{"id":"F2008B00723","name":"Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - Proclamation - Pulu Keeling National Park (20/12/1995)","slug":"environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-pulu-keeling-national-par","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":72050,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2008B00723-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - Proclamation - Pulu Keeling National Park (20/12/1995)","content":"![](image.001.png)\n\nNational Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975\n\nPROCLAMATION\n\nI, WILLIAM GEORGE HAYDEN, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council following consideration by the Federal Executive Council of a report by the Director of National Parks and Wildlife:\n\n(a) under subsection 7 (2) of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975:\n\n(i) declare the area described in the Schedule to be a park; and\n\n(ii) assign the name “Pulu Keeling National Park” to the park; and\n\n(iii) declare the park to be a wilderness zone; and\n\n(b) for the purposes of subsection 7 (6) of that Act:\n\n(i) specify subsoil to the depth of 1,000 metres below the surface of any land within that area; and\n\n(ii) specify subsoil to the depth of 1,000 metres below the surface of any sea-bed within that area.\n\nSigned and sealed with the\n\nGreat Seal of Australia\n\non 12 DECEMBER 1995.\n\nBILL HAYDEN\n\nGovernor\\-General\n\nBy His Excellency's Command,\n\nJohn Faulkner\n\nMinister for the Environment, Sport and Territories\n\n  \nSCHEDULE\n\nAREA OF PULU KEELING NATIONAL PARK\n\nThe area, containing 2601.9 hectares more or less, bounded by a line commencing (under World Geodetic System 1972) at the point of intersection of the Parallel of  \nLatitude 11° 51' 23.7\" South and the Meridian of Longitude 96° 47' 59.7\" East and proceeding in a northerly direction along that Meridian to the point of intersection with Latitude 11° 48' 26.2\" South, then in an easterly direction along that Parallel to the point of intersection with Longitude 96° 50' 37.3\" East, then in a southerly direction along that Meridian to the point of intersection with Latitude 11° 51' 23.7\" South, then in a westerly direction along that Parallel to the point of commencement.","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This is a foundational proclamation that established the park. It has not grown beyond its original purpose; rather, it has been absorbed into the modern EPBC Act framework while retaining its original territorial scope."},"complexity_factors":["Single-purpose instrument with straightforward declaratory structure","Only one defined term of note: the geographical coordinates in the Schedule","No conditional logic, exceptions, or cross-references to other legislative provisions beyond the basic empowering section (s. 7 of the 1975 Act)","Standard proclamation format following a template structure","Geographical description uses technical surveying language but follows a simple rectangular boundary pattern (four points, cardinal directions)"],"plain_english_summary":"This 1995 proclamation establishes Pulu Keeling National Park on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, setting aside 2,601.9 hectares of land and sea as a wilderness zone to keep the area in a natural state and extending protection 1,000 metres below surface to prevent subsurface exploitation.\n\nIt affects visitors, potential commercial activities (fishing, tourism, research) and the Australian government as manager, safeguarding seabird colonies, coral reefs and other island ecosystems under the modern EPBC Act."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The proclamation extends the statutory scope by bringing the specified area and its subsurface (to 1,000 metres) within the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act framework: it creates the park, assigns its name and declares it a wilderness zone (preamble (a)(i)-(iii); (b)(i)-(ii); Schedule). The instrument therefore alters which land, seabed and subsurface are subject to the Act’s protections and administrative control."},"complexity_factors":["Statutory cross-reference: exercise of powers under subsection 7(2) and subsection 7(6) of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (preamble).","Executive decision-making: Governor-General acting with advice of the Federal Executive Council following a Director of National Parks and Wildlife report — concentrated decision authority in the executive (preamble).","Subsoil specification: express reservation of subsoil to a depth of 1,000 metres for both land and sea‑bed may affect mineral, petroleum and other subsurface interests (preamble (b)(i)-(ii)).","Technical boundary description: precise coordinates (World Geodetic System 1972) and area measurement (Schedule) require surveying and may create practical boundary and enforcement issues.","Zoning designation: declaration of a 'wilderness zone' and park status (preamble (a)(iii) and (a)(i)-(ii)) triggers the Act’s regulatory regime for that area.","Ambiguity marker: phrase 'more or less' in the Schedule creates minor legal uncertainty about exact area extent and potential for boundary disputes (Schedule).","Implementation silence: proclamation sets the park and subsoil reservation but does not state transitional arrangements, compensation, or how existing third‑party rights are to be handled (proclamation text lacks such detail)."],"plain_english_summary":"This proclamation, under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975, formally creates Pulu Keeling National Park, gives it that name and declares it a wilderness zone. It also reserves the subsoil beneath land and seabed within the park to a depth of 1,000 metres. It brings the specified geographic area and its subsurface under the Act’s park and zoning regime, affecting anyone with interests in surface, seabed or subsurface activities in that area."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-pulu-keeling-national-par","history":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-pulu-keeling-national-par/history","analysis":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-pulu-keeling-national-par/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-pulu-keeling-national-par/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-pulu-keeling-national-par/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-pulu-keeling-national-par/documents"}}