a fresh contravention occurs.\n> \n> > (3) The operating licence may make provision for advice to be furnished to the Minister in connection with the exercise of the Minister’s functions under this section.\n> \n> > (4) A penalty imposed under this section may be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction as if it were a debt due to the Crown.","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"17A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Contravention of operating licence: action by Tribunal","content":"#### 17A Contravention of operating licence: action by Tribunal\n\n17A Contravention of operating licence: action by Tribunal\n\n> > (1) The Tribunal may impose a monetary penalty on the Corporation.\n> \n> > (2) The Tribunal may, instead of imposing a monetary penalty, require the Corporation to take such action as the Tribunal considers appropriate in the circumstances, including (for example) requiring the sending of information to customers or the publication of notices in newspapers.\n> \n> > (3) The Tribunal may not require action to be taken under subsection (2) by the Corporation if the cost of that action would exceed the monetary penalty that the Tribunal could impose under this section on the Corporation.\n> \n> > (4) If the Tribunal requires information to be sent to a customer under subsection (2), the Corporation may satisfy that requirement by sending the information to the customer with the next account or bill to be sent to the customer by the Corporation or, if the Corporation is sending other information to that customer before the next account or bill, with that other information.\n> \n> > (5) Action may be taken under this section only if the Corporation has knowingly contravened the operating licence.\n> \n> > (6) The monetary penalty that the Tribunal may impose under this section must not exceed $10,000 for the first day on which the contravention concerned occurs and a further $1,000 for each subsequent day (not exceeding 30 days) on which the contravention continues.\n> \n> > (7) The Tribunal must not take action under this section unless—\n> > \n> > > (a) the Tribunal has considered whether the contravention has been or is likely to be the subject of any other penalty or action or any claim for compensation, and is satisfied that it is nevertheless appropriate to take action under this section, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the Tribunal has considered the action that the Corporation has taken or is likely to take in respect of the contravention and the cost to the Corporation in taking that action, and is satisfied that it is nevertheless appropriate to take action under this section.\n> \n> > (8) The Tribunal is required to consider the seriousness of the contravention concerned in determining to impose a monetary penalty under this section.\n> \n> > (9) The Tribunal must not take action under this section unless—\n> > \n> > > (a) notice of the proposed action has been given to the Corporation, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the Corporation has been given a reasonable opportunity to make submissions with respect to the proposed action, and\n> > \n> > > (c) the Tribunal has given due consideration to any such submissions.\n> \n> > (10) The Tribunal must not take action under this section in respect of a contravention if any action has already been taken under section 17 in respect of the contravention.\n> \n> > (11) Nothing in this section affects any powers under section 17 in respect of a contravention, whether or not the Tribunal has already taken action under this section in respect of the contravention.\n> \n> > (12) A penalty imposed under this section may be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction as if it were a debt due to the Crown.\n> \n> **s 17A:** Ins 2000 No 60, Sch 1.4 \\[2\\] (am 2000 No 93, Sch 2.23 \\[5\\]–\\[7\\]).","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"17B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Administrative review of certain decisions of Tribunal concerning operating licence","content":"#### 17B Administrative review of certain decisions of Tribunal concerning operating licence\n\n17B Administrative review of certain decisions of Tribunal concerning operating licence\n\n> > (1) The Corporation, if aggrieved by a decision of the Tribunal to take action under section 17A in relation to the Corporation, may apply to the Civil and Administrative Tribunal for an administrative review under the [Administrative Decisions Review Act 1997](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1997-076) of the decision.\n> \n> > (2) Section 53 (Internal reviews) of the [Administrative Decisions Review Act 1997](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1997-076) does not apply to such a decision of the Tribunal.\n> \n> **s 17B:** Ins 2000 No 60, Sch 1.4 \\[2\\]. Am 2013 No 95, Sch 2.81 \\[1\\] \\[2\\].","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Cancellation of operating licence","content":"#### 18 Cancellation of operating licence\n\n18 Cancellation of operating licence\n\n> > (1) The operating licence may be cancelled by the Governor, but only if—\n> > \n> > > (a) the Corporation ceases, other than as authorised by the operating licence, to do the things referred to in section 13 (1) or any of them in the area of operations for any reason, or\n> > \n> > > (b) the Corporation is, in the opinion of the Minister, in material default in compliance with the operating licence, viewed in terms of the operation of the operating licence as a whole, or\n> > \n> > > (c) the Corporation is insolvent within the meaning of the [Corporations Act 2001](http://www.legislation.gov.au/) of the Commonwealth or has been convicted of a criminal offence that is punishable by a fine of at least $1,000 or, if the Corporation were a natural person, imprisonment for 12 months or more.\n> \n> > (2) If the operating licence is cancelled under this section, the Governor may, by order published in the Gazette, vest in the Crown or in another person specified in the order, from the date specified in the order, the assets and rights of the Corporation that are specified in the order and that, in the opinion of the Minister, are necessary to enable the Crown or other person to do immediately the things referred to in section 13 (1), or any of them, for the benefit of existing customers of the Corporation.\n> \n> > (3) An order under this section may provide for—\n> > \n> > > (a) the Crown or other person specified in the order to assume those liabilities of the Corporation that the Governor considers appropriate and specifies in the order, or\n> > \n> > > (b) the Crown to pay the whole or any part of the liabilities of the Corporation.\n> \n> **s 18:** Am 1999 No 94, Sch 4.116; 2001 No 34, Sch 4.23 \\[2\\].","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1A","sectionType":"division","heading":"Regulatory functions of Tribunal","content":"## Division 1A Regulatory functions of Tribunal\n\nDivision 1A Regulatory functions of Tribunal\n\n**pt 5, div 1A:** Ins 2000 No 60, Sch 1.4 \\[3\\].","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"18A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulatory functions of Tribunal","content":"#### 18A Regulatory functions of Tribunal\n\n18A Regulatory functions of Tribunal\n\n> > (1) The regulatory functions of the Tribunal under this Act are—\n> > \n> > > (a) the function of making recommendations under subsection (2), and\n> > \n> > > (b) the function of monitoring and reporting under subsection (3), and\n> > \n> > > (c) the function of imposing monetary penalties, or requiring other action to be taken, under section 17A, and\n> > \n> > > (d) the licence auditing functions of the Tribunal under section 18B, and\n> > \n> > > (e) such other functions of the Tribunal under this Act as are specified by the regulations for the purposes of this section.\n> \n> > (2) The Tribunal has the function of making recommendations to the Minister for or with respect to—\n> > \n> > > (a) the granting, amendment or cancellation of the operating licence, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the imposition, amendment or cancellation of conditions in relation to the operating licence, and\n> > \n> > > (c) action to be taken, and sanctions to be applied, in respect of a contravention of the operating licence, and\n> > \n> > > (d) remedial action that may be warranted as a result of a contravention of the operating licence.\n> \n> > (3) The Tribunal has the function of monitoring and reporting to the Minister on compliance by the Corporation with the operating licence.\n> \n> > (4) Part 4B of the [Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal Act 1992](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1992-039) applies in relation to the Tribunal’s regulatory functions under this Act.\n> \n> **pt 5, div 1B (ss 18A–18D):** Ins 2000 No 60, Sch 1.4 \\[3\\].","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"Division 1B","sectionType":"division","heading":"Licence auditing functions of Tribunal","content":"## Division 1B Licence auditing functions of Tribunal\n\nDivision 1B Licence auditing functions of Tribunal\n\n**pt 5, div 1B (ss 18A–18D):** Ins 2000 No 60, Sch 1.4 \\[3\\].","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"18B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Licence auditing functions of Tribunal","content":"#### 18B Licence auditing functions of Tribunal\n\n18B Licence auditing functions of Tribunal\n\n> The Tribunal has such functions as may be conferred or imposed on it by the operating licence in connection with operational audits of the Corporation.\n> \n> **pt 5, div 1B (ss 18A–18D):** Ins 2000 No 60, Sch 1.4 \\[3\\].","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"18C","sectionType":"section","heading":"Operational audits","content":"#### 18C Operational audits\n\n18C Operational audits\n\n> The Tribunal is required to ensure that the operational audit of the Corporation is prepared in accordance with the operating licence.\n> \n> **pt 5, div 1B (ss 18A–18D):** Ins 2000 No 60, Sch 1.4 \\[3\\].","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"18D","sectionType":"section","heading":"Cost of audit","content":"#### 18D Cost of audit\n\n18D Cost of audit\n\n> > (1) The Corporation is required to pay to the Treasurer the cost (as certified by the Tribunal) involved in and in connection with carrying out the operational audit of the Corporation.\n> \n> > (2) Without limitation, the operating licence may include terms and conditions relating to the determination of the cost of carrying out the operational audit.\n> \n> **pt 5, div 1B (ss 18A–18D):** Ins 2000 No 60, Sch 1.4 \\[3\\].","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"Division 2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Provisions relating to works","content":"## Division 2 Provisions relating to works\n\nDivision 2 Provisions relating to works","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Ownership of works","content":"#### 19 Ownership of works\n\n19 Ownership of works\n\n> > (1) The Corporation is the owner of all works installed in or on land by the Corporation and of all works in or on land vested in or transferred to the Corporation (whether or not the land is owned by the Corporation).\n> \n> > (1A) Without limiting subsection (1), the Corporation is the owner of all works on land that is—\n> > \n> > > (a) within a special area, and\n> > \n> > > (b) reserved under the [National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1974-080) or vested in Her Majesty or the Minister administering Part 11 of that Act.\n> \n> > (2) The Corporation may, subject to this Act, operate, repair, replace, maintain, remove, extend, expand, connect, disconnect, improve or do any other things that are necessary or appropriate to any of its works to ensure that, in the opinion of the Corporation, the works are used in an efficient manner for the purposes for which they were installed.\n> \n> > (3) The Corporation may sell or otherwise deal with works that it owns.\n> \n> > (4) The provisions of this section have effect despite anything contained in section 42 of the [Real Property Act 1900](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1900-025).\n> \n> **s 19:** Am 2006 No 90, Sch 9; 2009 No 17, Sch 3.10 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Entry on to land","content":"#### 20 Entry on to land\n\n20 Entry on to land\n\n> The Corporation may, by authorised persons, enter land in accordance with this Division for any one or more of the following purposes—\n> \n> > (a) to operate, repair, replace, maintain, remove, extend, expand, connect, disconnect, improve or do any other things that the Corporation considers are necessary or appropriate to any of its works or to construct new works and, for these purposes, to carry out any work on, below or above the surface of the land,\n> \n> > (b) to read a meter that measures water supplied by the Corporation or water discharged into the Corporation’s sewers,\n> \n> > (c) to find the source of pollution of water supplied by the Corporation,\n> \n> > (d) to ascertain whether a customer contract or other contract for the provision of services by the Corporation is being breached in relation to the connection to or use of works,\n> \n> > (e) to rectify defective or improper work that has not been rectified by a customer in accordance with a notice served by the Corporation on the customer under a customer contract or other contract,\n> \n> > (f) to ascertain the character and condition of the land or a building to enable the Corporation to operate, repair, replace, maintain, remove, extend, expand, connect, disconnect or improve the systems and services referred to in section 13 (1) or to construct new works for the purposes of that subsection or section 12 (1),\n> \n> > (g) to ascertain the condition and location of any pipe, sewer, drain, channel or fitting or other work used in connection with the land or a building to enable the Corporation to operate, repair, replace, maintain, remove, extend, expand, connect, disconnect or improve the systems and services referred to in section 13 (1) or to construct new works for the purposes of that subsection or section 12 (1).","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Exercise of powers of entry","content":"#### 21 Exercise of powers of entry\n\n21 Exercise of powers of entry\n\n> > (1) Before an authorised person enters any land or building under a power conferred by this Division, the Corporation or an authorised person must serve on the owner or occupier of the land or building notice in writing of the intention to enter the land or building on a day specified in the notice unless—\n> > \n> > > (a) entry to any land or building is made with the consent of the owner or occupier of the land or building, or\n> > \n> > > (b) entry is required urgently and the case is one in which the board of the Corporation has authorised in writing (either generally or in the particular case) entry without notice, or\n> > \n> > > (c) entry is made solely for the purpose of reading a meter that measures water supplied by the Corporation or water discharged into the Corporation’s sewers if the meter is not in a dwelling-house or building, or\n> > \n> > > (d) the giving of notice would defeat the purpose for which the power is to be exercised.