{"id":"education-regulations-2015","name":"EDUCATION REGULATIONS 2015","slug":"education-regulations-2015","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"nt","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":176774,"registerId":"nt-education-regulations-2015-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"EDUCATION REGULATIONS 2015","content":"NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA\nEDUCATION REGULATIONS 2015\nAs in force at 25 March 2024\nTable of provisions\nPart 1 Preliminary matters\n1 Citation ............................................................................................ 1\n2 Commencement .............................................................................. 1\n3 Definitions ........................................................................................ 1\n4 Disqualifying offences ...................................................................... 1\n5 Attending school .............................................................................. 2\nPart 2 Northern Territory Board of Studies\n6 Expert .............................................................................................. 2\n7 Nomination of Board members ........................................................ 3\n8 Eligibility criteria for Board chairperson ........................................... 4\n9 Meetings of Board ........................................................................... 4\n10 Committees of the Board ................................................................. 4\nPart 3 Enrolment, attendance and participation\n11 Register of enrolments and attendances ......................................... 5\n12 Home education .............................................................................. 5\n13 Enrolment of international students ................................................. 6\n14 Fees ................................................................................................ 6\nPart 4 Government schools\n15 Standard curriculum program .......................................................... 6\n16 Fees payable by non-Government schools ..................................... 7\n17 School enrolment management plan ............................................... 7\n18 Additional allocation of semesters of Government school\neducation ......................................................................................... 7\n19 Review of exclusion by CEO ........................................................... 7\n20 Review of expulsion by Minister ...................................................... 8\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in\nGovernment schools\n21 Definitions ........................................................................................ 8\n22 Composition of school representative bodies .................................. 8\n23 Term of office................................................................................. 10\n24 Chairperson of school representative body ................................... 11\n25 Casual vacancies .......................................................................... 12\n\nEducation Regulations 2015 ii\n26 General meetings .......................................................................... 12\n27 Meetings ........................................................................................ 12\n28 Independent public school boards ................................................. 13\n29 Limit on power to enter into agreements ....................................... 15\n30 Prescribed services ....................................................................... 15\n31 Optional extras .............................................................................. 15\n32 Voluntary contributions .................................................................. 16\n33 Ownership of materials and property ............................................. 16\n34 Accounts ........................................................................................ 17\n35 Expenditure of money .................................................................... 18\n36 General accounting requirements.................................................. 18\n37 Secretary and treasurer to school body ......................................... 19\n38 Powers of CEO with respect to school representative body .......... 20\nPart 6 Non-Government schools\n39 Registrar of non-Government schools ........................................... 20\n40 Application fee for registration ....................................................... 20\n41 Code of conduct for assessors ...................................................... 20\n41A Student records ............................................................................. 20\n42 Application fee for variation of registration ..................................... 21\n42A Register of non-Government schools ............................................ 21\nPart 7 Infringement notice offences\n43 Infringement notice offence and prescribed amount payable ........ 