{"id":"F2024L01719","name":"Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements (December 2024)","slug":"f2024l01719","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":319627,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2024L01719-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-08","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Obtaining a Copy of this Auditing Standa","sectionType":"section","heading":"Obtaining a Copy of this Auditing Standard","content":"##### Obtaining a Copy of this Auditing Standard\n\nThe most recently compiled versions of Auditing Standards, original Standards and amending Standards (see Compilation Details) are available on the AUASB website: www.auasb.gov.au","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"Contact Details","sectionType":"section","heading":"Contact Details","content":"##### Contact Details\n\n| Auditing and Assurance Standards BoardPhone: (03) 8080 7400E-mail: enquiries@auasb.gov.auPostal Address:PO Box 204Collins Street WestMelbourne Victoria 8007AUSTRALIA |     |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --- |","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"COPYRIGHT","sectionType":"section","heading":"COPYRIGHT","content":"##### COPYRIGHT\n\n© 2025 Commonwealth of Australia. The text, graphics and layout of this Auditing Standard are protected by Australian copyright law and the comparable law of other countries. Reproduction within Australia in unaltered form (retaining this notice) is permitted for personal and non‑commercial use subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source as being the Australian Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB).\n\nRequests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights for commercial purposes should be addressed to the Director-National, Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, PO Box 204, Collins Street West, Melbourne, Victoria 8007 or sent to enquiries@auasb.gov.au. Otherwise, no part of this Auditing Standard may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the AUASB except as permitted by law.\n\nISSN 1833-4393","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"CONTENTS","sectionType":"part","heading":"CONTENTS","content":"# CONTENTS\n\nCOMPILATION DETAILS\n\nAUTHORITY STATEMENT\n\nCONFORMITY WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON AUDITING\n\nParagraphs\n\nApplication.................................................................1\n\nOperative Date..............................................................2\n\nIntroduction\n\nScope of this Auditing Standard..................................................3\n\nObjective..................................................................4\n\nDefinitions.................................................................5\n\nRequirements...............................................................6\n\nApplication and Other Explanatory Material...................................A1-A6","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"COMPILATION DETAILS","sectionType":"part","heading":"COMPILATION DETAILS","content":"##### Obtaining a Copy of this Auditing Standard\n\nThe most recently compiled versions of Auditing Standards, original Standards and amending Standards (see Compilation Details) are available on the AUASB website: www.auasb.gov.au\n\n##### Contact Details\n\n| Auditing and Assurance Standards BoardPhone: (03) 8080 7400E-mail: enquiries@auasb.gov.auPostal Address:PO Box 204Collins Street WestMelbourne Victoria 8007AUSTRALIA |     |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --- |\n\n##### COPYRIGHT\n\n© 2025 Commonwealth of Australia. The text, graphics and layout of this Auditing Standard are protected by Australian copyright law and the comparable law of other countries. Reproduction within Australia in unaltered form (retaining this notice) is permitted for personal and non‑commercial use subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source as being the Australian Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB).\n\nRequests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights for commercial purposes should be addressed to the Director-National, Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, PO Box 204, Collins Street West, Melbourne, Victoria 8007 or sent to enquiries@auasb.gov.au. Otherwise, no part of this Auditing Standard may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the AUASB except as permitted by law.\n\nISSN 1833-4393\n\n# CONTENTS\n\nCOMPILATION DETAILS\n\nAUTHORITY STATEMENT\n\nCONFORMITY WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON AUDITING\n\nParagraphs\n\nApplication.................................................................1\n\nOperative Date..............................................................2\n\nIntroduction\n\nScope of this Auditing Standard..................................................3\n\nObjective..................................................................4\n\nDefinitions.................................................................5\n\nRequirements...............................................................6\n\nApplication and Other Explanatory Material...................................A1-A6\n\n  \n\n# COMPILATION DETAILS\n\n### Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements (as Amended)\n\nThis compilation takes into account amendments made up to and including 9 July 2025 and was prepared on 18 July 2025 by the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB).\n\nThis compilation is not a separate Auditing Standard made by the AUASB. Instead, it is a representation of ASA 102 (December 2024) as amended by another Auditing Standard which is listed in the Table below.