{"id":"F2000B00332","name":"Extradition (Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel) Regulations 2000","slug":"extradition-safety-of-united-nations-and-associated-personnel-regulations-2000","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"308 of 2000","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":30918,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2000B00332-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-01","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Extradition (Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel) Regulations 2000","content":"![](image.001.png)\n\nExtradition (Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel) Regulations 2000\n\nStatutory Rules 2000 No. 308 as amended\n\nmade under the\n\nExtradition Act 1988\n\nThis compilation was prepared on 14 October 2009  \ntaking into account amendments up to SLI 2009 No. 264\n\nPrepared by the Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing,  \nAttorney-General’s Department, Canberra\n\nContents\n\n1 Name of Regulations \\[see Note 1\\]\n\n2 Commencement \\[see Note 1\\]\n\n3 Definitions\n\n4 Extradition countries\n\n5 Application of the Act\n\nSchedule 1 Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel\n\nNotes\n\n1 Name of Regulations \\[see Note 1\\]\n\nThese Regulations are the Extradition (Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel) Regulations 2000.\n\n2 Commencement \\[see Note 1\\]\n\nThese Regulations commence on the commencement of the Criminal Code Amendment (United Nations and Associated Personnel) Act 2000.\n\n3 Definitions\n\n> Act means the Extradition Act 1988.\n\n> Convention means the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, done at New York on 9 December 1994, a copy of the English text of which is set out in Schedule 1.\n\n4 Extradition countries\n\nFor the definition of extradition country in section 5 of the Act, a country, or a colony, territory or protectorate of a country, for which the Convention is in force is an extradition country.\n\n> Note 1 For when the Convention enters into force for a State, see Article 27 of the Convention in Schedule 1.\n\n> Note 2 The countries for which the Convention is currently in force are listed on the United Nations website at http://www.un.org.\n\n5 Application of the Act\n\nThe Act applies, subject to the Convention, to an extradition country mentioned in regulation 4.\n\nSchedule 1 Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel\n\n(regulation 3)\n\nTHE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION,\n\nDEEPLY CONCERNED over the growing number of deaths and injuries resulting from deliberate attacks against United Nations and associated personnel,\n\nBEARING IN MIND that attacks against, or other mistreatment of, personnel who act on behalf of the United Nations are unjustifiable and unacceptable, by whomsoever committed,\n\nRECOGNIZING that United Nations operations are conducted in the common interest of the international community and in accordance with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations,\n\nACKNOWLEDGING the important contribution that United Nations and associated personnel make in respect of United Nations efforts in the fields of preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping, peace‑building and humanitarian and other operations,\n\nCONSCIOUS of the existing arrangements for ensuring the safety of United Nations and associated personnel, including the steps taken by the principle organs of the United Nations, in this regard,\n\nRECOGNIZING none the less that existing measures of protection for United Nations and associated personnel are inadequate,\n\nACKNOWLEDGING that the effectiveness and safety of United Nations operations are enhanced where such operations are conducted with the consent and cooperation of the host State,\n\nAPPEALING to all States in which United Nations and associated personnel are deployed and to all others on whom such personnel may rely, to provide comprehensive support aimed at facilitating the conduct and fulfilling the mandate of United Nations operations,\n\nCONVINCED that there is an urgent need to adopt appropriate and effective measures for the prevention of attacks committed against United Nations and associated personnel and for the punishment of those who have committed such attacks,\n\nHAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:\n\nArticle 1\n\nDefinitions\n\nFor the purposes of this Convention:\n\n(a) ‘United Nations personnel’ means:\n\n(i) Persons engaged or deployed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations as members of the military, police or civilian components of a United Nations operation;\n\n(ii) Other officials and experts on mission of the United Nations or its specialized agencies or the International Atomic Energy Agency who are present in an official capacity in the area where a United Nations operation is being conducted;\n\n(b) ‘Associated personnel’ means:\n\n(i) Persons assigned by a Government or an intergovernmental organization with the agreement of the competent organ of the United Nations;\n\n(ii) Persons engaged by the Secretary-General of the United Nations or by a specialized agency or by the International Atomic Energy Agency;\n\n(iii) Persons deployed by a humanitarian