{"id":"F2014L00780","name":"Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (Computer Monitors) Determination 2014","slug":"greenhouse-and-energy-minimum-standards-computer-monitors-determination-2014","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":91895,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2014L00780-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (Computer Monitors) Determination 2014","content":"![](image.001.png)\n\nGreenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (Computer Monitors) Determination 20141\n\nGreenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Act 2012\n\nI, IAN MACFARLANE, Minister for Industry, make this Determination under section 23 of the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Act 2012.\n\nDated: 12th June 2014\n\nIan Macfarlane\n\nMinister for Industry\n\n  \nCOPYRIGHT\n\n© 2014 Commonwealth of Australia\n\nThis Determination includes material from a range of sources, including material from Australian Standards and/or Australian/New Zealand Standards (which are copyright Standards Australia Ltd). Apart from reproduction for personal and non-commercial use, and uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, Standards Australia Ltd material may not be reproduced without permission or licence.\n\nWith the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, Commonwealth copyright material is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Australia Licence. To view a copy of this license, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).\n\nYou are free to copy, communicate and adapt the Commonwealth copyright material in accordance with the Creative Commons licence, so long as you attribute the Commonwealth of Australia.\n\nComplete Australian and Australian/New Zealand Standards are available for purchase from Standards Australia Ltd. Requests and inquiries concerning other reproduction and rights pertaining to standards should be directed to SAI Global Limited.\n\nIf you are proposing to copy, communicate or adapt material from this Determination, and you are unsure whether it is Commonwealth copyright material or Standards Australia Ltd copyright material, we suggest that requests and inquiries relating to what you propose also be directed to SAI Global Limited.\n\n  \n1 Name of Determination\n\nThis Determination is the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (Computer Monitors) Determination 2014.\n\n2 Commencement, Revocation and Replacement\n\n(1) This Determination comes into force on the day after it is registered.\n\n(2) This Determination revokes and replaces the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (Computer Monitors) Determination 2013 (F2013L00733).\n\n3 Definitions\n\nIn this Determination:\n\n> Act means the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards Act 2012.\n\n> AS/NZS 4665.1:2005 means Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4665.1.2005 Performance of external power supplies Part 1: Test method and energy performance mark, as it existed on the date this Determination came into force.\n\n> Note 1: AS/NZS 4665.1:2005 is available from Standards Australia Limited.\n\n> Note 2: AS/NZS 4665.1:2005 includes all amendments up to and including AS/NZS 4665.1:2005/Amdt 1:2009 made on 27 February 2009.\n\n> AS/NZS 5815.1:2012 means Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 5815.1:2012 Information technology equipment - Energy performance of computer monitors Part 1: Methods of measurement of energy performance, as it existed on the day this Determination came into force.\n\nNote: AS/NZS 5815.1:2012 is available from Standards Australia Limited.\n\n> AS/NZS 5815.2:2013 means Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 5815.2:2013 Information technology equipment - Energy performance of computer monitors Part 2: Minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and energy rating labels, as it existed on the day this Determination came into force.\n\nNote 1: AS/NZS 5815.2:2013 is available from Standards Australia Limited.\n\nNote 2: AS/NZS 5815.2:2013 includes all amendments up to and including AS/NZS 5815.2:2013/Amdt 1:2014 made on 23 January 2014.\n\nEN 55103\\-1:2009 means CEN Standard EN 55103-1:2009 Electromagnetic compatibility—Product family standard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lighting control apparatus for professional use – Part 1: Emissions, as it existed on the day this Determination came into force.\n\nNote: EN 55103-1:2009 is available from Standards Australia Limited.\n\nIEC 60601 means IEC Standard IEC 60601-1:2005 Medical electrical equipment – Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance, as it existed on the day this Determination came into force.\n\nNote 1: IEC 60601-1:2005 is available from Standards Australia Limited.\n\nNote 2: IEC 60601-1:2005 includes all amendments up to and including IEC 60601-1:2005/Amdt 1:2012 made on 13 July 2012.\n\ncomputer monitor means a commercially-available product with a display screen and associated electronics, encased in a single housing, that as its primary function displays visual information from a computer, workstation or server, including via a wireless connection.\n\n> Note: Common computer monitor technologies include liquid crystal display (LCD), light emitting diode (LED), cathode-ray tube (CRT), and plasma display panel (PDP).