\n> \n> > (2) A power conferred by this Division to enter any land or building may not be exercised unless the person proposing to exercise the power—\n> > \n> > > (a) is in possession of a certificate of authority issued by an officer of the Corporation who has been authorised by the board of the Corporation to issue such certificates, and\n> > \n> > > (b) exercises the power at a reasonable time during daylight, unless this would defeat the purpose for which the power is to be exercised or the power is exercised in an emergency, and\n> > \n> > > (c) produces the certificate of authority if required to do so by the occupier of the land, and\n> > \n> > > (d) uses no more force than is reasonably necessary to effect the entry.\n> \n> > (3) Nothing in this section authorises the use of force to enter a dwelling-house or any enclosed part of a building occupied as a dwelling or authorises the entry of such premises at night without the consent of the owner or occupier of the premises.\n> \n> > (4) A certificate of authority must—\n> > \n> > > (a) state that it is issued under this Act, and\n> > \n> > > (b) give the name of the person to whom it is issued, and\n> > \n> > > (c) describe the nature of the powers conferred and the source of the powers, and\n> > \n> > > (d) state the date (if any) on which it expires, and\n> > \n> > > (e) if issued to an officer of the Corporation, describe the general area or the land to which the power extends or, if issued to an authorised person who is not an employee of the Corporation, describe the land to which the power extends, and\n> > \n> > > (f) bear the signature of the person by whom it is issued and state the capacity in which the person is acting in issuing the certificate.\n> \n> > (5) The Minister may, if the Minister thinks fit, by order published in the Gazette, attach conditions or restrictions to certificates of authority issued under this Act, either generally or in particular cases, including restrictions on the purposes for which and the circumstances in which a power of entry may be exercised.\n> \n> **s 21:** Am 2016 No 55, Sch 3.16.","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"22","sectionType":"section","heading":"Compensation","content":"#### 22 Compensation\n\n22 Compensation\n\n> > (1) The Corporation, in exercising its functions under this Division, is to do as little damage as practicable and is, subject to this Division, to compensate all persons who suffer damage by the exercise of the functions.\n> \n> > (2) Compensation may be made by reinstatement, repair, construction of works or payment.\n> \n> > (3) If the Corporation installs a sewer on land in exercise of powers under this Division, the Corporation is required to pay compensation only if the sewer damages, or interferes with, a building or other structure on the land or if a manhole or main ventilator is constructed on the land.","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Power to open roads","content":"#### 23 Power to open roads\n\n23 Power to open roads\n\n> > (1) The Corporation may, for the purpose of complying with the operating licence and after giving reasonable notice to persons likely to be affected, open and break up—\n> > \n> > > (a) the soil and pavement of a public road or public reserve, and\n> > \n> > > (b) any sewer, drain or tunnel in or under or any ground under a public road or public reserve.\n> \n> > (2) The person having the control and management of a public road or public reserve may, as prescribed by the regulations, require the Corporation to comply with conditions in exercising its powers under this section, including conditions for restoration of the surface and removal of rubbish.\n> \n> > (3) If a public road or public reserve is damaged by a leakage from, or a bursting of, a main of the Corporation, the person having the control and management of the public road or public reserve may require the Corporation to make good the damage without delay.\n> \n> > (4) If the Corporation fails to comply with a condition in force under subsection (2) or a requirement under subsection (3), the person affected by the failure may remedy it and recover the cost of doing so as a debt owed to the person by the Corporation.","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Altering position of conduit","content":"#### 24 Altering position of conduit\n\n24 Altering position of conduit\n\n> > (1) The Corporation may serve a written notice on a person if—\n> > \n> > > (a) the Corporation, in order to comply with the operating licence, needs an alteration to be made in the position of a conduit owned by the person, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the alteration would not permanently damage the conduit or adversely affect its operation.\n> \n> > (2) The notice must—\n> > \n> > > (a) specify the alteration needed, and\n> > \n> > > (b) require the alteration to be made within a reasonable time stated in the notice, and\n> > \n> > > (c) include an undertaking by the Corporation to pay the reasonable cost of the alteration.\n> \n> > (3) If the alteration is not made as required by the notice, the Corporation may make the alteration in a manner that does not damage the conduit permanently or adversely affect its operation on completion of the alteration.\n> \n> > (4) In this section, conduit means anything that is in or under a public road and is used for the conveyance of a substance, energy or signals.","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interference with works","content":"#### 25 Interference with works\n\n25 Interference with works\n\n> > (1) Land in or on which a work of the Corporation is installed is taken to be the subject of an agreement in the nature of a covenant in favour of the Corporation pursuant to which the owner from time to time of land in or on which the work is installed must ensure that—\n> > \n> > > (a) the work or any structure owned by, or under the control or management of, the Corporation is not wilfully or negligently destroyed, damaged or interfered with, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the Corporation and authorised persons are not delayed or obstructed in and about the taking, in relation to the work, of any of the steps referred to in section 19 (2), and\n> > \n> > > (c) no structure is placed in, on or near the work in a manner that interferes with the operation of the work, and\n> > \n> > > (d) ground is not opened to expose any pipe or other work of the Corporation without reasonable excuse, or the consent of the Corporation, and without giving the Corporation at least 2 days’ written notice of intention to open the ground unless that requirement is waived by the Corporation.\n> \n> > (2) A lease, including a residential tenancy agreement within the meaning of the [Residential Tenancies Act 2010](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2010-042), is taken to include a term requiring the lessee of land referred to in subsection (1) or any part of it to comply with the same obligations, in relation to land, as are imposed by that subsection on the owner who has leased the land to the lessee.\n> \n> > (3) An agreement to which subsection (1) relates is enforceable as if it were a covenant.\n> \n> > (4) It is a defence to proceedings by the Corporation under this section that the owner or, in a case to which subsection (2) applies, the lessee, did not know of, or could not reasonably have prevented, action taken by any person that would, if known to or capable of prevention by the owner or lessee, have resulted in a breach of this section by the owner or lessee.\n> \n> > (5) A person who, on land in, on or near which any work owned by the Corporation is installed, places a structure in, on or near the work in a manner that interferes with the operation of the work, must, on receiving a written notice from the Corporation requiring the removal of the structure within a period specified in the notice, remove the structure and compensate the Corporation for all loss or damage suffered by the Corporation as a result of the placement of the structure in, on or near the work.\n> \n> > (6) If a person fails to comply with a notice under subsection (5) within the period specified in the notice or within any extension of that period allowed by the Corporation in writing, the Corporation may remove the structure and recover from the person the cost of the removal together with compensation for all loss or damage referred to in that subsection.\n> \n> > (7) The provisions of this section have effect despite anything contained in section 42 of the [Real Property Act 1900](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1900-025).\n> \n> **s 25:** Am 2009 No 17, Sch 3.10 \\[2\\]; 2010 No 42, Sch 3.6.","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"26","sectionType":"section","heading":"Compensation to Corporation for damage","content":"#### 26 Compensation to Corporation for damage\n\n26 Compensation to Corporation for damage\n\n> > (1) Without limiting section 25, a person who, without the consent of the Corporation, carries out any activity that causes destruction of, damage to or interference with any work owned by the Corporation in circumstances in which the person should have known that the destruction, damage or interference would result from the carrying out of the activity, is liable to compensate the Corporation for all loss or damage suffered by the Corporation as a result.\n> \n> > (2) The Corporation is not entitled to compensation both under this section and another provision of this Act for the same destruction, damage or interference.\n> \n> > (3) In this section, person extends to any person—\n> > \n> > > (a) who caused the carrying out of the activity, or\n> > \n> > > (b) by whose order or direction the activity was carried out, or\n> > \n> > > (c) who aided, assisted, counselled or procured the carrying out of the activity.\n> \n> > (4) The Corporation may proceed against a person for recovery of its loss or compensation for its damage under this section whether or not the Corporation has proceeded against the person principally responsible for the loss or damage or any other person involved in the carrying out of the activity that caused the loss or damage.","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Interference with works by trees","content":"#### 27 Interference with works by trees\n\n27 Interference with works by trees\n\n> > (1) If the Corporation has reasonable cause to believe that a tree is destroying, damaging or interfering with a work of the Corporation, the Corporation may, by written notice, require the owner of the land on which the tree is situated within a reasonable period specified in the notice to remove the tree, including all roots of the tree that are or may be destroying, damaging or interfering with the work.\n> \n> > (2) The Corporation must reimburse the owner for the reasonable expenses of any action taken by the owner under this section unless the Corporation establishes that—\n> > \n> > > (a) after the work was first laid or installed, an owner or occupier planted the tree, or caused or permitted the tree to be planted, in, on or near the work in circumstances in which the owner or occupier should have known that destruction of, damage to or interference with the work would result, or\n> > \n> > > (b) the work of the Corporation is located, within the land on which the tree has been planted, in land that is the subject of an easement in favour of the Corporation or an easement for water supply, sewerage or drainage purposes.\n> \n> > (3) An owner given notice under this section may, with the consent of the Corporation and without destroying, damaging or interfering with the Corporation’s works, take steps, other than removal of the tree, to eliminate the cause of the destruction of, damage to or interference with the Corporation’s works and any reasonable expectation of the destruction, damage or interference occurring in the future.\n> \n> > (4) No compensation is payable by the Corporation to a person for the expenses of taking steps under subsection (3).\n> \n> > (5) If, in circumstances other than those referred to in subsection (3), an owner fails to comply with a notice under this section within the period specified in the notice or within any extension of that period allowed by the Corporation in writing, the Corporation may remove the tree at its own expense.