{"id":"electricity-principles-of-vegetation-clearance-regulations-2021","name":"Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2021","slug":"electricity-principles-of-vegetation-clearance-regulations-2021","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"sa","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":235401,"registerId":"sa-electricity-principles-of-vegetation-clearance-regulations-2021-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-06","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2021","content":"South Australia\nElectricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2021\nunder the Electricity Act 1996\n\nContents\n1\tShort title\n2\tCommencement\n3\tInterpretation\n4\tDuty of electricity entity or council\n5\tDuty of occupier\n6\tPlanting and nurturing vegetation near powerlines\n7\tTechnical Regulator may grant exemption from principles of vegetation clearance\n8\tVegetation clearance scheme outside prescribed areas agreed between council and electricity entity\n9\tAgreement between occupier and electricity entity\n10\tObjections relating to vegetation clearance\n11\tNotification of clearance by electricity entity to council\n12\tElectricity entity vegetation clearance power—prescribed qualification\nSchedule 1—Clearance and buffer zones around overhead powerlines\n1\tLegend for diagrams\n2\tClearance zone around overhead powerlines on public land in a non‑bushfire risk area\n3\tClearance and buffer zones around overhead powerlines on private land in a non‑bushfire risk area\n4\tClearance and buffer zones around overhead powerlines in the bushfire risk area\n5\tTables for determination of value of V, H, B, S and P\n6\tTechnical Regulator may determine values for clearance zone around particular powerline in certain circumstances\nSchedule 2—Planting or nurturing vegetation near public powerlines\n1\tInterpretation\n2\tGeneral rules\n3\tExemption\n4\tTable\nSchedule 3—Revocation of Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010\nLegislative history\n\n1—Short title\nThese regulations may be cited as the Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2021.\n2—Commencement\nThese regulations come into operation on 1 September 2021.\n3—Interpretation\n\t(1)\tIn these regulations, unless the contrary intention appears—\nAct means the Electricity Act 1996;\nbuffer zone, in relation to an overhead powerline in the bushfire risk area or on private land in a non‑bushfire risk area, means the space around the powerline that adjoins the clearance zone around that powerline, as shown in the diagrams in Schedule 1;\nbushfire risk area means the part of the State shown in the maps published on a website determined by the Technical Regulator and identified as the bushfire risk area (and excluding the areas shown in those maps as non‑bushfire risk areas);\ncentreline, in relation to a powerline, means—\n\t(a)\tin the case of an underground powerline—\n\t(i)\tthat consists of a single conductor—an imaginary line on the ground directly above that conductor; or\n\t(ii)\tthat consists of more than 1 conductor—an imaginary line on the ground above the powerline that is equidistant from the outer conductors; or\n\t(b)\tin the case of an overhead powerline—\n\t(i)\tthat consists of a single conductor—an imaginary line on the ground directly beneath the position maintained by that conductor in still air; or\n\t(ii)\tthat consists of more than 1 conductor—an imaginary line on the ground below the powerline that is equidistant from the positions maintained by the outer conductors in still air;\nclearance zone means the space around an overhead powerline as shown in the diagrams in Schedule 1 (the values of V, H, B, S and P referred to in those diagrams being determined by reference to the tables in Schedule 1 clause 5 or, if a determination of the Technical Regulator under Schedule 1 clause 6 is in force in relation to a particular powerline, that determination);\nlow risk powerline means an overhead powerline or portion of an overhead powerline—\n\t(a)\tthat is in a prescribed area; and\n\t(b)\teach span of which does not exceed 50 m and has low voltage conductors;\nlow voltage conductor means a conductor constructed to operate at a voltage not exceeding 480V;\nnon-bushfire risk area means a part of the State not within the bushfire risk area;\nprescribed area—see subregulation (3);\nprivate powerline—see subregulation (2);\npublic land means land other than private land;\nspan, in relation to an overhead powerline, means the part of the powerline that lies between 2 poles or other supports for that line.\n\t(2)\tFor the purposes of the definition of private powerline in section 4(1) of the Act, the prescribed voltage is 19kV.\n\t(3)\tFor the purposes of Part 5 of the Act and these regulations, each non‑bushfire risk area (or portion of a non‑bushfire risk area) that is shown in a map published on a website determined by the Technical Regulator is a prescribed area except where such an area (or portion of such an area) is indicated to be a non‑bushfire risk area (not prescribed).\n4—Duty of electricity entity or council\n\t(1)\tThe principles of vegetation clearance set out in this regulation are prescribed for the purposes of Part 5 of the Act and govern the duty of an electricity entity or a council to take reasonable steps to keep vegetation clear of powerlines.\n\t(2)\tAt intervals of no longer than 3 years, overhead powerlines must be inspected and vegetation cleared as follows:\n\t(a)\tin the case of powerlines other than low risk powerlines—vegetation must be cleared so that—\n\t(i)\tno vegetation remains in the clearance zone surrounding the powerline in still air at the time of the clearance; and\n\t(ii)\tno growth or regrowth is likely to intrude into the clearance zone within 3 years (or, if an inspection and clearance is scheduled to take place in less than 3 years, within that lesser period), taking into account the reasonably ascertainable characteristics of the powerline and vegetation; and\n\t(iii)\tno part of the vegetation or growth or regrowth is likely to bend in the wind into the clearance zone at the time of clearance or within 3 years (or, if an inspection and clearance is scheduled to take place in less than 3 years, within that lesser period), taking into account the reasonably ascertainable