\n\n> Note: Pursuant to paragraph 13(1)(b) of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003, expressions used in this determination have the same meaning as in the Act. For example, section 5 of the Act defines the following expressions:\n\n-   category A product\n-   covered by\n-   family of models\n-   GEMS\n-   GEMS labelling requirements\n-   GEMS level requirements\n-   model\n-   product classes\n-   supply\n\n4 Interpretation\n\n(1) If a term or phrase is not defined under the Act, the Regulations to the Act or in this Determination, but the term is defined in a standard specifically mentioned in section 3 of this Determination, the term or phrase is to be read for the purposes of this Determination as having the meaning of the term under the relevant standard.\n\n> Note: Notwithstanding this, for convenience to users, the key terms for ascertaining if a product is covered by this Determination are defined in this Determination.\n\n(2) For the purposes of this Determination the applicable version of any document, including a standard, that:\n\n(a) is referred to in a standard under the heading ‘Normative References’ or under an equivalent heading in a standard; and\n\n(b) must be applied to give effect to this Determination or a standard referred to in this Determination,\n\nis the version of the document, including a standard, that existed at the date this Determination came into force.\n\n5 Specified product classes covered by this Determination\n\n> Note: (Act, section 23)\n\nProducts that are covered by this Determination\n\n(1) This Determination covers computer monitors specified in the table following this subsection which are designed to be connected to 230 or 240 volts mains voltage via:\n\n(a) a direct connection; or\n\n(b) an external power supply permanently connected to the product; or\n\n(c) an external power supply that can be disconnected from the product.\n\n| Column 1Class | Column 2Description of class                                                                                                            |\n| ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Class 1       | Computer monitors with a diagonal screen size less than 76 cm (30 inches) and a screen resolution less than or equal to 1.1 MegaPixels. |\n| Class 2       | Computer monitors with a diagonal screen size less than 76 cm (30 inches) and a screen resolution greater than 1.1 MegaPixels.          |\n| Class 3       | Computer monitors with a diagonal screen size equal to or greater than 76 cm (30 inches) and equal to or less than 152 cm (60 inches).  |\n\nProducts that are not covered by this Determination\n\n(2) Despite subsection (1), the products described in Columns 2 and 3 of the following table are not covered by this Determination.\n\n| Column 1Item | Column 2Description of product not covered by this Determination                   | Column 3Detailed description (if applicable)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |\n| ------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 1            | Electronic displays used exclusively for digital signage or digital picture frames |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |\n| 2            | Electronic displays used exclusively for advertising                               |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |\n| 3            | High performance electronic displays                                               | Displays using in plain switching (IPS) or vertical alignment (VA) technology and offering:(a) a native pixel resolution greater than or equal to 2.3 (1920 x 1200) MegaPixels; and(b) a viewing angle greater than or equal to 178 degrees (at a minimum contrast ratio of 1:10); and(c) a colour gamut greater than or equal to 72 per cent of NTSC; and(d) a diagonal screen size greater than or equal to 61 cm (24 inches).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |\n| 4            | Specialised electronic displays                                                    | Displays intended for use primarily in commercial or professional fields (for example: engineering, medicine, graphic arts) and that are not intended for sale to the general public. Displays intended for use in these applications include the following:(a) displays defined as professional products that are in the scope of EN 55103; and(b) medical products as set out in the IEC 60601 series; and(c) displays intended for medical use that comply with the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard; and(d) products used in diagnostic medical applications that do not have a power state equivalent to standby active mode; and(e) displays that can display content through installed serial digital interface (SDI) signal path/s including medical electronic displays intended by manufacturers to be used in the diagnosis, treatment, or monitoring of a patient. |\n| 5            | Combined products                                                                  | Products with video electronic display capability and other functionality, including one or more of the following:(a) built-in or integrated networking functionality, the circuitry for which cannot be physically separated or switched independently from the electronic display component. Examples of such functionality include (without limitation) video-conferencing capability, VoIP capability, and PCoIP capability. The inclusion of a camera, microphone and/or loudspeakers is not a network function; or(b) integrated personal computers, tablet computers, slate computers, electronic readers, smart phones, and personal digital assistants.