\n\n##### Table of Standards\n\n| Standard     | Date made        | Operative Date                                                                                                                                                                                             |\n| ------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| ASA 102      | 16 December 2024 | financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025                                                                                                                                          |\n| AUASB 2025-5 | 9 July 2025      | financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply |\n| AUASB 2025-7 | 9 July 2025      | financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply |\n\n###### Legislation History\n\n| Standard     | Registration Number | Registration Date | Commencement Date |\n| ------------ | ------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- |\n| ASA 102      | F2024L01719         | 20 December 2024  | 21 December 2024  |\n| AUASB 2025-5 | F2025L00852         | 17 July 2025      | 18 July 2025      |\n| AUASB 2025-7 | F2025L00853         | 17 July 2025      | 18 July 2025      |\n\n##### Table of Amendments\n\n| Paragraph affected | How affected | By … [paragraph]  |\n| ------------------ | ------------ | ----------------- |\n| 2                  | Amended      | AUASB 2025-5 [6]  |\n| 5(d)               | Amended      | AUASB 2025-5 [7]  |\n| 5(d)               | Amended      | AUASB 2025-7 [14] |\n\n  \n\n## AUTHORITY STATEMENT\n\nAuditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements (December 2024) (as amended to 9 July 2025) is set out in paragraphs 1 to A6.\n\nThis Auditing Standard is to be read in conjunction with ASA 101 Preamble to AUASB Standards, which sets out how AUASB Standards are to be understood, interpreted and applied. This Auditing Standard is to be read also in conjunction with ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.\n\n##### Conformity with International Standards on Auditing\n\nThis Auditing Standard has been made for Australian legislative purposes and accordingly there is no equivalent International Standard on Auditing (ISA) issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), an independent standard‑setting board of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).\n\nHowever, the requirement and application and other explanatory material in this Auditing Standard have been drawn from ISQM 1 Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Statements, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements, ISQM 2 Engagement Quality Reviews, ISA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with International Standards on Auditing and ISA 220 Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements, issued by the IAASB, as listed in the following table:\n\n| ASA 102                   | International Standards                                           |\n| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Paragraph 6 (requirement) | ISA 200 paragraph 14ISQM 1 paragraph 29ISQM 2 paragraphs 2, 18-20 |\n| Paragraph A1              | ISA 200 paragraph A17                                             |\n| Paragraph A2              | ISA 200 paragraph A18                                             |\n| Paragraph A3              | ISA 200 paragraph A18                                             |\n| Paragraph A4              | ISA 200 paragraph A18                                             |\n| Paragraph A5              | ISA 200 paragraph A19                                             |\n| Paragraph A6              | ISQM 1 paragraph A18ISA 220 paragraph A26-A27                     |\n\nCompliance with this Auditing Standard, together with other Australian Auditing Standards, enables compliance with the ISAs and ISQMs.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance wit","sectionType":"division","heading":"Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements (as Amended)","content":"### Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements (as Amended)\n\nThis compilation takes into account amendments made up to and including 9 July 2025 and was prepared on 18 July 2025 by the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB).\n\nThis compilation is not a separate Auditing Standard made by the AUASB. Instead, it is a representation of ASA 102 (December 2024) as amended by another Auditing Standard which is listed in the Table below.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Table of Standards","sectionType":"section","heading":"Table of Standards","content":"##### Table of Standards\n\n| Standard     | Date made        | Operative Date                                                                                                                                                                                             |\n| ------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| ASA 102      | 16 December 2024 | financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025                                                                                                                                          |\n| AUASB 2025-5 | 9 July 2025      | financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply |\n| AUASB 2025-7 | 9 July 2025      | financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply |","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"Legislation History","sectionType":"section","heading":"Legislation History","content":"###### Legislation History\n\n| Standard     | Registration Number | Registration Date | Commencement Date |\n| ------------ | ------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- |\n| ASA 102      | F2024L01719         | 20 December 2024  | 21 December 2024  |\n| AUASB 2025-5 | F2025L00852         | 17 July 2025      | 18 July 2025      |\n| AUASB 2025-7 | F2025L00853         | 17 July 2025      | 18 July 2025      |","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"Table of Amendments","sectionType":"section","heading":"Table of Amendments","content":"##### Table of Amendments\n\n| Paragraph affected | How affected | By … [paragraph]  |\n| ------------------ | ------------ | ----------------- |\n| 2                  | Amended      | AUASB 2025-5 [6]  |\n| 5(d)               | Amended      | AUASB 2025-5 [7]  |\n| 5(d)               | Amended      | AUASB 2025-7 [14] |\n\n  \n\n## AUTHORITY STATEMENT\n\nAuditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements (December 2024) (as amended to 9 July 2025) is set out in paragraphs 1 to A6.\n\nThis Auditing Standard is to be read in conjunction with ASA 101 Preamble to AUASB Standards, which sets out how AUASB Standards are to be understood, interpreted and applied. This Auditing Standard is to be read also in conjunction with ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.\n\n##### Conformity with International Standards on Auditing\n\nThis Auditing Standard has been made for Australian legislative purposes and accordingly there is no equivalent International Standard on Auditing (ISA) issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), an independent standard‑setting board of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).