{"id":"F2008L03785","name":"Banking (Foreign Exchange) Regulations 1959 - Direction Relating to Foreign Currency Transactions and to Iran (13/10/2008)","slug":"f2008l03785","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"repealed","isInForce":false,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":326622,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2008L03785-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-08","status":"Repealed","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Banking (Foreign Exchange) Regulations 1959 - Direction Relating to Foreign Currency Transactions and to Iran (13/10/2008)","content":"![](image.001.png)\n\nDirection relating to foreign currency transactions and to Iran (13/10/2008)\n\nas amended\n\nmade under regulation 5 of the\n\nBanking (Foreign Exchange) Regulations 1959\n\nThis compilation was prepared on 25 August 2010 \ntaking into account amendments up to Direction relating to foreign currency transactions and to Iran – Amendment to the Annex and \nVariation of Exemptions – Amendment to the Annexes (18/08/2010)\n\nPrepared by the Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing, \nAttorney-General’s Department, Canberra\n\nBanking (Foreign Exchange) Regulations 1959\n\nDirection relating to foreign currency transactions and to Iran\n\nThe Reserve Bank of Australia, pursuant to regulation 5 of the Banking (Foreign Exchange) Regulations 1959, hereby directs that:\n\n1. a person must not, either on the person’s own behalf or on behalf of another person, buy, borrow, sell, lend or exchange foreign currency in Australia, or otherwise deal with foreign currency in any other way in Australia;\n2. a resident, or a person acting on behalf of a resident, must not buy, borrow, sell, lend or exchange foreign currency outside Australia, or otherwise deal with foreign currency in any other way outside Australia;\n3. a person must not be a party to a transaction, being a transaction that takes place in whole or in part in Australia or to which a resident is a party, that has the effect of, or involves, a purchase, borrowing, sale, loan or exchange of foreign currency, or otherwise relates to foreign currency\n\nwhere the transaction relates to property, securities or funds owned or controlled directly or indirectly by, or otherwise relates to payments directly or indirectly to, or for the benefit of any person or entity listed in the Annex to this direction.\n\nThe Annex to this direction may be amended from time to time. Any such amendment shall be taken as being part of this direction as from the date specified in the amendment.\n\nThis instrument comes into operation on 15 October 2008.\n\nANNEX\n\nIRAN\n\nThis is the Annex referred to in the direction dated 13 October 2008, pursuant to Regulation 5 of the Banking (Foreign Exchange) Regulations 1959.\n\n| PERSON/ENTITY | DESCRIPTION |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Arian Banka.k.a. Aryan Bank | House 2, Street Number 13, Wazir Akbar Khan, Kabul, Afghanistan |\n| Assa Corporation | ASSA CORP, 650 (or 500) Fifth Avenue, New York USA; Tax ID No 1368932 (United States) |\n| Assa Corporation Limited | 6 Britannia Place, Bath Street, St Helier JE2 4SU, Jersey Channel Islands |\n| Banco Internacional De Desarrollo CA | Urb. El Rosal, Avenida Francesco de Miranda, Edificio Dozsa, Piso 8, Caracas CP 1060, Venezuela |\n| Bank Kargoshaeea.k.a. Kargosai Bank | 587 Mohammadiye Square, Mowlavi St, Tehran 11986, Iran |\n| Bank Mellat | |\n| Mellat Bank SB CJSC | PO Box 24, Yerevan 