\n> \n> > (6) This section applies despite the existence of a tree preservation order or environmental planning instrument but does not apply to any tree that is the subject of or is within an area that is the subject of—\n> > \n> > > (a) to which an interim heritage order or listing on the State Heritage Register under the [Heritage Act 1977](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1977-136) applies or to which an order under section 136 of that Act applies, or\n> > \n> > > (b) an interim protection order under the [National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1974-080), or\n> > \n> > > (c) a protection conferred by any similar law.\n> \n> > (7) Nothing done by an owner of land in compliance with a notice under this section or by the Corporation under subsection (5) constitutes an offence against any law under which a tree preservation order or environmental planning instrument relating to the land is made.\n> \n> > (8) In this section, tree includes shrub or other plant.\n> \n> **s 27:** Am 1998 No 138, Sch 2.3.","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Corporation not liable to pay annual charge on pipes etc","content":"#### 28 Corporation not liable to pay annual charge on pipes etc\n\n28 Corporation not liable to pay annual charge on pipes etc\n\n> Section 611 of the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030) does not apply to the Corporation.\n> \n> **s 28:** Am 1993 No 32, Sch 2.","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"Division 3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Compulsory acquisition of land","content":"## Division 3 Compulsory acquisition of land\n\nDivision 3 Compulsory acquisition of land","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"29","sectionType":"section","heading":"Acquisition of land for purposes of this Act","content":"#### 29 Acquisition of land for purposes of this Act\n\n29 Acquisition of land for purposes of this Act\n\n> > (1) The Corporation may acquire land (including an interest in land) for the purposes of this Act.\n> \n> > (2) Land that the Corporation is authorised to acquire under this section may be acquired by agreement or by compulsory process in accordance with the [Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1991-022).\n> \n> > (3) The Corporation may not give a proposed acquisition notice under the [Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1991-022) without the approval of the Minister.\n> \n> **s 29:** Subst 1994 No 45, Sch 1.","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"Division 4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Offences","content":"## Division 4 Offences\n\nDivision 4 Offences","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Illegal diversion of water","content":"#### 30 Illegal diversion of water\n\n30 Illegal diversion of water\n\n> > (1) A person must not—\n> > \n> > > (a) wrongfully take, use or divert any water from which the Corporation draws its supply or that is available for supply by the Corporation or that is in any pipe or work used for supply by the Corporation, or\n> > \n> > > (b) wrongfully alter the index of a meter or prevent a meter from duly registering the quantity of water supplied by the Corporation.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—100 penalty units (or 200 penalty units in the case of a corporation).\n> \n> > (2) It is to be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that any wrongful taking or diversion of water to, or any wrongful use of water on, any land was at the direction, or with the connivance, of the owner or, if the land is occupied by a person other than the owner, of the occupier of the land.\n> \n> > (3) If, in connection with the pipes or other apparatus of the Corporation used to supply water to any land, there exists any artificial means for—\n> > \n> > > (a) taking, using or diverting the water, or\n> > \n> > > (b) altering the index of a meter or preventing it from duly registering the quantity of water supplied,\n> > \n> > it is to be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that the taking, use, diversion, alteration or prevention was wrongfully effected or caused by the owner or, if the land is occupied by a person other than the owner, by the occupier of the land.","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"30A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Unauthorised connections, alterations or use of works","content":"#### 30A Unauthorised connections, alterations or use of works\n\n30A Unauthorised connections, alterations or use of works\n\n> > (1) A person must not do any of the following unless authorised to do so by the Corporation—\n> > \n> > > (a) connect any pipe or fitting to a work owned by the Corporation,\n> > \n> > > (b) alter or use a work owned by the Corporation.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—100 penalty units (or 200 penalty units in the case of a corporation).\n> \n> > (2) The regulations may make further provision for the grant of authorisation by the Corporation.\n> \n> **s 30A:** Ins 2011 No 59, Sch 2.3 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"31","sectionType":"section","heading":"Offence to discharge into works","content":"#### 31 Offence to discharge into works\n\n31 Offence to discharge into works\n\n> > (1) A person must not discharge any substance into a work owned by the Corporation except with the written agreement of the Corporation.\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—100 penalty units (or 200 penalty units in the case of a corporation).\n> \n> > (2) This section does not apply to the use of a work by a person in accordance with a customer contract or other contract between the Corporation and a customer.","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"31A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Penalty notices","content":"#### 31A Penalty notices\n\n31A Penalty notices\n\n> > (1) An authorised officer may issue a penalty notice to a person if it appears to the officer that the person has committed a penalty notice offence.\n> \n> > (2) A penalty notice offence is an offence against this Act or the regulations that is prescribed by the regulations as a penalty notice offence.\n> \n> > (3) The [Fines Act 1996](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1996-099) applies to a penalty notice issued under this section.\n> > \n> > Note.\n> > \n> > The [Fines Act 1996](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1996-099) provides that, if a person issued with a penalty notice does not wish to have the matter determined by a court, the person may pay the amount specified in the notice and is not liable to any further proceedings for the alleged offence.\n> \n> > (4) The amount payable under a penalty notice issued under this section is the amount prescribed for the alleged offence by the regulations (not exceeding the maximum amount of penalty that could be imposed for the offence by a court).\n> \n> > (5) This section does not limit the operation of any other provision of, or made under, this or any other Act relating to proceedings that may be taken in respect of offences.\n> \n> > (6) In this section, authorised officer means a person of a class prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this section.\n> \n> **s 31A:** Ins 2007 No 82, Sch 1.14 \\[1\\]. Subst 2017 No 22, Sch 3.35.","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"32","sectionType":"section","heading":"Payment of penalty does not affect other proceedings","content":"#### 32 Payment of penalty does not affect other proceedings\n\n32 Payment of penalty does not affect other proceedings\n\n> > (1) Prosecution or conviction of a person for an act or omission that is an offence against this Act does not affect any right of the Corporation to take civil proceedings or any other action to recover from the person—\n> > \n> > > (a) an amount in respect of loss or damage caused by the act or omission, or\n> > \n> > > (b) the expenses incurred by the Corporation in remedying the loss or damage, or\n> > \n> > > (c) the value of water lost to the Corporation because of the act or omission.\n> \n> > (2) Payment of a penalty for an offence against this Act does not affect any right of the Corporation to institute any other action or proceeding.","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"33","sectionType":"section","heading":"Persons causing offences","content":"#### 33 Persons causing offences\n\n33 Persons causing offences\n\n> > (1) A person—\n> > \n> > > (a) who causes the commission of an offence against this Act, or\n> > \n> > > (b) by whose order or direction an offence against this Act is committed, or\n> > \n> > > (c) who aids, abets, counsels or procures the commission of an offence against this Act,\n> > \n> > is guilty of an offence against this Act and liable to a penalty in the same way as the principal offender.\n> \n> > (2) A person may be proceeded against for an offence under subsection (1) whether or not the principal offender has been prosecuted or convicted.","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"34","sectionType":"section","heading":"Disposal of proceedings for offence","content":"#### 34 Disposal of proceedings for offence\n\n34 Disposal of proceedings for offence\n\n> > (1) Proceedings for an offence against this Act or the regulations are to be disposed of summarily before—\n> > \n> > > (a) the Local Court, or\n> > \n> > > (b) the Supreme Court in its summary jurisdiction.\n> \n> > (2) The maximum monetary penalty that may be imposed by the Local Court in proceedings for an offence against this Act is 50 penalty units or the maximum monetary penalty for the offence, whichever is the lesser.\n> \n> > (3) Proceedings in the Supreme Court in its summary jurisdiction or in the Local Court in relation to an offence against this Act may be commenced not later than 12 months after the commission of the offence.\n> \n> **s 34:** Am 1999 No 85, Sch 2.29; 2007 No 94, Schs 2, 4.","sortOrder":55},{"sectionNumber":"Division 5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Customer contracts","content":"## Division 5 Customer contracts\n\nDivision 5 Customer contracts","sortOrder":56},{"sectionNumber":"35","sectionType":"section","heading":"Publication of terms and conditions of customer contracts","content":"#### 35 Publication of terms and conditions of customer contracts\n\n35 Publication of terms and conditions of customer contracts\n\n> > (1) The terms and conditions of a customer contract are to be set out in the operating licence.\n> \n> > (2) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (3) The terms and conditions must include particulars of the contract charges or of the manner in which the contract charges are to be calculated or determined in relation to the provision of water supply or sewerage services to customers by the Corporation.\n> \n> > (4) (Repealed)\n> \n> **s 35:** Am 2003 No 40, Sch 1.20 \\[1\\]–\\[3\\].","sortOrder":57},{"sectionNumber":"36","sectionType":"section","heading":"Owner of land taken to have entered into customer contract","content":"#### 36 Owner of land taken to have entered into customer contract\n\n36 Owner of land taken to have entered into customer contract\n\n> > (1) An owner of land that is connected to a water main or sewer main owned by the Corporation is taken to have entered into a customer contract with the Corporation, on terms and conditions published under section 35 as varied from time to time in accordance with section 38, for the provision of water supply or sewerage services, or either of them, to the land.\n> \n> > (2) A customer contract is not unconscionable, harsh or oppressive for the purposes of any law.\n> \n> > (3) A customer contract does not operate so as to impose obligations on the Corporation or any owner of land in respect of the supply of water, or the provision of a sewerage service, during the term of any contract in that regard entered into between the owner of the land and a registered operator or registered retailer within the meaning of the [Water Industry Competition Act 2006](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2006-104).\n> \n> > (4) (Repealed)\n> \n> **s 36:** Am 2006 No 104, Sch 3.4; 2021 No 26, Sch 2.5\\[1\\] \\[2\\].","sortOrder":58},{"sectionNumber":"37","sectionType":"section","heading":"Division not to apply to certain contracts","content":"#### 37 Division not to apply to certain contracts\n\n37 Division not to apply to certain contracts\n\n> This Division does not apply to the extent that the terms and conditions of a contract for the provision of water supply or sewerage services, or either of them, have been specifically agreed to by the Corporation and a customer.","sortOrder":59},{"sectionNumber":"38","sectionType":"section","heading":"Terms and conditions of customer contracts may be varied on 6 months’ notice","content":"#### 38 Terms and conditions of customer contracts may be varied on 6 months’ notice\n\n38 Terms and conditions of customer contracts may be varied on 6 months’ notice\n\n> > (1) The terms and conditions of a customer contract may, subject to the approval of the Governor, be varied by the Corporation publishing, in the Gazette or on the NSW legislation website, an order setting out or summarising the variation.\n> \n> > (1A) Notice of the making of an order under this section must be published, at least 6 months before the variation becomes effective or within a shorter period approved by the Minister, in a manner that the Corporation is satisfied is likely to bring the notice to the attention of members of the public in the area of operations.\n> \n> > (2) A copy of an order published under this section is to be given to the customer by the Corporation with the next account for service charges issued after the date of publication of the order. Failure to comply with this requirement does not affect the validity of the variation or any contract charge made in accordance with the variation.