\n\nHowever, the requirement and application and other explanatory material in this Auditing Standard have been drawn from ISQM 1 Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Statements, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements, ISQM 2 Engagement Quality Reviews, ISA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with International Standards on Auditing and ISA 220 Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements, issued by the IAASB, as listed in the following table:\n\n| ASA 102                   | International Standards                                           |\n| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Paragraph 6 (requirement) | ISA 200 paragraph 14ISQM 1 paragraph 29ISQM 2 paragraphs 2, 18-20 |\n| Paragraph A1              | ISA 200 paragraph A17                                             |\n| Paragraph A2              | ISA 200 paragraph A18                                             |\n| Paragraph A3              | ISA 200 paragraph A18                                             |\n| Paragraph A4              | ISA 200 paragraph A18                                             |\n| Paragraph A5              | ISA 200 paragraph A19                                             |\n| Paragraph A6              | ISQM 1 paragraph A18ISA 220 paragraph A26-A27                     |\n\nCompliance with this Auditing Standard, together with other Australian Auditing Standards, enables compliance with the ISAs and ISQMs.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"AUTHORITY STATEMENT","sectionType":"part","heading":"AUTHORITY STATEMENT","content":"## AUTHORITY STATEMENT\n\nAuditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements (December 2024) (as amended to 9 July 2025) is set out in paragraphs 1 to A6.\n\nThis Auditing Standard is to be read in conjunction with ASA 101 Preamble to AUASB Standards, which sets out how AUASB Standards are to be understood, interpreted and applied. This Auditing Standard is to be read also in conjunction with ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"Conformity with International Standards ","sectionType":"section","heading":"Conformity with International Standards on Auditing","content":"##### Conformity with International Standards on Auditing\n\nThis Auditing Standard has been made for Australian legislative purposes and accordingly there is no equivalent International Standard on Auditing (ISA) issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), an independent standard‑setting board of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).\n\nHowever, the requirement and application and other explanatory material in this Auditing Standard have been drawn from ISQM 1 Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Statements, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements, ISQM 2 Engagement Quality Reviews, ISA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with International Standards on Auditing and ISA 220 Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements, issued by the IAASB, as listed in the following table:\n\n| ASA 102                   | International Standards                                           |\n| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Paragraph 6 (requirement) | ISA 200 paragraph 14ISQM 1 paragraph 29ISQM 2 paragraphs 2, 18-20 |\n| Paragraph A1              | ISA 200 paragraph A17                                             |\n| Paragraph A2              | ISA 200 paragraph A18                                             |\n| Paragraph A3              | ISA 200 paragraph A18                                             |\n| Paragraph A4              | ISA 200 paragraph A18                                             |\n| Paragraph A5              | ISA 200 paragraph A19                                             |\n| Paragraph A6              | ISQM 1 paragraph A18ISA 220 paragraph A26-A27                     |\n\nCompliance with this Auditing Standard, together with other Australian Auditing Standards, enables compliance with the ISAs and ISQMs.","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"Auditing Standard ASA 102","sectionType":"part","heading":"Auditing Standard ASA 102","content":"Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\nThe Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) made Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements pursuant to section 227B of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 and section 336 of the Corporations Act 2001, on 16 December 2024.\n\nThis compiled version of ASA 102 incorporates subsequent amendments contained in another Auditing Standard made by the AUASB up to and including 9 July 2025 (see Compilation Details).\n\n## Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\n### Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements\n\n##### Application\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard applies to:\n    1.  an audit of a financial report for a financial year, or an audit or review of a financial report for a half-year, in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001;\n    2.  an audit or review of a financial report, or a complete set of financial statements, for any other purpose;\n    3.  an audit or review of other financial information;\n    4.  other assurance engagements excluding sustainability assurance engagements; and\n    5.  a firm required to comply with ASQM 1 Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Reports and Other Financial Information, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements.\n\n##### Operative Date\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard is operative for financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply. \\[Note: For operative dates of paragraphs changed or added by an Amending Standard, see Compilation Details.\\]\n\n##### Introduction\n\n###### Scope of this Auditing Standard\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard includes a requirement for auditors, assurance practitioners, engagement quality reviewers and firms to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Objective\n\n1.  The objective of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm is to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Definitions\n\n1.  For the purposes of this Auditing Standard, the following terms have the meanings attributed below:\n    1.  Assurance practitioner means assurance practitioner as defined in ASQM 1.\n    2.  Auditor means auditor as defined in ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.\n    3.  