{"id":"F2010L01912","name":"Extradition (India) Regulations 2010","slug":"extradition-india-regulations-2010","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":"196 of 2010","makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":124330,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2010L01912-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Extradition (India) Regulations 2010","content":"![](image.001.png)\n\nExtradition (India) Regulations 20101\n\nSelect Legislative Instrument 2010 No. 196\n\nI, QUENTIN BRYCE, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, make the following Regulations under the Extradition Act 1988.\n\nDated 8 July 2010\n\nQUENTIN BRYCE\n\nGovernor-General\n\nBy Her Excellency’s Command\n\nBRENDAN O’CONNOR\n\nMinister for Home Affairs\n\n1 Name of Regulations\n\nThese Regulations are the Extradition (India) Regulations 2010.\n\n2 Commencement\n\nThese Regulations commence on the day on which the Extradition Treaty between Australia and the Republic of India, done at Canberra in Australia on 23 June 2008, enters into force.\n\n3 Definition\n\nIn these Regulations:\n\n> Act means the Extradition Act 1988.\n\n> India means the Republic of India.\n\n4 Declaration of India as an extradition country\n\nFor the definition of extradition country in section 5 of the Act, India is declared to be an extradition country.\n\n5 Application of Act\n\nFor paragraph 11 (1) (a) of the Act, the Act applies to India subject to the Extradition Treaty between Australia and the Republic of India, done at Canberra in Australia on 23 June 2008, a copy which is set out in Schedule 1.\n\nSchedule 1 Extradition Treaty between Australia and the Republic of India, done at Canberra in Australia on 23 June 2008\n\n(regulation 5)\n\nEXTRADITION TREATY BETWEEN AUSTRALIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA\n\nAustralia and the Republic of India (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Contracting States’)\n\nDESIRING to make more effective the co-operation of the two countries in the suppression of crime, including offences related to terrorism, by concluding a treaty on extradition\n\nHAVE AGREED as follows:\n\nARTICLE 1\n\nOBLIGATION TO EXTRADITE\n\nEach Contracting State agrees to extradite to the other, in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty, any persons who are wanted for trial, or the imposition or enforcement of a sentence, in the Requesting State for an extraditable offence.\n\nARTICLE 2\n\nEXTRADITABLE OFFENCES\n\n1. For the purposes of this Treaty, extraditable offences are offences, however described, which are punishable under the laws of both Contracting States by imprisonment for a maximum period of at least one year or by a more severe penalty. Where the request for extradition relates to a person convicted of such an offence who is wanted for the enforcement of a sentence of imprisonment, extradition shall be granted only if a period of at least six months of such penalty remains to be served.\n\n2. For the purpose of this Article, in determining whether an offence is an offence against the law of both Contracting States:\n\na. it shall not matter whether the laws of the Contracting States place the acts or omissions constituting the offence within the same category of offence or denominate the offence by the same terminology; and\n\nb. the totality of the acts or omissions alleged against the person whose extradition is sought shall be taken into account and it shall not matter whether, under the laws of the Contracting States, the constituent elements of the offence differ.\n\n3. An offence may be an extraditable offence notwithstanding that it relates to taxation, customs duties, foreign exchange control or other revenue matters, or is one of a purely fiscal character. Extradition may not be refused on the ground that the law of the Requested State does not impose the same kind of tax or duty or does not contain a tax, duty, customs, or exchange regulation of the same kind as the law of the Requesting State.\n\n4. Where the offence has been committed outside the territory of the Requesting State, extradition shall be granted if the law of the Requested State provides for the punishment of an offence committed outside its territory in similar circumstances. Where the law of the Requested State does not so provide the Requested State may, in its discretion, grant extradition.\n\n5. Extradition shall be granted pursuant to the provisions of this Treaty irrespective of whether the offence for which extradition is sought was committed before or after entry into force of this Treaty, provided in all cases that:\n\na. it was an offence in the Requesting State at the time of the acts or omissions constituting the offence are alleged to have occurred; and\n\nb. the acts or omissions alleged would, if they had taken place in the territory of the Requested State at the time of the making of the request for extradition, have constituted an offence against the law in force in that State.\n\nARTICLE 3\n\nCOMPOSITE OFFENCES\n\nExtradition shall also be available in accordance with this Treaty for an extraditable offence, notwithstanding that the conduct of the person sought occurred wholly or in part in the Requested State, if under the law of that State this conduct and its effects, or its intended effects, taken as a whole, would be regarded as constituting the commission of an extraditable offence in the territory of the Requesting State.