{"id":"environmental-protection-nepmupm-regulations-2013","name":"Environmental Protection (NEPM-UPM) Regulations 2013","slug":"environmental-protection-nepm-upm-regulations-2013","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"wa","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":176600,"registerId":"wa-environmental-protection-nepmupm-regulations-2013-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Environmental Protection (NEPM-UPM) Regulations 2013","content":"![Crest]()Western Australia\n\nEnvironmental Protection Act 1986\n\nEnvironmental Protection (NEPM-UPM) Regulations 2013\n\nWestern Australia\n\nEnvironmental Protection (NEPM-UPM) Regulations 2013\n\nContents\n\nPart 1 — Preliminary\n\n1. Citation 1\n\n2. Commencement 1\n\n3. Terms used 1\n\n4. Purpose 4\n\nPart 2 — Responsibilities of certain brand owners\n\nDivision 1 — Application\n\n5. Application of this Part 5\n\nDivision 2 — Action plans\n\n6. Action plans 5\n\n7. Approval of action plans 7\n\n8. Review of action plans 7\n\nDivision 3 — Targets\n\n9. Targets 8\n\nDivision 4 — Record keeping\n\n10. Brand owner to keep information 9\n\nDivision 5 — Compliance notice\n\n11. Authorised person may give notice to comply 10\n\nPart 3 — Operators of materials recovery systems to give information to the CEO\n\n12. Local governments 11\n\n13. Other operators 11\n\nPart 4 — Appeals\n\n14. Appeals 13\n\nPart 5 — Effect of review of measure\n\n15. Revocation, variance or replacement of measure 14\n\nNotes\n\nCompilation table 15\n\nDefined terms\n\n  \n\nWestern Australia\n\nEnvironmental Protection Act 1986\n\nEnvironmental Protection (NEPM‑UPM) Regulations 2013\n\n## Part 1 — Preliminary\n\n##### 1. Citation\n\n\t\tThese regulations are the *Environmental Protection (NEPM‑UPM) Regulations 2013*.\n\n##### 2. Commencement\n\nThese regulations come into operation as follows —\n\n(a) regulations 1 and 2 — on the day on which these regulations are published in the *Gazette*;\n\n(b) the rest of the regulations — on the day after that day.\n\n##### 3. Terms used\n\nIn these regulations, unless the contrary intention appears —\n\nbrand owner means —\n\n(a) a person who is the owner or licensee in Australia of a trade mark under which a product is sold or otherwise distributed in Australia, whether the trade mark is registered or not; or\n\n(b) a person who is the franchisee in Australia of a business arrangement which allows an individual, partnership or company to operate under the name of an already established business; or\n\n(c) in the case of a product which has been imported, the first person to sell that product in Australia; or\n\n(d) in respect of in‑store packaging, the supplier of the packaging to the retailer; or\n\n(e) in respect of plastic bags, the importer or manufacturer of the plastic bags or the retailer who provides the plastic bag to the consumer at the point of sale for the transportation of products purchased by the consumer;\n\nconsumer packaging means all packaging products, including distribution packaging, made of any material, or combination of materials, for the containment, protection, marketing or handling of consumer products;\n\nCovenant means the Australian Packaging Covenant of July 2010;\n\ndistribution packaging means packaging that contains multiples of products (the same or mixed) intended for direct consumer purchase, including —\n\n(a) secondary packaging used to secure or unitise multiples of consumer products such as a cardboard box, shipper and shrink film over wrap; and\n\n(b) tertiary packaging used to secure or unitise multiples of secondary packaging such as pallet wrapping stretch film, shrink film and strapping;\n\nlandfill means —\n\n(a) a landfill site set apart by a local government under the *Health (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1911* section 119; or\n\n(b) a landfill site required to be licensed under the Act Part V, whether or not that licence is in force; or\n\n(c) premises to which the *Environmental Protection (Rural Landfill) Regulations 2002* apply;\n\nmaterials recovery system means a system to collect, sort and pre‑process materials recovered from the waste stream, including but not limited to —\n\n(a) the roadside collection of domestic solid waste separated for the purpose of recycling or for otherwise using the materials so separated; or\n\n(b) a drop‑off collection system; or\n\n(c) a public place collection; or\n\n(d) an industrial or commercial recycling collection system;\n\nplastic