21\n44 When infringement notice may be given ........................................ 22\n45 Contents of infringement notice ..................................................... 22\n46 Electronic payment and payment by cheque ................................. 23\n47 Expiation of offence ....................................................................... 23\n48 Withdrawal of infringement notice.................................................. 23\n49 Application of Part ......................................................................... 23\nSchedule 1 Disqualifying offences\nSchedule 2 Code of conduct for assessors\n2 Purpose of code ............................................................................ 27\n3 Requirements ................................................................................ 27\nSchedule 3 Infringement notice offences and\nprescribed amounts\nENDNOTES\n\nNORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA\n____________________\nAs in force at 25 March 2024\n____________________\nEDUCATION REGULATIONS 2015\nRegulations under the Education Act 2015\nPart 1 Preliminary matters\n1 Citation\nThese Regulations may be cited as the Education\nRegulations 2015.\n2 Commencement\nThese Regulations commence on the commencement of Part 1 of\nthe Education Act 2015.\n3 Definitions\nIn these Regulations:\ndeductible gift recipient, for Part 5, see regulation 21.\ninfringement notice, for Part 7, see regulation 44.\ninfringement notice offence, for Part 7, see regulation 43(1).\nprescribed amount, for Part 7, see regulation 43(2).\nschool body, for Part 5, see regulation 21.\nschool representative body, for Part 5, see regulation 21.\n4 Disqualifying offences\nFor the definition disqualifying offence in section 5 of the Act, the\nfollowing offences are prescribed:\n(a) an offence against a provision of an Act, or of an Act of the\nCommonwealth, specified in Schedule 1 subject to any\nqualification relating to the provision specified opposite it;\n\nPart 2 Northern Territory Board of Studies\nEducation Regulations 2015 2\n(b) an offence of counselling or procuring the commission of an\noffence mentioned in paragraph (a);\n(c) an offence of attempting, or of conspiracy or incitement, to\ncommit an offence mentioned in paragraph (a);\n(d) an offence that has, as an element, intention to commit an\noffence mentioned in paragraph (a);\n(e) an offence committed before the commencement of a\nprovision mentioned in paragraph (a) that would, if committed\nafter that commencement, have constituted an offence\nmentioned in that paragraph;\n(f) an offence under a law of a State, other Territory or foreign\ncountry that, if it had been committed in the Territory, would\nhave constituted an offence mentioned in paragraphs (a)\nto (e).\n5 Attending school\nFor section 9(2) of the Act, any of the following, approved by the\nprincipal of the school, in which a child participates is a prescribed\neducation program:\n(a) a performance, sporting or school representative activity,\nwhether on-campus or off-campus;\n(b) a school excursion;\n(c) an off campus learning activity.\nExamples for regulation 5(a)\nSinging in a school choir, playing an instrument in a school band, taking part in a\nsporting event and representing the school in a debate.\nExamples for regulation 5(b)\nA school camp and a visit to an off-campus venue.\nExamples for regulation 5(c)\nParticipation in flexible education arrangements, graduated return to school\narrangements and vocational education and training in schools.\nPart 2 Northern Territory Board of Studies\n6 Expert\nFor section 23 of the Act, definition expert, the following fields are\nprescribed:\n(a) early childhood education and care;\n\nPart 2 Northern Territory Board of Studies\nEducation Regulations 2015 3\n(b) primary school education;\n(c) secondary school education;\n(d) special learning needs;\n(e) vocational education and training in schools;\n(f) either:\n(i) distance education and online education; or\n(ii) international education;\n(g) education of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and\nyoung persons.\n7 Nomination of Board members\nFor section 28(2) of the Act, the following is the process by which\nnominations for, or expressions of interest in, membership of the\nBoard may be sought:\n(a) for section 28(1)(b) and (c) of the Act, the Minister must notify,\nin any way that the Minister considers appropriate, the bodies\nmentioned in those paragraphs that nominations are being\nsought;\n(b) for section 28(1)(d), (e), (f) and (g) of the Act, the Minister\nmust seek expressions of interest in appointment to the Board\nby:\n(i) publishing a notice for that purpose in a newspaper\ncirculating in the Territory; and\n(ii) if the Minister considers it appropriate to do so, notifying\nany group or body, in any way that the Minister\nconsiders appropriate, that expressions of interest are\nbeing sought;\n(c) for section 28(1)(h) of the Act, the Minister may, in any way\nthat the Minister considers appropriate (which may include\npublishing a notice in a newspaper circulating generally in\nAustralia), seek expressions of interest from appropriate\npersons.