\n\nARTICLE 4\n\nGROUNDS OF REFUSAL\n\n1. Extradition shall not be granted if:\n\na. the offence of which a person is accused or convicted is a military offence which is not also an offence under the general criminal law;\n\nb. if the person whose extradition is sought has, according to the law of the Requesting State, become immune from prosecution or punishment by reason of lapse of time;\n\nc. if the offence with which the person sought is accused or convicted, or any other offence for which that person may be detained or tried in accordance with this Treaty, carries the death penalty under the law of the Requesting State, unless the extradition request includes an undertaking that the death penalty will not be imposed or, if imposed, will not be carried out.\n\n2. Extradition may be refused if the offence of which it is requested is an offence of a political character. For the purposes of this Treaty the following offences shall not be regarded as offences of a political character:\n\na. an offence in respect of which the Contracting States have an obligation to extradite or submit the case to their competent authorities for prosecution, under a multilateral/international treaty or convention to which both Contracting States are parties;\n\nb. an offence in respect of the taking or attempted taking of the life of a Head of State, Head of Government, or a member of that person’s family;\n\nc. murder, culpable homicide or manslaughter;\n\nd. an offence, involving firearms, explosives, incendiaries, destructive devices or substances, causing death, grievous bodily harm or serious damage to property;\n\ne. any other offence related to terrorism which at the time of the request is, under the law of the Requested State, not to be regarded as an offence of a political character; or\n\nf. conspiracy or attempt to commit, or participation in, or abetment of, any of the foregoing offences.\n\n3. Extradition may be refused in any of the following circumstances:\n\na. if the person has been tried and finally dealt with in respect of the offence for which extradition is sought;\n\nb. if the Requested State has substantial grounds to believe that the request for extradition has been made for the purpose of prosecuting or punishing a person on account of that person’s race, sex, religion, nationality or political opinion or that that person’s position may be prejudiced for any of those reasons;\n\nc. if the person whose extradition is requested has been sentenced or would be liable to be tried or sentenced in the Requesting State by an extraordinary or ad hoc court or tribunal;\n\nd. if the Requested State believes that the surrender is likely to have exceptionally serious consequences for the person whose extradition is sought, including because of the person’s age or state of health.\n\nARTICLE 5\n\nEXTRADITION OF NATIONALS\n\nThe nationals of one Contracting State may be extradited to the other Contracting State. If extradition is not granted, the Requested State shall, on the request of the Requesting State, submit the case to its competent authorities for prosecution in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and the laws of the Requested State.\n\nARTICLE 6\n\nEXTRADITION AND PROSECUTION\n\n1. The request for extradition may be refused by the Requested State if the person whose extradition is sought may be tried for the extradition offence in the courts of that State.\n\n2. Where the Requested State refuses a request for extradition for the reason set out in paragraph 1 of this Article, it shall submit the case to its competent authorities so that prosecution may be considered. Those authorities shall take their decision in the same manner as in the case of any offence of a serious nature under the law of that State.\n\n3. If the competent authorities decide not to prosecute the request for extradition shall be reconsidered in accordance with this Treaty.\n\nARTICLE 7\n\nEXTRADITION PROCEDURES\n\n1. The request for extradition under this Treaty shall be made in writing and communicated through diplomatic channels.\n\n2. All documents submitted in support of a request for extradition shall be authenticated in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 9. Three copies of the request and supporting documents shall also be provided. However, the copies need not be authenticated.\n\n3. The request shall be accompanied by:\n\na. the details necessary to establish the identity and nationality of the person sought including, where possible, photographs and fingerprints;\n\nb. a statement of the current location of the person, if known;\n\nc. a statement of each offence for which extradition is sought;\n\nd. a statement of the acts and omissions which are alleged against the person in respect of each offence for which extradition is sought;\n\ne. the text of the laws creating each offence and describing the penalty which may be imposed; and\n\nf. a statement as to whether there is any limitation in respect of proceedings or punishment.\n\n4. If the request relates to an accused person, it must also be accompanied by a warrant of arrest, or a copy thereof, issued by a Judge, Magistrate, or other competent authority in the territory of the Requesting State and such documents or other information required by the Requested State as would reasonably establish that the person sought has committed the offence for which extradition is requested and to establish that the person requested is the person to whom the warrant refers.\n\n5. If the request relates to a person already convicted and sentenced, it shall also be accompanied by:\n\na. a certificate of conviction and sentence; and\n\nb. a statement that the sentence is enforceable and how much of the sentence remains to be served.