characteristics of the powerline and vegetation and winds that might reasonably be expected in the area;\n\t(b)\tin the case of low risk powerlines—vegetation must be cleared—\n\t(i)\tin accordance with the principles set out in paragraph (a); or\n\t(ii)\tso that no part of the vegetation or growth or regrowth is likely to come into contact with the powerline (including by bending in the wind) so as to—\n\t(A)\tform a leakage current to ground through the vegetation resulting in a risk of fire or electric shock; or\n\t(B)\tform an electrical path for tracking voltage exceeding 480V into low voltage conductors; or\n\t(C)\tbridge 2 or more low voltage conductors resulting in a phase to phase or phase to neutral breach; or\n\t(D)\tcause damage to the powerline resulting in a risk of fire, electric shock or loss of electricity supply,\nat the time of the clearance or within 3 years (or, if an inspection and clearance is scheduled to take place in less than 3 years, within that lesser period), taking into account the reasonably ascertainable characteristics of the powerline and the vegetation and winds that might reasonably be expected in the area.\n\t(3)\tIf the supporting structure of a low risk powerline also supports conductors that are not low voltage conductors, then—\n\t(a)\tthe principles set out in subregulation (2)(a) apply in relation to the conductors that are not low voltage conductors; and\n\t(b)\tthe principles set out in subregulation (2)(b) apply in relation to the low voltage conductors.\n\t(4)\tThe principles set out in subregulation (2)(b)(ii) only apply if the Technical Regulator has given approval to the electricity entity or council to keep vegetation clear of the powerlines in accordance with those principles.\n\t(5)\tIf an electricity entity has the duty to keep vegetation clear of the powerlines—\n\t(a)\tthe entity must not, in clearing vegetation in accordance with the principles set out in subregulation (2)(a), clear vegetation from around an overhead powerline—\n\t(i)\tmore than is reasonably necessary to satisfy those principles; or\n\t(ii)\tif there is a buffer zone around the powerline, beyond the buffer zone,\nexcept if—\n\t(iii)\tit is reasonably necessary to do so for the purposes of—\n\t(A)\tenhancing the stability or health of remaining vegetation; or\n\t(B)\tenhancing the appearance of remaining vegetation (but in that case, if there is a buffer zone around the powerline, the vegetation must not be cleared beyond the buffer zone); or\n\t(iv)\tthe vegetation to be cleared consists of plants that have grown wholly in the immediately preceding 5 years and the vegetation is identified as being of a species that will grow into the clearance zone around the powerline; or\n\t(v)\tthe entity agrees, at the request of the occupier of the land on which the vegetation is situated, to undertake the clearance and the clearance would not be contrary to the provisions of any other law if carried out by the occupier; and\n\t(b)\tthe entity must not, in clearing vegetation in accordance with the principles set out in subregulation (2)(b)(ii), clear more vegetation than it could by clearing in accordance with the principles set out in subregulation (2)(a).\n\t(6)\tThe Technical Regulator may require an electricity entity to prepare guidelines in respect of the clearance of vegetation in accordance with subregulation (5)(a)(iv).\n\t(7)\tIf a council has the duty to keep vegetation clear of the powerlines, the council need not, in clearing vegetation in accordance with the principles set out in subregulation (2)(b)(ii), clear more vegetation than would be reasonably necessary to satisfy the principles set out in subregulation (2)(a).\n5—Duty of occupier\n\t(1)\tThe principles of vegetation clearance set out in this regulation are prescribed for the purposes of Part 5 of the Act and govern the duty of an occupier of private land to take reasonable steps to keep vegetation clear of private powerlines on the land.\n\t(2)\tAn occupier of private land must keep vegetation (other than naturally occurring vegetation) clear of any private overhead powerline on that land so that—\n\t(a)\tno part of the vegetation at any time intrudes into the clearance zone around that powerline in still air; and\n\t(b)\tno part of the vegetation is at any time likely to bend into that zone in winds that might reasonably be expected in the area.\n\t(3)\tAn occupier of private land is not required to clear vegetation beyond the buffer zone around any powerline.\n\t(4)\tAn occupier of private land must not clear vegetation which the occupier may not lawfully clear apart from this regulation—\n\t(a)\tmore than is reasonably necessary to satisfy the requirements of subregulation (2) and for the purposes of enhancing the appearance, stability or health of any remaining vegetation; or\n\t(b)\tif there is a buffer zone around the powerline, beyond the buffer zone.\n6—Planting and nurturing vegetation near powerlines\nFor the purposes of Part 5 of the Act, Schedule 2 sets out requirements for planting or nurturing vegetation near powerlines.\n7—Technical Regulator may grant exemption from principles of vegetation clearance\n\t(1)\tThe Technical Regulator may, on application—\n\t(a)\texempt an occupier of land on which vegetation is planted or nurtured for commercial purposes (not including the production of timber) from compliance with regulation 5; or\n\t(b)\texempt a person from compliance with a provision of Schedule 2 in relation to specified vegetation.\n\t(2)\tAn application under this regulation must—\n\t(a)\tbe made in a form approved by the Technical Regulator; and\n\t(b)\tcontain the information specified in the form; and\n\t(c)\tbe accompanied by an application fee fixed by the Minister.\n\t(3)\tBefore determining an application under this regulation, the Technical Regulator must give the electricity entity or council with the duty to keep the vegetation clear of powerlines a reasonable opportunity to make submissions and be heard on the matter.\n\t(4)\tAn exemption under this regulation—\n\t(a)\tmust be in writing; and\n\t(b)\tmay be subject to conditions, including a condition that the applicant is to pay any costs that the electricity entity or council incur in keeping the vegetation clear of powerlines in accordance with these regulations.