\n\nPart 2 Northern Territory Board of Studies\nEducation Regulations 2015 4\n8 Eligibility criteria for Board chairperson\nFor section 28(5) of the Act, the prescribed eligibility criteria for\nappointment as chairperson of the Board are knowledge and\nexperience of educational policy and practice in the Territory and\nnationally.\n9 Meetings of Board\n(1) For section 33 of the Act:\n(a) the Board must meet at least once in each term; and\n(b) the chairperson may call additional meetings as the\nchairperson considers necessary; and\n(c) the Board may hold meetings, or allow members to take part\nin meetings, by telephone, video conference or another form\nof communication; and\n(d) 6 members constitute a quorum at a meeting; and\n(e) questions arising at a meeting are to be determined by a\nmajority of the votes of the members present and voting; and\n(f) in the event of an equal number of votes on any question\narising at a meeting, the chairperson has a casting vote; and\n(g) subject to the Act and these Regulations, the Board may\ndetermine its own meeting procedure; and\n(h) the Board must keep records of its meetings in any way that it\nconsiders appropriate.\n(2) A member taking part in a meeting as mentioned in\nsubregulation (1)(c) is taken to be present at the meeting.\n10 Committees of the Board\nFor section 34(3) of the Act, a member of a committee must not be\nappointed for a term of more than 12 months but is eligible for\nreappointment.\n\nPart 3 Enrolment, attendance and participation\nEducation Regulations 2015 5\nPart 3 Enrolment, attendance and participation\n11 Register of enrolments and attendances\nFor section 45(1) of the Act, the following is prescribed information\nabout enrolment and attendance of a student required to be shown\nin a register:\n(a) the student's name;\n(b) the student's residential address;\n(c) the student's date of birth;\n(d) whether the student has siblings at the same Government\nschool;\n(e) whether the student is an Australian citizen or a permanent\nresident of Australia;\n(f) whether the student is living independently;\n(g) the name and residential address of each of the student's\nparents (if known);\n(h) the name of any parent who has daily care and control of the\nstudent;\n(i) a record of the student's attendance at the Government school\non each school day, or each part of a school day, on which\ninstruction is provided for the student.\n12 Home education\nFor section 46(1)(b) of the Act, the following are prescribed details\nof the proposed home education that are required to be given to the\nCEO:\n(a) the curriculum proposed to be used for the home education;\n(b) the proposed program of work in each subject covered by the\ncurriculum, including the resources to be used in support;\n(c) the average period of time that the child will receive instruction\non each school day;\n(d) the number of days on which instruction will be given to the\nchild;\n\nPart 4 Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 6\n(e) where the instruction will be given and what facilities are\navailable at that place for that purpose;\n(f) how learning activities will be recorded and how the child's\neducational progress and achievement will be measured;\n(g) the name of the person who is to give the instruction and that\nperson's relationship to the child.\n13 Enrolment of international students\nFor section 66(1) of the Act, the prescribed eligibility criteria for an\napplicant for enrolment as an international student are:\n(a) the applicant is under 18 years of age; and\n(b) the applicant has adequate arrangements in place for their\naccommodation, welfare and supervision for the duration of\ntheir proposed course of study.\n14 Fees\n(1) For section 67(1) of the Act, the Minister may, by Gazette notice,\ndetermine the fees payable by international students enrolled in\nGovernment schools.\n(2) For section 69(1) of the Act, the Minister may, by Gazette notice,\ndetermine the fees payable for the provision of education services\nby distance education centres to the classes of students mentioned\nin that section.\nPart 4 Government schools\n15 Standard curriculum program\nFor section 75(2)(a) of the Act, the prescribed standard curriculum\nprogram is the provision of teaching and learning activities,\ninstructional support and instructional materials for delivery of the\nfollowing:\n(a) the Early Years Learning Framework;\n(b) the Australian Curriculum;\n(c) the senior secondary Northern Territory Certificate of\nEducation and Training;\n(d) Vocational Education and Training.\n\nPart 4 Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 7\n16 Fees payable by non-Government schools\nFor section 76(2) of the Act, the Minister may, by Gazette notice,\ndetermine the fees payable by non-Government schools for the\nparticipation of students enrolled in those schools in education\nprograms offered at Government schools.\n17 School enrolment management plan\nFor section 79(3) of the Act, the prescribed proportion of enrolment\ncapacity of a Government school is 85%.