{"id":"F2008B00724","name":"Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - Proclamation - Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mount Olga) National Park (24/05/1977)","slug":"environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-uluru-ayers-rock-mount-ol","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":72051,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2008B00724-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - Proclamation - Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mount Olga) National Park (24/05/1977)","content":"PROCLAMATION\n\n| Commonwealth of AustraliaA. R. CUTLERAdministrator | By His Excellency theGovernor-General ofthe Commonwealth ofAustralia |\n| -------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\nWHEREAS it is provided by sub-section (2) of section 7 of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 that, amongst other things, the Governor-General may, by Proclamation, declare an area specified in the Proclamation to be a park and assign a name to that park:\n\nAND WHEREAS it is provided by sub-section (11) of that section that the Governor-General shall not make a Proclamation under that section except after consideration by the Federal Executive Council of a report by the Director of National Parks and Wildlife in relation to the matter dealt with by the Proclamation:\n\nAND WHEREAS the Federal Executive Council has considered a report by the Director of National Parks and Wildlife in relation to declaring the area specified in the Schedule to be a park:\n\nAND WHEREAS, by reason of section 16A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901, a reference in an Act to the Governor-General is, unless the contrary intention appears, to be deemed to include the person for the time being administering the Government of the Commonwealth and is, unless the contrary intention appears, to be read as referring to that person acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council:\n\nNOW THEREFORE I, Sir Arthur Roden Cutler, the Administrator of the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby declare the area specified in the Schedule, together with the subsoil beneath the land within that area extending to a depth of 1000 metres below the surface, to be a park and assign to that park the name 'Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mount Olga) National Park'.\n\n\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\n\nSCHEDULE\n\nDescription of Area of Park\n\nAll that piece of land in the Northern Territory of Australia containing an area of 132,550 hectares more or less commencing at the intersection of the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 16 minutes south with the prolongation north of the eastern boundary of the Petermann Aboriginal Reserve, then south along that prolongation to the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 25 minutes south, then west along that parallel to the meridian of longitude 130 degrees 40 minutes east, then north along that meridian to the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 4 minutes 54 seconds south, then south easterly to a point of latitude 25 degrees 7 minutes 24 seconds south and longitude 130 degrees 45 minutes east, then south along that meridian to the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 16 minutes south, then east along that parallel to the point of commencement, excepting-\n\n(a) all that piece of land containing an area of 4.04 hectares more or less commencing at a point that bears 92 degrees 56 minutes 30 seconds for a distance of 1661.42 metres from the intersection of the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 20 minutes 13.47 seconds south with the meridian of longitude 131 degrees 2 minutes 46.87 seconds east, then bearing 150 degrees 22 minutes for a distance of 201.17 metres, 240 degrees 22 minutes for a distance of 201.17 metres, 330 degrees 22 minutes for a distance of 201.17 metres and 60 degrees 22 minutes for a distance of 201.17 metres to the point of commencement;\n\n(b) all that piece of land containing an area of 2.95 hectares more or less commencing at a point that bears 151 degrees 28 minutes 10 seconds for a distance of 2652.54 metres from the intersection of the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 20 minutes 13.47 seconds south with the meridian of longitude 131 degrees 2 minutes 46.87 seconds east, then bearing 161 degrees 58 minutes 50 seconds for a distance of 164.59 metres, 251 degrees 58 minutes 50 seconds for a distance of 179.83 metres, 341 degrees 58 minutes 50 seconds for a distance of 164.59 metres and 71 degrees 58 minutes 50 seconds for a distance of 179.83 metres to the point of commencement;\n\n(c) all that piece of land containing an area of 2.94 hectares more or less commencing at a point that bears 168 degrees 26 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 2388.26 metres from the intersection of the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 20 minutes 13.47 seconds south with the meridian of longitude 131 degrees 2 minutes 46.87 seconds east, then bearing 157 degrees 38 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 209.09 metres, 247 degrees 37 minutes 10 seconds for a distance of 140.82 metres, 337 degrees 37 minutes 30 seconds for a distance of 209.09 metres and 67 degrees 37 minutes 40 seconds for a distance of 140.82 metres to the point of commencement;\n\n(d) all that piece of land containing an area of 5.38 hectares more or less commencing at a point that bears 118 degrees 35 minutes 40 seconds for a distance of 1719.16 metres from the intersection of the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 20 minutes 13.47 seconds south with the meridian of longitude 131 degrees 2 minutes 46.87 seconds east, then bearing 108 degrees 32 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 263.88 metres, 198 degrees 43 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 