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |\n| 6            | Public displays                                                                    | Products intended for electronically displaying content to multiple users such as in public settings, conference rooms, etc., with one or more of the following characteristics:(a) a screen size of 81 cm (32 inches) or above;(b) the product is marketed as a product that is intended to be viewed by more than one user at a time;(c) the product is not intended for desktop use;(d) the product is not supplied with a means of allowing it to be freestanding;(e) the product requires installation on a permanent basis (it cannot be easily moved without tools being used).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |\n| 7            | Large displays with a diagonal display dimension greater than 152 cm (60 inches)   |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |\n| 8            | Products classified, marketed or sold as televisions or TVs.                       | Includes products with an AM integrated television tuner, a product with a computer input port (for example, VGA) that is marketed and sold primarily as a television, and component televisions.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |\n\n6 GEMS level requirements\n\n> Note: (Act, section 25)\n\nEnergy use and greenhouse gas production\n\n(1) The requirements for energy use for products covered by this Determination are the requirements mentioned in section 2 of AS/NZS 5815.2:2013.\n\nConducting tests\n\n(2) The requirements for conducting tests for products covered by this Determination are those mentioned in sections 2 and 3 of AS/NZS 5815.1:2012.\n\n(3) If a product covered by this Determination is designed to be connected to 230 or 240 volts main voltage via an external power supply that can be disconnected from the product, then the tests mentioned in subsection (2) must be conducted:\n\n(a) in the case of a product which is supplied with an external power supply—with the supplied external power supply; or\n\n(b) in the case of a product which is not supplied with an external power supply—with an external power supply which has a Mark III energy performance mark in accordance with AS 4665.1:2005.\n\n7 GEMS labelling requirements\n\n> Note: (Act, section 26)\n\nLabelling and communication requirements\n\n(1) The requirements for labelling and communication for products covered by this Determination are the requirements mentioned in sections 3 and 4 of AS/NZS 5815.2:2013, but excluding:\n\n(a) the text in clause 4.2 of AS/NZS 5815.2:2013—“As an alternative to a physical label, an electronically generated label may be used if the computer monitor is provided with a method to display the electronic label. Where an electronic label is used, instructions shall be provided on how to activate the electronic label so that retailers can activate it for showroom demonstration purposes.\n\nLabels incorporated into video loops are an acceptable form of display. Labels included in these loops may differ to the specified labels in this Standard as long as they depict the essential information that consumers would see on the physical label.\n\nNOTE: Electronic labels and labels included in video loops are subject to approval by the relevant regulator”; and\n\n(b) the words in clause 4.3(b) of AS/NZS 5815.2:2013—“Displayed electronically on the computer monitor screen”.\n\nConducting tests\n\n(2) The requirements for conducting tests for products covered by this Determination are those mentioned in sections 2 and 3 of AS/NZS 5815.1:2012.\n\n(3) If a product covered by this Determination is designed to be connected to 230 or 240 volts main voltage via an external power supply that can be disconnected from the product, then the tests mentioned in subsection (2) must be conducted:\n\n(a) in the case of a product which is supplied with an external power supply—with the supplied external power supply; or\n\n(b) in the case of a product which is not supplied with an external power supply—with an external power supply which has a Mark III energy performance mark in accordance with AS 4665.1:2005.\n\n8 Other GEMS requirements\n\n> Note: (Act, section 27)\n\nThere are no other GEMS requirements for products covered by this Determination.\n\n9 Families of models\n\n> Note: (Act, section 28)\n\n(1) Two or more models of a product covered by this Determination are in the same family of models if those models:\n\n(a) are marketed in the same category or class of product; and\n\n(b) have the same energy performance characteristics; and\n\n(c) have identical physical characteristics that are relevant to complying with sections 6 and 7 of this Determination; and\n\n(d) are included on a single test report which was prepared prior to the application for registration for the model being made under section 41 of the Act.\n\n(2) However, a model cannot be a member of a family of models if its inclusion in that family would lead to the family consisting of more than 10 models.\n\n10 Product Categories\n\n> Note: (Act, section 29)\n\nThe products covered by this Determination are category A products.\n\n11 Registrations affected by this Determination\n\n> Note: (Act, section 36)\n\nThis Determination does not affect the registration of any model registered against the Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (Computer Monitors) Determination 2013 (F2013L00733).\n\nNote: If a model’s registration is not affected the model is taken to be registered against this Determination. See section 36 of the Act.