\n18 Additional allocation of semesters of Government school\neducation\n(1) The matters to which the CEO must have regard in determining an\napplication under section 83(1) of the Act are:\n(a) the likely educational outcome of the student attending school\nfor the additional semester or semesters; and\n(b) the student's attendance, participation and educational\nprogress during any period of schooling before the application;\nand\n(c) the suitability of other education, training or employment\noptions.\n(2) Before determining an application under section 83(1) of the Act,\nthe CEO:\n(a) may seek advice from any person involved in the education of\nthe student; and\n(b) must have regard to that advice.\n(3) For section 83(5)(b) of the Act, conditions that the CEO may\nimpose on the grant of an application include ongoing monitoring\nand review of the student's educational progress and attendance.\n19 Review of exclusion by CEO\nFor section 92(5) of the Act, an application by a student or parent\nfor the CEO to review a decision to exclude the student must:\n(a) be in writing; and\n(b) state an address to which notices may be sent by the CEO;\nand\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 8\n(c) be made within 14 days after the student receives a notice\nunder section 92(2) of the Act; and\n(d) state the reasons for the application.\n20 Review of expulsion by Minister\nFor section 93(3) of the Act, an application by a student or parent\nfor the Minister to review a decision to expel the student must:\n(a) be in writing; and\n(b) state an address to which notices may be sent by the Minister;\nand\n(c) be made within 14 days after the student receives a notice\nunder section 93(1) of the Act; and\n(d) state the reasons for the application.\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in\nGovernment schools\n21 Definitions\nIn this Part:\ndeductible gift recipient, see section 30.227(2) of the Income Tax\nAssessment Act 1997 (Cth).\nschool body means:\n(a) a school representative body; or\n(b) a school management council; or\n(c) a multi-school management council.\nschool representative body includes joint school representative\nbody.\n22 Composition of school representative bodies\n(1) For section 103(5) of the Act, the composition of a school\nrepresentative body must be in accordance with this regulation.\n(2) A school representative body must consist of not less than 5, but\nnot more than 19, members.\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 9\n(3) The number of members of a school representative body must be\nspecified in the constitution of the body.\n(4) A school representative body (other than a joint school\nrepresentative body) must consist of members in the following\nclasses:\n(a) parents of students enrolled in the Government school for\nwhich the body is established, including parents of preschool\nstudents, elected to office by the parents of students enrolled\nin that school;\n(b) at least one teacher (other than the principal) who teaches at\nthe Government school for which the body is established, who\nmay be a preschool teacher, elected to office by the teachers\nwho teach at that school;\n(c) the principal of the Government school for which the body is\nestablished.\n(5) A joint school representative body must consist of members in the\nfollowing classes:\n(a) at least one parent of a student enrolled in each of the\nGovernment schools for which the body is established, who\nmay be a parent of a preschool student, elected to office by\nthe parents of students enrolled in that school;\n(b) at least one teacher (other than the principal) who teaches at\nany of the schools for which the body is established, who may\nbe a preschool teacher, elected to office by the teachers who\nteach at those schools;\n(c) the principal of each school for which the body is established.\n(6) A school representative body (including a joint school\nrepresentative body) may also include as members:\n(a) subject to subregulations (7) and (8), one or more persons\ninvited to be a member; and\n(b) if the Government school, or any of the Government schools,\nfor which the body is established provides secondary\neducation, up to 2 students.\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 10\n(7) A person invited to be a member of a school representative body\nmay be:\n(a) a person whom the body considers to have special\nqualifications, knowledge or experience that will be able to\nassist it in the performance of its functions by the giving of\ninformation or advice; or\n(b) the member of the Legislative Assembly for the electoral\ndivision in which the Government school, or any of the\nGovernment schools, for which the body is established is\nlocated; or\n(c) a person nominated by the local government council for the\narea in which the Government school, or any of the\nGovernment schools, for which the body is established is\nlocated.\n(8) However, a teacher at a Government school, including the\nGovernment school, or any of the Government schools, for which a\nschool representative body is established must not be invited to be\na member of the body.