\n\t(5)\tA person who contravenes, or fails to comply with, a condition of an exemption under this regulation is guilty of an offence.\nMaximum penalty: $5 000.\nExpiation fee: $315.\n8—Vegetation clearance scheme outside prescribed areas agreed between council and electricity entity\n\t(1)\tThis regulation applies to public land in a non‑bushfire risk area but not within a prescribed area.\n\t(2)\tAn electricity entity may agree a vegetation clearance scheme with a council governing the way in which the entity will carry out its duty to clear vegetation in the area of the council or part of that area.\n\t(3)\tThe factors that should be taken into consideration in formulating a scheme include the following:\n\t(a)\tthe nature of the vegetation, including its expected rate of growth;\n\t(b)\tthe impact that the clearance work would be likely to have on the amenity of the area;\n\t(c)\tthe historical or biological significance (if any) of the vegetation;\n\t(d)\tthe long term effect that the clearance work would be likely to have on the health and appearance of the vegetation;\n\t(e)\tthe controls on the planting and nurturing of vegetation applicable in the area;\n\t(f)\tthe need to prevent damage to the powerlines and interruption to the supply of electricity and to safeguard the public against electric shock and damage to property;\n\t(g)\tthe extent and frequency of past vegetation clearance in the area;\n\t(h)\twhether requirements with respect to vegetation clearance and the planting and nurturing of vegetation have been complied with in the area and, if not, the reasons for the non‑compliance;\n\t(i)\tthe existence and terms of other vegetation clearance schemes;\n\t(j)\tany proposal to alter, remove or underground powerlines in the area;\n\t(k)\tthe costs of the proposals (including insurance premiums) to the council and to the electricity entity and the financial resources of the council and entity;\n\t(l)\tthe limits on the financial and other resources of the electricity entity that may be devoted to the scheme and the schemes for the areas of other councils;\n\t(m)\tany arrangement between the electricity entity and the council conferring on the council a specified role in relation to vegetation clearance.\n\t(4)\tA scheme cannot derogate from the principles set out in regulation 4.\n\t(5)\tA scheme—\n\t(a)\tmust be in writing and executed by the council and the electricity entity (however, separate execution is not required if the scheme is combined with an arrangement under Part 5 of the Act conferring on the council a specified role in relation to vegetation clearance); and\n\t(b)\tmay be varied or revoked by written agreement between the parties.\n\t(6)\tA vegetation clearance scheme as agreed has effect, and may be enforced, as a contract between the electricity entity and the council concerned.\n9—Agreement between occupier and electricity entity\n\t(1)\tAn electricity entity may enter into an agreement with an occupier of private land under which—\n\t(a)\tvegetation around powerlines in a specified area of the land is to be inspected and cleared more frequently than required under regulation 4; or\n\t(b)\tthe occupier undertakes to carry out the required inspection and clearance of vegetation on that land on behalf of the entity.\n\t(2)\tThe agreement—\n\t(a)\tmust be in writing and executed by the occupier and the electricity entity; and\n\t(b)\tmust specify—\n\t(i)\tthe area concerned; and\n\t(ii)\tthe intervals at which inspection and clearance must be carried out; and\n\t(iii)\tunless the occupier undertakes to carry out the inspections and clearance on behalf of the electricity entity—the payments agreed between the parties in respect of the costs of the additional work required under the agreement; and\n\t(c)\tmay be varied or revoked by further written agreement between the parties; and\n\t(d)\thas effect, and may be enforced, as a contract between the electricity entity and the occupier.\n10—Objections relating to vegetation clearance\n\t(1)\tAn occupier or owner of private land may lodge an objection with the Technical Regulator concerning a matter set out in a notice of intention to enter land to carry out work received from an electricity entity or council under Part 5 of the Act.\n\t(2)\tAn objection under this regulation must—\n\t(a)\tbe made to the Technical Regulator in writing; and\n\t(b)\tbe lodged with the Technical Regulator within 21 days after receipt of the notice to which the objection relates or such further time as the Technical Regulator allows.\n\t(3)\tThe Technical Regulator must, on receipt of an objection, notify the electricity entity or council, as the case may require, of the objection.\n\t(4)\tOn receiving notification of the objection, the electricity entity or council is prohibited from carrying out the clearance of vegetation to which the objection relates until the objection has been determined by the Technical Regulator.\n\t(5)\tThe Technical Regulator may—\n\t(a)\tdismiss the objection; or\n\t(b)\tdirect the electricity entity or council to take or to refrain from taking any specified action in relation to the matter; or\n\t(c)\tif the objector and the electricity entity or council have reached an agreement as to how the objection might be resolved, and the agreement does not involve a breach of these regulations—determine the objection so as to reflect the agreement.\n\t(6)\tThe Technical Regulator may dismiss the objection—\n\t(a)\ton the ground that—\n\t(i)\tthe subject matter of the objection is substantially the same as the subject matter of an objection previously considered; or\n\t(ii)\tthe objection is frivolous or vexatious or without reasonable basis; or\n\t(iii)\tthe objector has not made a reasonable attempt to resolve the matter by agreement with the electricity entity or council; or\n\t(b)\tif satisfied that the objector and the electricity entity or council have entered into an agreement under regulation 9 that relates to the subject matter of the objection; or\n\t(c)\tif satisfied for any other reason that the objection should not be allowed.\n\t(7)\tThe Technical Regulator must, as soon as practicable, notify the objector and the electricity entity or council, as the case may require, of the Technical Regulator's determination of the objection.