bag includes a single use lightweight plastic carry bag made from virgin or recycled plastic;\n\npremises means residential, industrial or other premises to which a receptacle for the collection of recyclable material has been delivered by the operator of a materials recovery system;\n\nrecovery rate, in relation to a type of consumer packaging listed in column 1 of the Tables to regulation 9(1) and (2), means the rate determined using the equation —\n\nwhere —\n\nR is the recovery rate;\n\nWR is the weight of the consumer packaging recovered from the post‑consumer waste stream;\n\nWS is the weight of the consumer packaging sold as packaging within Australia;\n\nrecyclable material means material reasonably able to be recovered, reprocessed and used as raw material for the manufacture of a new product;\n\nrecycle means recover a thing and use it as a raw material to produce another thing;\n\nreuse means use a thing for the same or similar purpose as the original purpose without subjecting the thing to a manufacturing process which would change its physical appearance;\n\nsecondary resource means a resource used or to be used —\n\n(a) to manufacture new consumer packaging or another product to replace raw or virgin materials; or\n\n(b) for energy recovery;\n\nsignatory means a signatory to the Covenant, and includes an organisation that accedes to the Covenant after it is made, whether before or after the commencement of these regulations.\n\n[Regulation 3 amended: Gazette 10 Jan 2017 p. 195.]\n\n##### 4. Purpose\n\nThe purpose of these regulations is to require certain acts to be done for the purpose of implementing the NEPM cited as the *National Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure 2011*.\n\n## Part 2 — Responsibilities of certain brand owners\n\n### Division 1 — Application\n\n##### 5. Application of this Part\n\nThis Part applies to a brand owner other than a brand owner —\n\n(a) who is a signatory to and complies with the Covenant; or\n\n(b) who is not a signatory but the CEO is satisfied that the brand owner uses consumer packaging in which the brand owner’s products are sold in a way that achieves environmental outcomes at least equivalent to the environmental outcomes for the packaging under the Covenant; or\n\n(c) who does not contribute significantly to the waste stream; or\n\n(d) the value of whose annual sales of the brand owner’s products is not more than $5 million.\n\n### Division 2 — Action plans\n\n##### 6. Action plans\n\n(1) A brand owner to which this Part applies must prepare and submit an action plan to the CEO —\n\n(a) within 6 months of the commencement of these regulations or within 6 months of becoming a brand owner to which this Part applies, whichever is the later; or\n\n(b) within 2 months of being required under regulation 8(2) to prepare and submit an action plan.\n\nPenalty: a fine of $5 000.\n\n(2) A person who commits an offence under subregulation (1) is guilty of a separate and further offence in respect of each month after the day of conviction during which the failure to prepare and submit an action plan continues and is liable in respect of each separate and further offence to a penalty of $5 000.\n\n(3) The action plan must contain the following information —\n\n(a) how the brand owner intends to ensure that consumer packaging in which the brand owner’s products are sold (owner’s packaging), or consumer packaging that is substantially similar to the owner’s packaging, is —\n\n(i) recovered; and\n\n(ii) reused, recycled or used for energy recovery;\n\n(b) the quantity of each type of consumer packaging to be —\n\n(i) recovered; and\n\n(ii) reused, recycled or used for energy recovery;\n\n(c) the recovery rate for each type of consumer packaging to be recovered;\n\n(d) how the brand owner intends to inform the public of the way in which the consumer packaging may be recovered.\n\nPenalty: a fine of $5 000.\n\n(4) The recovery rate referred to in subregulation (3)(c) must be at least equivalent to the recovery rate for that particular type of consumer packaging specified in regulation 9.\n\n(5) The action plan must state —\n\n(a) that all consumer packaging to be recovered by or for the brand owner will be reused, recycled or used for energy recovery in the following order (the preferred order) —\n\n(i) for reuse in the packaging of the brand owner’s own products;\n\n(ii) for use within the State as a secondary resource;\n\n(iii) for use within Australia as a secondary resource;\n\n(iv) for export as a secondary resource;\n\nor\n\n(b) if the brand owner considers it will be impracticable to reuse, recycle or use for energy recovery the materials in the preferred order —\n\n(i) reasons why the brand owner considers the preferred order impracticable; and\n\n(ii) the order in which the materials will be reused, recycled or used for energy recovery.