\n(9) A person may only be a member of a school representative body in\none capacity, that is, as a parent, teacher, principal or, where\nrelevant, invited member or student.\n(9A) A parent member of a joint school representative body may only\nrepresent one of the schools for which the body is established.\n(10) Subregulation (11) applies if:\n(a) a parent of a student enrolled in the Government school, or\none of the Government schools, for which a school\nrepresentative body is established is a member of that body;\nand\n(b) the student ceases to be enrolled in that Government school.\n(11) The parent may continue as a member until the end of their term of\noffice.\n23 Term of office\n(1) For section 103(6) of the Act, the prescribed term of office of a\nmember of a school representative body is 2 years.\n(2) However, the term of office of a person who is invited to be a\nmember under regulation 22(6)(a) may be a shorter period than\n2 years.\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 11\n(3) A person may not hold office as a member of a school\nrepresentative body in the same capacity for more than\n3 consecutive terms other than as:\n(a) a principal; or\n(b) a member of the Legislative Assembly, or person nominated\nby a local government council, who is invited to be a member\nunder regulation 22(6)(a).\n(4) Despite subregulation (1), on a school representative body being\nfirst established, one-half of its members (or the whole number\nnearest to, but not more than, one-half if the total number of\nmembers is an uneven number) must retire at the end of their first\nyear of office.\n(5) The office of a member of a school representative body becomes\nvacant if:\n(a) the member is removed from office by the CEO under\nsection 103(7) of the Act; or\n(b) the member is no longer eligible to hold office; or\n(c) the member resigns by notice in writing given to the\nchairperson of the school representative body or, for the\nchairperson, to the CEO.\n24 Chairperson of school representative body\n(1) For section 103(8)(a) of the Act, a school representative body must\nappoint one of its members mentioned in regulation 22(4)(a) (other\nthan a member who is a teacher or principal at any Government\nschool) to be its chairperson.\n(2) Subject to this regulation, a member appointed under\nsubregulation (1) holds office as chairperson for the remainder of\nthe person's term of office as a member.\n(3) A member appointed under subregulation (1) may resign as\nchairperson by giving written notice to the CEO.\n(4) A member appointed under subregulation (1) who ceases to hold\noffice as a member of the school representative body also ceases\nto hold office as chairperson.\n(5) A member is eligible to be reappointed as chairperson.\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 12\n25 Casual vacancies\n(1) For section 103(8)(b) of the Act, a casual vacancy in the\nmembership of a school representative body, other than a member\nin the capacity of principal, is to be filled as determined by the body.\n(2) A person elected or appointed to fill a casual vacancy:\n(a) must be eligible to hold office; and\n(b) holds office for the balance of the term of the member who\ncreated the vacancy by ceasing to be a member.\n(3) A person who ceases to be a member of a school representative\nbody or to hold a particular office on a school representative body\nmust, as soon as practicable, give to their successor any money,\nbooks, records or property of the body in their possession.\n26 General meetings\n(1) Subject to subregulation (2), in each year the principal as a member\nof a school representative body or each of the principals who is a\nmember of a joint school representative body must:\n(a) give notice to parents of students enrolled in the Government\nschool of which they are the principal of the vacancies, if any,\nin the membership of the body for the year; and\n(b) ensure that, as soon as practicable after giving notice, an\nannual general meeting and one or more general meetings\nare held at which members are elected to fill vacancies and\nsuch other business is conducted as is required by the Act,\nthese Regulations or the Minister.\n(2) An annual general meeting to be held as mentioned in\nsubregulation (1)(b) must not be held later than 15 March.\n27 Meetings\n(1) The chairperson of a school representative body or, if for any\nreason the chairperson is not available, the principal of the\nGovernment school, or any of the Government schools, for which\nthe body is established, may call a meeting of the body.\n(2) The Minister, the CEO or not less than 3 members of a school\nrepresentative body may, by written notice given to the chairperson\nof the body, request that a meeting of the body be called for the\npurpose of considering any matter specified in the notice.\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 13\n(3) Without limiting the manner in which a notice may be given under\nsubregulation (2), it may be given to the chairperson by delivering it,\naddressed to the chairperson, to the principal of the Government\nschool, or any of the Government schools, for which the school\nrepresentative body is established.