\n> \n> > (3) A statement in an order published under this section that the Governor has approved of the variation of the terms and conditions set out or summarised in the order is prima facie evidence that the Governor has approved of the variation of the terms and conditions unless the contrary is proved.\n> \n> > (4) Subsections (1)–(3) do not apply to the variation of the terms and conditions of a customer contract to the extent that the variation relates to alteration of the level of fees or charges and the alteration is in accordance with a determination of the Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal.\n> \n> > (5) Following variation of a customer contract, copies of the contract and explanatory material concerning the contract are to be made available to the public in such manner as the operating licence may provide.\n> \n> **s 38:** Am 2003 No 40, Sch 1.20 \\[4\\]–\\[6\\]; 2018 No 25, Sch 2.15 \\[1\\]–\\[6\\].","sortOrder":60},{"sectionNumber":"Division 6","sectionType":"division","heading":"Contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies and rates","content":"## Division 6 Contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies and rates\n\nDivision 6 Contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies and rates","sortOrder":61},{"sectionNumber":"39","sectionType":"section","heading":"Operating licence may specify basis for fixing contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies and rates","content":"#### 39 Operating licence may specify basis for fixing contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies and rates\n\n39 Operating licence may specify basis for fixing contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies and rates\n\n> > (1) The operating licence may provide that the Corporation must in fixing—\n> > \n> > > (a) contract charges under customer contracts, and\n> > \n> > > (b) availability charges under section 43, and\n> > \n> > > (c) environmental levies under section 45, and\n> > \n> > > (d) rates under section 46,\n> > \n> > do so on a basis that is consistent with the system employed by the Hunter Water Board for fixing service charges immediately before the transfer of the business undertaking or on some other basis stipulated in the operating licence.\n> \n> > (2) Unless the operating licence otherwise provides, nothing in this section affects the power of the Corporation to fix charges, levies and rates for the purposes referred to in subsection (1) or to impose fees or charges for any service or thing supplied or provided by the Corporation in furnishing the services referred to in section 12 (1).","sortOrder":62},{"sectionNumber":"40","sectionType":"section","heading":"Successor in title liable for unpaid contract charges","content":"#### 40 Successor in title liable for unpaid contract charges\n\n40 Successor in title liable for unpaid contract charges\n\n> On a change in the ownership of land situated in the area of operations, the new owner of the land is liable to the Corporation for the amount of any contract charges unpaid in relation to the land as if the new owner had entered into the customer contract with the Corporation for the supply of the service or services to which the unpaid contract charges relate.","sortOrder":63},{"sectionNumber":"41","sectionType":"section","heading":"Occupier may pay, and recover, charges etc in certain cases","content":"#### 41 Occupier may pay, and recover, charges etc in certain cases\n\n41 Occupier may pay, and recover, charges etc in certain cases\n\n> > (1) In this section—\n> > \n> > lease means a lease, licence, permit or other agreement under which an occupier is in possession of land.\n> > \n> > occupier means a person who is in possession of land under a lease.\n> > \n> > owner means a person who parts with possession of land to an occupier under a lease.\n> \n> > (2) If a lease of land in the area of operations provides, expressly or impliedly, that the owner of the land is to pay the contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies or rates payable in relation to the land, the occupier may pay to the Corporation any charges, levies or rates that are due but unpaid by the owner and may—\n> > \n> > > (a) recover the amount paid from the owner as a debt due to the occupier, or\n> > \n> > > (b) deduct the amount paid from any rent, licence fee or other occupation fee payable by the occupier to the owner.","sortOrder":64},{"sectionNumber":"42","sectionType":"section","heading":"Certain contract and service charges of Corporation not charge on land","content":"#### 42 Certain contract and service charges of Corporation not charge on land\n\n42 Certain contract and service charges of Corporation not charge on land\n\n> > (1) On and after the transfer under Part 3 of the business undertaking of the Hunter Water Board to the Corporation, no contract charges levied by the Corporation in relation to the provision of water supply or sewerage services to customers by the Corporation are to be levied as a statutory charge or rate or are to be a charge on the land to which the contract charges relate.\n> \n> > (2) No service charges or fees levied by the Hunter Water Board in relation to water supply or sewerage services after the end of the last charging period before the transfer of the business undertaking are a charge on the land to which the service charges or fees relate.\n> \n> > (3) In this section, charging period, in relation to the Hunter Water Board, means a period declared by an order in force under section 28 (2) of the [Hunter Water Board Act 1988](/view/pdf/asmade/act-1988-119) (as in force immediately before the commencement of section 8) to be a charging period for the Board.","sortOrder":65},{"sectionNumber":"43","sectionType":"section","heading":"Availability charges charge on land to which main available for connection","content":"#### 43 Availability charges charge on land to which main available for connection\n\n43 Availability charges charge on land to which main available for connection\n\n> > (1) The Corporation may and, if so required by the operating licence must, require the owner of land that is not connected to a water main or sewer main owned by the Corporation but to which a main is available for connection to pay an availability charge in relation to the land.\n> \n> > (2) An availability charge imposed under this section may be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction as if it were a debt due to the Corporation.\n> \n> > (3) Despite section 42, an availability charge imposed under this section is a charge on the land to which the availability charge relates.\n> \n> > (4) This section has effect until 30 June 1995.","sortOrder":66},{"sectionNumber":"44","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transitional provisions: survival of unpaid amounts and amounts charged on land at transfer of business undertaking","content":"#### 44 Transitional provisions: survival of unpaid amounts and amounts charged on land at transfer of business undertaking\n\n44 Transitional provisions: survival of unpaid amounts and amounts charged on land at transfer of business undertaking\n\n> > (1) Any amount that was due but unpaid to the Hunter Water Board immediately before the transfer of the business undertaking including any amount that was charged on the land to which the amount relates immediately before that transfer survives and is included in the transfer of the business undertaking to the Corporation.\n> \n> > (2) Subject to section 42, any amount that was due but unpaid to the Hunter Water Board immediately before the transfer of the business undertaking and was charged on the land to which the amount relates immediately before that transfer remains a charge on the land until the amount is paid.","sortOrder":67},{"sectionNumber":"45","sectionType":"section","heading":"Environmental levy charge on unserviced land","content":"#### 45 Environmental levy charge on unserviced land\n\n45 Environmental levy charge on unserviced land\n\n> > (1) The Corporation may, with the consent of the Minister, and, if so required by the operating licence must, require the owner of land that is not connected to a water main or sewer main (including land to which a main is not available for connection) but to which the Corporation proposes to make a sewer main available, to pay an environmental levy in relation to the land.\n> \n> > (2) An environmental levy imposed under this section may be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction as if it were a debt due to the Corporation.\n> \n> > (3) Despite section 42, an environmental levy imposed under this section is a charge on the land to which the levy relates.","sortOrder":68},{"sectionNumber":"46","sectionType":"section","heading":"Rates on land within declared drainage areas charge on land","content":"#### 46 Rates on land within declared drainage areas charge on land\n\n46 Rates on land within declared drainage areas charge on land\n\n> > (1) In this section, drainage area means an area of land declared by an order of the Governor to be a drainage area for the purposes of this section.\n> \n> > (2) An order in force under section 28 (3) of the [Hunter Water Board Act 1988](/view/pdf/asmade/act-1988-119) (as in force immediately before the commencement of section 8) declaring an area of land to be a drainage area is taken to be an order for the purposes of this section.\n> \n> > (3) The Corporation may and, if so required by the operating licence must, make and levy rates on the owners of land within a drainage area located in the area of operations.\n> \n> > (4) A rate levied under this section may be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction as if it were a debt due to the Corporation.\n> \n> > (5) Despite section 42, a rate levied under this section is a charge on the land to which the rate relates.\n> \n> > (6) The provisions of this section have effect despite anything contained in section 42 of the [Real Property Act 1900](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1900-025).\n> \n> **s 46:** Am 2009 No 17, Sch 3.10 \\[3\\].","sortOrder":69},{"sectionNumber":"47","sectionType":"section","heading":"Certificate as to amounts due","content":"#### 47 Certificate as to amounts due\n\n47 Certificate as to amounts due\n\n> > (1) The Corporation must, on written application being made to it, and on payment of the fee determined by the Corporation, issue to the applicant a certificate—\n> > \n> > > (a) containing particulars of any amounts payable to the Corporation in respect of a parcel of separately assessed land with those particulars distinguishing between any amounts charged on the land and any amounts that are not so charged, or\n> > \n> > > (b) to the effect that there are no such amounts.\n> \n> > (2) Regulations may be made for or with respect to—\n> > \n> > > (a) authorising the Corporation to make arrangements with another person for access by the other person to the information on which the Corporation would base a certificate under subsection (1), and\n> > \n> > > (b) the preparation, authentication and issue by or on behalf of the person of such a certificate, and\n> > \n> > > (c) the fees to be paid by the person to the Corporation.\n> \n> > (3) A certificate authenticated and issued in accordance with regulations is taken to be a certificate applied for under subsection (1) and issued by the Corporation.\n> \n> > (4) An application for a certificate must—\n> > \n> > > (a) specify the name and address of the applicant, and\n> > \n> > > (b) identify the land to which the application relates.\n> \n> > (5) A certificate is conclusive proof, in favour of a purchaser in good faith and for value of the land to which the certificate relates, that, at the date of its issue, no amounts were payable to the Corporation in respect of that land other than the amounts specified in the certificate.","sortOrder":70},{"sectionNumber":"Division 7","sectionType":"division","heading":"New developments","content":"## Division 7 New developments\n\nDivision 7 New developments","sortOrder":71},{"sectionNumber":"48","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 48 Definitions\n\n48 Definitions\n\n> > (1) For the purposes of this Division—\n> > \n> > approval means—\n> > \n> > > (a) an approval under Part 1 of Chapter 7 of the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030) for the erection of a building, or\n> > \n> > > (b) (Repealed)\n> > \n> > > (c) a development consent under Part 4 of the [Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1979-203).\n> > \n> > compliance certificate means a certificate referred to in this Division.\n> > \n> > developer means a person to whom an approval has been given.\n> > \n> > development, in relation to land, means—\n> > \n> > > (a) the erection of a building on the land, or\n> > \n> > > (b) the carrying out of work in, on, over or under the land, or\n> > \n> > > (c) the use of the land or of a building or work on the land, or\n> > \n> > > (d) the subdivision of the land.\n> \n> > (2) (Repealed)\n> \n> **s 48:** Am 1993 No 32, Sch 2; 1996 No 139, Sch 2.17 \\[1\\] \\[2\\] (am 1997 No 55, Sch 2.18 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]); 1997 No 152, Sch 4.16 \\[2\\] \\[3\\].","sortOrder":72},{"sectionNumber":"49","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application for compliance certificate","content":"#### 49 Application for compliance certificate\n\n49 Application for compliance certificate\n\n> > (1) If an approval has been given with respect to any land within the Corporation’s area of operations, the developer may apply to the Corporation for a certificate to the effect that the development complies with the requirements of section 50.