0010, Republic of Armenia |\n| DAVANDARI, Ali | Chairman of Bank Mellat |\n| Bank Melli | |\n| Bank Melli Iran Investment Company (BMIIC) | No 2, Nader Alley, Vali-Asr Street, Tehran, Iran PO Box 3898-15875; Bldg 2, Nader Alley after Behesi Forked Road, PO Box 15875-3898, Tehran, Iran 15116; Rafiee Alley, Nader Alley, 2 After Serahi Shahid Beheshti, Vali E Asr Ave Tehran; Business Registration Number: 89584 |\n| Bank Melli Iran Zao | Number 9/1, Ulitsa Mashkova, Moscow 103064, Russia |\n| Melli Bank PLC | 1 London Wall, London EC2Y 5EA, United Kingdom |\n| Bank Melli Printing and Publishing Company (BMPPC) | 18th Km Karaj Special Road, Tehran, Iran, PO Box 37515-183; Km 16 Karaj Special Road, Tehran, Iran; Business Registration Number: 382231 |\n| Bank Refaha.k.a. Bank Refah Kargaran | 40 North Shiraz Street, Mollasadra, Tehran, Iran |\n| Bank Saderat | |\n| Cement Investment and Development Company (CIDCO)a.k.a. Cement Industry Investment and Development Company, CIDCO or CIDCO Cement Holding | No 241, Mirdamad Street, Tehran, Iran |\n| Export Development Bank of Iran (EDBI) | Export Development Building, Next to the 15th Alley, Bokharest Street, Argentina Square, Tehran, Iran; Tose’e Tower, Corner of 15th St, Ahmad Qasir Ave, Argentine Square, Tehran, Iran; No 129, 21’s Khaled Eslamboli, No 1 Building, Tehran, Iran CR No 86936 |\n| EDBI Exchange Company | Tose’e Tower, Corner of 15th St, Ahmad Qasir Ave, Argentine Square, Tehran, Iran |\n| EDBI Stock Brokerage Company | Tose’e Tower, Corner of 15th St, Ahmad Qasir Ave, Argentine Square, Tehran, Iran |\n| Etemad Amin Investment Company Mobina.k.a. Etemad-e Mobin | Pasdaran Ave Tehran, Iran |\n| First Persian Equity Fund | Walker House, 87 Mary Street, George Town, Grand Cayman, KY1-9002, Cayman Islands; Clifton House, 7z5 Fort Street, PO Box 190, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands; Rafi Alley, Vali Asr Avenue, Nader Alley, Tehran 15116, Iran, PO Box 15875-3898 |\n| Future Bank BSC | Block 304, City Centre Building, Building 199, Government Avenue, Road 383, Manama, Bahrain; PO Box 785, City Centre Building Avenue, Manama Bahrain, and all branches worldwide; Business Registration Document: 545414-1 (Bahrain) expires 9 June 2009; License No: 13388 (Bahrain) |\n| Iran Insurance Company (IIC) | PO Box 14155-6363, 107 Fatemi Ave, Tehran, Iran |\n| Mazandaran Cement | Africa Street, Sattari Street No 40, PO Box 121, Tehran, Iran 19688; 40 Satari Ave, Afrigha Highway, PO Box 19688, Tehran, Iran |\n| Mazandaran Textile Company | Kendovan Alley 5, Vila Street, Enghelab Ave, PO Box 11365-9513, Tehran, Iran 11318; 28 Candovan Cooy Enghelab Ave, PO Box 11318, Tehran, Iran; Sari Ave, Ghaemshahr, Iran |\n| Mehr Cayman Ltd | Cayman Islands; Commercial Registry Number 188926 (Cayman Islands) |\n| Melli Investment Holding International | 514 Business Ave Building, Deira PO Box 181878, Dubai, UAE; Registration Certificate Number (Dubai) 0107 issued 30 Nov 2005 |\n| Melli Agrochemical Company PJS (MAC)a.k.a. Melli Shimi Keshavarz, Keshavarz Chemical Plant and Abyek Chemical Plant | Mola Sadra Street, 215 Khordad, Sadr Alley No 13, Vanak Square, PO Box 15875-1734, Tehran, Iran |\n| Persia International Bank PLC (PIB) | Number 6 Lothbury EC2R 7HH, United Kingdom |\n| Post Bank | 237, Motahari Ave, Tehran, Iran 1587618118 |\n| Shomal Cement Companya.k.a. Siman Shomal | Dr Beheshti Ave, No 289, Tehran, Iran 151446; 289 Shahid Baheshti Ave, PO Box 15146, Tehran, Iran |\n| Sina Bank | 187 Avenue Motahari, Tehran Iran |\n| Bushehr Shipping Company Limited | No 37, Aseman Tower, Sayyade Shirazee Square, Pasdaran Ave, PO Box 19395-1311, Tehran, Iran; No 37 Corner of 7th Narenjestan, Sayad Shirazi Square, after Noboyand Square, Pasdaran Ave, Tehran, Iran |\n| CISCO Shipping Company Ltda.k.a. IRISL Korea Ltd | Has offices in Seoul and Busan, South Korea |\n| Hafize Darya Shipping Lines (HDSL)a.k.a. HDS Lines | No 60, Ehteshamiyeh Square, 7th Neyestan St, Pasdaran Ave, Tehran, Iran; Third Floor of IRISL’s Aseman Tower |\n| Hanseatic Trade and Trust Shipping GmbH | Schottweg 7, 22087 Hamburg, Germany; Opp 7th Alley, Zarafshan St, Eivanak St, Qods Township, HTTS GmbH |\n| Iran Khodro Company | 14th kilometre, Karaj Road, Tehran 11365-1313 Iran |\n| Irano Misr Shipping Company | No 41, 3rd Floor, Corner of 6th Alley, Suanei Street, Karim Khan Zand Ave, Tehran; 265, next to Mehrshad, Sedaghat St, Opposite of Mellat Park, Vali Asr Ave, Tehran 1A001, Iran; 18 Mehrshad Street, Sadaghat St, Opposite of Mellat Park, Vali Asr Ave, Tehran 1A001, Iran |\n| Irinvestship Ltd | Global House 61, Petty France, London SQ1H 9EU, United Kingdom; Business Registration Document No 4110179 (United Kingdom) |\n| ISI Maritime Limited | 147/1 St Lucia Street, Valetta, Vlt 1185, Malta c/o IranoHind Shipping Co Ltd, Mehrshad Street, PO Box 15875, Tehran Iran |\n| Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Line (IRISL)a.k.a. Arya Shipping Company, IRI Shipping Lines, and IRISL Group | |\n| IRISL Club | No 60, Ehteshamiyeh Square, 7th Neyestan Street, Pasdaran Ave, Tehran |\n| IRISL Europe (GmbH) | Schottweg 5, 22087 Hamburg, Germany VAT Number DE217283818 (Germany) |\n| IRISL (Malta) Ltd | Flat 1, 181 Tower Road, Sliema SLM 1605, Malta |\n| IRISL Marine Services and Engineering Company | Sarbandar Gas Station PO Box 199, Bandar Imam Khomeini, Iran; Karim Khan Zand Ave, Iran Shahr Shomai, No 221, Tehran, Iran; No 221, Northern Iranshahr Street, Karim Khan Ave, Tehran, Iran |\n| IRISL Multimodal Transport Company | No 25, Shahid Arabi Line, Sanaei St, Karim Khan Zand St, Tehran, Iran |\n| IRISL (UK) Ltd | Business Registration Document No 4765305; 2 Abbey Rd, Baring Essex, IG11 7AX, United Kingdom; IRISL (UK) Ltd, Walton Ave, Felixstowe, Suffolk IP11 3HG, United Kingdom |\n| IRITAL Shipping SRL (IRITAL) | Commercial Registry Number: GE 426505 (Italy); Italian Fiscal Code: 03329300101 (Italy); VAT Number: 12869140157 (Italy) Ponte Francesco Morosini 59, 16126 Genova (GE), Italy |\n| Khazar Shipping Linesa.k.a. Khazer Shipping Lines, Khazar Sea Shipping Lines | No 1, End of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini St, Tohid Square, PO Box 43145, Bandar Anzali 1711-324, Iran; M Khomeini St, Ghazian, Bandar Azali, Gilan, Iran |\n| Leadmarinea.k.a. Asia Marine Network Pte Ltd, IRISL Asia Pte Ltd | 200 Middle Road #14-01 Prime Centre Singapore 188980 (alt 199090) |\n| Marble Shipping Limited | 143/1 Tower Road, Sliema, Slm 1604, Malta |\n| Oasis Freight Agenciesa.k.a. Pacific Shipping Company | Al Meena Street, Opposite Dubai Ports and Customs, 2nd Floor, Sharaf Building, Dubai UAE; Sharaf Building, 1st Floor, Al Mankhool St, Bur Dubai PO Box 5562, Dubai UAE; No 4, 2nd Floor, Al Meena Rd, Opposite Customs, Dubai, UAE, Kayed Ahli Building, Jamal Abdul Nasser Road (Parallel to Al Wahda St) PO Box 4840, Sharjah UAE |\n| Saipa Company | 15th kilometre, Karaj Special Road, Tehran |\n| Safiran Payam Darya Shipping Lines (SAPID) | 33 8th Narenjestan St, Artesh Street, PO Box 19635-1116, Tehran, Iran; Third Floor of IRISL’s Aseman Tower |\n| Santexlinesa.k.a IRISL China Shipping