Engagement quality reviewer means engagement quality reviewer as defined in ASQM 1.\n    4.  Relevant ethical requirements means ethical requirements that apply to the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm. In Australia, these include the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the Accounting Professional & Ethical Standards Board Limited (APESB) (November 2018 incorporating all amendments to July 2025) (APES 110), the applicable provisions of the Corporations Act 2001 and other applicable law or regulation.\n\n##### Requirements\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. A1-A6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm shall comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n\\* \\* \\*\n\n##### Application and Other Explanatory Material\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. 6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are to have regard to the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the APESB, which are to be taken into account in determining whether relevant ethical requirements referred to in paragraph 6 of this Auditing Standard have been met. In relation to audits and reviews undertaken in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, the provisions of Division 3 Part 2M.4 of the Act may also apply.\n2.  APES 110 establishes the fundamental principles of ethics which are:\n    1.  Integrity;\n    2.  Objectivity;\n    3.  Professional competence and due care;\n    4.  Confidentiality; and\n    5.  Professional behaviour.\n\nThe fundamental principles of ethics establish the standard of behaviour expected of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer, and firm, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n1.  APES 110 provides a conceptual framework that establishes the approach which the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are required to apply when identifying, evaluating and addressing threats to compliance with the fundamental principles.\n2.  In the case of audits, reviews and other assurance engagements, APES 110 sets out Independence Standards, established by the application of the conceptual framework to threats to independence in relation to those engagements.\n3.  APES 110 describes independence as comprising both independence of mind and independence in appearance. Independence safeguards the ability to form an assurance conclusion without being affected by influences that might compromise that conclusion. Independence enhances the ability to act with integrity, to be objective and to maintain an attitude of professional scepticism.\n4.  The definition of terms in APES 110 may differ from the definitions of those terms in AUASB Standards. In complying with the requirements of this Auditing Standard, the definitions used in APES 110 apply in so far as is necessary to interpret the ethical requirements of AUASB Standards.","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"Compliance with Ethical Requirements whe","sectionType":"division","heading":"Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements","content":"Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\nThe Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) made Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements pursuant to section 227B of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 and section 336 of the Corporations Act 2001, on 16 December 2024.\n\nThis compiled version of ASA 102 incorporates subsequent amendments contained in another Auditing Standard made by the AUASB up to and including 9 July 2025 (see Compilation Details).\n\n## Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\n### Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements\n\n##### Application\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard applies to:\n    1.  an audit of a financial report for a financial year, or an audit or review of a financial report for a half-year, in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001;\n    2.  an audit or review of a financial report, or a complete set of financial statements, for any other purpose;\n    3.  an audit or review of other financial information;\n    4.  other assurance engagements excluding sustainability assurance engagements; and\n    5.  a firm required to comply with ASQM 1 Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Reports and Other Financial Information, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements.\n\n##### Operative Date\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard is operative for financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply. \\[Note: For operative dates of paragraphs changed or added by an Amending Standard, see Compilation Details.\\]\n\n##### Introduction\n\n###### Scope of this Auditing Standard\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard includes a requirement for auditors, assurance practitioners, engagement quality reviewers and firms to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Objective\n\n1.  The objective of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm is to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Definitions\n\n1.  For the purposes of this Auditing Standard, the following terms have the meanings attributed below:\n    1.  Assurance practitioner means assurance practitioner as defined in ASQM 1.\n    2.  Auditor means auditor as defined in ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.\n    3.  Engagement quality reviewer means engagement quality reviewer as defined in ASQM 1.\n    4.  Relevant ethical requirements means ethical requirements that apply to the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm. In Australia, these include the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the Accounting Professional & Ethical Standards Board Limited (APESB) (November 2018 incorporating all amendments to July 2025) (APES 110), the applicable provisions of the Corporations Act 2001 and other applicable law or regulation.\n\n##### Requirements\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. A1-A6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm shall comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n\\* \\* \\*\n\n##### Application and Other Explanatory Material\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. 