\n\n6. If the Requested State considers that the documents or other information supplied for the purposes of this Treaty are not sufficient in order to enable a decision to be taken as to the request, additional documents or other information shall be submitted within such time as the Requested State may require.\n\n7. If in any particular case the Requested State so requires, the Requesting State shall supply a translation of any document submitted in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty.\n\nARTICLE 8\n\nCONSENT TO SURRENDER\n\nIf the person sought consents to surrender to the Requesting State, the Requested State may, subject to its laws, surrender the person as expeditiously as possible without further proceedings.\n\nARTICLE 9\n\nEVIDENCE/AUTHENTICATION\n\n1. A document that, in accordance with Article 7, accompanies a request for extradition shall be admitted in evidence, if authenticated, in any extradition proceedings in the territory of the Requested State.\n\n2. A document is authenticated for the purposes of this Treaty if:\n\na. it purports to be signed or certified by a Judge, Magistrate or an official in or of the Requesting State; and\n\nb. it purports to be authenticated by the official seal of a Minister of Government, or of a Department or official of the Requesting State; or\n\nc. it has been authenticated in such other manner as may be permitted by the law of the Requested State.\n\n3. Documents described in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be admitted in evidence whether they originated in the Requesting State or in a third State.\n\nARTICLE 10\n\nPROVISIONAL ARREST\n\n1. In case of urgency, a Contracting State may request the provisional arrest of the person sought, pending presentation of the request for extradition. A request for provisional arrest may be transmitted through diplomatic channels. The facilities of the International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol) may be used to transmit such a request.\n\n2. The application for provisional arrest shall contain:\n\na. a description of the person sought;\n\nb. the location of the person sought, if known;\n\nc. a brief statement of the facts of the case, including, if possible, the time and location of the offence;\n\nd. a description of the laws violated;\n\ne. a statement of the existence of a warrant of arrest, or a finding of guilt or judgment of conviction against the person sought; and\n\nf. a statement that a request for extradition for the person sought will follow.\n\n3. The Requesting State shall be notified without delay of the action taken on its application and the reasons for any denial.\n\n4. A person who is provisionally arrested may be released from custody on the expiration of sixty (60) days from the date of provisional arrest pursuant to this Treaty if the executive authority of the Requested State has not received the formal request for extradition and the supporting documents required in Article 7.\n\n5. The fact that the person sought has been released from custody pursuant to paragraph 4 of this Article shall not prejudice the subsequent re‑arrest and extradition of that person, if the extradition request and supporting documents are delivered at a later date.\n\nARTICLE 11\n\nCONCURRENT REQUESTS\n\n1. Where requests are received from two or more States for the extradition of the same person, the Requested State shall determine to which of those States the person is to be extradited and shall notify the Requesting States of its decision.\n\n2. In determining to which State a person is to be extradited, the Requested State shall have regard to all relevant circumstances and, in particular, to:\n\na. if the requests relate to different offences \\- the relative seriousness of the offences;\n\nb. the existence of an extradition treaty with the other State or States;\n\nc. the time and place of commission of each offence;\n\nd. the respective dates of the requests;\n\ne. the nationality of the person; and\n\nf. the ordinary place of residence of the person.\n\nARTICLE 12\n\nSURRENDER\n\n1. The Requested State shall, as soon as a decision on the request for extradition has been made, communicate that decision to the Requesting State.\n\n2. Where extradition is granted, the Requested State shall surrender the person at a time, and from a point of departure in its territory as may be decided in consultation with the Requesting State.\n\n3. The Requesting State shall remove the person from the territory of the Requested State within such reasonable period as the Requested State may specify and, if the person is not removed within that period, the Requested State may refuse to extradite that person for the same offence.\n\n4. If circumstances beyond its control prevent a Contracting State from surrendering or removing the person to be extradited it shall notify the other Contracting State. The two Contracting States shall agree upon a new date of surrender, and the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article shall apply.\n\nARTICLE 13\n\nSURRENDER OF PROPERTY\n\n1. To the extent permitted under the law of the Requested State all property found in the Requested State that has been acquired as a result of the offence or may be required as evidence shall be surrendered if extradition is granted and the Requesting State so requests.