\n\t(8)\tAn electricity entity or council must, when giving notice of an intention to enter private land to carry out work under Part 5 of the Act, include in or with the notice a statement of the rights of the owner or occupier to lodge an objection under this regulation.\n11—Notification of clearance by electricity entity to council\n\t(1)\tAn electricity entity must give a council not less than 30 days written notice before commencing a program of vegetation clearance in the area of the council, including details of when and where clearance is to take place under the program.\n\t(2)\tSubregulation (1) does not apply if the clearance work to be carried out is subject to a vegetation clearance scheme.\n12—Electricity entity vegetation clearance power—prescribed qualification\nFor the purposes of section 55AA(2) of the Act, the prescribed qualification is a diploma in arboriculture obtained from a training organisation registered under the South Australian Skills Act 2008 or a law of the Commonwealth, or another State or Territory, relating to training and skills development.\nSchedule 1—Clearance and buffer zones around overhead powerlines\n1—Legend for diagrams\n\n2—Clearance zone around overhead powerlines on public land in a non‑bushfire risk area\n\t(1)\tDiagram A—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—fully insulated or low voltage\nThis diagram applies to a powerline that has conductors which are fully insulated (for example, aerial bundled cables) or low voltage conductors.\nThe clearance zone as shown extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\n\n\t(2)\tDiagram B—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—insulated unscreened\nThis diagram applies to a powerline the conductors of which are Insulated Unscreened Conductor (\"IUC\" or \"CCT\").\nThe clearance zone as shown extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\n\n\t(3)\tDiagram C—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV\nThese diagrams apply to a powerline, the conductors of which are not insulated, constructed to operate at a voltage of more than 480V but less than 33kV.\nDiagram C.1 shows the clearance zone at the pole or other support at the end of each span of the powerline.\nDiagram C.2 shows the clearance zone at mid span (as shown in diagrams C.3 and C.4) for each span of the powerline.\nDiagrams C.3 and C.4 show the manner in which the clearance zone extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nThe values of V, H and P are set out in Tables 1 and 2 in clause 5.\nC.1—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV—at each end of span\n\nC.2—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV—mid span (as shown in diagrams C.3 and C.4)\n\nC.3—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV—view of clearance zone from above\n\nC.4—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV—view of clearance zone from side\n\n\t(4)\tDiagram D—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV\nThese diagrams apply to a powerline, the conductors of which are not insulated, constructed to operate at a voltage from 33kV to 66kV inclusive.\nDiagram D.1 shows the clearance zone at the pole or other support at the end of each span of the powerline.\nDiagram D.2 shows the clearance zone at mid span (as shown in diagrams D.3 and D.4) for each span of the powerline.\nDiagrams D.3 and D.4 show the manner in which the clearance zone extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nThe values of V, H and P are set out in Table 3 in clause 5.\nD.1—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—at each end of a span\n\nD.2—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—mid span (as shown in diagrams D.3 and D.4)\n\nD.3—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—view of clearance zone from above\n\nD.4—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—view of clearance zone from side\n\n\t(5)\tDiagram E—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV\nThese diagrams apply to a powerline, the conductors of which are not insulated, constructed to operate at a voltage from 132kV to 275kV inclusive.\nDiagram E.1 shows the clearance zone at the pole or other support at the end of each span of the powerline.\nDiagram E.2 shows the clearance zone at mid span (as shown in diagrams E.3 and E.4) for each span of the powerline.\nDiagrams E.3 and E.4 show the manner in which the clearance zone extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nThe values of V, H, S and P are set out in Table 4 in clause 5.\nThe 45° component of the clearance zone is determined as being 3 m from the 45° cutoff line.\nE.1—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—at each end of a span\n\nE.2—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—mid span (as shown in diagrams E.3 and E.4)\n\nE.3—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—view of clearance zone from above\n\nE.4—public land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—view of clearance zone from side\n\n3—Clearance and buffer zones around overhead powerlines on private land in a non‑bushfire risk area\n\t(1)\tDiagram A—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—fully insulated or low voltage\nThis diagram applies to a powerline that has conductors which are fully insulated (for example, aerial bundled cables) or low voltage conductors.\nThe zones as shown extend along the length of each span of the powerline.\n\n\t(2)\tDiagram B—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—insulated unscreened\nThis diagram applies to a powerline the conductors of which are Insulated Unscreened Conductor (\"IUC\" or \"CCT\").\nThe zones as shown extend along the length of each span of the powerline.\n\n\t(3)\tDiagram C—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV\nThese diagrams apply to a powerline the conductors of which are not insulated, constructed to operate at a voltage of more than 480V but less than 33kV.\nDiagram C.1 shows the zones at the pole or other support at the end of each span of the powerline.\nDiagram C.2 shows the clearance zone at mid span (as shown in diagrams C.3 and C.4) for each span of the powerline.\nDiagrams C.3 and C.4 show the manner in which the clearance zone extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nAlthough not shown in diagrams C.3 and C.4, the buffer zone as shown in diagrams C.1 and C.2 extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nThe values of V, H and P are set out in Tables 1 and 2 in clause 5.