\n> \n> > (2) An application under this section must be accompanied by a copy of the approval.","sortOrder":73},{"sectionNumber":"50","sectionType":"section","heading":"Issue of compliance certificate","content":"#### 50 Issue of compliance certificate\n\n50 Issue of compliance certificate\n\n> > (1) If an application is made to the Corporation under section 49, the Corporation may—\n> > \n> > > (a) grant the developer a compliance certificate in relation to the proposed development, or\n> > \n> > > (b) serve a notice on the developer requiring the developer to enter into an agreement providing for any one or more of—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) the payment of an amount to the Corporation for amplification of the Corporation’s works and the headworks in consequence of the proposed development,\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) the construction of the works specified in the notice,\n> > > \n> > > > (iii) the transfer of the works to the Corporation,\n> > > \n> > > and, if the Corporation considers necessary, requiring the developer to provide reasonable security, in a form approved by the Corporation, for due performance of that agreement.\n> \n> > (2) When the Corporation is satisfied that the requirements of a notice referred to in subsection (1) (b) have been complied with, the Corporation must grant the developer a compliance certificate with respect to the proposed development.\n> \n> > (3) If, within 60 days after the making of an application under section 49 or within a further period approved by the Minister in a particular case that is notified to the developer within the period of 60 days, no compliance certificate has been granted to, and no notice under subsection (1) has been served on, the developer, the Corporation must, at the developer’s request, grant the developer a compliance certificate with respect to the proposed development.","sortOrder":74},{"sectionNumber":"51","sectionType":"section","heading":"Consent authority to notify Corporation of certain applications etc","content":"#### 51 Consent authority to notify Corporation of certain applications etc\n\n51 Consent authority to notify Corporation of certain applications etc\n\n> > (1) In this section, consent authority has the meaning given in the [Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1979-203) and includes a council to which an application for approval to erect a building under Part 1 of Chapter 7 of the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030) may be made.\n> \n> > (2) If a consent authority within the area of operations or a special area receives a development application or building application in relation to any matter that, in the opinion of the consent authority, may—\n> > \n> > > (a) significantly damage or interfere with the Corporation’s works, or\n> > \n> > > (b) significantly adversely affect the Corporation’s operations, or\n> > \n> > > (c) significantly adversely affect the quality of the water from which the Corporation draws its supply of water in a special area,\n> > \n> > the consent authority must, within 7 days of the receipt of the application, give the Corporation notice of the application.\n> \n> > (3) The consent authority must take into account any submissions made by the Corporation in relation to the development application or building application in determining whether to consent to the development application or building application or to attach conditions to any such consent.\n> \n> > (4) The consent authority may assume that the Corporation has no submissions to make in relation to a development application or building application of which notice has been given under this section if no such submissions are received by the consent authority within 21 days after the notice was given to the Corporation.\n> \n> > (5) If a consent authority has complied with this section in relation to a development application, the consent authority is not required to comply with this section in relation to a building application that deals with the same subject matter as the development application.\n> \n> **s 51:** Am 1993 No 32, Sch 2.","sortOrder":75},{"sectionNumber":"Division 8","sectionType":"division","heading":"Catchment areas and other special areas","content":"## Division 8 Catchment areas and other special areas\n\nDivision 8 Catchment areas and other special areas","sortOrder":76},{"sectionNumber":"52","sectionType":"section","heading":"Secretary of Department of Planning, Industry and Environment to have control of special areas","content":"#### 52 Secretary of Department of Planning, Industry and Environment to have control of special areas\n\n52 Secretary of Department of Planning, Industry and Environment to have control of special areas\n\n> The Secretary of the Department of Planning, Industry and Environment (in this Division called the Secretary) has the control of special areas for the purposes of this Division.\n> \n> **s 52:** Am 2015 No 58, Sch 3.45 \\[1\\] \\[2\\]; 2019 No 1, Sch 2.16.","sortOrder":77},{"sectionNumber":"53","sectionType":"section","heading":"Special areas","content":"#### 53 Special areas\n\n53 Special areas\n\n> > (1) The Governor may, on the recommendation of the Minister, by order published in the Gazette, declare an area of land described in the order to be a special area.\n> \n> > (2) The Minister may recommend an order only if of the opinion that the exercise of the State’s water rights under the [Water Management Act 2000](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2000-092) could be adversely affected unless the order is made.\n> \n> > (3) An order under section 21 of the [Hunter Water Board Act 1988](/view/pdf/asmade/act-1988-119) in force immediately before the commencement of this section, and any proclamation of a catchment area in force by virtue of section 21 of that Act immediately before the commencement of this section, is taken to be an order in force under this section declaring the area to be a special area.\n> \n> **s 53:** Am 2000 No 92, Sch 8.12 \\[5\\].","sortOrder":78},{"sectionNumber":"54","sectionType":"section","heading":"Crown land in special areas","content":"#### 54 Crown land in special areas\n\n54 Crown land in special areas\n\n> > (1) Action may not be taken under the [Crown Land Management Act 2016](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2016-058) in relation to land within a special area unless the Secretary has given written approval and any conditions to which the approval is subject are complied with.\n> \n> > (2) The Secretary may, in a special area, exercise the functions of a statutory land manager within the meaning of the [Crown Land Management Act 2016](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2016-058) that has been appointed as a Crown land manager of dedicated or reserved Crown land under that Act without being appointed as such.\n> \n> **s 54:** Am 2015 No 58, Sch 3.45 \\[1\\]; 2017 No 17, Sch 2.7 \\[2\\] \\[3\\].","sortOrder":79},{"sectionNumber":"55","sectionType":"section","heading":"Exercise of functions by public bodies in special areas","content":"#### 55 Exercise of functions by public bodies in special areas\n\n55 Exercise of functions by public bodies in special areas\n\n> > (1) A public agency may not, in relation to land within a special area, exercise functions other than functions under this Act unless notice is first given as prescribed by the regulations to the Secretary.\n> \n> > (2) On receiving a notice, the Secretary may make such representations to the public agency as the Secretary thinks fit.\n> \n> > (3) A public agency may not exercise functions contrary to any such representations unless, before the exercise of its functions, not less than 28 days’ notice has been given to the Secretary and the Corporation of the functions intended to be exercised.\n> \n> > (4) In this section and section 56, public agency means the Governor, a Minister of the Crown or a statutory body.\n> \n> **s 55:** Am 2015 No 58, Sch 3.45 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":80},{"sectionNumber":"56","sectionType":"section","heading":"Secretary to notify Corporation of certain proposals etc","content":"#### 56 Secretary to notify Corporation of certain proposals etc\n\n56 Secretary to notify Corporation of certain proposals etc\n\n> > (1) If the Secretary receives notice of a proposal to take action under section 54 (1) or a notice under section 55 (1) in relation to any work that may damage or interfere with the Corporation’s works or adversely affect the Corporation’s operations, the Secretary is, within 14 days, to give the Corporation notice of the proposal or notice.\n> \n> > (2) The Secretary is to take into account any submissions made by the Corporation in relation to a matter referred to in subsection (1) in determining whether to approve of the action, to attach conditions to an approval given or to make representations to the public agency.\n> \n> > (3) The Secretary may assume that the Corporation has no submissions to make in relation to a matter referred to in subsection (1) of which notice has been given under this section if no such submissions are received by the Secretary within 28 days after the notice was given to the Corporation.\n> \n> **s 56:** Am 2015 No 58, Sch 3.45 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":81},{"sectionNumber":"57","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulations concerning special areas","content":"#### 57 Regulations concerning special areas\n\n57 Regulations concerning special areas\n\n> > (1) The regulations may make provision about special areas, including the following—\n> > \n> > > (a) charges or payments for the abstraction of water in a special area,\n> > \n> > > (b) the abstraction, use, pollution or contamination of water in a special area,\n> > \n> > > (c) the issue of approvals by the Secretary to engage in activities in a special area,\n> > \n> > > (d) the giving of directions by the Secretary in relation to engaging in activities in a special area.\n> \n> > (1A) The Secretary may delegate the Secretary’s functions under regulations made under subsection (1)(c) or (d) to—\n> > \n> > > (a) an employee of the Department of Planning and Environment, or\n> > \n> > > (b) a person prescribed by the regulations.\n> \n> > (2) A regulation made under this section prevails to the extent of any inconsistency with a statutory instrument made under another Act, including an environmental planning instrument within the meaning of the [Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1979-203).\n> \n> **s 57:** Am 2023 No 7, Sch 1.11.","sortOrder":82},{"sectionNumber":"58","sectionType":"section","heading":"Continuation of previous regulation concerning special areas","content":"#### 58 Continuation of previous regulation concerning special areas\n\n58 Continuation of previous regulation concerning special areas\n\n> > (1) Despite section 8, the Hunter Water Board (Special Areas) Regulation 1989 continues in force and is taken to be made under this Act.\n> \n> > (2) Without limiting subsection (1), a permit issued under Part 4 of that Regulation is taken to have been issued under the authority of a regulation made under this Act.\n> \n> > (3) In that Regulation, a reference to the Board immediately before the commencement of section 8 is taken to be a reference to the Secretary or any person exercising the functions of the Secretary in accordance with this Division.\n> \n> **s 58:** Am 2015 No 58, Sch 3.45 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":83},{"sectionNumber":"59","sectionType":"section","heading":"Secretary to pay charges etc collected for abstraction of certain water to Corporation","content":"#### 59 Secretary to pay charges etc collected for abstraction of certain water to Corporation\n\n59 Secretary to pay charges etc collected for abstraction of certain water to Corporation\n\n> All charges paid or other payments made to the Secretary by the holder of a permit issued under Part 4 of the Hunter Water Board (Special Areas) Regulation 1989 for the benefit of the permit are, while the operating licence is current, to be paid by the Secretary to the Corporation.\n> \n> **s 59:** Am 2015 No 58, Sch 3.45 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":84},{"sectionNumber":"60","sectionType":"section","heading":"Corporation etc may exercise Secretary’s powers","content":"#### 60 Corporation etc may exercise Secretary’s powers\n\n60 Corporation etc may exercise Secretary’s powers\n\n> > (1) The Secretary may, with the consent and on the application of the Corporation, authorise the Corporation or a director or officer of the Corporation to exercise all or any of the Secretary’s functions under a regulation or provision of a regulation made under this Act.\n> \n> > (2) The authorisation is to be in writing and may be subject to conditions.\n> \n> > (3) The Secretary may at any time revoke an authorisation or revoke or amend a condition of an authorisation.\n> \n> > (4) Without limiting subsection (3), the Secretary may revoke an authorisation if the Corporation fails to comply with any condition of the authorisation or exercises any functions conferred by it in a manner that, in the Secretary’s opinion, is not in the public interest.\n> \n> **s 60:** Am 2015 No 58, Sch 3.45 \\[1\\].","sortOrder":85},{"sectionNumber":"Division 9","sectionType":"division","heading":"Other matters","content":"## Division 9 Other matters\n\nDivision 9 Other matters","sortOrder":86},{"sectionNumber":"61","sectionType":"section","heading":"Disposal of waste products","content":"#### 61 Disposal of waste products\n\n61 Disposal of waste products\n\n> > (1) The Minister may, by order published in the Gazette, declare an underground mine working to be a disused underground mine working for the purposes of this section.\n> \n> > (2) Subject to compliance with the requirements of the [Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1979-203) and the obtaining of any necessary statutory approvals, the Corporation may deposit and leave waste products from its sewerage treatment plants in a disused underground mine working despite the fact that the waste products within the mine working may pass beneath land that is not owned by the Corporation.