201.62 metres, 287 degrees 44 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 265.95 metres and 19 degrees 17 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 205.34 metres to the point of commencement;\n\n(e) all that piece of land containing an area of 2060 square metres more or less commencing at a point that bears 128 degrees 7 minutes 30 seconds for a distance of 2021.27 metres from the intersection of the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 20 minutes 13.47 seconds south with the meridian of longitude 131 degrees 2 minutes 46.87 seconds east, then bearing 91 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 45.2 metres, 181 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 45.72 metres, 271 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 45.2 metres and 1 degree 27 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 45.72 metres to the point of commencement;\n\n(f) all that piece of land containing an area of 464 square metres more or less commencing at a point that bears 121 degrees 19 minutes 40 seconds for a distance of 663.01 metres from the intersection of the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 20 minutes 13.47 seconds south with the meridian of longitude 131 degrees 2 minutes 46.87 seconds east, then bearing 110 degrees 9 minutes 10 seconds for a distance of 30.48 metres, 200 degrees 9 minutes 10 seconds for a distance of 15.24 metres, 290 degrees 9 minutes 10 seconds for a distance of 30.48 metres and 20 degrees 9 minutes 10 seconds for a distance of 15.24 metres to the point of commencement; and\n\n(g) all that piece of land containing an area of 4040 square metres more or less commencing at a point that bears 128 degrees 7 minutes 30 seconds for a distance of 2021.27 metres and then 91 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 45.2 metres from the intersection of the parallel of latitude 25 degrees 20 minutes 13.47 seconds south with the meridian of longitude 131 degrees 2 minutes 46.87 seconds east, then bearing 91 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 88.39 metres, 181 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 45.72 metres, 271 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 88.39 metres and 1 degree 27 minutes 20 seconds for a distance of 45.72 metres to the point of commencement.\n\nGIVEN under my Hand and the Great Seal\n\n(L.S.) of Australia on 24 May 1977.\n\nBy His Excellency's Command,\n\nKEVIN NEWMAN\n\nMinister of State for Environment,\n\nHousing and Community Development\n\nGOD SAVE THE QUEEN!","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This proclamation is narrowly focused: it declares a specified area (with defined exclusions) to be a national park and names it, and it records compliance with the procedural requirements of the enabling Act. It does not expand beyond that original purpose or add new types of regulation — the scope is consistent with the instrument’s core function of park declaration and boundary definition."},"complexity_factors":["Short standalone proclamation text (single instrument)","References to two external Acts for authority (National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975; Acts Interpretation Act 1901)","Technical geographic description in the Schedule using multiple coordinates, bearings and distances","Seven small internal exclusions (Schedule items (a)–(g)) with precise measurements","Inclusion of subsoil rights to a depth of 1,000 metres (adds legal consequence beyond surface boundary)","Procedural recital referencing Federal Executive Council consideration (adds administrative-step dependency)"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does, mechanically**\n\n- Declares a specified area of land in the Northern Territory to be a national park and gives it the name **\"Uluru (Ayers Rock–Mount Olga) National Park\"**. (See the main proclamation text.)\n- The declaration expressly includes the **subsoil beneath that land down to a depth of 1,000 metres**. (Proclamation paragraph: \"together with the subsoil ... extending to a depth of 1000 metres below the surface.\")\n- The area is defined by detailed geographic coordinates, bearings and distances in the attached **Schedule**, and the Schedule also lists **several small excluded parcels** (labelled (a)–(g)).\n- The proclamation was made under the legal authority of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (specifically subsection (2) of section 7), and was made after the Federal Executive Council considered a report by the Director of National Parks and Wildlife, as required by that Act. The Administrator acted with the advice of the Federal Executive Council in accordance with the Acts Interpretation Act 1901. (See recitals.)\n\n**Who this affects**\n\n- The landowners or users of the area described in the Schedule (including any existing occupiers of the small excluded parcels) are directly affected because the area is now legally declared a national park.\n- Businesses or individuals that would seek to use the land for development, mining, large-scale agriculture, or other extractive or non‑park uses are affected because park status typically restricts such activities under the enabling Act and related regulations. The explicit inclusion of the subsoil to 1,000 metres means rights to underground resources are within the declared park area unless specifically carved out elsewhere.\n- The Commonwealth (via agencies responsible under the enabling Act) becomes the decision‑maker for the land’s management, and bears the administrative and enforcement responsibilities that follow from park status.\n\n**Why it matters (practical consequences and mechanisms)**\n\n- Legal effect: the proclamation converts a defined tract of land into a statutorily recognised national park. That status activates the management, protection and use rules set out in the relevant national parks legislation and regulations (the proclamation itself does not list those operational rules). The Schedule makes the change precise by describing the park boundary and small internal exclusions.