\nC.1—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV—at each end of a span\n\nC.2—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV—mid span (as shown in diagrams C.3 and C.4)\n\nC.3—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV—view of clearance zone from above\n\nC.4—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated more than 480V but less than 33kV—view of clearance zone from side\n\n\t(4)\tDiagram D—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV\nThese diagrams apply to a powerline, the conductors of which are not insulated, constructed to operate at a voltage from 33kV to 66kV inclusive.\nDiagram D.1 shows the zones at the pole or other support at the end of each span of the powerline.\nDiagram D.2 shows the zones at mid span (as shown in diagrams D.3 and D.4) for each span of the powerline.\nDiagrams D.3 and D.4 show the manner in which the clearance zone extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nAlthough not shown in diagrams D.3 and D.4, the buffer zone as shown in diagrams D.1 and D.2 extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nThe values of V, H, B and P are set out in Table 3 in clause 5.\nD.1—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—at each end of a span\n\nD.2—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—mid span (as shown in diagrams D.3 and D.4)\n\nD.3—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—view of clearance zone from above\n\nD.4—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—view of clearance zone from side\n\n\t(5)\tDiagram E—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV\nThese diagrams apply to a powerline, the conductors of which are not insulated, constructed to operate at a voltage from 132kV to 275kV inclusive.\nDiagram E.1 shows the zones at the pole or other support at the end of each span of the powerline.\nDiagram E.2 shows the zones at mid span (as shown in diagrams E.3 and E.4) for each span of the powerline.\nDiagrams E.3 and E.4 show the manner in which the clearance zone extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nAlthough not shown in diagrams E.3 and E.4, the buffer zone as shown in diagrams E.1 and E.2 extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nThe values of V, H, S, B and P are set out in Table 4 in clause 5.\nThe 45° component of the clearance zone is determined as being 3 m inside the buffer zone.\nE.1—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—at each end of a span\n\nE.2—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—mid span (as shown in diagrams E.3 and E.4)\n\nE.3—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—view of clearance zone from above\n\nE.4—private land in non‑bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—view of clearance zone from side\n\n4—Clearance and buffer zones around overhead powerlines in the bushfire risk area\n\t(1)\tDiagram A—bushfire risk area—fully insulated\nThis diagram applies to a powerline the conductors of which are fully insulated (for example, aerial bundled cables).\nThe zones as shown extend along the length of each span of the powerline.\n\n\t(2)\tDiagram B—bushfire risk area—insulated unscreened\nThis diagram applies to a powerline the conductors of which are Insulated Unscreened Conductor (\"IUC\" or \"CCT\").\nThe zones as shown extend along the length of each span of the powerline.\n\n\t(3)\tDiagram C—bushfire risk area—not insulated less than 33kV\nThese diagrams apply to a powerline, the conductors of which are not insulated, constructed to operate at a voltage of less than 33kV.\nDiagram C.1 shows the zones at the pole or other support at the end of each span of the powerline.\nDiagram C.2 shows the zones at mid span (as shown in diagrams C.3 and C.4) for each span of the powerline.\nDiagrams C.3 and C.4 show the manner in which the clearance zone extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nAlthough not shown in diagrams C.3 and C.4, the buffer zone as shown in diagrams C.1 and C.2 extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nThe values of V, H and P are set out in Tables 1 and 2 in clause 5.\nC.1—bushfire risk area—not insulated less than 33kV—at each end of a span\n\nC.2—bushfire risk area—not insulated less than 33kV—mid span (as shown in diagrams C.3 and C.4)\n\nC.3—bushfire risk area—not insulated less than 33kV—view of clearance zone from above\n\nC.4—bushfire risk area—not insulated less than 33kV—view of clearance zone from side\n\n\t(4)\tDiagram D—bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV\nThese diagrams apply to a powerline, the conductors of which are not insulated, constructed to operate at a voltage from 33kV to 66kV inclusive.\nDiagram D.1 shows the zones at the pole or other support at the end of each span of the powerline.\nDiagram D.2 shows the zones at mid span (as shown in diagrams D.3 and D.4) for each span of the powerline.\nDiagrams D.3 and D.4 show the manner in which the clearance zone extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nAlthough not shown in diagrams D.3 and D.4, the buffer zone as shown in diagrams D.1 and D.2 extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nThe values of V, H and P are set out in Table 3 in clause 5.\nD.1—bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—at each end of a span\n\nD.2—bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—mid span (as shown in diagrams D.3 and D.4)\n\nD.3—bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—view of clearance zone from above\n\nD.4—bushfire risk area—not insulated 33kV to 66kV—view of clearance zone from side\n\n\t(5)\tDiagram E—bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV\nThese diagrams apply to a powerline, the conductors of which are not insulated, constructed to operate at a voltage from 132kV to 275kV inclusive.\nDiagram E.1 shows the zones at the pole or other support at the end of each span of the powerline.\nDiagram E.2 shows the zones at mid span (as shown in diagrams E.3 and E.4) for each span of the powerline.\nDiagrams E.3 and E.4 show the manner in which the clearance zone extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nAlthough not shown in diagrams E.3 and E.4, the buffer zone as shown in diagrams E.1 and E.2 extends along the length of each span of the powerline.