\n\n2. Subject to paragraph 1 of this Article, the abovementioned property shall, if the Requesting State so requests, be surrendered to the Requesting State even if the extradition cannot be carried out.\n\n3. Where the law of the Requested State or the rights of third parties so require, any articles so surrendered shall be returned to the Requested State free of charge if that State so requests.\n\nARTICLE 14\n\nPOSTPONEMENT OF EXTRADITION AND TEMPORARY SURRENDER\n\n1. The Requested State may postpone the surrender of a person in order to proceed against that person, or so that the person may serve a sentence, for an offence other than the offence for which extradition is sought. In such a case the Requested State shall advise the Requesting State accordingly.\n\n2. When the person is serving a sentence in the territory of the Requested State for an offence other than the offence for which extradition is sought, the Requested State may temporarily surrender the person to the Requesting State to be prosecuted for an offence for which extradition is sought. The person so surrendered shall be kept in custody in the Requesting State and shall be returned to the Requested State after proceedings against the person have concluded, in accordance with written conditions to be mutually determined by the Contracting States.\n\nARTICLE 15\n\nRULE OF SPECIALITY\n\n1. Any person who is returned to the territory of the Requesting State under this Treaty shall not be detained or tried or subjected to any other restriction of her or his personal liberty, within the territory of the Requesting State for or in respect of any offence committed before he was returned to that territory other than:\n\na. the offence in respect of which the person was returned;\n\nb. any other extraditable offence disclosed by the facts upon which the request for extradition was based, provided that the offence does not carry a penalty which is more severe than that which could be imposed for the offence in respect of which the person was returned; or\n\nc. any other extraditable offence in respect of which the Requested State may consent to the person being dealt with.\n\n2. A person extradited under this Treaty may not be extradited to a third State for an offence committed prior to his extradition unless the Requested State consents.\n\n3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the present Article shall not apply if the person has had an opportunity to leave the Requesting State and has not done so within 45 days of final discharge in respect of the offence for which that person was extradited or if the person has voluntarily returned to the territory of the Requesting State after leaving it.\n\n4. A request for the consent of the Requested State under the present Article shall be accompanied by such of the documents as mentioned in Article 7 of the present Treaty as may be sought by the Requested State.\n\nARTICLE 16\n\nTRANSIT\n\n1. Where a person is to be extradited to a Contracting State from a third State through the territory of the other State, the State to which the person is to be extradited shall request the other State to permit the transit of that person through its territory. This does not apply where air transport is used and no landing in the territory of the other State is scheduled. A person in transit may be held in custody during the period of transit.\n\n2. Upon receipt of such a request, which shall contain relevant information, the Requested State shall deal with this request expeditiously pursuant to procedures provided by its own law.\n\n3. In the event of an unscheduled landing, the State to be requested to permit transit may, at the request of the escorting officer, hold the person in custody, subject to its law, pending receipt of the transit request to be made in accordance with paragraph 1 of the present Article.\n\nARTICLE 17\n\nEXPENSES\n\n1. The Requested State shall make all necessary arrangements for and meet the cost of any proceedings arising out of a request for extradition and shall otherwise represent the interests of the Requesting State.\n\n2. The Requested State shall bear the expenses incurred in its territory in relation to the arrest and detention of the person whose extradition is sought until that person is surrendered to the Requesting State.\n\n3. The Requesting State shall bear the expenses incurred in conveying the person from the territory of the Requested State.\n\nARTICLE 18\n\nCONSULTATION\n\n1. The Contracting States shall, at the request of either, consult concerning the interpretation and application of this Treaty.\n\n2. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may consult each other directly in connection with the processing of individual cases and in furtherance of maintaining and improving procedures for the implementation of this Treaty.\n\nARTICLE 19\n\nOBLIGATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS/TREATIES\n\nThe present Treaty shall not affect the rights and obligations of the Contracting States arising from International Conventions/Treaties to which they are parties.\n\nARTICLE 20\n\nENTRY INTO FORCE\n\n1. The Contracting States shall inform each other in writing of the completion of their internal procedures required for entry into force of this Treaty. The Treaty shall enter into force thirty days after the date of the later communication.\n\n2. Either of the Contracting States may terminate this Treaty at any time by giving notice to the other through diplomatic channels, and if such notice is given the Treaty shall cease to have effect six months after the receipt of the notice.