non-governmental organization or agency under an agreement with the Secretary-General of the United Nations or with a specialized agency or with the International Atomic Energy Agency,\n\nto carry out activities in support of the fulfilment of the mandate of a United Nations operation;\n\n(c) ‘United Nations operation’ means an operation established by the competent organ of the United Nations in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and conducted under United Nations authority and control:\n\n(i) Where the operation is for the purpose of maintaining or restoring international peace and security; or\n\n(ii) Where the Security Council or the General Assembly has declared, for the purposes of this Convention, that there exists an exceptional risk to the safety of the personnel participating in the operation;\n\n(d) ‘Host State’ means a State in whose territory a United Nations operation is conducted;\n\n(e) ‘Transit State’ means a State, other than the host State, in whose territory United Nations and associated personnel or their equipment are in transit or temporarily present in connection with a United Nations operation.\n\nArticle 2\n\nScope of application\n\n1. This Convention applies in respect of United Nations and associated personnel and United Nations operations, as defined in Article 1.\n\n2. This Convention shall not apply to a United Nations operation authorized by the Security Council as an enforcement action under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations in which any of the personnel are engaged as combatants against organized armed forces and to which the law of international armed conflict applies.\n\nArticle 3\n\nIdentification\n\n1. The military and police components of a United Nations operation and their vehicles, vessels and aircraft shall bear distinctive identification. Other personnel, vehicles, vessels and aircraft involved in the United Nations operation shall be appropriately identified unless otherwise decided by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.\n\n2. All United Nations and associated personnel shall carry appropriate identification documents.\n\nArticle 4\n\nAgreements on the status of the operation\n\nThe host State and the United Nations shall conclude as soon as possible an agreement on the status of the United Nations operation and all personnel engaged in the operation including, inter alia, provisions on privileges and immunities for military and police components of the operation.\n\nArticle 5\n\nTransit\n\nA transit State shall facilitate the unimpeded transit of United Nations and associated personnel and their equipment to and from the host State.\n\nArticle 6\n\nRespect for laws and regulations\n\n1. Without prejudice to such privileges and immunities as they may enjoy or to the requirements of their duties, United Nations and associated personnel shall:\n\n(a) Respect the laws and regulations of the host State and the transit State; and\n\n(b) Refrain from any action or activity incompatible with the impartial and international nature of their duties.\n\n2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall take all appropriate measures to ensure the observance of these obligations.\n\nArticle 7\n\nDuty to ensure the safety and security of United Nations  \nand associated personnel\n\n1. United Nations and associated personnel, their equipment and premises shall not be made the object of attack or of any action that prevents them from discharging their mandate.\n\n2. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure the safety and security of United Nations and associated personnel. In particular, States Parties shall take all appropriate steps to protect United Nations and associated personnel who are deployed in their territory from the crimes set out in Article 9.\n\n3. States Parties shall cooperate with the United Nations and other States Parties, as appropriate, in the implementation of this Convention, particularly in any case where the host State is unable itself to take the required measures.\n\nArticle 8\n\nDuty to release or return United Nations and associated personnel captured or detained\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in an applicable status-of-forces agreement, if United Nations or associated personnel are captured or detained in the course of the performance of their duties and their identification has been established, they shall not be subjected to interrogation and they shall be promptly released and returned to United Nations or other appropriate authorities. Pending their release such personnel shall be treated in accordance with universally recognized standards of human rights and the principles and spirit of the Geneva Conventions of 1949.\n\nArticle 9\n\nCrimes against United Nations and associated personnel\n\n1. The intentional commission of:\n\n(a) A murder, kidnapping or other attack upon the person or liberty of any United Nations or associated personnel;\n\n(b) A violent attack upon the official premises, the private accommodation or the means of transportation of any United Nations or associated personnel likely to endanger his or her person or liberty;\n\n(c) A threat to commit any such attack with the objective of compelling a physical or juridical person to do or to refrain from doing any act;\n\n(d) An attempt to commit any such attack; and\n\n(e) An act constituting participating as an accomplice in any such attack, or in an attempt to commit such attack, or in organizing or ordering others to commit such attack,\n\nshall be made by each State Party a crime under its national law.