\nThe values of V, H, S, B and P are set out in Table 4 in clause 5.\nThe 45° component of the clearance zone is determined as being 3 m inside the buffer zone.\nE.1—bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—at each end of a span\n\nE.2—bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—mid span (as shown in diagrams E.3 and E.4)\n\nE.3—bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—view of clearance zone from above\n\nE.4—bushfire risk area—not insulated 132kV to 275kV—view of clearance zone from side\n\n5—Tables for determination of value of V, H, B, S and P\n\t(1)\tThe values of V, H, B, S and P are determined by the voltage at which the powerline is constructed to operate and the length of the span concerned.\n\t(2)\tFor 132kV and 275kV lines, a \"stepout\" S is required for the buffer zone.\n\t(3)\tFor the purposes of compliance with the requirements of these regulations as to clearance of vegetation from around powerlines, as an alternative, the value of S may be taken to be that fixed for S* in Table 4 provided that the clearance zone will still extend at least—\n\t(a)\tin the case of a 132kV line—1.5 m; or\n\t(b)\tin the case of a 275kV line—2.5 m,\nbeyond any point to which the line may swing or sag at a wind pressure of 400Pa (taking into account the length of the span concerned and the characteristics of the line).\n\t(4)\tThe values given are in metres.\n\t(5)\tThe clearance to uninsulated LV conductors in non‑bushfire risk areas is 0.1 m for the length of the line and beyond termination poles or structures, as is also the case for fully insulated conductors in any part of the State.\n\t(6)\tThe value of P determines the clearances required beyond a pole where a line terminates, in addition to clearances at poles or other supports along the length of the powerline.\n\t(7)\tA buffer zone of 1 m and no clearance zone applies where a neutral conductor (CMEN) is not within the clearance zone or buffer zone of an adjoining conductor.\n\t(8)\tThe clearance to Insulated Unscreened Conductor (\"IUC\" or \"CCT\") is 0.5 m for the length of the line and beyond termination poles or structures, in any part of the State.\n\nTable 1—Bare or covered conductor at operating voltages of 240V to 11kV\nVoltage\nAll spans\nSpan (in metres)\n0–50\nOver 50–100\nOver 100–150\nOver 150–200\nOver 200\nP\nV\nH\nV\nH\nV\nH\nV\nH\nV\nH\nVoltage not exceeding 480V in the bushfire risk area only\n0.5\n1.0\n1.0\n1.5\n2.5\n1.5\n3.5\n—\n—\n—\n—\n7.6kV and 11kV in bushfire and non‑bushfire risk areas\n0.5\n1.5\n1.5\n2.0\n2.5\n2.5\n3.5\n2.5\n4.5\n2.5\n6.0\n\nTable 2—Bare or covered conductor at an operating voltage of 19kV\nVoltage\nAll spans\nSpan (in metres)\n0–100\nOver 100–200\nOver 200–300\nOver 300–400\nOver 400\nP\nV\nH\nV\nH\nV\nH\nV\nH\nV\nH\n19kV single wire earth return (SWER)\n0.5\n1.0\n1.0\n1.0\n2.5\n1.5\n5.0\n2.0\n7.0\n2.0\n9.0\n\nTable 3—Bare or covered conductor at operating voltages of 33kV and 66kV\nVoltage\n\nSpan (in metres)\nAll spans\n0–100\nOver 100–200\nOver 200–300\nOver 300–400\nOver 400–500\nOver 500–600\nOver 600–700\nOver 700–800\nOver 800–900\nOver 900\nV\nP\nB\nH\nH\nH\nH\nH\nH\nH\nH\nH\nH\n33kV\n2.5\n0.5\n2.0\n2.5\n4.5\n6.5\n9.5\n14.0\n19.0\n25.0\n32.0\n39.5\n48.0\n66kV\n3.0\n1.0\n2.0\n2.5\n4.5\n6.5\n9.5\n14.0\n19.0\n25.0\n32.0\n39.5\n48.0\n\nTable 4—All conductors operating at voltages of 132kV to 275kV—V, H and S\nVoltage\nAll spans\n\nSpan (in metres)\nP\nB\n0–100\nOver 100-150\nOver 150-200\nOver 200-250\nOver 250-300\nOver 300-350\nOver 350-400\nOver 400-450\nOver 450-500\nOver 500-550\nOver 550-600\nOver 600-650\nOver 650-700\nOver 700-750\nOver 750-800\nOver 800\n132kV\n2.5\n3.0\nV\n3.0\n3.0\n4.0\n5.0\n5.0\n5.0\n6.0\n6.0\n6.0\n6.0\n6.0\n6.0\n6.0\n6.0\n6.0\n6.0\nH\n3.0\n4.0\n6.0\n8.0\n10.0\n11.0\n14.0\n17.0\n20.0\n23.0\n28.0\n32.0\n37.0\n41.0\n47.0\n58.0\nS\n0\n2.0\n2.0\n4.0\n5.0\n6.0\n8.0\n10.0\n12.0\n14.0\n16.0\n19.0\n22.0\n25.0\n29.0\n36.0\nS*\n0\n1.0\n1.0\n3.0\n3.0\n5.0\n5.0\n8.0\n8.0\n13.0\n13.0\n19.0\n19.0\n26.0\n26.0\n32.0\n275kV\n4.5\n3.0\nV\n4.5\n4.5\n5.0\n6.0\n7.0\n7.0\n7.0\n8.0\n8.0\n8.0\n8.0\n8.0\n8.0\n8.0\n8.0\n8.0\nH\n4.5\n5.0\n6.0\n7.0\n9.0\n10.0\n11.0\n13.0\n15.0\n17.0\n19.0\n22.0\n24.0\n27.0\n30.0\n37.0\nS\n1.0\n2.0\n2.0\n3.0\n4.0\n5.0\n6.0\n7.0\n8.0\n10.0\n11.0\n13.0\n15.0\n17.0\n19.0\n24.0\nS*\n1.0\n2.0\n2.0\n3.0\n3.0\n4.0\n4.0\n6.0\n6.0\n9.0\n9.0\n12.0\n12.0\n16.0\n16.0\n21.0\n3.5m rule\nWhere the application of the value set out in Table 4 would result in the bottom edge of the clearance zone having a vertical distance from ground level of less than 3.5 m, the bottom edge of the clearance zone shall have a vertical distance from ground level of 3.5 m irrespective of the vertical distance it would otherwise have had from ground level by virtue of the value of V.\n6—Technical Regulator may determine values for clearance zone around particular powerline in certain circumstances\n\t(1)\tThe Technical Regulator may, on application by an electricity entity with a duty under section 55 of the Act in relation to an overhead powerline, determine that for the purposes of that duty in relation to a specified portion of the powerline—\n\t(a)\tthe value of V, H, B or S is to be a specified number of metres instead of the value given in clause 5; or\n\t(b)\ta particular method may be used to calculate the value of V, H, B or S instead of V, H, B or S having the value given in clause 5.\n\t(2)\tThe Technical Regulator must not make a determination under subclause (1) unless satisfied by the electricity entity that the clearance zone will still extend at least—\n\t(a)\tin the case of a 240V to 11kV, 19kV or 33kV line—0.5 m; or\n\t(b)\tin the case of a 66kV line—1.0 m; or\n\t(c)\tin the case of a 132kV line—1.5 m; or\n\t(d)\tin the case of a 275kV line—2.5 m,\nbeyond any point to which the line may swing or sag at a wind pressure of 400Pa (taking into account the length of the span concerned and the characteristics of the line).\n\t(3)\tAn application under this clause must—\n\t(a)\tbe made in a form approved by the Technical Regulator; and\n\t(b)\tcontain the information specified in the form; and\n\t(c)\tbe accompanied by an application fee fixed by the Minister.\n\t(4)\tA determination under this clause must be in writing.