\n\n(6) A brand owner to which this Part applies must —\n\n(a) prepare, maintain and implement an action plan; and\n\n(b) comply with the plan.\n\nPenalty: a fine of $5 000.\n\n##### 7. Approval of action plans\n\n(1) If a person submits an action plan to the CEO under regulation 6(1), the CEO may —\n\n(a) require that further particulars be supplied in relation to the action plan; or\n\n(b) approve the plan; or\n\n(c) reject the plan.\n\n(2) If the CEO rejects an action plan, the CEO is to give the person who submitted it written notice of the rejection and the reasons for rejecting it.\n\n##### 8. Review of action plans\n\n(1) The CEO may review an action plan approved under regulation 7(1)(b) and cancel the action plan.\n\n(2) If an action plan is cancelled, the CEO is to give the brand owner written notice of the decision to cancel it and may by the written notice require the brand owner to prepare and submit to the CEO, within the time specified in the notice, an action plan for approval.\n\n### Division 3 — Targets\n\n##### 9. Targets\n\n(1) Subject to subregulation (2), a brand owner to which this Part applies must ensure that in each financial year the recovery rate for the type of its consumer packaging listed in column 1 of the Table is not less than that listed in column 2 of that Table opposite the type of consumer packaging.\n\nPenalty: a fine of $5 000.\n\nTable\n\n| **Consumer packaging** | **Recovery rate** |\n| --- | --- |\n| Aluminium | 75% |\n| Glass | 60% |\n| Paper and cardboard | 80% |\n| Plastics: high‑density polyethylene (HDPE) | 60% |\n| Plastics: polyethylene terephthalate (PET) | 60% |\n| Plastics other than high‑density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) | 35% |\n| Steel | 65% |\n\n\n(2) A brand owner to which this Part applies must ensure that, by the start of the 2015 financial year, the recovery rate for all of its consumer packaging is not less than 70%.\n\nPenalty: a fine of $5 000.\n\n### Division 4 — Record keeping\n\n##### 10. Brand owner to keep information\n\n(1) In this regulation —\n\nconsumer packaging material means the principal components of the container and does not include incidental components, such as labels or closures.\n\n(2) A brand owner to which this Part applies must, for each financial year, keep for at least 5 years the following information for consumer packaging material used by the brand owner in the financial year —\n\n(a) the total weight of consumer packaging material used by material type;\n\n(b) the number of units of consumer packaging material by unit and material type;\n\n(c) the total weight of consumer packaging material recovered by material type;\n\n(d) the total weight of recovered consumer packaging material reused and recycled in Australia by material type;\n\n(e) the total weight of recovered consumer packaging material reused and recycled by material type through export;\n\n(f) the total kilojoules of embedded energy recovered;\n\n(g) the total weight of recovered consumer packaging material disposed of at a landfill site;\n\n(h) how consumers have been advised as to how consumer packaging material is to be recovered.\n\nPenalty: a fine of $5 000.\n\n(3) A brand owner to which this Part applies must, if requested in writing by the CEO, give the information mentioned in subregulation (2) to the CEO within 28 days after the day the CEO requests it.\n\nPenalty: a fine of $5 000.\n\n### Division 5 — Compliance notice\n\n##### 11. Authorised person may give notice to comply\n\n(1) If an authorised person believes on reasonable grounds that a brand owner has contravened regulation 6 or 10, the authorised person may give the brand owner a written notice under this regulation.\n\n(2) The notice must state —\n\n(a) the act or omission comprising the contravention; and\n\n(b) the action the brand owner may take to rectify the alleged contravention; and\n\n(c) the day by which the brand owner must take the action.\n\n(3) The stated day must be at least 2 months after the notice is given to the brand owner.\n\n(4) A brand owner must comply with the notice unless the brand owner has a reasonable excuse for not complying with it.