Company, Yi Hang Shipping Company | Suite 1501, Shanghai Zhongrong Plaza 1088, Pudong (S) road, Shanghai 2000122, Shanghai, China; F23A-D, Times Plaza No 1, Taizi Road, Shekou, Shenzen 518067, China |\n| Seibow Limited | Room 803, 8/F Future Plaza, 111 How Kimg St, Kwon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Incorporation Number: 926320 |\n| Seibow Logistics | Room 803, 8/F Future Plaza, 111 How Kimg St, Kwon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Incorporation Number: 1218675 |\n| Shipping Computer Services Company | No 37 Asseman Shahid Sayyad Shirazee Square, Pasdaran Ave, PO Box 1587553 1351, Tehran, Iran; No 13, 1st Floor, Abgan Alley, Aban Ave, Karimkhan Zand Blvd, Tehran 15976, Iran |\n| Soroush Sarmin Asatir (SSA)a.k.a. Soroush Sarzamin Asatir Ship Management Company | No 14 (or 5) Shabnam Alley, Fajr Street, Shahid Motahhari Ave, PO Box 196365-1114, Tehran, Iran |\n| South Way Shipping Agency Co Ltd. | No 101, Shabnam Alley, Ghaem Magham Street, Tehran, Iran |\n| Valfajr 8th Shipping Line Coa.k.a. Valfajr | Abyar Alley, Corner of Shahid Azodi St and Karim Khan Zand Ave, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Azodi St, Karim Khan Zand Ave, Abiar Alley PO Box 4155, Tehran Iran |\n| Kala Nafta.k.a. Kala Naft Tehran Branch,Kala Naft Kish Branch | Tehran address: Sepahbod Gharani Avenue, PO Box: 15815/1775, 15815/3446, TehranLondon address: NIOC House, 4 Victoria Street, London SW1 0NE, England |\n| Amir Kabir University (AKU) | |\n| Armed Forces Geographical Organisation | |\n| Arya Niroo Nik | Suite 5 – 11th Floor, Nahid Building, Shahnazari Street – Mohseni Square, Tehran |\n| Azarab Industries | Ferdowsi Ave, PO BOX 11365-171, Tehran, Iran |\n| Rear Admiral Ali FADAVI | |\n| Fajr Aviation Composite Industries (FACI) | Mehrabad Airport, PO Box 13445-885, Tehran, Iran |\n| Parviz FATAHa.k.a. Parviz FATTAH | Iranian Energy Minister.Born in 1961 |\n| Fulmen | 167 Darya Boulevarde, Sharak e-Qods, 14669 – 8356 Tehran, Iran |\n| Imam Hossein University (IHU) | |\n| Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO) | |\n| Iran Aircraft Industries (IACI) | |\n| Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Companya.k.a. HESA, HESA Trade Center, HTC, IAMCO, IAMI, Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries, Karkhanejate Sanaye Havapaymaie Iran, Hava Peyma Sazi-e Iran, Havapeyma Sazhran, Havapeyma Sazi Iran, Hevapeimasazi | PO Box 83145-311, 28 km Esfahan – Tehran Freeway, Shahin Shahr, Esfahan, Iran; PO Box 14155-5568, No 27 Ahahamat Ave, Vallie Asr Square, Tehran 15946, Iran; PO Box 81465-935, Esfahan, Iran; Shahih Shar Industrial Zone, Isfahan, Iran, PO Box 8140, No 107, Sepahbod Gharany Ave, Tehran, Iran |\n| Iran Communications Industries (ICI) | PO Box 19295-4731, Pasdaran Ave, Tehran, Iran; PO Box 19575-131, 34 Apadana Ave, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Langary Street, Nobonyad Square Ave, Pasdaran, Tehran |\n| Iranian Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO) | 107 Sepahbod Gharani Ave, Tehran, Iran |\n| Isfahan Optics Industries | PO Box 81465-117, Isfahan, Iran |\n| Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) | Tehran, Iran |\n| IRGC Brigadier-General Ali HOSEYNITASH | Former Deputy Secretary, Supreme National Security Council. |\n| Mohammad Ali JAFARI, IRGC | Commander, Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). |\n| JALALI FARAHANI, Gholam Reza | IRGC Brigadier General and Head of the Passive Defense Organization |\n| Javedan Mehr Toos (JMT) | |\n| Khatem-ol Anbiya Construction