\n\t(5)\tThe Technical Regulator may, by notice in writing to an electricity entity with a duty under section 55 of the Act in relation to a powerline to which a determination under this clause relates, vary or revoke the determination.\nSchedule 2—Planting or nurturing vegetation near public powerlines\n1—Interpretation\nIn this Schedule—\napproved vegetation means species in the list of vegetation with an expected mature height of 3 m or less published on a website determined by the Technical Regulator;\nexempt vegetation means—\n\t(a)\tvegetation (such as small plants that produce flowers or vegetables, ground covers, cereal crops or small bushes or shrubs) with an expected mature height of less than 2 m; or\n\t(b)\tvegetation in relation to which an exemption is in force under these regulations;\npermitted vegetation means species in the list of vegetation with an expected mature height of more than 3 m but not more than 6 m published on a website determined by the Technical Regulator;\nprescribed distance means—\n\t(a)\tin the case of a powerline constructed to operate at a voltage listed below—the distance set out below in relation to that voltage:\n\nVoltage\nDistance (in metres)\n500kV\n19.0\n275kV\n12.5\n132kV, other than a single pole\n15.0\n132kV, single pole\n10.0\n66kV\n6.5\n\t(b)\tin any other case—6 m.\n2—General rules\n\t(1)\tSubject to clause 3, only vegetation of a kind set out in the third column of Table 1 may be planted within the distance set out in the second column from a powerline of a kind set out in the first column.\n\t(2)\tSubject to clause 3, only vegetation of a kind set out in the third or fourth column of Table 1 may be nurtured if it is growing within the distance set out in the second column from a powerline of a kind set out in the first column.\n3—Exemption\nVegetation may be planted in proximity to a public powerline in a non‑bushfire risk area and any such vegetation may be nurtured, if—\n\t(a)\tthe vegetation is planted in replacement of vegetation in a stand or avenue of vegetation situated along a road; and\n\t(b)\tthe vegetation is of the same species as that being replaced.\n4—Table\n\nTable 1—General rules\nPowerline\nDistance within which planting or nurturing is controlled\nVegetation which may be planted or nurtured\nAdditional vegetation which may be nurtured\nOverhead public powerline, the conductors of which are not insulated, in the bushfire risk area.\nPrescribed distance from centreline.\nApproved vegetation.\nExempt vegetation.\nAny vegetation planted or self‑sown before 1 November 1988.\n\nMore than the prescribed distance but less than twice the prescribed distance from centreline.\nApproved vegetation or permitted vegetation.\nExempt vegetation.\nAny vegetation planted or self‑sown before 1 November 1988.\nAny other overhead public powerline.\nPrescribed distance from centreline.\nApproved vegetation or permitted vegetation.\nExempt vegetation.\nAny vegetation planted or self‑sown before 1 November 1988.\nUnderground public powerline constructed to operate at a voltage of 66kv or more.\n3 m from centreline.\nApproved vegetation.\nExempt vegetation.\nAny vegetation planted or self‑sown before 1 November 1988.\nAny other underground public powerline.\nNo control.\n\n\nSchedule 3—Revocation of Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010\nThe Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010 are revoked.\nLegislative history\nNotes\n\t•\tFor further information relating to the Act and subordinate legislation made under the Act see the Index of South Australian Statutes or www.legislation.sa.gov.au.\nPrincipal regulations\nYear\nNo\nReference\nCommencement\n2021\n114\nGazette 12.8.2021 p3018 \n1.9.2021: r 2\n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"summary":{"complexity_score":1,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Scope cannot be assessed as the legislative text was not available. The title suggests a focused, technical instrument dealing with vegetation clearance principles near electricity infrastructure, which is consistent with a typical subordinate regulation (a type of law made under a broader parent Act), but no comparison between original intent and enacted provisions is possible."},"complexity_factors":["No legislative text was retrievable — the source URL returned a 404 error","Analysis is based solely on the title of the instrument, not its actual content","Complexity cannot be meaningfully assessed without the substantive provisions","Score of 1 reflects absence of analysable content, not simplicity of the underlying law"],"plain_english_summary":"These regulations would govern how vegetation is cleared around electricity infrastructure to reduce bushfire risk and maintain electrical safety, affecting landowners with nearby trees, electricity network operators, and councils managing public land. It matters because vegetation contact with powerlines is a major bushfire cause. \n\nCaveat: the actual legislative text wasn’t retrievable (404 error), so specific duties, distances or penalties could not be confirmed."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"These regulations replace the 2010 rules (Sch 3 revocation) and set a more granular, prescriptive regime: they introduce bushfire risk mapping to distinguish areas, prescribe a 19kV threshold for private powerlines (reg 3(2)), formalise inspection intervals (reg 4(2)), define detailed clearance and buffer dimensions by voltage/span (Sch 1 Tables 1–4), establish planting/allowed species lists on a Technical Regulator website (Sch 2 cl 1–4), and add explicit exemption, application fee and objection procedures (regs 7, 10). These changes expand technical detail and administrative discretion compared with a simple general duty to clear vegetation."