\n\n2. Each State Party shall make the crimes set out in paragraph 1 punishable by appropriate penalties which shall take into account their grave nature.\n\nArticle 10\n\nEstablishment of jurisdiction\n\n1. Each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the crimes set out in Article 9 in the following cases:\n\n(a) When the crime is committed in the territory of that State or on board a ship or aircraft registered in that State;\n\n(b) When the alleged offender is a national of that State.\n\n2. A State Party may also establish its jurisdiction over any such crime when it is committed:\n\n(a) By a stateless person whose habitual residence is in that State; or\n\n(b) With respect to a national of that State; or\n\n(c) In an attempt to compel that State to do or to abstain from doing any act.\n\n3. Any State Party which has established jurisdiction as mentioned in paragraph 2 shall notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations. If such State Party subsequently rescinds that jurisdiction, it shall notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations.\n\n4. Each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the crimes set out in Article 9 in cases where the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite such person pursuant to Article 15 to any of the States Parties which have established their jurisdiction in accordance with paragraph 1 or 2.\n\n5. This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with national law.\n\nArticle 11\n\nPrevention of crimes against United Nations and associated personnel\n\nStates Parties shall cooperate in the prevention of the crimes set out in Article 9, particularly by:\n\n(a) Taking all practicable measures to prevent preparations in their respective territories for the commission of those crimes within or outside their territories; and\n\n(b) Exchanging information in accordance with their national law and coordinating the taking of administrative and other measures as appropriate to prevent the commission of those crimes.\n\nArticle 12\n\nCommunication of information\n\n1. Under the conditions provided for in its national law, the State Party in whose territory a crime set out in Article 9 has been committed shall, if it has reason to believe that an alleged offender has fled from its territory, communicate to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and, directly or through the Secretary-General, to the State or States concerned all the pertinent facts regarding the crime committed and all available information regarding the identity of the alleged offender.\n\n2. Whenever a crime set out in Article 9 has been committed, any State Party which has information concerning the victim and circumstances of the crime shall endeavour to transmit such information, under the conditions provided for in its national law, fully and promptly to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the State or States concerned.\n\nArticle 13\n\nMeasures to ensure prosecution or extradition\n\n1. Where the circumstances so warrant, the State Party in whose territory the alleged offender is present shall take the appropriate measures under its national law to ensure that person's presence for the purpose of prosecution or extradition.\n\n2. Measures taken in accordance with paragraph 1 shall be notified, in conformity with national law and without delay, to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and, either directly or through the Secretary‑General, to:\n\n(a) The State where the crime was committed;\n\n(b) The State or States of which the alleged offender is a national or, if such person is a stateless person, in whose territory that person has his or her habitual residence;\n\n(c) The State or States of which the victim is a national; and\n\n(d) Other interested States.\n\nArticle 14\n\nProsecution of alleged offenders\n\nThe State Party in whose territory the alleged offender is present shall, if it does not extradite that person, submit, without exception whatsoever and without undue delay, the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution, through proceedings in accordance with the law of that State. Those authorities shall take their decision in the same manner as in the case of an ordinary offence of a grave nature under the law of that State.\n\nArticle 15\n\nExtradition of alleged offenders\n\n1. To the extent that the crimes set out in Article 9 are not extraditable offences in any extradition treaty existing between States Parties, they shall be deemed to be included as such therein. States Parties undertake to include those crimes as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them.\n\n2. If a State Party which makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may at its option consider this Convention as the legal basis for extradition in respect of those crimes. Extradition shall be subject to the conditions provided in the law of the requested State.