{"id":"F2007B00733","name":"Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - Proclamation - Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve (03/10/2002)","slug":"environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-heard-island-and-mcdonald","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":62584,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2007B00733-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 1 Definitions\n\n> Note: A number of expressions used in this Schedule are defined in the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, including the following:\n\n (a) exclusive economic zone;\n (b) IUCN category;\n (c) territorial sea.\n In this Schedule:\n\n> Australia‑France maritime delimitation line means the line commencing at the point identifier HMI‑CS‑1 in the table in Part 1 of Schedule 3 to the Seas and Submerged Lands (Limits of Continental Shelf) Proclamation 2012 and running progressive as described in that table to point identifier HMI‑CS‑8.","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Geographic coordinates standard","content":"#### 2 Geographic coordinates standard\n\n Geographic coordinates in this Schedule are determined by reference to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (2000), as defined by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service at epoch 1 January 2000.\n\n> Note: For the purposes of this instrument, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (2000) is taken to be equivalent to the World Geodetic Datum 1984 (WGS84).","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Area of reserve","content":"#### 3 Area of reserve\n\n The Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve consists of an area in the Southern Ocean that:\n (a) is enclosed by:\n (i) the boundary of the outer limit of Australia’s exclusive economic zone adjacent to Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and\n (ii) the Australia-France maritime delimitation line adjacent to Heard Island and McDonald Island; and\n (b) includes the land that forms Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and\n (c) includes the zones described in clauses 5 to 13.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zones for reserve","content":"#### 4 Zones for reserve\n\n (1) The Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve is divided into the zones described in clauses 5 to 13.\n (2) The zones described in clauses 5 to 8 are assigned to IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve).\n (3) The zones described in clauses 9 to 12 are assigned to IUCN category II (national park).\n (4) The zone described in clause 13 is assigned to IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area).","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zone 1 of reserve—strict nature reserve","content":"#### 5 Zone 1 of reserve—strict nature reserve\n\n Zone 1 of the reserve (also identified as HIMISAN01) consists of an area bounded by the line commencing at the point described in item 1 of the following table and running progressively as described in the table.\n\n```html\n

Zone 1 of reserve

Item

Description

1

The point of latitude 51°30′35″S, longitude 71°15′40″E

2

North‑westerly along the geodesic to the intersection of the meridian of longitude 71°10′00″E and the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line

3

South‑westerly along the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line to latitude 51°36′00″S

4

Easterly along the parallel to latitude 51°36′00″S, longitude 71°00′00″E

5

North‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of commencement

\n```","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zone 2 of reserve—strict nature reserve","content":"#### 6 Zone 2 of reserve—strict nature reserve\n\n Zone 2 of the reserve (also identified as HIMISAN02) consists of an area bounded by the line commencing at the point described in item 1 of the following table and running progressively as described in the table.\n\n```html\n

Zone 2 of reserve

Item

Description

1

The point of latitude 51°50′00″S, longitude 70°54′00″E

2

South‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 52°25′30″S, longitude 71°32′30″E

3

South‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 52°40′00″S, longitude 72°00′00″E

4

North‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 52°30′51″S, longitude 72°23′26″E

5

North‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 52°07′08″S, longitude 71°56′24″E

6

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 51°38′00″S, longitude 71°24′00″E

7

South‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of commencement

\n```","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zone 3 of reserve—strict nature reserve","content":"#### 7 Zone 3 of reserve—strict nature reserve\n\n Zone 3 of the reserve (also identified as HIMISAN03) consists of an area bounded by the line commencing at the point described in item 1 of the following table and running progressively as described in the table.\n\n```html\n

Zone 3 of reserve

Item

Description

1

The point of latitude 52°57′00″S, longitude 72°08′00″E

2

South‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 53°03′00″S, longitude 72°14′30″E

3

South along the meridian to latitude 53°30′00″S, longitude 72°14′30″E

4

East along the parallel of latitude 53°30′00″S to longitude 74°12′00″E

5

North along the meridian of longitude 74°12′00″E to its intersection by the outer limit of the territorial sea