6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are to have regard to the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the APESB, which are to be taken into account in determining whether relevant ethical requirements referred to in paragraph 6 of this Auditing Standard have been met. In relation to audits and reviews undertaken in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, the provisions of Division 3 Part 2M.4 of the Act may also apply.\n2.  APES 110 establishes the fundamental principles of ethics which are:\n    1.  Integrity;\n    2.  Objectivity;\n    3.  Professional competence and due care;\n    4.  Confidentiality; and\n    5.  Professional behaviour.\n\nThe fundamental principles of ethics establish the standard of behaviour expected of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer, and firm, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n1.  APES 110 provides a conceptual framework that establishes the approach which the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are required to apply when identifying, evaluating and addressing threats to compliance with the fundamental principles.\n2.  In the case of audits, reviews and other assurance engagements, APES 110 sets out Independence Standards, established by the application of the conceptual framework to threats to independence in relation to those engagements.\n3.  APES 110 describes independence as comprising both independence of mind and independence in appearance. Independence safeguards the ability to form an assurance conclusion without being affected by influences that might compromise that conclusion. Independence enhances the ability to act with integrity, to be objective and to maintain an attitude of professional scepticism.\n4.  The definition of terms in APES 110 may differ from the definitions of those terms in AUASB Standards. In complying with the requirements of this Auditing Standard, the definitions used in APES 110 apply in so far as is necessary to interpret the ethical requirements of AUASB Standards.","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"Application","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application","content":"##### Application\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard applies to:\n    1.  an audit of a financial report for a financial year, or an audit or review of a financial report for a half-year, in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001;\n    2.  an audit or review of a financial report, or a complete set of financial statements, for any other purpose;\n    3.  an audit or review of other financial information;\n    4.  other assurance engagements excluding sustainability assurance engagements; and\n    5.  a firm required to comply with ASQM 1 Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Reports and Other Financial Information, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements.","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"Operative Date","sectionType":"section","heading":"Operative Date","content":"##### Operative Date\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard is operative for financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply. \\[Note: For operative dates of paragraphs changed or added by an Amending Standard, see Compilation Details.\\]","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"Introduction","sectionType":"section","heading":"Introduction","content":"Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\nThe Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) made Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements pursuant to section 227B of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 and section 336 of the Corporations Act 2001, on 16 December 2024.\n\nThis compiled version of ASA 102 incorporates subsequent amendments contained in another Auditing Standard made by the AUASB up to and including 9 July 2025 (see Compilation Details).\n\n## Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\n### Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements\n\n##### Application\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard applies to:\n    1.  an audit of a financial report for a financial year, or an audit or review of a financial report for a half-year, in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001;\n    2.  an audit or review of a financial report, or a complete set of financial statements, for any other purpose;\n    3.  an audit or review of other financial information;\n    4.  other assurance engagements excluding sustainability assurance engagements; and\n    5.  a firm required to comply with ASQM 1 Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Reports and Other Financial Information, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements.\n\n##### Operative Date\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard is operative for financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply. \\[Note: For operative dates of paragraphs changed or added by an Amending Standard, see Compilation Details.\\]\n\n##### Introduction\n\n###### Scope of this Auditing Standard\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard includes a requirement for auditors, assurance practitioners, engagement quality reviewers and firms to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Objective\n\n1.  The objective of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm is to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Definitions\n\n1.  For the purposes of this Auditing Standard, the following terms have the meanings attributed below:\n    1.  Assurance practitioner means assurance practitioner as defined in ASQM 1.\n    2.  Auditor means auditor as defined in ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.\n    3.  Engagement quality reviewer means engagement quality reviewer as defined in ASQM 1.\n    4.  Relevant ethical requirements means ethical requirements that apply to the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm. In Australia, these include the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the Accounting Professional & Ethical Standards Board Limited (APESB) (November 2018 incorporating all amendments to July 2025) (APES 110), the applicable provisions of the Corporations Act 2001 and other applicable law or regulation.\n\n##### Requirements\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. A1-A6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm shall comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n\\* \\* \\*\n\n##### Application and Other Explanatory Material\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. 