\n\n3. States Parties which do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognize those crimes as extraditable offences between themselves subject to the conditions provided in the law of the requested State.\n\n4. Each of those crimes shall be treated, for the purposes of extradition between States Parties, as if it has been committed not only in the place in which it occurred but also in the territories of the States Parties which have established their jurisdiction in accordance with paragraph 1 or 2 of Article 10.\n\nArticle 16\n\nMutual assistance in criminal matters\n\n1. States Parties shall afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connection with criminal proceedings brought in respect of the crimes set out in Article 9, including assistance in obtaining evidence at their disposal necessary for the proceedings. The law of the requested State shall apply in all cases.\n\n2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not affect obligations concerning mutual assistance embodied in any other treaty.\n\nArticle 17\n\nFair treatment\n\n1. Any person regarding whom investigations or proceedings are being carried out in connection with any of the crimes set out in Article 9 shall be guaranteed fair treatment, a fair trial and full protection of his or her rights at all stages of the investigations or proceedings.\n\n2. Any alleged offender shall be entitled:\n\n(a) To communicate without delay with the nearest appropriate representative of the State or States of which such person is a national or which is otherwise entitled to protect that person's rights or, if such person is a stateless person, of the State which, at that person's request, is willing to protect that person's rights; and\n\n(b) To be visited by a representative of that State or those States.\n\nArticle 18\n\nNotification of outcome of proceedings\n\nThe State Party where an alleged offender is prosecuted shall communicate the final outcome of the proceedings to the Secretary‑General of the United Nations, who shall transmit the information to other States Parties.\n\nArticle 19\n\nDissemination\n\nThe States Parties undertake to disseminate this Convention as widely as possible and, in particular, to include the study thereof, as well as relevant provisions of international humanitarian law, in their programmes of military instruction.\n\nArticle 20\n\nSavings clauses\n\nNothing in this Convention shall affect:\n\n(a) The applicability of international humanitarian law and universally recognized standards of human rights as contained in international instruments in relation to the protection of United Nations operations and United Nations and associated personnel or the responsibility of such personnel to respect such law and standards;\n\n(b) The rights and obligations of States, consistent with the Charter of the United Nations, regarding the consent to entry of persons into their territories;\n\n(c) The obligation of United Nations and associated personnel to act in accordance with the terms of the mandate of a United Nations operation;\n\n(d) The right of States which voluntarily contribute personnel to a United Nations operation to withdraw their personnel from participation in such operation; or\n\n(e) The entitlement to appropriate compensation payable in the event of death, disability, injury or illness attributable to peace-keeping service by persons voluntarily contributed by States to United Nations operations.\n\nArticle 21\n\nRight to self-defence\n\nNothing in this Convention shall be construed so as to derogate from the right to act in self-defence.\n\nArticle 22\n\nDispute settlement\n\n1. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by application in conformity with the Statute of the Court.\n\n2. Each State Party may at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of this Convention or accession thereto declare that it does not consider itself bound by all or part of paragraph 1. The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 1 or the relevant part thereof with respect to any State Party which has made such a reservation.\n\n3. Any State Party which has made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 2 may at any time withdraw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.\n\nArticle 23\n\nReview meetings\n\nAt the request of one or more States Parties, and if approved by a majority of States Parties, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall convene a meeting of the States Parties to review the implementation of the Convention, and any problems encountered with regard to its application.\n\nArticle 24\n\nSignature\n\nThis Convention shall be open for a signature by all States, until 31 December 1995, at United Nations Headquarters in New York.\n\nArticle 25\n\nRatification, acceptance or approval\n\nThis Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.\n\nArticle 26\n\nAccession\n\nThis Convention shall be open for accession by any State. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.\n\nArticle 27\n\nEntry into force\n\n1. This Convention shall enter into force thirty days after twenty-two instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession have been deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.\n\n2. For each State ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.\n\nArticle 28\n\nDenunciation\n\n1. A State Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.