6

Anti-clockwise along the outer limit of the territorial sea to longitude 74°12′00″E

7

North along the meridian to latitude 53°01′00″S, longitude 74°12′00″E

8

North along the meridian to latitude 52°04′00″S, longitude 74°12′00″E

9

North‑westerly along the geodesic to the intersection of the meridian of longitude 73°17′00″E and the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line

10

South‑westerly along the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line to longitude 72°17′00″E

11

South‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 51°43′54″S, longitude 72°54′56″E

12

South‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 52°08′00″S, longitude 73°20′00″E

13

South along the meridian of longitude 73°20′00″E to its intersection by the outer limit of the territorial sea

14

Anti‑clockwise along the outer limit of the territorial sea to longitude 72°48′00″E

15

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 52°33′28″S, longitude 72°26′21″E

16

South‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 52°52′28″S, longitude 72°18′09″E

17

South‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of commencement

\n```","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zone 4 of reserve—strict nature reserve","content":"#### 8 Zone 4 of reserve—strict nature reserve\n\n Zone 4 of the reserve (also identified as HIMISAN04) consists of an area bounded by the line commencing at the point described in item 1 of the following table and running progressively as described in the table.\n\n```html\n

Zone 4 of reserve

Item

Description

1

The point of latitude 51°55′00″S, longitude 75°35′09″E

2

East along the parallel of latitude 51°55′00″S to longitude 76°30′00″E

3

North along the meridian to latitude 51°46′27″S, longitude 76°30′00″E

4

East along the parallel of latitude 51°46′27″S to longitude 76°35′42″E

5

South‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 51°55′00″S, longitude 76°53′46″E

6

East along the parallel of latitude 51°55′00″S to the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone

7

Anti‑clockwise along the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone to the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line

8

South‑westerly along the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line to longitude 75°00′00″E

9

South‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 50°40′00″S, longitude 75°30′18″E

10

West along the parallel of latitude 50°40′00″S to longitude 74°41′00″E

11

South‑easterly along the geodesic to the point of commencement

\n```","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zone 5 of reserve—national park","content":"#### 9 Zone 5 of reserve—national park\n\n Zone 5 of the reserve (also identified as HIMINP05) consists of an area bounded by the line commencing at the point described in item 1 of the following table and running progressively as described in the table.\n\n```html\n

Zone 5 of reserve

Item

Description

1

The point of intersection of the meridian of longitude 76°14′16″E and the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone

2

North along the meridian of longitude 76°14′16″E to latitude 55°15′50″S

3

West along the parallel of latitude 55°15′50″S to longitude 73°19′09″E

4

North along the meridian of longitude 73°19′09″E to latitude 54°21′08″S

5

West along the parallel of latitude 54°21′08″S to longitude 69°30′00″E

6

North along the meridian of longitude 69°30′00″E to the intersection of the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line

7

Anti‑clockwise along the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line to the intersection of the exclusive economic zone

8

Anti‑clockwise along the outer edge of the exclusive economic zone to the point of commencement

\n```","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zone 6 of reserve—national park","content":"#### 10 Zone 6 of reserve—national park\n\n Zone 6 of the reserve (also identified as HIMINP06) consists of an area bounded by the line commencing at the point described in item 1 of the following table and running progressively as described in the table.\n\n```html\n

Zone 6 of reserve

Item

Description

1

The point of latitude 52°07′08″S, longitude 71°56′24″E

2

South‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 52°30′51″S, longitude 72°23′26″E

3

South‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 52°33′28″S, longitude 72°26′21″E

4

South‑easterly along the geodesic to its intersection by the outer limit of the territorial sea with the meridian of longitude 72°48′00″E

5

Clockwise along the outer limit of the territorial sea to the meridian of longitude 73°20′00″E

6

North along the meridian of longitude 73°20′00″E to latitude 52°08′00″S

7

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 51°43′54″S, longitude 72°54′56″E