\n\nPenalty: a fine of $5 000.\n\n(5) A brand owner cannot be prosecuted for an alleged contravention of regulation 6 or 10 unless the brand owner —\n\n(a) is given a notice under subregulation (1); and\n\n(b) does not comply with the notice.\n\n## Part 3 — Operators of materials recovery systems to give information to the CEO\n\n##### 12. Local governments\n\n(1) This regulation applies to a local government if, in its district under the *Local Government Act 1995*, it operates a materials recovery system.\n\n(2) The local government must, within 2 months after the end of each financial year in which the service operates, give to the CEO the following information relating to its district for the year —\n\n(a) what percentage of premises is covered by the system;\n\n(b) the number of premises participating in the system, expressed as a proportion of the number of premises to which the service is available;\n\n(c) the number of premises covered by the system and whether the premises are residential or non‑residential;\n\n(d) the fee (if any) charged in relation to each premises for the system;\n\n(e) the total weight of recyclable material collected by the system by material type;\n\n(f) if the material collected is sorted —\n\n(i) the total weight of each material type sold or sent for reuse, recycling or energy recovery; and\n\n(ii) the total weight of the residual fraction of each material type disposed of at a landfill site.\n\n##### 13. Other operators\n\n(1) This regulation applies where a local government or group of local governments has a new or novated contract with a person to operate a materials recovery system.\n\n(2) This regulation does not apply if a person under a contract described in subregulation (1) has provided the information referred to in regulation 12(2)(a) to (2)(f) to a local government or group of local governments under a contractual requirement.\n\n(3) Subject to subregulation (2), a person under a contract described in subregulation (1) must, within 2 months after the end of each financial year in which the system operates, give the CEO the information referred to in regulation 12(2)(a) to (2)(f).\n\nPenalty: a fine of $5 000.\n\n## Part 4 — Appeals\n\n##### 14. Appeals\n\n(1) A brand owner aggrieved by —\n\n(a) the rejection of an action plan under regulation 7(1)(c); or\n\n(b) a decision of the CEO under regulation 8(1),\n\nmay, within 21 days after the day on which the person is given notice of the rejection or decision, lodge with the Minister an appeal in writing setting out the grounds of the appeal.\n\n(2) An appeal lodged under subregulation (1) is to be treated as if it were an appeal under the Act section 102 and, for that purpose, the Act sections 102, 106, 107 and 110 apply as if the appeal were an appeal under section 102.\n\n## Part 5 — Effect of review of measure\n\n##### 15. Revocation, variance or replacement of measure\n\nThese regulations cease to have effect if the NEPM cited as the *National Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure 2011* —\n\n(a) is revoked or varied by the National Environmental Protection Council under the *National Environmental Protection Council (Western Australia) Act 1990* section 20(1); or\n\n(b) is replaced by a national environmental protection measure made by the National Environmental Protection Council under the *National Environmental Protection Council (Western Australia) Act 1990* section 14(1).\n\nNotes\n\n1 This is a compilation of the *Environmental Protection (NEPM‑UPM) Regulations 2013.* The following table contains information about those regulations.\n\nCompilation table\n\n| **Citation** | **Gazettal** | **Commencement** |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| *Environmental Protection (NEPM‑UPM) Regulations 2013* | 24 Sep 2013 p. 4399-416 | r. 1 and 2: 24 Sep 2013 (see r. 2(a));   Regulations other than r. 1 and 2: 25 Sep 2013 (see r. 2(b)) |\n| *Environment Regulations Amendment (Public Health) Regulations 2016* Pt. 5 | 10 Jan 2017 p. 191-7 | 24 Jan 2017 (see r. 2(b) and *Gazette* 10 Jan 2017 p. 165) |\n\n\nDefined terms\n\n*[This is a list of terms defined and the provisions where they are defined. The list is not part of the law.]