\n\nIn witness whereof, the undersigned being duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Treaty.\n\nDone in duplicate at Canberra this the twenty third day of June, two thousand and eight, in English and Hindi both languages being equally authentic. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.\n\n| On behalf of the Government ofAustralia……………………………………… | On behalf of the Government of theRepublic of India………………………………………… |\n| ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Hon Stephen SmithMinister for Foreign Affairs          | Hon Pranab MukherjeeMinister for External affairs                   |\n\n> Note\n\n> Note: 1. All legislative instruments and compilations are registered on the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments kept under the Legislative Instruments Act 2003. See http://www.frli.gov.au.","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation remains tightly scoped to its original purpose: implementing the 2008 Australia-India Extradition Treaty. The Regulations do exactly what their enabling legislation (Extradition Act 1988) anticipates—declaring a specific country an extradition country and applying the Act subject to a treaty. There is no scope creep; the treaty terms are incorporated verbatim without expansion beyond the bilateral agreement negotiated in 2008."},"complexity_factors":["The Regulations themselves are extremely short (5 sections, ~300 words) but incorporate by reference a full bilateral treaty (20 articles, ~4,500 words)","The treaty contains 20 articles with multiple nested sub-paragraphs (e.g., Article 2 has 5 numbered paragraphs with sub-paragraphs a-f)","Multiple conditional triggers: 'shall not be granted' vs 'may be refused' vs 'may be postponed' create layered discretion","Cross-references between articles (e.g., Article 15 references Article 7 for documentation requirements)","Temporal complexity: offences committed before treaty entered force are covered if they were crimes at the time (Article 2.5)","Geographic complexity: offences committed outside requesting state's territory are handled specially (Article 2.4)","Defined terms limited to 2 in the Regulations ('Act', 'India') but treaty uses specialised terms ('Contracting States', 'Requested State', 'Requesting State', 'extraditable offence') without explicit definitions section"],"plain_english_summary":"This law makes India an extradition country under Australian law by incorporating the 2008 Australia–India Extradition Treaty, creating a legal framework for handing over people wanted for serious crimes. It sets when extradition must be refused (e.g., death penalty unless waived), can be refused (e.g., political offences), and requires dual criminality and speciality. It affects suspects, courts, police and governments in both countries and closes a gap that previously hindered returning fugitives for serious offences."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"These Regulations do not broaden or narrow the Extradition Act’s substantive reach; they designate India as an extradition country and make the Act operate in respect of India subject to the terms of the Australia–India Extradition Treaty. The instrument implements treaty obligations and procedural rules while leaving key decisions and some discretion to domestic authorities (for example, refusal grounds and requirements for assurances)."},"complexity_factors":["Incorporation of an international treaty into domestic law rather than creating standalone rules (Regulation 5; Schedule 1)","Dual‑criminality test with flexible matching of elements and category labels (Treaty Art.2(1)–(2))","Multiple discretionary and mandatory grounds for refusal, including political offences, death‑penalty assurances and non bis in idem (Treaty Art.4)","Procedural and evidentiary requirements for requests, authentication and translation (Treaty Arts.7,9)","Time‑sensitive provisional arrest regime with re‑arrest possibility (Treaty Art.10)","Speciality rule limiting post‑surrender prosecutions and third‑State extradition without consent (Treaty Art.15)","Allocation of costs between Requested and Requesting States and administrative burden on domestic authorities (Treaty Art.17)","Interplay with domestic law for extraterritorial offences, nationals’ extradition and temporary surrender/postponement (Treaty Arts.5,6,14)"],"plain_english_summary":"These Regulations declare the Republic of India to be an extradition country under the Extradition Act 1988 and apply the Australia–India Extradition Treaty (Canberra, 23 June 2008). Mechanically, they import the treaty’s rules on which offences are extraditable, procedures for provisional arrest, surrender and specialty, grounds to refuse extradition, and document/authentication requirements.\n\nThey affect persons wanted for trial or sentence enforcement, Australian and Indian authorities processing requests, and public budgets: the Requested State meets arrest/detention costs while the Requesting State pays removal expenses (Treaty Art.17). Decisions to extradite remain with the Requested State under the Treaty."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/extradition-india-regulations-2010","history":"/api/acts/extradition-india-regulations-2010/history","analysis":"/api/acts/extradition-india-regulations-2010/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/extradition-india-regulations-2010/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/extradition-india-regulations-2010/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/extradition-india-regulations-2010/documents"}}