\n\n2. Denunciation shall take effect one year following the date on which notification is received by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.\n\nArticle 29\n\nAuthentic texts\n\nThe original of this Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send certified copies thereof to all States.\n\nDONE at New York this ninth day of December one thousand nine hundred and ninety-four.\n\n\\[Signatures not reproduced here.\\]\n\n> Notes to the Extradition (Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel) Regulations 2000\n\n> Note 1\n\n> Note: The Extradition (Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel) Regulations 2000 (in force under the Extradition Act 1988) as shown in this compilation comprise Statutory Rules 2000 No. 308 amended as indicated in the Tables below.\n\n> Note: > Note: Table of Instruments\n\n| Year andNumber | Date of notificationin Gazette or FRLI registration | Date ofcommencement                             | Application, saving ortransitional provisions |\n| -------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |\n| 2000 No. 308   | 16 Nov 2000                                         | 1 Jan 2001 (see r. 2and Gazette 2000, No. GN45) |                                               |\n| 2009 No. 264   | 13 Oct 2009 (see F2009L03618)                       | 14 Oct 2009                                     | —                                             |\n\n> Note: > Note: Table of Amendments\n\n```html\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"width:370.95pt; margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto; border-collapse:collapse\"><thead><tr><td colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:360.15pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmendHead\" style=\"margin-right:0pt\"><span>ad. = added or inserted</span><span> </span><span>am. = amended</span><span> </span><span>rep. = repealed</span><span> </span><span>rs. = repealed and substituted</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style=\"width:118pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableColHead\"><span>Provision affected</span></p></td><td style=\"width:231.35pt; border-top:0.75pt solid #000000; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableColHead\"><span>How affected</span></p></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"width:118pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt; margin-left:0pt; text-indent:0pt\"><span>R. 4</span><span style=\"width:99.79pt; font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace; display:inline-block\">..................</span></p></td><td style=\"width:231.35pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt\"><span>rs. 2009 No. 264</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style=\"width:118pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt; margin-left:0pt; text-indent:0pt\"><span>R. 5</span><span style=\"width:99.79pt; font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace; display:inline-block\">..................</span></p></td><td style=\"width:231.35pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt\"><span>rs. 2009 No. 264</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style=\"width:118pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt; margin-left:0pt; text-indent:0pt\"><span style=\"font-weight:bold\">Schedule 1</span></p></td><td style=\"width:231.35pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt\"><span></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style=\"width:118pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt; margin-left:0pt; text-indent:0pt\"><span>Schedule 1</span><span style=\"width:71.26pt; font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace; display:inline-block\">.............</span></p></td><td style=\"width:231.35pt; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt\"><span>am. 2009 No. 264</span></p></td></tr><tr><td style=\"width:118pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt; margin-left:0pt; margin-bottom:3pt; text-indent:0pt\"><span>Schedule 2</span><span style=\"width:71.26pt; font-family:'Lucida Console', monospace; display:inline-block\">.............</span></p></td><td style=\"width:231.35pt; border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000; padding-right:5.4pt; padding-left:5.4pt; vertical-align:top\"><p class=\"TableOfAmend\" style=\"margin-right:0pt; margin-bottom:3pt\"><span>rep. 2009 No. 264</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>\n```","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"These Regulations implement a single, narrowly focused purpose: to connect the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel with Australia’s Extradition Act so that States party to the Convention are treated as extradition countries and the Act operates \"subject to the Convention.\" The 2009 amendments updated the text of regulations and the schedule but did not expand the Regulations beyond that implementing purpose. They do not create domestic criminal offences themselves (those are in a separate Criminal Code amendment) and do not broaden Australia’s extradition framework beyond applying the Convention’s terms to relevant States Parties."