*\n\n**Defined term Provision(s)**\n\nbrand owner 3\n\nconsumer packaging 3\n\nconsumer packaging material 10(1)\n\nCovenant 3\n\ndistribution packaging 3\n\nlandfill 3\n\nmaterials recovery system 3\n\nowner’s packaging 6(3)\n\nplastic bag 3\n\npreferred order 6(5)\n\npremises 3\n\nR 3\n\nrecovery rate 3\n\nrecyclable material 3\n\nrecycle 3\n\nreuse 3\n\nsecondary resource 3\n\nsignatory 3\n\nWR 3\n\nWS 3\n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"These regulations implement the National Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure 2011 (reg 4) and set out obligations, exemptions and enforcement mechanics to give effect to that NEPM. They expressly cease to operate if the NEPM is revoked, varied or replaced (reg 15). The instrument therefore aligns its scope with implementing the NEPM rather than expanding it."},"complexity_factors":["Detailed defined terms and tailored exemptions that limit who must comply (brand owner definition; exclusions for Covenant signatories, small sellers, insignificant contributors) — regs 3, 5.","Action plan content requirements tied to recovery and preferred reuse/recycling order, with minimum recovery rates linked to regulation 9 — regs 6(3)-(5), 9.","Material‑specific numerical recovery targets plus an overall 70% packaging recovery requirement by 2015 — reg 9(1)-(2).","Extensive record‑keeping fields and a 5‑year retention obligation, plus CEO power to request the data within 28 days — reg 10.","CEO discretion to request further particulars, approve, reject, review or cancel action plans — regs 7, 8.","Enforcement and compliance mechanics including written compliance notices, preconditions to prosecution, fixed monetary penalties and continuing monthly penalties — regs 6(1)-(2), 10(3), 11.","Annual reporting obligations for operators of materials recovery systems with multiple operational and materials flow metrics — regs 12–13.","Interaction with external instruments (the Covenant and the NEPM) and an appeal route referencing Act provisions — regs 3, 4, 14, 15.","Multiple statutory timeframes to manage (6 months to submit plans, 2 months for annual operator reports, 28 days for CEO data requests, 21 days to appeal) — regs 6, 12–13, 10(3), 14.","A technical recovery‑rate calculation that links weight sold to weight recovered (defined terms R, WR, WS) and thereby requires measurable sales and recovery data — reg 3."],"plain_english_summary":"These regulations require certain \"brand owners\" to prepare, submit and implement packaging action plans, meet material‑specific recovery targets, keep five years of packaging and recovery records, and respond to CEO approvals and compliance notices. Operators of materials recovery systems (local governments or contracted providers) must report annual coverage, participation and material flows. The instrument implements the National Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure 2011, gives the CEO decision and review powers, and prescribes penalties (commonly $5,000) for breaches."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation remains tightly scoped to its original purpose of implementing the National Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure 2011. The regulatory scheme covers brand owner obligations, materials recovery reporting, and administrative machinery (appeals, compliance notices) directly necessary for that implementation. There is no evidence of scope creep into unrelated environmental areas or significant expansion beyond the original NEPM implementation mandate."},"complexity_factors":["Moderate definition density: 18 defined terms in regulation 3, plus additional local definitions in regulations 6 and 10","Nested conditional logic in Part 2: multiple overlapping exemptions in regulation 5 (Covenant signatories, equivalent outcomes, insignificant contributors, small business threshold)","Mathematical formula for recovery rate calculation (R = WR/WS) with defined variables","Cross-references to external instruments: Australian Packaging Covenant (July 2010), National Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure 2011, and multiple other WA Acts (Health Act, Local Government Act, National Environmental Protection Council Act)","Hierarchical preference ordering in regulation 6(5) with exception clause for impracticability","Conditional application in Part 3: regulation 13 creates a complex trigger (new/novated contracts) with an exclusion clause (subregulation 2) before imposing obligations","Incorporation by reference of appeal procedures from parent Act (sections 102, 106, 107, 110 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986)","Self-executing sunset provision in regulation 15 tied to external administrative actions"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this legislation does:**\n\nThese regulations are Western Australia's way of implementing a national scheme to reduce waste from product packaging. They create a system where companies that put products into packaging (called \"brand owners\") must take responsibility for what happens to that packaging after consumers throw it away.