\n> \n> > (3) The exercise by the Corporation of a power conferred on it by this section does not constitute a trespass to land unless it results in loss or damage to the owner or occupier of the land that manifests itself in some physical way.\n> \n> > (4) A person’s legal rights and remedies are not affected by any power conferred on the Corporation by this section, except as provided by subsection (3).\n> \n> > (5) An action that was disallowed by the operation of subsection (3) (as in force before the commencement of the [Hunter Water Board (Corporatisation) Amendment Act 1992](/view/pdf/asmade/act-1992-77)) is allowed after the commencement of that Act. Proceedings for such an action may be taken as if the relevant cause of action accrued on the commencement of the Act.\n> \n> **s 61:** Am 1992 No 77, sec 3.","sortOrder":87},{"sectionNumber":"62","sectionType":"section","heading":"Corporation in position of public authority in relation to drainage service","content":"#### 62 Corporation in position of public authority in relation to drainage service\n\n62 Corporation in position of public authority in relation to drainage service\n\n> > (1) In performing its obligations under the operating licence to provide, operate, manage and maintain a drainage service, the Corporation has only those functions and liabilities of a public authority whose function is to operate, manage and maintain a drainage service.\n> \n> > (2) The Corporation has no duty to upgrade or improve the drainage system included in the business undertaking.","sortOrder":88},{"sectionNumber":"Part 6","sectionType":"part","heading":"Miscellaneous","content":"# Part 6 Miscellaneous\n\nPart 6 Miscellaneous","sortOrder":89},{"sectionNumber":"63","sectionType":"section","heading":"Ministerial Corporation","content":"#### 63 Ministerial Corporation\n\n63 Ministerial Corporation\n\n> > (1) There is constituted by this Act a corporation with the corporate name of the Hunter Water Ministerial Corporation.\n> \n> > (2) The affairs of the Ministerial Corporation are to be managed by the Minister.\n> \n> > (3) Any act, matter or thing done in the name of, or on behalf of, the Ministerial Corporation by the Minister, or with the authority of the Minister, is taken to have been done by the Ministerial Corporation.\n> \n> > (4) The Ministerial Corporation has the functions conferred or imposed on it by or under this or any other Act.\n> \n> > (5) The functions of the Ministerial Corporation are to hold and dispose of assets, rights and liabilities transferred to it under this Act and to carry on any activities or business that relate to the assets, rights and liabilities transferred to it or that are incidental or ancillary to the assets, rights and liabilities transferred to it, including demanding, collecting and receiving charges, levies, rates and fees.","sortOrder":90},{"sectionNumber":"64","sectionType":"section","heading":"Alteration of names","content":"#### 64 Alteration of names\n\n64 Alteration of names\n\n> References in this Act to a company by a specified name include references to the company under any altered name.","sortOrder":91},{"sectionNumber":"64A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Ministerial directions in the public interest","content":"#### 64A Ministerial directions in the public interest\n\n64A Ministerial directions in the public interest\n\n> > (1) A direction may be given to the board of the Corporation under section 20P of the [State Owned Corporations Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-134) without compliance with subsection (3) of that section if the portfolio Minister decides that this action is warranted on grounds involving urgency, public health or public safety.\n> \n> > (2) The notice referred to in section 20P (5) of the [State Owned Corporations Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-134) is to include a statement of the reasons for that decision.\n> \n> > (3) The portfolio Minister is to publish in the Gazette (and is to make available on the Internet) any direction under section 20P of the [State Owned Corporations Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-134), and any notification under section 20O of that Act, given to the board of the Corporation as soon as practicable after it is given.\n> \n> > (4) Any such notification or direction is of no effect to the extent that it is inconsistent with the terms and conditions of the Corporation’s operating licence.\n> \n> > (5) However, subsection (4) does not apply in respect of a direction given as referred to in subsection (1).\n> \n> **s 64A:** Ins 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[9\\].","sortOrder":92},{"sectionNumber":"65","sectionType":"section","heading":"Provisions relating to certain staff","content":"#### 65 Provisions relating to certain staff\n\n65 Provisions relating to certain staff\n\n> Pursuant to clause 1 of Schedule 4 to the [State Owned Corporations Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-134), it is declared that the Hunter Water Board is an authority to which that Schedule applies.","sortOrder":93},{"sectionNumber":"66","sectionType":"section","heading":"Provisions relating to subsidiaries","content":"#### 66 Provisions relating to subsidiaries\n\n66 Provisions relating to subsidiaries\n\n> Schedule 7 to the [State Owned Corporations Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-134) is, as regards Hunter Water Corporation, taken to be altered by omitting clause 3 (8) and by inserting instead the following subclause—\n> \n> > > (8) Shares may not be issued except with the prior written approval of the voting shareholders of the State owned corporation, and shares held by eligible Ministers or by or on behalf of the State owned corporation may not be transferred except with such prior written approval or by the Premier under subclause (4).\n> \n> **s 66:** Subst 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[10\\]. Am 2007 No 82, Sch 1.14 \\[2\\] \\[3\\].","sortOrder":94},{"sectionNumber":"67","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulations may authorise or exempt for purposes of Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth)","content":"#### 67 Regulations may authorise or exempt for purposes of Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth)\n\n67 Regulations may authorise or exempt for purposes of [Competition and Consumer Act 2010](http://www.legislation.gov.au/) (Cth)\n\n> > (1) In this section—\n> > \n> > authorise includes approve.\n> > \n> > the Commonwealth Act means the [Competition and Consumer Act 2010](http://www.legislation.gov.au/) of the Commonwealth.\n> \n> > (2) The regulations may make provision for or with respect to—\n> > \n> > > (a) specifically authorising certain acts and things, or acts and things of certain kinds, for the purposes of section 51 of the Commonwealth Act, and\n> > \n> > > (b) (Repealed)\n> \n> > (3) In particular, the regulations may contain provisions specifically authorising, for the purposes of section 51 of the Commonwealth Act—\n> > \n> > > (a) the transfer under Part 3 of the business undertaking of the Hunter Water Board to the Corporation, and\n> > \n> > > (b) all conduct relating to the performance of any or all contracts, agreements or understandings concerning the supply of water, the provision of sewerage and drainage services and associated purposes that are comprised in the business undertaking of the Hunter Water Board by the Corporation and all parties to any such contracts, agreements or understandings, and\n> > \n> > > (c) the making by the Corporation of a contract, agreement or understanding relating to the supply of water, the provision of sewerage and drainage services and associated purposes—\n> > > \n> > > > (i) that is, or is of a kind that is, specified in the regulations for the purposes of this section, or\n> > > \n> > > > (ii) that is approved by the Minister,\n> > > \n> > > and all conduct of the Corporation and all parties to the contract, agreement or understanding that relates to the proposed making of, negotiating for, making, and performance of any such contract, agreement or understanding.\n> \n> > (4) If regulations made under this section authorise the Corporation to do any of the things referred to in subsection (3) (b) or (c), the Corporation, in exercising that authority, is authorised to do or omit to do any act or thing that is, or is of a kind that would be, but for the authorisation, a contravention of a provision of Part IV of the Commonwealth Act.\n> \n> > (5) If authorisation is conferred by regulations made under this section, the contract, agreement or understanding so authorised is lawful and the Corporation and all parties to the contract, agreement or understanding are authorised by force of this Act to enter into it, and to engage in the conduct referred to in subsection (3).\n> \n> > (6) Nothing in this section authorises the Corporation to do or omit to do any act or thing that it would not be empowered to do or omit to do apart from this section and the Commonwealth Act.\n> \n> > (7) An approval under subsection (3) (c) (ii) may be given subject to conditions determined by the Minister.\n> \n> **s 67:** Am 2000 No 93, Sch 2.22; 2018 No 68, Sch 2.15.","sortOrder":95},{"sectionNumber":"68","sectionType":"section","heading":"Act binds Crown","content":"#### 68 Act binds Crown\n\n68 Act binds Crown\n\n> This Act binds the Crown in right of New South Wales and, in so far as the legislative power of Parliament permits, the Crown in all its other capacities.","sortOrder":96},{"sectionNumber":"69","sectionType":"section","heading":"Work for water supply, sewerage or drainage","content":"#### 69 Work for water supply, sewerage or drainage\n\n69 Work for water supply, sewerage or drainage\n\n> > (1) A person must not do any kind of work of water supply, sewerage or drainage intended for direct or indirect connection with the pipes, sewers or drains of the Corporation unless the person—\n> > \n> > > (a) holds an endorsed licence or a supervisor certificate in force under the [Home Building Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-147) authorising the holder to do that kind of work, or\n> > \n> > > (b) does the work under the immediate supervision of the holder of such a licence or certificate, or\n> > \n> > > (c) holds a tradesperson certificate in force under the [Home Building Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-147) authorising the holder to do that work under supervision and does that work under the general supervision of the holder of a licence or certificate referred to in paragraph (a).\n> > \n> > Maximum penalty—100 penalty units.\n> \n> > (2) The regulations may make provision for or with respect to any such work, including the standards for and supervision of any such work.\n> \n> > (3) For that purpose, the regulations may apply, adopt or incorporate the document entitled the Plumbing Code of Australia, produced for all State governments by the Australian Building Codes Board, as in force on a particular date or as in force from time to time.\n> \n> > (4) If any standard or other requirement with respect to such work is inconsistent with any requirement imposed by the [Plumbing and Drainage Act 2011](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2011-059) or the regulations under that Act with respect to the same work, that Act and any regulations under that Act prevail to the extent of the inconsistency.\n> > \n> > Note.\n> > \n> > The [Plumbing and Drainage Act 2011](/view/html/inforce/current/act-2011-059) sets out the standards and other requirements for work that is plumbing and drainage work within the meaning of that Act.\n> \n> > (5) (Repealed)\n> \n> **s 69:** Am 1996 No 122, Sch 7.6; 2004 No 101, Sch 9.6; 2011 No 59, Sch 2.3 \\[2\\].","sortOrder":97},{"sectionNumber":"70","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulations","content":"#### 70 Regulations\n\n70 Regulations\n\n> > (1) The Governor may make regulations, not inconsistent with this Act, for or with respect to any matter that by this Act is required or permitted to be prescribed or that is necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.\n> \n> > (2) In particular, the regulations may contain provisions of a savings or transitional nature consequent on the enactment of this Act (including the interpretation of references to the Hunter Water Board or any member or employee of the Hunter Water Board or to the [Hunter Water Board Act 1988](/view/pdf/asmade/act-1988-119) or any provision of that Act).\n> \n> > (3) Any such savings or transitional provision may, if the regulations so provide, take effect on the commencement of this section or a later date.\n> \n> > (4) To the extent to which any such savings or transitional provision takes effect on a date that is earlier than the date of its publication in the Gazette, the provision does not operate so as—\n> > \n> > > (a) to affect, in a manner prejudicial to any person (other than the State, the Corporation, the Hunter Water Board or any authority of the State), the rights of that person existing before the date of its publication, or\n> > \n> > > (b) to impose liabilities on any person (other than the State, the Corporation, the Hunter Water Board or any authority of the State) in respect of anything done or omitted to be done before the date of its publication.