\n\n> Note\n\n> Note: 1. All legislative instruments and compilations are registered on the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments kept under the Legislative Instruments Act 2003. See http://www.frli.gov.au.","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This Determination revokes and replaces the 2013 instrument but, on its face, maintains the same core purpose: to set MEPS and labelling requirements for computer monitors and to specify which products are covered or excluded (see sections 1–2 and 6–7). The changes visible in this instrument are updates and clarifications — new references to particular versions of standards, specific exclusions and procedural clarifications (for example, the family‑of‑models rule and explicit labelling carve‑outs) — rather than a clear expansion of scope beyond the original objective of applying GEMS requirements to monitors. Therefore there is no evident significant scope expansion in policy aim; the instrument mainly refines coverage and technical references."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple external standards referenced (AS/NZS 4665.1:2005; AS/NZS 5815.1:2012; AS/NZS 5815.2:2013; EN 55103-1:2009; IEC 60601-1:2005) increasing cross‑reference complexity (section 3).","Several defined terms and a rule that undefined terms adopt meanings from referenced standards (section 4(1)), increasing interpretive dependency on technical standards.","Three product classes (by size and resolution) plus a detailed table of eight exclusion categories with multi-part technical criteria (section 5(1)–(2)).","Conditional testing rules depending on whether an external power supply is supplied or detachable (sections 6(2)–(3) and 7(3)).","Explicit exclusions of specific labelling provisions from the referenced standard (section 7(1)(a)–(b)), adding a carve‑out layer to the labelling rules.","Family‑of‑models rules with a numerical cap (no more than 10 models) and multi‑factor test for family membership (section 9).","Revocation and replacement of the prior Determination (section 2), requiring attention to transitional or continuity issues (section 11).","Cross‑references to the parent Act for procedural and interpretive definitions (notes to sections 3 and 4)."],"plain_english_summary":"**What this Determination does (mechanically)**\n\n- Sets mandatory energy performance and labelling rules for many computer monitors sold in Australia by making the GEMS (Greenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards) requirements in Australian/New Zealand standards apply to those products (see sections 6 and 7).\n- Defines which products are covered (three product classes by screen size and resolution) and lists specific categories of displays that are excluded (for example: digital signage, advertising displays, certain high‑performance and specialised professional or medical displays, combined devices like tablets/PCs, public displays, very large displays, and products sold as televisions) (see section 5(1) and 5(2) and the exclusions table).\n- Requires tests to be done according to the measurement standard AS/NZS 5815.1:2012 and to meet the energy limits in AS/NZS 5815.2:2013 (section 6(1)–(3)). If a monitor uses a detachable external power supply, testing must use the supplied power supply or a Mark III external power supply (section 6(3)).\n- Applies labelling and information rules set out in AS/NZS 5815.2:2013, but explicitly excludes some provisions of that standard about electronic labels (section 7(1)).\n- Defines when models may be grouped into a single “family of models” for registration/testing purposes and limits such a family to no more than 10 models (section 9).\n- Declares the covered products to be category A products for the purposes of the Act and states that registrations already made under the 2013 Determination remain effective under this Determination (sections 10–11).\n\n**Who is affected**\n\n- Manufacturers, importers and suppliers of computer monitors designed to be connected to 230–240 V mains power (via internal or external power supplies) for retail sale in Australia — they must have products tested and labelled in accordance with the cited standards and meet the MEPS (minimum energy performance standards) (sections 5 and 6).\n- Retailers and distributors who present monitors to consumers will normally have to supply products that carry the required energy label and comply with the Determination’s labelling rules (section 7).\n- Consumers are affected indirectly: information on energy label and possible changes in product availability or price as a result of compliance costs.\n\n**Why it matters (official purpose then practical effects)**\n\n- Officially, the Determination implements energy‑use (GEMS) limits and labelling to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from monitors (see sections 6 and 7 referencing AS/NZS standards).\n\n- Practical effects and the mechanism by which those effects happen:\n  - Compliance costs: manufacturers/importers pay for testing (AS/NZS 5815.1:2012) and for labels and any design changes needed to meet MEPS (section 6(2)–(3), section 7(1)). These are upfront costs that may be passed to buyers.\n  - Market incentives: the rule rewards lower‑energy designs (they can be sold without restriction), so producers have an incentive to design for energy efficiency (section 6(1)).\n  - Product design and market scope: detailed exclusions (section 5(2)) create safe‑harbours — for example, combined devices or products marketed as televisions are outside these rules — which can influence how manufacturers design, label, or market products to avoid coverage.