8

South‑westerly along the geodesic to the point of commencement

\n```","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zone 7 of reserve—national park","content":"#### 11 Zone 7 of reserve—national park\n\n Zone 7 of the reserve (also identified as HIMINP07) consists of an area bounded by the line commencing at the point described in item 1 of the following table and running progressively as described in the table.\n\n```html\n

Zone 7 of reserve

Item

Description

1

The point of latitude 53°03′44″S, longitude 78°10′09″E

2

South along the meridian of longitude 78°10′09″E to latitude 54°38′36″S

3

East along the parallel of latitude 54°38′36″S to the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone

4

Anti‑clockwise along the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone to its intersection with the parallel of latitude 53°03′44″S

5

West along the geodesic to the point of commencement

\n```","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zone 8 of reserve—national park","content":"#### 12 Zone 8 of reserve—national park\n\n Zone 8 of the reserve (also identified as HIMINP08) consists of an area bounded by the line commencing at the point described in item 1 of the following table and running progressively as described in the table.\n\n```html\n

Zone 8 of reserve

Item

Description

1

The point of latitude 52°10′17″S, longitude 74°21′39″E

2

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 52°04′00″S, longitude 74°12′00″E

3

South along the meridian of longitude 74°12′00″E to latitude 53°01′00″S

4

East along the parallel of latitude 53°01′00″S to longitude 74°21′39″E

5

North along the meridian to the point of commencement

\n```","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Zone 9 of reserve—habitat/species management area","content":"#### 13 Zone 9 of reserve—habitat/species management area\n\n Zone 9 of the reserve (also identified as HIMIHP09) consists of an area bounded by the line commencing at the point described in item 1 of the following table and running progressively as described in the table.\n\n```html\n

Zone 9 of reserve

Item

Description

1

The point of latitude 54°21′08″S, longitude 69°30′00″E

2

East along the parallel of latitude 54°21′08″S to longitude 73°19′09″E

3

South along the meridian of longitude 73°19′09″E to latitude 55°15′50″S

4

East along the parallel of latitude 55°15′50″S to longitude 76°14′16″E

5

South along the meridian of longitude 76°14′16″E to its intersection by the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone

6

Anti‑clockwise along the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone to latitude 54°38′36″S

7

West along the parallel of latitude 54°38′36″S to longitude 78°10′09″E

8

North along the meridian of longitude 78°10′09″E to latitude 53°03′44″S

9

East along the parallel of latitude 53°03′44″S to its intersection by the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone

10

Anti‑clockwise along the outer limit of the exclusive economic zone to latitude 51°55′00″S

11

West along the parallel of latitude 51°55′00″S to longitude 76°53′46″E

12

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 51°46′27″S, longitude 76°35′42″E

13

West along the parallel of latitude 51°46′27″S to longitude 76°30′00″E

14

South along the meridian of longitude 76°30′00″E to latitude 51°55′00″S

15

West along the parallel of latitude 51°55′00″S to longitude 75°35′09″E

16

South along the meridian of longitude 75°35′09″E to latitude 53°01′00″S

17

West along the parallel of latitude 53°01′00″S to longitude 74°21′39″E

18

West along the parallel of latitude 53°01′00″S to longitude 74°12′00″E

19

South along the meridian of longitude 74°12′00″E to its intersection with the outer limit of the territorial sea

20

Clockwise along the outer limit of the territorial sea to the meridian of longitude 74°12′00″E

21

South along the meridian of longitude 74°12′00″E to latitude 53°30′00″S

22

West along the parallel of latitude 53°30′00″S to longitude 72°14′30″E

23

North along the meridian of longitude 72°14′30″E to latitude 53°03′00″S

24

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 52°57′00″S, longitude 72°08′00″E

25

North‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 52°52′28″S, longitude 72°18′09″E

26

North‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 52°33′28″S, longitude 72°26′21″E

27

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 52°30′51″S, longitude 72°23′26″E

28

South‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 52°40′00″S, longitude 72°00′00″E

29

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 52°25′30″S, longitude 71°32′30″E

30

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 51°50′00″S, longitude 70°54′00″E