Organisation | |\n| IRGC General Rostam Qasemi | Commander of Khatem ol-Anbiya Construction Organisation |\n| Machine Sazi Arak (MSA) | 4th km Tehran Road, PO Box 148, Arak, Iran |\n| Fereydoun MAHMOUDIAN | Born 07/11/1943 in IranPassport no 05HK31387Issued 01/01/2002 |\n| Malek Ashtar University | |\n| Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL) | |\n| IRGC Brigadier-General Mostafa Mohammad NAJJAR | Minister of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics. |\n| IRGC Brigadier-General Ahmad VAHIDI | Deputy Minister of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics. |\n| IRGC Brigadier-General Javad DARVISH-VAND | Deputy for Inspection, MODAFL. |\n| Mojtaba HAERI | Deputy for Industry, MODAFL. |\n| Rear Admiral Mohammad Shafi’I RUDSARI | Deputy for Coordination Affairs, MODAFL. |\n| Brigadier-General Beik MOHAMMADLU | Deputy, MODAFL. |\n| IRGC Brigadier-General Ali SHAMSHIRI | Senior Official, MODAFL. |\n| Iran Electronic Industries (IEI) | IEI is a wholly owned subsidiary of MODAFL. |\n| Ebrahim MAHMUDZADEH (also Mahmoudzedeh) | Managing Director, IEI. |\n| Ministry of Defence Logistics Export (MODLEX) | |\n| Mohammad MOKHBER | |\n| Brigadier-General Mohammad NADERI | Head, Aerospace Industries Organisation (AIO). AIO includes Shahid Hemmat Industries Group (SHIG) and Shahid Bakeri Industries Group (SBIG); both of these groups were designated under UNSCR 1737 (2006). |\n| Naserin Vahid | |\n| Neda Industrial Group | |\n| Brigadier-General Mohammad PAKPUR | |\n| Parto Sanat/Yekan Parto | No 1281 Valiasr Ave, Next to 14th St, Tehran, Iran |\n| Passive Defense Organization (PDO)a.k.a. Permanent Committee for Passive Defense | |\n| SABBAGHZADEH, Jamshid | Official and researcher at Paya Partov Laser Research Centre |\n| Brigadier-General Hossein SALAMI | |\n| Shahid Ahmad Kazemi Industrial Group (SAKIG) | |\n| Shahid Beheshti University (SBU) | |\n| Shakhese Behbud Sanata.k.a. Shakhes Behbood Sanaat | |\n| State Purchasing Organisation (SPO) | |\n| Technology Cooperation Office (TCO) of the Iranian President’s Office | Tehran, Iran |\n\n> Notes to the Direction relating to foreign currency transactions and to Iran (13/10/2008)\n\n> Note 1\n\n> Note: The Direction relating to foreign currency transactions and to Iran (13/10/2008) (in force under regulation 5 of the Banking (Foreign Exchange) Regulations 1959) as shown in this compilation is amended as indicated in the Tables below.\n\n> Note: > Note: Table of Instruments\n\n| Title | Date of FRLI registration/notification in Gazette | Date ofcommencement | Application, saving ortransitional provisions |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |\n| Direction relating to foreign currency transactions and to Iran (13/10/2008) | 15 Oct 2008 (see F2008L03785)15 Oct 2008 (see Gazette 2008, No. S200) | 15 Oct 2008 | |\n| Direction relating to foreign currency transactions and to Iran – Amendment to the Annex and Variation of Exemptions – Amendment to the Annexes (14/07/2010) | 19 July 2010 (see F2010L02046)21 July 2010 (see Gazette 2010, No. GN28) | 21 July 2010 | — |\n| Direction relating to foreign currency transactions and to Iran – Amendment to the Annex and Variation of Exemptions – Amendment to the Annexes (18/08/2010) | 24 Aug 2010 (see F2010L02342)25 Aug 2010 (see Gazette 2010, No. GN33) | 25 Aug 2010 | — |\n\n> Note: > Note: Table of Amendments\n\n```html\n

ad. = added or inserted am. = amended rep. = repealed rs. = repealed and substituted

Provision affected

How affected

Annex.......................