\n> \n> > (5) Without limiting any of the provisions of this section, the regulations may make provision for or with respect to—\n> > \n> > > (a) the renewal of, and the arrangements to apply pending the renewal of, the operating licence, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the supply of water, the provision of sewerage or drainage services or the disposal of waste water in any extension of the area of operations following any variation in the area of operations after the commencement of the operating licence, and\n> > \n> > > (b1) in the case of drought or accident, or if the Minister is for some other reason of the opinion that it is necessary in the public interest and for the purpose of maintaining water supply—the restriction or regulation of the supply and use of water in the area of operations, and\n> > \n> > > (c) the classification or valuation of land or other basis or bases for the making of, and the procedure for the making and imposing or levying of availability charges, environmental levies and rates, and\n> > \n> > > (d) charges on land and the recovery of amounts charged on land, including applying the provisions (with or without modification) of Divisions 4 and 5 of Part 2 of Chapter 17 of the [Local Government Act 1993](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-030).\n> \n> > (6) A regulation may create an offence punishable by a penalty for a breach of the regulation not exceeding—\n> > \n> > > (a) 200 penalty units in the case of an offence by a corporation, or\n> > \n> > > (b) 100 penalty units in any other case.\n> \n> > (7) Regulations may be made for or with respect to—\n> > \n> > > (a) authorising the Corporation to make arrangements with another person to collect availability charges, environmental levies or rates on behalf of the Corporation, and\n> > \n> > > (b) the fees to be paid by the person to the Corporation.\n> \n> **s 70:** Am 1993 No 32, Sch 2; 2003 No 40, Sch 1.20 \\[7\\].","sortOrder":98},{"sectionNumber":"71","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 71\n\n71 (Repealed)","sortOrder":99},{"sectionNumber":"72","sectionType":"section","heading":"Transitional: commencement of amendments of certain Acts","content":"#### 72 Transitional: commencement of amendments of certain Acts\n\n72 Transitional: commencement of amendments of certain Acts\n\n> > (1) If the day or days on which the provisions of the proposed Electricity Commission (Corporatisation) Act 1991 that amend the [Interpretation Act 1987](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1987-015) and the [State Owned Corporations Act 1989](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1989-134) commence is earlier than the day or days on which the provisions of this Act that amend those provisions commence, the amendments proposed to be made by this Act to those provisions and to the proposed Electricity Commission (Corporatisation) Act 1991 have no effect.\n> \n> > (2) If the day on which the section of the proposed Electricity Commission (Corporatisation) Act 1991 that repeals the [Electricity Commission Act 1950](/view/html/repealed/current/act-1950-022) commences is earlier than the day on which the provisions of this Act that amend the [Electricity Commission Act 1950](/view/html/repealed/current/act-1950-022) commence, the amendment proposed to be made by this Act to that Act has no effect.\n> \n> > (3) A reference in this Act to the [Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1991-022) is, pending the commencement of that Act, to be read as a reference to the [Public Works Act 1912](/view/html/inforce/current/act-1912-045).","sortOrder":101},{"sectionNumber":"73","sectionType":"section","heading":null,"content":"#### 73\n\n73, 74 (Repealed)","sortOrder":102},{"sectionNumber":"75","sectionType":"section","heading":"Savings, transitional and other provisions","content":"#### 75 Savings, transitional and other provisions\n\n75 Savings, transitional and other provisions\n\n> Schedule 2 has effect.\n> \n> **s 75:** Ins 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[11\\].","sortOrder":104},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 1","sectionType":"schedule","heading":null,"content":"# Schedule 1\n\nSchedule 1 (Repealed)\n\n**sch 1:** Am 1992 No 34, Sch 2. Rep 1999 No 85, Sch 4.","sortOrder":105},{"sectionNumber":"Schedule 2","sectionType":"schedule","heading":"Savings, transitional and other provisions","content":"# Schedule 2 Savings, transitional and other provisions\n\nSchedule 2 Savings, transitional and other provisions\n\n(Section 75)\n\n**sch 2:** Ins 1998 No 145, Sch 4 \\[12\\].","sortOrder":106}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":825},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The legislation has expanded significantly from its original 1991 corporatisation purpose. The 1998 amendments (Water Legislation Amendment (Drinking Water and Corporate Structure) Act 1998) restructured the entity from a company to a statutory State Owned Corporation, added extensive IPART regulatory oversight (ss 17A, 17B, 18A-18D), and introduced complex transitional arrangements. Later amendments added penalty notice systems (s 31A), updated special areas management (ss 52-60 with 2015 and 2019 changes), and incorporated modern planning and environmental frameworks. The scope now encompasses detailed economic regulation, catchment protection, and competition law authorisations well beyond simple water utility establishment."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive cross-referencing to other Acts (State Owned Corporations Act 1989, Water Management Act 2000, Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, etc.)","Multiple nested conditional provisions (e.g., entry powers in s 21 with 4 exceptions, each with sub-conditions)","Duplicated penalty structures (Governor vs Tribunal enforcement in ss 17 and 17A with different thresholds and procedures)","Complex transitional arrangements in Schedule 2 preserving pre-1998 corporate structures and liabilities","Layered charging mechanisms (contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies, rates) with different legal statuses as charges on land","Detailed procedural requirements for administrative actions (notice periods, consultation requirements, Gazette publication)","Incorporation of external documents by reference (Plumbing Code of Australia)","Preservation of multiple predecessor entities (Hunter Water Board, Hunter Water Corporation Limited) with continuity provisions"],"plain_english_summary":"This Act establishes **Hunter Water Corporation** as a government-owned water utility responsible for supplying water, providing sewerage and drainage services, and disposing of waste water in the Hunter region of New South Wales.\n\n**What it does:**\n- Creates Hunter Water Corporation as a \"State Owned Corporation\" (a government business enterprise) to replace the former Hunter Water Board and Hunter Water Corporation Limited\n- Grants the Corporation an **operating licence** that specifies its service area, quality standards, and performance requirements\n- Gives the Corporation powers to:\n  - Build, own, and maintain water and sewerage infrastructure (\"works\")\n  - Enter private land to read meters, repair pipes, or investigate problems\n  - Charge customers for services through **customer contracts** (automatically deemed to exist when land is connected to the system)\n  - Impose **availability charges** on land near mains that aren't connected, **environmental levies** for future sewerage, and **rates** in declared drainage areas\n  - Acquire land compulsorily if needed\n  - Enforce rules against illegal water use, unauthorised connections, and pollution\n\n**Key protections and oversight:**\n- The **Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal (IPART)** monitors compliance, can impose penalties up to $10,000 for licence breaches, and audits operations\n- The **Governor** (acting on ministerial advice) can reprimand the Corporation, impose fines up to $150,000, or cancel the operating licence for serious breaches\n- **Special areas** (catchment zones) are protected to safeguard water quality, with the Secretary of the Department of Planning controlling activities there\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- Property owners in the Hunter region connected (or able to connect) to Hunter Water's systems\n- Developers, who must obtain **compliance certificates** before building and may need to pay for infrastructure upgrades\n- Customers, who are bound by standard contract terms published in the operating licence\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThe Act corporatised water services in the Hunter, turning a government board into a commercially-oriented utility while maintaining public ownership. It balances operational independence with regulatory oversight to ensure reliable, quality water services while protecting the region's water catchments."},"summary":{"complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The original scope was specifically about corporatising the Hunter Water Board — a one-time structural reform. Over three decades of amendments, the Act has evolved into a comprehensive ongoing regulatory framework governing the corporation's operations, powers, customer obligations, and interaction with the planning system. The name change from 'Hunter Water Board (Corporatisation) Act 1991' to 'Hunter Water Act 1991' reflects this broadened scope from a transitional instrument to a permanent governance framework."},"complexity_factors":["The Act has been amended approximately 25+ times since 2001, creating a layered legislative history that requires careful version tracking","Intersection with multiple other legal frameworks including planning law (Environmental Planning and Assessment Act), water law, and corporate governance law","Corporatisation model blends public utility regulation with commercial company law concepts, which can be difficult to navigate","Pending but uncommenced amendments mean the current text does not reflect the full future legal position","Geographic and operational scope definitions (determining exactly which areas and services are covered) can have significant practical implications for property owners and developers","The Act operates within a broader regulatory ecosystem including pricing regulation by IPART (Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal) which is not visible from the Act text alone"],"plain_english_summary":"## Hunter Water Act 1991 (NSW)\n\n**What is this law?**\n\nThis is a New South Wales law that governs **Hunter Water Corporation** — the government-owned company responsible for supplying drinking water, managing sewage (wastewater), and providing stormwater drainage services to the **Hunter region** of NSW (think Newcastle, Maitland, Lake Macquarie and surrounding areas).\n\n**A bit of history:** The Act was originally called the *Hunter Water Board (Corporatisation) Act 1991*, which tells you what it was originally about — converting the old Hunter Water Board (a government department) into a modern corporation (a government-owned company that operates more like a business).\n\n**Who does this affect?**\n\n- **Households and businesses** in the Hunter region who rely on Hunter Water for tap water, sewerage connection, and drainage\n- **Developers and property owners** who need to connect new buildings to water and sewer infrastructure\n- **Hunter Water Corporation itself** — setting out how it must be run, what powers it has, and how it is held accountable\n- **The NSW Government** through the Minister for Water, who oversees the corporation\n\n**What does it actually do?**\n\n- Establishes Hunter Water Corporation as a legal entity and sets the rules for how it operates\n- Defines what services Hunter Water must provide (water supply, sewerage, drainage)\n- Sets out the corporation's powers — for example, the ability to lay pipes, access land, and charge customers fees\n- Establishes accountability mechanisms so the government and the public can oversee how the corporation is run\n- Interacts with planning laws — meaning new developments in the region may need to satisfy Hunter Water requirements before getting approval\n\n**Why does it matter to you?**\n\nIf you live or own property in the Hunter region, Hunter Water has legal powers over your water supply and sewerage connection. This Act is the legal foundation for those powers — including what they can charge you, when they can access your property, and what obligations they have to you as a customer.\n\n⚠️ *Note: Further amendments are pending (not yet in force) from the Environmental Planning and Assessment Amendment (Planning System Reforms) Act 2025, and an Environment and Water Legislation Amendment Bill 2025 is also in progress — so this law may change in the near future.*"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act substitutes a corporatised structure and regulatory framework in place of the earlier Hunter Water Board and company arrangements: it transfers the Board’s and Company’s business, assets, rights and liabilities into a State Owned Corporation and establishes the Hunter Water Ministerial Corporation for excluded assets (ss 4, 5–7, s63; sch 2).  It replaces Board-based governance with a statutory board and operating-licence regime under Governor/M Minister oversight and Tribunal regulatory functions (ss 4B, 12–18A).  These changes shift operational control, asset ownership and revenue-collection mechanisms into the corporatised entity and create new licence and Tribunal oversight processes (ss 12–18D, ss 35–46), thereby altering the institutional and legal scope of the water/sanitation functions previously exercised under the Hunter Water Board Act and company law (s8, s9, sch 2 cl 3–13)."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive cross-references to multiple other Acts (State Owned Corporations Act, Environmental Planning and Assessment Act, Water Management Act, Local Government Act, Corporations Act, Competition and Consumer Act), increasing inter‑instrument dependency","Multiple decision-makers with overlapping powers (Governor, Minister, Secretary, Tribunal, Corporation board), creating layered discretion","Operating-licence regime with bespoke terms, renewal rules, amendment limits and Tribunal auditing/enforcement functions (ss 12–18D)","Property and land-charge mechanics (availability charges, environmental levies, rates, certificates of amounts) that interact with real property law and land transactions (ss 39, 43–47)","Detailed operational powers over works and statutory entry provisions with procedural safeguards and compensation obligations (ss 19–23, 21–22)","Developer and planning interface requiring coordination with consent authorities and timelines for compliance certificates (ss 49–51, s50(3))","Regulatory carve-outs and authorisations under Commonwealth competition law (s67), introducing potential national-level legal complexity"],"plain_english_summary":"What the law does, mechanically\n\n- Creates Hunter Water Corporation as a statutory State Owned Corporation and a separate Hunter Water Ministerial Corporation to hold any assets the Minister directs (establishment and roles: s4, s63).  