},"complexity_factors":["Very short instrument: 5 regulations plus one schedule (the full Convention text).","Only 2 defined terms in regulations (Act; Convention) but large external cross-reference to Extradition Act 1988 (s.5).","Regulation 4 conditionally defines ‘extradition country’ by reference to which States have the Convention in force — requires dynamic external verification (UN list / Article 27).","Regulation 5 makes operation of the Extradition Act subject to the Convention, creating an overlay of international treaty rules onto domestic extradition procedures (legal cross-reference complexity).","Schedule 1 reproduces a multi-article international treaty (27+ articles) — functionally increases substantive material users must read and apply, though not adding domestic drafting complexity.","Amendments in 2009 substituted Regulations 4 and 5 and amended Schedule 1 (updates to how the Convention is applied), creating some historical variation to track."],"plain_english_summary":"**What these Regulations do (mechanically)**\n\n- The Regulations attach the international treaty called the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel (the \"Convention\", text in Schedule 1) to Australia’s extradition framework under the Extradition Act 1988. (Regulations 3, 4 and 5.)\n- For the purposes of the Extradition Act, any State for which the Convention is in force is treated as an \"extradition country\" (Regulation 4). The Extradition Act then applies to those countries, but \"subject to the Convention\" (Regulation 5).\n- The Regulations include the full text of the Convention in Schedule 1 so that courts and officials can read the treaty provisions alongside the domestic extradition rules (Regulation 3 and Schedule 1).\n- The Regulations commence when the related domestic criminal amendments (Criminal Code Amendment (United Nations and Associated Personnel) Act 2000) commence (Regulation 2).\n\n**Who is affected**\n\n- Australian law-enforcement and prosecuting authorities, and the Attorney-General’s Department, because the Regulations set the legal basis for receiving and processing extradition requests related to attacks on UN and associated personnel.\n- People accused of the Convention offences (for example murder, kidnapping, violent attacks or threats against UN or associated personnel) who may be extradited to or from States Parties under the Extradition Act as applied to Convention countries (see Schedule 1, Article 9 and Article 15).\n- Foreign States that are parties to the Convention: the Regulations treat those States as possible requesting or requested States in Australian extradition proceedings.\n\n**Why it matters (practical effect and legal mechanics)**\n\n- The Convention defines certain offences against United Nations and associated personnel (Article 9). The Regulations make those offences relevant for Australian extradition law by: (a) marking Convention States as extradition countries; and (b) making the Extradition Act operate subject to the Convention for those States (Regs 4–5, Schedule 1).\n- The Convention creates two practical legal effects that intersect with domestic law: (1) States must criminalise the listed conduct and afford appropriate penalties (Article 9(1)–(2)); and (2) States must either extradite or prosecute alleged offenders found in their territory (Articles 13–15). The Regulations ensure Australian extradition procedures can be used consistent with those treaty obligations.\n\n**How the Regulations interact with other legal instruments**\n\n- These Regulations do not themselves create domestic criminal offences. The Criminal Code Amendment (United Nations and Associated Personnel) Act 2000 carries the domestic criminalisation. The Regulations purely operate at the extradition/treaty level, linking the Convention to the Extradition Act (Regulation 2 and Schedule 1).\n- The Extradition Act still governs how extradition requests are dealt with (including any grounds for refusal, procedural requirements and discretion). But where the Convention applies, its special provisions (for example treating Convention offences as extraditable where they are not already in a bilateral treaty — Article 15) influence extradition availability.\n\n**Implementation, costs and incentives — testing the Convention’s stated purpose**\n\n- Purpose-claim: The Convention (quoted in Schedule 1) aims to prevent and punish attacks on UN and associated personnel and to facilitate international cooperation in extradition and prosecution.\n- Costs and who pays: Australia (federal prosecution services and courts) bears administrative and resource costs of handling extradition requests and, where Australia prosecutes rather than extradites, the cost of domestic prosecution. Individuals facing charges bear legal and liberty costs if extradition or prosecution proceeds.\n- Compliance and administrative burden: Officials must track which foreign States are parties to the Convention (the Regulation notes the UN maintains that list) because Regulation 4 makes extradition-country status contingent on the Convention being in force for that State. The Attorney-General’s Department and courts will need to apply treaty text and reconcile it with the Extradition Act and any bilateral treaties.