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n\n*   **Brand owners** — companies that sell products under their brand name, plus importers, franchisees, and retailers who supply plastic bags. This includes everyone from multinational corporations to local businesses, unless they're small (under $5 million annual sales), don't produce much waste, or already participate in a voluntary industry scheme called the Australian Packaging Covenant.\n*   **Local councils** — must report on their recycling collection services.\n*   **Recycling contractors** — private companies running recycling systems for councils must also report data.\n\n**What they have to do:**\n\nBrand owners caught by these rules must:\n\n*   **Write an action plan** showing how they'll recover and recycle their packaging, hitting specific targets (for example, 80% of paper and cardboard, 60% of glass, 75% of aluminium).\n*   **Meet recovery targets** — by 2015, they needed to recover 70% of all their packaging materials.\n*   **Keep detailed records** for 5 years tracking weights of materials used, recovered, recycled, exported, or sent to landfill.\n*   **Follow a hierarchy** — reuse packaging where possible, then recycle it in Western Australia, then elsewhere in Australia, then export it. They can only skip this order if they can prove it's impractical.\n\n**Why it matters:**\n\nThis is \"extended producer responsibility\" in action — making the companies that create packaging waste responsible for cleaning it up, rather than leaving it entirely to taxpayers and local councils. It forces businesses to design packaging that can actually be recycled and to support the recycling systems that process it. The regulations act as a backstop: if companies won't voluntarily join the industry Covenant, these rules force them to meet the same environmental standards anyway.\n\n**Key features:**\n\n*   **Penalty regime:** Fines of $5,000 for non-compliance, with continuing offences for ongoing failures.\n*   **Compliance notices:** Regulators must give companies a chance to fix problems before prosecuting.\n*   **Sunset clause:** The regulations automatically die if the national measure they're based on is revoked or replaced.\n*   **Appeals:** Companies can appeal rejections of their action plans to the Minister."},"summary":{"complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Scope cannot be meaningfully assessed as the legislative text was not retrievable. The title suggests a straightforward implementation of a pre-existing national environment protection measure into Western Australian law, which would typically reflect the original national intent without significant scope change."},"complexity_factors":["The actual legislative text is unavailable — analysis is based solely on the title and contextual inference","NEPM frameworks involve intergovernmental cooperation between federal and state/territory governments, which can add regulatory layers","Used packaging material schemes typically involve industry co-regulatory arrangements that can be moderately technical"],"plain_english_summary":"These Western Australian regulations implement the National Environment Protection Measure on used packaging materials, setting how WA meets national standards to reduce packaging waste and promote recycling and reuse.  \n\nThey mainly affect businesses that manufacture, import or sell packaged goods in WA (food, beverage and consumer products), shaping compliance obligations for waste reduction and circular‑economy practices."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/environmental-protection-nepm-upm-regulations-2013","history":"/api/acts/environmental-protection-nepm-upm-regulations-2013/history","analysis":"/api/acts/environmental-protection-nepm-upm-regulations-2013/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/environmental-protection-nepm-upm-regulations-2013/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/environmental-protection-nepm-upm-regulations-2013/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/environmental-protection-nepm-upm-regulations-2013/documents"}}