rs. F2010L02046; F2010L02342

\n```","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The core prohibitions (clauses 1–3) remain the instrument’s operative scope, but the list of designated persons and entities in the Annex has been altered by later amendments. The compilation and Notes/Table of Instruments record amendments to the Annex with commencements in July and August 2010, so the universe of covered persons changed by update to the Annex rather than by changing the direction’s prohibitory text (Annex paragraph; Notes/Table of Instruments)."},"complexity_factors":["Broad, plain-language prohibitions that apply to many forms of dealing in foreign currency (clauses 1–3): increases interpretive complexity.","Extra-territorial reach over residents and transactions that take place partly outside Australia (clause 2 and clause 3): expands the set of covered transactions.","Annex contains a long, specific list of persons and entities (Annex): operational burden to screen and match counterparties and beneficial owners.","Annex amendment mechanism (Annex paragraph and Notes/Table of Instruments): dynamic scope requiring ongoing monitoring for updates.","Use of broad terms such as “relates to”, “has the effect of”, and “otherwise relates to foreign currency” (clause 3): legal uncertainty about borderline or structured transactions.","No enforcement, penalty, or procedural details within the direction text itself: practical uncertainty about evidence, record-keeping and remedial processes."],"plain_english_summary":"## What this instrument does, in plain terms\n\nThis direction, made by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) under regulation 5 of the Banking (Foreign Exchange) Regulations 1959, prohibits certain dealings in foreign currency where the transaction involves any person or entity named in the Annex (which is a long list of Iranian persons, companies, government bodies and shipping concerns). The direction operates from 15 October 2008 (see operation clause).\n\nMechanically it does three things (clauses cited):\n- Clause 1: It forbids any person in Australia from buying, borrowing, selling, lending, exchanging or otherwise dealing in foreign currency in Australia on their own behalf or for someone else when the transaction relates to a listed Annex person.\n- Clause 2: It forbids a resident of Australia (or someone acting for a resident) from carrying out those same foreign-currency dealings outside Australia when the transaction relates to a listed Annex person.\n- Clause 3: It forbids being a party to a transaction (that takes place in whole or in part in Australia, or to which a resident is a party) that has the effect of, or involves, a foreign-currency purchase/borrowing/sale/loan/exchange or otherwise relates to foreign currency, where that transaction relates to property, securities, funds owned or controlled by, or payments to or for the benefit of, any Annex person.\n\nThe Annex lists named Iranian persons and entities (the Annex itself is reproduced in the instrument). The Annex may be amended from time to time; any amendment becomes part of the direction from the date specified in the amendment (see Annex and Notes/Table of Instruments showing later amendments).\n\n## Who is affected and who decides\n- Who decides: The Reserve Bank of Australia made the direction under its regulation 5 authority (opening paragraph). The Annex may be updated by amendment (paragraph about the Annex).\n- Who is directly restricted: any person in Australia (clause 1) and Australian residents or persons acting for them (clause 2) are legally prohibited from the specified foreign-currency dealings when the dealings relate to anyone named in the Annex. Clause 3 extends the rule to any person who is party to a transaction occurring in whole or part in Australia, or to which a resident is a party, where the transaction involves foreign currency connected to Annex persons.\n\n## How it matters mechanically (costs, incentives, trade-offs, implementation points)\n- Restriction on contract freedom: Businesses and individuals in Australia lose the freedom to enter into foreign-currency transactions that relate to any Annex-listed person or entity (clauses 1–3). Financial institutions that provide FX services must not carry out covered transactions with those listed parties.\n- Who pays: The immediate economic cost falls on the parties that would otherwise transact in foreign currency with Annex persons — that includes the listed parties (loss of access to Australian FX flows) and Australian residents/companies and financial intermediaries (loss of commercial opportunities or additional compliance costs) (clauses 1–3, Annex).\n- Compliance burden: The direction requires counterparties and intermediaries to identify whether a transaction “relates to” an Annex person. That requires screening of counterparties, beneficial owners, underlying beneficiaries and the subject matter of transactions against the Annex list (clauses 1–3; Annex). The direction does not set out operational enforcement or recordkeeping procedures in this text.\n- Extra-territorial reach: Clause 2 explicitly reaches residents acting outside Australia; clause 3 covers transactions taking place in whole or in part in Australia or to which a resident is a party. These provisions extend compliance obligations beyond purely domestic transactions (clauses 2–3).