6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are to have regard to the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the APESB, which are to be taken into account in determining whether relevant ethical requirements referred to in paragraph 6 of this Auditing Standard have been met. In relation to audits and reviews undertaken in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, the provisions of Division 3 Part 2M.4 of the Act may also apply.\n2.  APES 110 establishes the fundamental principles of ethics which are:\n    1.  Integrity;\n    2.  Objectivity;\n    3.  Professional competence and due care;\n    4.  Confidentiality; and\n    5.  Professional behaviour.\n\nThe fundamental principles of ethics establish the standard of behaviour expected of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer, and firm, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n1.  APES 110 provides a conceptual framework that establishes the approach which the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are required to apply when identifying, evaluating and addressing threats to compliance with the fundamental principles.\n2.  In the case of audits, reviews and other assurance engagements, APES 110 sets out Independence Standards, established by the application of the conceptual framework to threats to independence in relation to those engagements.\n3.  APES 110 describes independence as comprising both independence of mind and independence in appearance. Independence safeguards the ability to form an assurance conclusion without being affected by influences that might compromise that conclusion. Independence enhances the ability to act with integrity, to be objective and to maintain an attitude of professional scepticism.\n4.  The definition of terms in APES 110 may differ from the definitions of those terms in AUASB Standards. In complying with the requirements of this Auditing Standard, the definitions used in APES 110 apply in so far as is necessary to interpret the ethical requirements of AUASB Standards.","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"Scope of this Auditing Standard","sectionType":"section","heading":"Scope of this Auditing Standard","content":"###### Scope of this Auditing Standard\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard includes a requirement for auditors, assurance practitioners, engagement quality reviewers and firms to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"Objective","sectionType":"section","heading":"Objective","content":"##### Objective\n\n1.  The objective of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm is to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"Definitions","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"##### Definitions\n\n1.  For the purposes of this Auditing Standard, the following terms have the meanings attributed below:\n    1.  Assurance practitioner means assurance practitioner as defined in ASQM 1.\n    2.  Auditor means auditor as defined in ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.\n    3.  Engagement quality reviewer means engagement quality reviewer as defined in ASQM 1.\n    4.  Relevant ethical requirements means ethical requirements that apply to the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm. In Australia, these include the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the Accounting Professional & Ethical Standards Board Limited (APESB) (November 2018 incorporating all amendments to July 2025) (APES 110), the applicable provisions of the Corporations Act 2001 and other applicable law or regulation.","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"Requirements","sectionType":"section","heading":"Requirements","content":"Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\nThe Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) made Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements pursuant to section 227B of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 and section 336 of the Corporations Act 2001, on 16 December 2024.\n\nThis compiled version of ASA 102 incorporates subsequent amendments contained in another Auditing Standard made by the AUASB up to and including 9 July 2025 (see Compilation Details).\n\n## Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\n### Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements\n\n##### Application\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard applies to:\n    1.  an audit of a financial report for a financial year, or an audit or review of a financial report for a half-year, in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001;\n    2.  an audit or review of a financial report, or a complete set of financial statements, for any other purpose;\n    3.  an audit or review of other financial information;\n    4.  other assurance engagements excluding sustainability assurance engagements; and\n    5.  a firm required to comply with ASQM 1 Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Reports and Other Financial Information, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements.\n\n##### Operative Date\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard is operative for financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply. \\[Note: For operative dates of paragraphs changed or added by an Amending Standard, see Compilation Details.\\]\n\n##### Introduction\n\n###### Scope of this Auditing Standard\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard includes a requirement for auditors, assurance practitioners, engagement quality reviewers and firms to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Objective\n\n1.  The objective of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm is to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Definitions\n\n1.  For the purposes of this Auditing Standard, the following terms have the meanings attributed below:\n    1.  Assurance practitioner means assurance practitioner as defined in ASQM 1.\n    2.  Auditor means auditor as defined in ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.\n    3.  Engagement quality reviewer means engagement quality reviewer as defined in ASQM 1.\n    4.  Relevant ethical requirements means ethical requirements that apply to the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm. In Australia, these include the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the Accounting Professional & Ethical Standards Board Limited (APESB) (November 2018 incorporating all amendments to July 2025) (APES 110), the applicable provisions of the Corporations Act 2001 and other applicable law or regulation.