The Act transfers the business, assets, rights and liabilities of the previous company and board into the Corporation (or into the Ministerial Corporation for assets the Minister excludes) by Ministerial order (s5–7, s6, sch 2 cl 4).  On transfer the Corporation is treated as the same legal entity for most purposes as the previous Board or Company (s11; sch 2 cl 10, cl 13). \n\n- Puts the Corporation’s core operations under an operating licence granted by the Governor.  The licence defines the area of operations and the principal functions (s12–16).  The licence can set the basis for pricing (contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies and rates), require customer consultation and quality/performance standards, and is renewable in specified terms (s13, s15, s35, s39).  The licence can be amended only as it specifies (s14).  The Governor and Minister have specified enforcement powers for licence contraventions (letters of reprimand, monetary penalties, cancellation) (s17, s18).  The Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal has regulatory and sanctioning roles under the Act (recommendations, monitoring, monetary penalties or remedial orders, audit roles) and the Corporation pays audit costs as certified by the Tribunal (ss 17A, 18A–18D).\n\n- Gives the Corporation ownership and wide operational powers over its works (water mains, sewer mains, headworks etc.), including powers to enter land (with notice or in specified urgent cases), to repair/extend/replace works, to open public roads (with restoration obligations and cost-recovery), and to require removal or alteration of conduits or interfering structures (ss 19–25).  Entry must generally be by an authorised person holding a certificate of authority and done at reasonable times, with limits on force and protection for dwelling-houses (s21).  The Corporation must compensate for damage caused in exercising these powers (s22).  The Act creates civil liability for persons who unlawfully interfere with Corporation works (ss 25–27, 26).\n\n- Provides a statutory regime for customer contracts: owners of land connected to Corporation mains are taken to have entered into a customer contract on the terms published in the operating licence (ss 35–36).  The Corporation may vary those published terms with Governor approval and by public notice (6 months’ notice unless shorter with Minister approval), subject to limits where pricing is determined by the Tribunal (s38).  New owners succeed to unpaid charges on land (s40) and the Corporation may recover availability charges, environmental levies and rates in particular circumstances and may, as specified, make those charges a charge on the land (ss 39, 43–46).  The Act also establishes procedures for developers to obtain compliance certificates and to be required to fund or construct headworks or works needed for a development (ss 48–51).\n\n- Establishes governance arrangements: a board composition requirement (chair appointed by voting shareholders, specified number of expert directors and the CEO on the board) (s4B).  The Premier and portfolio Minister have specified constraints and reporting roles about voting shareholder nominations and parliamentary accountability (s4C).  The Minister retains various direction powers in public-interest circumstances and the Act requires publication of such directions (s64A).  The Minister may also direct transfers and exclusions of assets (s5–7).\n\n- Sets special-area controls over catchment and source land: the Secretary of the Department of Planning, Industry and Environment controls special areas and must be notified and may approve or attach conditions to Crown land actions in special areas; the Secretary may delegate some functions to Department employees (ss 52–60).  Some fees collected under previous regulations are payable to the Corporation while the operating licence is current (s59).\n\nWho this affects and who decides\n\n- The Corporation: receives assets, becomes owner/operator of works, must comply with the operating licence, pays Tribunal-certified audit costs, and may impose and recover charges (s4A, ss 19, 18D, 39). \n\n- The Minister and Governor: decide transfers of assets and excluded undertakings (s5–7), prescribe terms of the operating licence and may direct the Corporation in urgent public-health/public-safety circumstances (s12, s64A). The Governor grants and can cancel the licence (s12, s18). \n\n- The Tribunal: monitors compliance, audits operations, can impose monetary penalties or require remedial action (ss 17A, 18A–18D). \n\n- Customers, landowners and developers: owners of land connected (or to which a main is available) are treated as customers and are liable for unpaid charges; owners of unserviced land to which a sewer will be made available may be charged an environmental levy (ss 36, 40, 43, 45). Developers who receive approvals must seek compliance certificates and may be required to pay for or construct amplifications to headworks or provide security (ss 49–50). \n\n- Public authorities and councils: the area of operations cannot be expanded into council or other public-authority service areas without prior consultation (s16); consent authorities must notify the Corporation of development applications that may affect its works (s51). \n\nWhy it matters — mechanisms, incentives, trade-offs and implementation points\n\n- Centralisation of assets and functions under a corporatised Crown-owned entity: the Act moves the water/sanitation business from the Board/Company to a State Owned Corporation (s4, s5, sch 2 cl 4).  That change mechanically concentrates decision-making about asset ownership, pricing and operations in the Corporation and in Minister/Governor powers to structure the operating licence and to direct transfers (s5–7, s12–13).  The legal continuity provisions treat the Corporation as the same entity for most purposes (s11; sch 2 cl 10), which preserves existing claims and liabilities.\n\n- Pricing and cost-recovery architecture: the operating licence can specify how contract charges, availability charges, environmental levies and rates are fixed, and the Corporation may recover those amounts as debts and, in specified cases, as charges on land (ss 35, 39, 43–46, 47).  That structure gives the Corporation statutory routes to recover capital and operating costs from owners, developers and land in its area, which changes incentives for investment and for owners to connect or resist connection.  Where the operating licence or the Tribunal determines price-related matters, private-price-setting discretion is constrained (ss 13, 38, 39, 17A).\n\n- Enforcement and compliance costs: the Act supplies criminal and civil penalties (e.g. unauthorised diversions, unauthorised connections, discharging substances into works) and penalty-notice procedures; the Tribunal and Governor may impose administrative sanctions for licence breaches (ss 30–31, 30A, 31A, 17–18A).  These measures create ongoing compliance obligations for customers, private contractors and the Corporation itself.  The Corporation bears the cost of Tribunal-certified operational audits (s18D), which is an explicit compliance cost.\n\n- Property and private-use constraints: the Corporation’s statutory ownership of works on or under land, and its right to enter land for specified purposes (with notice and limits), prioritise operational access over some private uses (ss 19–21).  The Act also creates enforceable obligations on landowners and lessees to avoid interfering with works and allows the Corporation to require removal of trees or structures that interfere (ss 25–27).  Owners face possible compensation liabilities (s22) and may be required to pay availability charges or levies recouped as land charges (ss 22, 43–46).  These are concrete limitations on property behaviour and impose monitoring and compliance duties on owners and occupiers.\n\n- Developer and planning interface: the Act embeds the Corporation into development approvals by requiring consent authorities to notify the Corporation about developments likely to affect its works and by making compliance certificates and developer contributions a condition for approvals (ss 49–51).  This channels some development costs to developers (s50).  It also creates timing risks if the Corporation does not issue certificates within statutory periods (s50(3)).\n\n- Discretion and concentrated decision points: the Minister and Governor hold substantial discretions (asset transfer orders s5, exclusion orders s6, operating-licence terms s13, and urgent directions s64A).  Those discrete powers are then operationalised by the Corporation and supervised in part by the Tribunal.  The Act therefore concentrates formal authority in a small number of executive offices while creating regulatory oversight via the Tribunal and licence conditions (ss 5–7, 12–18A, 64A).\n\n- Interaction with other regulatory regimes: many provisions depend on, or cross‑refer to, other Acts (State Owned Corporations Act, Environmental Planning and Assessment Act, Water Management Act, Local Government Act, Corporations Act, Competition and Consumer Act).  For example, regulations may authorise conduct that would otherwise contravene the Competition and Consumer Act in specified circumstances (s67).  This multi‑instrument interaction increases implementation complexity because compliance requires attention to multiple statutory instruments and regulatory bodies.\n\nCosts, incentives and practical risks to watch (mechanisms stated in the Act)\n\n- Who pays: customers, landowners, developers and the Corporation itself carry different costs under the Act.  Customers/owners pay contract charges and may face availability charges, environmental levies and rates which can be recoverable as debts and, in some cases, charges on land (ss 35–36, 39, 43–46, 47).  Developers may be required to fund works or provide security (s50).  The Corporation bears audit costs and operational obligations under the operating licence (s18D, s13). \n\n- Incentives and substitution effects: the statutory ability to treat certain levies as charges on land and to require developer contributions (ss 43–46, 50) creates incentives for landowners and developers to accelerate or defer connection decisions, or to negotiate with the Corporation.  The operating licence’s pricing prescriptions (s39) and Tribunal involvement (s17A) may limit the Corporation’s unilateral price changes and shape commercial behaviour.\n\n- Compliance burden and administrative timing: statutory notice and authorisation procedures (entry notices s21, public notice for contract variations s38, consent authority notices s51) create procedural steps that can delay activities; the Act also sets deadlines and default outcomes where the Corporation does not act (s50(3)). \n\n- Bureaucratic discretion and accountability: the Act vests key choices with Ministers/Governor (asset transfers, licence terms, urgent directions) and with the Corporation (operational decisions about works, customer contract enforcement) while providing Tribunal oversight and statutory publication requirements for directions (ss 5–7, 13, 64A, 17A, 18A).  The combination is a trade‑off between central control and regulatory supervision.\n\n- Concentrated benefits and diffuse costs (mechanism-based): the Act centralises operational control and a statutory revenue-collection mechanism in the Corporation (s4A, ss 39, 47), while owners and occupiers in the service area carry many of the discrete costs (charges, obligations to avoid interference, developer obligations).  Decision-making authorities (Minister, Governor) are limited in number, which concentrates the power to make or approve major structural changes (s5–7, s12). \n\nImplementation risk points\n\n- Cross‑Act coordination: the Corporation must operate within obligations under other Acts (e.g. Environmental Planning and Assessment Act, Water Management Act, Local Government Act, State Owned Corporations Act) and the Tribunal has functions tied to those licence terms (ss 3(2), 13, 18A).  Misalignment between instruments is a practical risk.\n\n- Timing and certainty for developers and customers: statutory notice periods and the requirement for Governor approval or Ministerial consent in certain variations create timing risks for projects and for changes in charges (s38, s50). \n\n- Enforcement limits: the Tribunal’s remedial orders are cost‑capped relative to monetary penalties (s17A(3)), and some Ministerial directions override licence terms in urgent public-health or safety cases (s64A(1), (4)–(5)), which shapes how and when regulators or the Crown might intervene.\n\nKey source sections for the above points: s4, s4A, s4B, s4C, ss 5–7, s11, s12–16, s17–18, ss 17A–17B, ss 18A–18D, ss 19–27, ss 29, 30–31A, ss 35–41, ss 43–47, ss 48–51, ss 52–60, s63, s64A, s67, s70."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/hunter-water-act-1991","history":"/api/acts/hunter-water-act-1991/history","analysis":"/api/acts/hunter-water-act-1991/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/hunter-water-act-1991/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/hunter-water-act-1991/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/hunter-water-act-1991/documents"}}