\n- Discretion and update mechanism: The Annex may be amended; the direction provides that any amendment is taken as part of the direction from the date specified in the amendment. That gives the RBA a mechanism to add or remove names without reissuing the entire direction (Annex paragraph).\n- Uncertainty and operational risk: The direction uses broad language such as transactions that “relate to” listed persons and transactions that “have the effect of, or involve” foreign-currency dealings (clause 3). That breadth creates room for uncertainty about whether a complex or layered transaction is captured, which increases the need for legal/compliance analysis by affected parties (clause 3).\n- Possible substitution effects: Because the prohibition targets foreign-currency dealings involving listed parties, those parties or their counterparties may attempt to route payments or agreements through jurisdictions, instruments, or contractual forms not denominated in foreign currency or outside the formal FX channels covered by the direction. The instrument itself does not describe enforcement techniques or controls to prevent such substitution (clauses 1–3; Annex).\n\n## Limited official statements and legal footing\n- The instrument is presented as a direction under regulation 5 of the Banking (Foreign Exchange) Regulations 1959 and comes into operation on 15 October 2008 (opening paragraph; operation clause).\n- The Annex is the operative list of designated persons and was subject to later amendments (see Notes/Table of Instruments entries showing amendments in 2010). Any amendment to the Annex becomes part of the direction from the date specified in that amendment (Annex paragraph).\n\n## Net effect in mechanical terms\n- The direction blocks specified foreign-currency dealings by Australian persons and residents (and transactions touching Australia) when those dealings relate to named Annex persons. The RBA controls the list through the Annex and can update it by amendment; affected private parties must screen, refuse or restructure transactions that would fall within the prohibitions (clauses 1–3; Annex)."},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"model":"kimi-k2.5","source":"moonshot-realtime","completionTokens":2276},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The instrument maintains its original purpose of restricting foreign currency transactions involving Iranian entities. Amendments have been limited to updating the Annex (entity list), which is explicitly authorised by the instrument's built-in amendment mechanism."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive Annex containing over 100 designated entities with multiple aliases, addresses, and registration numbers","Extraterritorial application restricting Australian residents' conduct overseas","Broad prohibition language covering any 'dealing' with foreign currency","Self-amending mechanism allowing the Annex to be updated dynamically"],"plain_english_summary":"## What this does\n\nThis **Direction** issued by the Reserve Bank of Australia imposes financial restrictions on foreign currency transactions involving specific Iranian individuals, banks, companies, and government entities.\n\n### Who is restricted\n\nThe rules target anyone listed in the **Annex**, which includes:\n* Iranian state banks (e.g., Bank Melli, Bank Mellat, Bank Saderat)\n* Shipping companies (including the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Line and its front companies)\n* Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) officials and defence organisations\n* Individuals holding senior positions in Iran's defence and energy sectors\n\n### What is prohibited\n\nThe Direction bans three types of activities:\n1. **Inside Australia**: Buying, selling, borrowing, lending, or exchanging foreign currency (or any other dealing with foreign currency) if the transaction involves property, securities, or funds owned by a listed entity, or payments to their benefit.\n2. **Outside Australia**: Australian residents (or people acting on their behalf) cannot conduct these foreign currency dealings overseas if they involve listed entities.\n3. **Any transaction with an Australian connection**: Being a party to any transaction that takes place partly in Australia or involves an Australian resident, if that transaction effectively moves foreign currency to or for the benefit of a listed entity.\n\n### Key points\n\n* The Reserve Bank can update the list of targeted entities by amending the Annex without replacing the entire Direction.\n* The restrictions are broad—they cover any foreign currency dealing, not just large commercial transactions.\n* This is part of Australia's implementation of international sanctions targeting Iran's nuclear and missile programs."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/f2008l03785","history":"/api/acts/f2008l03785/history","analysis":"/api/acts/f2008l03785/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/f2008l03785/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/f2008l03785/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/f2008l03785/documents"}}