\n  - Information to buyers: labelling requirements provide consumers standardised energy information at point of sale (section 7(1), cross‑referencing AS/NZS 5815.2:2013).\n  - Regulatory burden and administration: the regulator enforces the Determination under the Act; the family‑of‑models rules and the 10‑model limit affect how many variants a single test report can cover (section 9).\n\n**Costs, trade‑offs and implementation considerations**\n\n- Who pays: primarily manufacturers/importers for testing and certification; retailers may incur stocking/labeling costs; consumers may face higher prices to reflect compliance costs (sections 6–7).\n- Who decides and where discretion sits: the Determination fixes technical rules but relies on external standards (AS/NZS and IEC/CEN standards referenced in section 3). The regulator (under the Act) applies and enforces the Determination; decisions such as whether a product falls into an exclusion category (for example, “specialised” or “public display”) will require factual classification by suppliers and may generate regulatory queries or disputes (see section 5(2)).\n- Compliance burden: required test methods are detailed external standards, which must be purchased and followed (sections 3 and 6(2)). The Determination excludes some electronic‑labelling pathways in the cited standard, so physical labelling or other approved means will be required unless otherwise permitted by the regulator (section 7(1)(a)–(b)).\n- Implementation risks and loopholes: the specific exclusions (for example, combined products, products described or marketed as TVs) create potential for manufacturers to restructure products or marketing to fall outside the Determination’s scope (section 5(2), items 5 and 8). The family limit of 10 models (section 9(2)) affects how manufacturers bundle testing — that can increase testing frequency or encourage small variations to be tested separately.\n- Standards access and cost: the Determination relies heavily on external standards that are not freely available (section 3 notes availability from Standards Australia), so there is a monetised compliance cost and a gatekeeper role for standards bodies.\n\n**Net practical summary**\n\nThis instrument prescribes the technical testing, minimum energy performance and labelling rules that apply to most stand‑alone computer monitors sold in Australia, while carving out a set of specialist, large, combined or TV‑marketed products. It shifts compliance costs onto product suppliers, creates incentives to produce lower‑energy displays, and leaves some scope for firms to design or market products to avoid coverage. Key operational obligations and testing methods are implemented by reference to external standards (sections 3, 6 and 7)."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This Determination appears consistent with the original intent of the GEMS Act 2012 to establish energy efficiency standards for specified products. It replaces the 2013 Determination with updated standards references but maintains the same fundamental scope—regulating computer monitors while excluding televisions, medical equipment, and specialised professional displays. The product classes and exclusions remain substantially similar to the 2013 version, indicating no significant scope creep."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple incorporated external standards (AS/NZS 5815.1:2012, AS/NZS 5815.2:2013, AS/NZS 4665.1:2005, EN 55103-1:2009, IEC 60601) requiring cross-referencing","Nested conditional testing requirements for external power supplies (section 6(3) and 7(3))","Detailed exclusion table with 8 categories, some containing multi-factor technical definitions (e.g., high-performance displays requiring 4 simultaneous criteria in Item 3)","Complex definition of 'specialised electronic displays' incorporating multiple professional standards and use cases","Family of models grouping rules with a 10-model cap and four cumulative criteria","Version-locking provisions requiring determination of 'applicable version' of referenced documents as at commencement date","Specific textual exclusions from incorporated standards (clauses 4.2 and 4.3(b) of AS/NZS 5815.2:2013) requiring careful parsing of what applies versus what is excluded"],"plain_english_summary":"This law sets minimum energy-efficiency requirements for computer monitors sold in Australia, requiring them to meet testing and performance standards and carry physical energy rating labels so consumers can compare efficiency.  \n\nIt mainly affects manufacturers, importers and retailers of monitors (and buyers), excludes TVs, signage, medical and high-performance/professional displays and some integrated devices, and aims to cut electricity use and greenhouse gas emissions while helping consumers choose lower-running-cost products."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/greenhouse-and-energy-minimum-standards-computer-monitors-determination-2014","history":"/api/acts/greenhouse-and-energy-minimum-standards-computer-monitors-determination-2014/history","analysis":"/api/acts/greenhouse-and-energy-minimum-standards-computer-monitors-determination-2014/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/greenhouse-and-energy-minimum-standards-computer-monitors-determination-2014/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/greenhouse-and-energy-minimum-standards-computer-monitors-determination-2014/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/greenhouse-and-energy-minimum-standards-computer-monitors-determination-2014/documents"}}