\n- Legal and practical trade-offs: The Regulations make it easier to treat Convention offences as extraditable between States Parties even where no bilateral treaty exists (see Convention Article 15). But extradition remains subject to domestic legal conditions and discretionary grounds in the Extradition Act, so use is not automatic. There is also the possible duplication of jurisdiction: Article 14 requires prosecution if extradition does not occur, which may increase domestic prosecutorial workload.\n- Implementation risks: administrative overhead in monitoring treaty entry into force, potential conflicts between treaty obligations and domestic grounds for refusal, and the need to ensure domestic criminal law mirrors the Convention offences (which the companion Criminal Code amendment addresses).\n\n**Concrete behavioural effect**\n\n- Who decides: Australian executive and judicial authorities decide whether to accept or make extradition requests under the Extradition Act, now linked to the Convention’s scope by these Regulations (Regs 4–5).\n- What changes for behaviour: Foreign States party to the Convention can rely on the Convention as a basis for extradition requests to Australia for the listed offences; Australian officials can treat those States as extradition countries for the purpose of applying the Extradition Act; and, where Australia detains a person alleged to have committed a Convention offence abroad, Australia must either extradite or prosecute in accordance with the Convention’s obligations (Articles 13–15, Schedule 1)."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The regulations remain tightly focused on their original purpose: implementing the 1994 UN Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel as an extradition arrangement under the Extradition Act 1988. The 2009 amendments actually narrowed the instrument by repealing Schedule 2 (which previously contained specific bilateral treaty text), replacing it with a simpler mechanism that treats all Convention parties as extradition countries automatically. The scope has not expanded beyond facilitating extradition for crimes against UN personnel."},"complexity_factors":["Very short principal regulations (only 5 regulations, 2 of which are standard commencement/name provisions)","Minimal defined terms (only 2 definitions in regulation 3)","No nested exceptions or conditional logic in the regulations themselves","Complexity derives entirely from incorporation by reference of the full 1994 UN Convention (29 articles with detailed provisions on jurisdiction, extradition, and mutual assistance)","Single cross-reference to the Extradition Act 1988 for procedural framework","2009 amendments simplified the instrument by removing Schedule 2 (previous bilateral treaty arrangements) and streamlining regulations 4 and 5"],"plain_english_summary":"These regulations make it possible for Australia to extradite (hand over) people accused of serious crimes against UN peacekeepers and humanitarian workers.\n\n**What this does:**\n- **Treats the UN Safety Convention as an extradition treaty.** The regulations declare that any country which has joined the 1994 UN Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel is an \"extradition country\" under Australian law. This means Australia can extradite people to those countries (and request extradition from them) for crimes covered by the Convention.\n\n- **Covers serious attacks on UN personnel.** The Convention (attached as Schedule 1) makes it a crime to murder, kidnap, or violently attack UN personnel, their premises, or their transport. It also covers threats, attempts, and helping others commit these crimes.\n\n- **Applies the Extradition Act 1988.** This means Australia's standard extradition procedures apply to these cases, subject to the rules in the Convention.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- Anyone accused of attacking UN peacekeepers, police, civilian staff, or associated personnel (including humanitarian NGO workers deployed under UN agreements).\n- Countries that have ratified the 1994 UN Convention—Australia can extradite to and from these countries for Convention crimes even without a bilateral extradition treaty.\n\n**Why it matters:**\nBefore these regulations, Australia might not have been able to extradite someone for attacking UN personnel unless there was a specific extradition treaty with that country. These regulations close that gap, ensuring Australia can cooperate internationally to prosecute people who attack humanitarian and peacekeeping missions. This protects Australian personnel serving with the UN and ensures Australia meets its international obligations to help prosecute such crimes."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/extradition-safety-of-united-nations-and-associated-personnel-regulations-2000","history":"/api/acts/extradition-safety-of-united-nations-and-associated-personnel-regulations-2000/history","analysis":"/api/acts/extradition-safety-of-united-nations-and-associated-personnel-regulations-2000/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/extradition-safety-of-united-nations-and-associated-personnel-regulations-2000/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/extradition-safety-of-united-nations-and-associated-personnel-regulations-2000/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/extradition-safety-of-united-nations-and-associated-personnel-regulations-2000/documents"}}