\n- Property and resource rights: by including the subsoil to 1,000 metres, the instrument brings subsurface rights inside the declared park unless other legal instruments preserve those rights. Practically, that constrains prospecting, mining and other subsurface development unless an exemption or separate permission is granted under the controlling statutes.\n- Administrative process and discretion: the proclamation records that the Federal Executive Council considered a Director’s report before the declaration — that procedural step is required by the enabling Act. Ongoing choices about permitted uses, licences, visitor management and any exceptions will be made under the enabling Act by the bodies the Act empowers (not by the proclamation itself).\n\n**Costs, incentives and trade-offs**\n\n- Who pays: ongoing management, visitor services, enforcement and conservation costs will typically fall to the Commonwealth (or agencies it funds), creating a public expenditure commitment. The proclamation itself does not appropriate money but creates an administrative obligation.\n- Who bears private costs: parties with plans for non‑park uses (developers, extractive industries, some land users) lose or see limited scope for those activities in the declared area. Existing small excluded parcels are preserved by the Schedule, which reduces immediate disruption for those specific holders.\n- Incentives and private behaviour: park status channels private activity towards park-compatible uses (e.g. tourism, guided services, conservation partnerships). It constrains contract freedom for arrangements that would conflict with park management (for example, exclusive long‑term commercial developments or mining agreements inside the park boundary will face legal barriers unless specifically authorised).\n- Opportunity costs and substitution effects: restricting extractive or development uses in this area may shift those activities elsewhere, with effects on prices or competitiveness in affected industries; the proclamation itself does not model or compensate for such shifts.\n\n**Compliance burden and implementation risks**\n\n- Administrative burden: mapping, surveying and record‑keeping need to match the Schedule’s technical bearings, coordinates and excluded parcels to avoid boundary disputes.\n- Regulatory complexity: the proclamation does not set day‑to‑day rules — those rest on the enabling Act and later instruments, which introduces a layer of delegated rule‑making and administrative discretion in how the park is managed.\n- Enforcement and contested rights: because subsurface rights are included to a specified depth (1,000 metres), disputes could arise with parties claiming prior rights or licences; resolution will require administrative or legal processes under the applicable statutes.\n\n**Concentrated benefits and diffuse costs**\n\n- The instrument creates a legally protected area that may concentrate benefits for businesses that can operate under park rules (tour operators, cultural heritage services) and for conservation objectives. The costs of park management are borne more diffusely by public budgets and by those whose prior plans for the land are constrained.\n\n**What the proclamation does not itself do**\n\n- It does not list specific regulatory restrictions, visitor rules, licensing regimes or management plans; those are set and applied under the relevant national parks legislation and subsequent regulations or administrative decisions.\n- It does not by itself change the law outside the boundary it describes.\n\n(Authority references in the text: subsection (2) and subsection (11) of section 7 of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975; section 16A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901; the Schedule for precise boundaries and exclusions.)"},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This is the original 1977 proclamation establishing the park. The scope remains exactly as intended: creating a national park with specific boundaries and exclusions. The modern heading reference to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 reflects subsequent legislative renumbering/replacement of the original 1975 Act, not a change in the proclamation's substance or scope."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive geographical coordinates and metes-and-bounds descriptions (standard for land proclamations but dense reading)","Seven specific land exclusions with precise surveying measurements (bearings and distances)","Multiple legislative cross-references (National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975, Acts Interpretation Act 1901)","Formal procedural recitals ('WHEREAS' clauses) explaining the legal authority and process followed","Subsoil depth specification (1000 metres) adding a three-dimensional boundary element"],"plain_english_summary":"This 1977 proclamation formally created Uluru (Ayers Rock–Mount Olga) National Park, vesting about 132,550 hectares (including subsurface rights to 1,000 m) as protected land while excluding seven small parcels for existing facilities. It established the park’s name, boundaries and legal protection under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975, shaping public access, tourism and Indigenous interests (the Anangu land handback occurred later)."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-uluru-ayers-rock-mount-ol","history":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-uluru-ayers-rock-mount-ol/history","analysis":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-uluru-ayers-rock-mount-ol/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-uluru-ayers-rock-mount-ol/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-uluru-ayers-rock-mount-ol/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-uluru-ayers-rock-mount-ol/documents"}}