\n\n##### Requirements\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. A1-A6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm shall comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n\\* \\* \\*\n\n##### Application and Other Explanatory Material\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. 6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are to have regard to the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the APESB, which are to be taken into account in determining whether relevant ethical requirements referred to in paragraph 6 of this Auditing Standard have been met. In relation to audits and reviews undertaken in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, the provisions of Division 3 Part 2M.4 of the Act may also apply.\n2.  APES 110 establishes the fundamental principles of ethics which are:\n    1.  Integrity;\n    2.  Objectivity;\n    3.  Professional competence and due care;\n    4.  Confidentiality; and\n    5.  Professional behaviour.\n\nThe fundamental principles of ethics establish the standard of behaviour expected of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer, and firm, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n1.  APES 110 provides a conceptual framework that establishes the approach which the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are required to apply when identifying, evaluating and addressing threats to compliance with the fundamental principles.\n2.  In the case of audits, reviews and other assurance engagements, APES 110 sets out Independence Standards, established by the application of the conceptual framework to threats to independence in relation to those engagements.\n3.  APES 110 describes independence as comprising both independence of mind and independence in appearance. Independence safeguards the ability to form an assurance conclusion without being affected by influences that might compromise that conclusion. Independence enhances the ability to act with integrity, to be objective and to maintain an attitude of professional scepticism.\n4.  The definition of terms in APES 110 may differ from the definitions of those terms in AUASB Standards. In complying with the requirements of this Auditing Standard, the definitions used in APES 110 apply in so far as is necessary to interpret the ethical requirements of AUASB Standards.","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"Compliance with Relevant Ethical Require","sectionType":"section","heading":"Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. A1-A6)","content":"###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. A1-A6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm shall comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n\\* \\* \\*","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"Application and Other Explanatory Materi","sectionType":"section","heading":"Application and Other Explanatory Material","content":"Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\nThe Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) made Auditing Standard ASA 102 Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements pursuant to section 227B of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 and section 336 of the Corporations Act 2001, on 16 December 2024.\n\nThis compiled version of ASA 102 incorporates subsequent amendments contained in another Auditing Standard made by the AUASB up to and including 9 July 2025 (see Compilation Details).\n\n## Auditing Standard ASA 102\n\n### Compliance with Ethical Requirements when Performing Audits, Reviews and Other Assurance Engagements\n\n##### Application\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard applies to:\n    1.  an audit of a financial report for a financial year, or an audit or review of a financial report for a half-year, in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001;\n    2.  an audit or review of a financial report, or a complete set of financial statements, for any other purpose;\n    3.  an audit or review of other financial information;\n    4.  other assurance engagements excluding sustainability assurance engagements; and\n    5.  a firm required to comply with ASQM 1 Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits or Reviews of Financial Reports and Other Financial Information, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements.\n\n##### Operative Date\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard is operative for financial reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2025, except that any later effective dates and any transitional provisions in APES 110 (as defined in paragraph 5(d) of this Standard) apply. \\[Note: For operative dates of paragraphs changed or added by an Amending Standard, see Compilation Details.\\]\n\n##### Introduction\n\n###### Scope of this Auditing Standard\n\n1.  This Auditing Standard includes a requirement for auditors, assurance practitioners, engagement quality reviewers and firms to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Objective\n\n1.  The objective of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm is to comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, relating to audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n##### Definitions\n\n1.  For the purposes of this Auditing Standard, the following terms have the meanings attributed below:\n    1.  Assurance practitioner means assurance practitioner as defined in ASQM 1.\n    2.  Auditor means auditor as defined in ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.\n    3.  Engagement quality reviewer means engagement quality reviewer as defined in ASQM 1.\n    4.  Relevant ethical requirements means ethical requirements that apply to the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm. In Australia, these include the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the Accounting Professional & Ethical Standards Board Limited (APESB) (November 2018 incorporating all amendments to July 2025) (APES 110), the applicable provisions of the Corporations Act 2001 and other applicable law or regulation.\n\n##### Requirements\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. A1-A6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm shall comply with relevant ethical requirements, including those pertaining to independence, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n\\* \\* \\*\n\n##### Application and Other Explanatory Material\n\n###### Compliance with Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: Para. 6)\n\n1.  The auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are to have regard to the applicable requirements of APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including Independence Standards), issued by the APESB, which are to be taken into account in determining whether relevant ethical requirements referred to in paragraph 6 of this Auditing Standard have been met. In relation to audits and reviews undertaken in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, the provisions of Division 3 Part 2M.4 of the Act may also apply.\n2.  APES 110 establishes the fundamental principles of ethics which are:\n    1.  Integrity;\n    2.  Objectivity;\n    3.  Professional competence and due care;\n    4.  Confidentiality; and\n    5.  Professional behaviour.\n\nThe fundamental principles of ethics establish the standard of behaviour expected of the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer, and firm, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements.\n\n1.  APES 110 provides a conceptual framework that establishes the approach which the auditor, assurance practitioner, engagement quality reviewer and firm are required to apply when identifying, evaluating and addressing threats to compliance with the fundamental principles.\n2.  In the case of audits, reviews and other assurance engagements, APES 110 sets out Independence Standards, established by the application of the conceptual framework to threats to independence in relation to those engagements.\n3.  APES 110 describes independence as comprising both independence of mind and independence in appearance. Independence safeguards the ability to form an assurance conclusion without being affected by influences that might compromise that conclusion. Independence enhances the ability to act with integrity, to be objective and to maintain an attitude of professional scepticism.\n4.  The definition of terms in APES 110 may differ from the definitions of those terms in AUASB Standards. In complying with the requirements of this Auditing Standard, the definitions used in APES 110 apply in so far as is necessary to interpret the ethical requirements of AUASB Standards.","sortOrder":21}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This is a foundational/umbrella standard that has maintained its narrow, specific purpose since inception. It serves as a 'hook' to incorporate external ethical requirements (APES 110) into the Australian Auditing Standards framework. The amendments shown (AUASB 2025-5 and AUASB 2025-7) are minor technical updates to paragraph 2 (operative date) and paragraph 5(d) (definition of relevant ethical requirements) to align with changes in APES 110, rather than expansion of scope. The standard remains focused solely on mandating ethical compliance without adding substantive new obligations."},"complexity_factors":["Very short document (only 6 substantive paragraphs plus application guidance)","Single operative requirement in paragraph 6","4 defined terms, all referencing external standards (ASQM 1, ASA 200, APES 110)","Heavy reliance on external documents - the actual ethical requirements are contained in APES 110 and the Corporations Act, not in this standard itself","Simple structure: Application → Operative Date → Scope → Objective → Definitions → Requirements → Guidance","No nested exceptions or conditional logic beyond the operative date qualification","Cross-references to multiple external standards (ASA 101, ASA 200, ASQM 1, APES 110, Corporations Act) but these are straightforward citations rather than complex integration"],"plain_english_summary":"This short rule requires auditors, assurance practitioners, engagement quality reviewers and accounting firms to comply with ethical requirements—especially independence—when performing audits, reviews or assurance on financial reports under Australian law. It incorporates APES 110 and the Corporations Act 2001.\n\nBy enforcing integrity, objectivity and professional scepticism, the rule helps ensure audit opinions are unbiased and reliable, protecting investors, creditors and the public."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Amendments compiled to 9 July 2025 update references and operative details (notably paragraphs 2 and 5(d) in the Table of Amendments) and clarify interaction with APES 110, but they do not expand the Standard's stated applicability. The core scope—requiring compliance with relevant ethical requirements for audits, reviews and other assurance engagements—remains unchanged (Application; Requirements para 6)."},"complexity_factors":["Short, single prescriptive requirement (para 6) but heavy interpretive reliance on an external ethics code (APES 110) for implementation (Definitions para 5(d); Application and A1‑A6).","Multiple cross‑references to other AUASB standards and legislation (ASQM 1, ASA 200, ASA 101 and the Corporations Act) that practitioners must read together (Authority Statement; Application; Definitions).","Compilation and amendment history requires tracking effective dates and transitional provisions across standards (Compilation Details; Table of Amendments; Operative Date para 2).","Definitions depend on external standards' terminology, creating potential divergence in meaning and the need to resolve differences in practice (Definitions para 5; Application and Other Explanatory Material A6).","Practical compliance requires firm‑level systems and individual judgements (engagement acceptance, independence safeguards and documentation), increasing operational and documentation burden despite the Standard's brevity (Objective; Application and A1‑A6)."],"plain_english_summary":"This Auditing Standard requires auditors, assurance practitioners, engagement quality reviewers and firms to comply with applicable ethical requirements, including independence, when performing audits, reviews and other assurance engagements. It applies to audits and reviews under the Corporations Act and to other assurance engagements, and points practitioners to APES 110 and related AUASB standards; the duty to comply falls on firms and individuals and will affect engagement acceptance, documentation and conflict‑of‑interest handling."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/f2024l01719","history":"/api/acts/f2024l01719/history","analysis":"/api/acts/f2024l01719/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/f2024l01719/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/f2024l01719/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/f2024l01719/documents"}}