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping regimes: public vs private powerlines, bushfire risk area vs non‑bushfire risk area, and prescribed areas (regs 3, Sch 1–4).","Detailed numeric clearance and buffer rules that vary by conductor insulation, operating voltage and span length (Sch 1 clauses 2–5, Tables 1–4).","Discretion and decision points granted to the Technical Regulator: publishing bushfire maps, granting exemptions, approving alternate clearance methods and varying determinations (regs 3, 6, 7; Sch 1 cl 6).","Interaction with local government and contracts: written vegetation clearance schemes and enforceable agreements between electricity entities and councils or occupiers (regs 8–9).","Operational duties and conditional limits: inspection frequency, assessments of regrowth over a multi‑year horizon and restrictions on how much may be cleared (reg 4(2)–(6); reg 5).","Administrative processes and procedural steps: application forms, fees fixed by Minister, notice periods and objection/appeal procedures with strict timeframes (regs 7(2), 10, 11).","Technical and legal cross‑references: definitions, prescribed voltages for private powerlines and qualification requirements for personnel add implementation detail (regs 3(2), 12).","Delegated material hosted on websites (maps, species lists) creates external dependency for interpretation and compliance (Sch 2 cl 1; reg 3)."],"plain_english_summary":"These regulations set precise, technical rules for inspecting and clearing vegetation near public and private powerlines: they define clearance and buffer zones by line voltage and span, require inspections at intervals no longer than three years, limit what landholders may plant near lines, and create processes for exemptions, objections and local agreements. They affect electricity entities, councils and occupiers of land. The Technical Regulator decides mapping, exemptions and some zone adjustments; occupiers or entities pay for clearance or agreed costs and must change planting or maintenance behaviours."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This is a 2021 remake of the 2010 regulations of the same name. The scope remains consistent with the original intent: establishing vegetation clearance principles around powerlines. While the technical specifications are detailed and the document is lengthy, this reflects the inherent complexity of electrical safety engineering rather than scope creep. The legislation maintains its core purpose of bushfire prevention and power supply protection."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping zone types: clearance zones, buffer zones, with different definitions for public vs private land and bushfire vs non-bushfire areas","15+ defined terms in interpretation section including technical concepts like 'centreline', 'span', 'Insulated Unscreened Conductor'","Extensive cross-referencing between regulations and Schedules, particularly Schedule 1 with its 5 diagram sets (A through E) each with multiple sub-diagrams","Nested conditional logic: different rules apply based on voltage (7 categories from 240V to 500kV), insulation type (3 categories), land type (public/private), and risk area (bushfire/non-bushfire)","4 detailed tables with 15+ columns and rows determining specific metre values for V, H, B, S, P variables based on voltage and span length","Multiple exception pathways: exemptions under regulation 7, alternative clearance schemes under regulation 8, individual agreements under regulation 9, and Technical Regulator determinations under Schedule 1 clause 6","Temporal complexity: 3-year inspection cycles, 5-year regrowth rules, 21-day objection windows, 30-day notification requirements","Geographic complexity: reliance on external maps published on websites for 'bushfire risk area' and 'prescribed area' definitions","Dual duty holders: electricity entities AND councils with overlapping but distinct responsibilities","Offence provisions with penalty units ($5,000 max) and expiation fees ($315) in regulation 7"],"plain_english_summary":"This legislation sets the rules for clearing trees and vegetation near powerlines in South Australia to prevent bushfires and power outages.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- **Electricity companies** (like SA Power Networks) – must inspect and clear vegetation near powerlines at least every 3 years\n- **Councils** – share responsibility for clearing vegetation on public land in some areas\n- **Landowners/occupiers** – must keep vegetation clear of private powerlines on their property (but not beyond a 'buffer zone')\n\n**What it does:**\n- **Creates 'clearance zones' and 'buffer zones'** – specific no-tree areas around powerlines based on voltage and location. Higher voltage lines need bigger clearances. Bushfire risk areas have stricter rules.\n- **Sets inspection schedules** – powerlines must be checked and cleared at least every 3 years, with vegetation cut back so it won't grow into the danger zone within that period.\n- **Different rules for different areas:**\n  - **Public land** (roads, parks): Electricity companies or councils clear vegetation\n  - **Private land**: Landowners must clear around private powerlines; electricity companies handle the main network\n  - **Bushfire risk areas**: Stricter clearance requirements\n  - **Low-risk powerlines**: Alternative clearance methods allowed with regulator approval\n\n**Special features:**\n- **Technical Regulator** (a government official) can grant exemptions, approve alternative clearance methods, and hear objections from landowners\n- **Landowners can object** to clearance work within 21 days\n- **Agreements allowed** between councils and electricity companies for customised clearance schemes\n- **Planting rules** restrict what trees can be planted near powerlines based on expected mature height\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThis law aims to prevent powerline-caused bushfires (like the devastating 2009 Black Saturday fires in Victoria) while balancing environmental and aesthetic concerns. It protects public safety and electricity supply while giving landowners some rights to object and limiting how much vegetation can be removed."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/electricity-principles-of-vegetation-clearance-regulations-2021","history":"/api/acts/electricity-principles-of-vegetation-clearance-regulations-2021/history","analysis":"/api/acts/electricity-principles-of-vegetation-clearance-regulations-2021/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/electricity-principles-of-vegetation-clearance-regulations-2021/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/electricity-principles-of-vegetation-clearance-regulations-2021/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/electricity-principles-of-vegetation-clearance-regulations-2021/documents"}}