31

North‑easterly along the geodesic to latitude 51°38′00″S, longitude 71°24′00″E

32

North‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 51°30′35″S, longitude 71°15′40″E

33

South‑westerly along the geodesic to latitude 51°36′00″S, longitude 71°00′00″E

34

Westerly along the parallel of latitude 51°36′00″S to its intersection with the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line

35

Anti‑clockwise along the Australia‑France maritime delimitation line to longitude 69°30′00″E

36

South along the meridian to the point of commencement

\n```","sortOrder":12}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This proclamation defines the reserve's geographic extent and zone designations under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation framework. The text contains no provision that expands or reduces the Act’s statutory scope; it exercises the Act’s power to proclaim protected areas and allocate zone categories (see clauses 3–4 and clauses 5–13)."},"complexity_factors":["Highly technical, coordinate-based boundary definitions across nine separate zones (clauses 5–13) increase mapping and compliance complexity.","Different management regimes through IUCN category assignments (clause 4) require distinct legal treatment and enforcement approaches.","Cross-reference to external instruments: the Australia–France maritime delimitation line is defined by another proclamation (see Definitions, clause 1), creating interpretive dependency.","Geodetic standard set to ITRF2000 (equivalent to WGS84) (clause 2) reduces datum ambiguity but imposes technical requirements on mapping and navigation.","Use of phrases like 'outer limit of the territorial sea' and 'outer limit of the exclusive economic zone' (clause 3 and multiple zone clauses) ties application to separate boundary determinations, adding jurisdictional complexity.","Operational and enforcement burdens are concentrated by place: remote location magnifies monitoring, charting, and compliance costs for vessel operators and enforcing agencies (clause 3; clauses 5–13).","Mixture of geodesic, meridian/parallel, and 'anti‑clockwise/clockwise along outer limit' instructions increases the risk of drafting or interpretation errors when converting text to electronic charts (clauses 5–13).","The instrument is declaratory (defines area and zoning) rather than amending substantive statutory duties, which simplifies some legal questions but keeps technical implementation responsibilities with regulators and users (clauses 3–4)."],"plain_english_summary":"Creates a marine reserve around Heard Island and McDonald Islands by mapping exact boundaries and dividing the area into nine zones assigned IUCN protection categories. It fixes the geodetic standard for coordinates and ties the reserve to Australia’s exclusive economic zone and the Australia–France maritime delimitation line.\n\nAnyone conducting marine activities (fishing, research, shipping, or tourism) inside the territorial sea or EEZ will face zone-specific restrictions; compliance, charting and enforcement costs fall on operators and the administering authorities."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This proclamation appears to serve its original purpose: establishing a marine reserve with defined boundaries and zoning. The scope remains focused on spatial delineation and conservation categorisation without significant expansion into unrelated policy areas."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive use of precise geographic coordinates (latitude/longitude to the second) requiring specialist cartographic knowledge to interpret","References to external legal instruments including the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Seas and Submerged Lands (Limits of Continental Shelf) Proclamation 2012","Technical maritime boundary concepts: exclusive economic zone, territorial sea, geodesic lines, and maritime delimitation lines","9 separate zones with distinct IUCN protection categories requiring cross-referencing to international conservation standards","Complex spatial descriptions using directional bearings (north-westerly, anti-clockwise) and intersection points with other legal boundaries"],"plain_english_summary":"This law establishes a marine reserve around Heard and McDonald Islands, extending to Australia’s exclusive economic zone, and divides it into nine management zones with varying protection levels from strict no‑access to managed‑use areas.\n\nIt restricts commercial fishing and other extractive activities, allows scientific access by permit, places management with the Director of National Parks, and protects key wildlife and Patagonian toothfish in a near‑pristine Southern Ocean ecosystem."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-heard-island-and-mcdonald","history":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-heard-island-and-mcdonald/history","analysis":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-heard-island-and-mcdonald/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-heard-island-and-mcdonald/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-heard-island-and-mcdonald/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-proclamation-heard-island-and-mcdonald/documents"}}