\n(4) On being given a notice under subregulation (2), the chairperson\nmust call a meeting of the school representative body by giving to\neach member of that body not less than 3 days' written notice of:\n(a) the date, time and place of the meeting; and\n(b) any matter specified in the notice under subregulation (2).\n(5) A meeting called under subregulation (2) must not deal with any\nbusiness other than that specified in the notice under that\nsubregulation.\n(6) The chairperson of a school representative body must preside at\nany meeting of the body at which the chairperson is present.\n(7) If the chairperson is not present at a meeting, the members present\nmust elect one of their number to preside at the meeting.\n(8) A quorum at a meeting of a school representative body is one-half\nof the members for the time being in office.\n(9) Questions arising at a meeting of a school representative body\nmust be determined by a majority of the votes of the members\npresent and voting.\n(10) The person presiding at a meeting of a school representative body\nonly has a deliberative vote and not a casting vote.\n(11) If there is a vacancy in the office of chairperson of a school\nrepresentative body and, but for this subregulation, the body would\nnot be able to meet to appoint a member to be chairperson of the\nbody, the CEO may convene a meeting of the body for that\npurpose.\n28 Independent public school boards\n(1) An application under section 104(2) of the Act must:\n(a) have had its making supported by a motion passed at a\ngeneral meeting of the independent public school board\nbefore it is made; and\n(b) be made in writing; and\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 14\n(c) state the reasons for the application; and\n(d) show how the views and interests of parents will be\nadequately represented on the board.\n(2) In determining an application under section 104(2) of the Act, the\nMinister:\n(a) must have regard to:\n(i) whether the views and interests of parents will be\nadequately represented on the independent public\nschool board; and\n(ii) whether the community in which the school is located\nsupports the application; and\n(b) must be satisfied that the board can comply with the\nrequirements of Part 6 of the Act relevant to the board.\n(3) The Minister must make a decision on an application under\nsection 104(2) of the Act as soon as practicable after receiving it\nand, in any event, not later than 30 days after receiving it.\n(4) The Minister may, in respect of an application under section 104(2)\nof the Act, decide:\n(a) to approve the application; or\n(b) to refuse the application; or\n(c) to vary the application and approve it as varied.\n(5) As soon as practicable after making a decision on an application\nunder section 104(2) of the Act, the Minister must give written\nnotice of the decision to the board.\n(6) If the Minister approves an application under section 104(2) of the\nAct (whether with or without variation), the independent public\nschool board must, as soon as practicable after being notified under\nsubregulation (5), publish on the school's website the information\nmentioned in subregulation (1)(d) as included in the application.\n(7) An approval of an application under section 104(2) of the Act has\neffect for the period (not exceeding 2 years) determined by the\nMinister and specified in the notice under subregulation (5).\n(8) On an approval ceasing to have effect, section 103(5) of the Act\napplies to the independent public school board without modification.\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 15\n(9) An independent public school board may make a fresh application\nunder section 104(2) of the Act at any time, whether or not an\napproval of an earlier application under that section then has effect.\n(10) However, if an independent public school board decides not to\nmake a fresh application as mentioned in subregulation (9), it must\nnotify the Minister of that fact and of the date on which the current\napproval will expire.\n29 Limit on power to enter into agreements\n(1) This regulation applies to a school body (other than a joint school\nrepresentative body) for section 106(1)(b) of the Act.\n(2) A school body must not:\n(b) enter into a derivative transaction; or\n(c) subscribe for, or otherwise acquire, or dispose of, shares in, or\ndebentures or other securities of, a corporation.\n30 Prescribed services\nFor sections 107(1)(h) and 119(1)(f) of the Act, the services of\nmaintenance and general upkeep are prescribed.\n31 Optional extras\n(1) This regulation applies to a school body other than a joint school\nrepresentative body.\n(2) For sections 107(1)(m) and 119(1)(i) of the Act, the following are\nprescribed materials, services or facilities not covered by\nsection 75(2) of the Act for which a fee may be charged:\n(a) the provision of instructional support or instructional\nresources;\n(b) extra-curricular programs or activities;\n(c) entry costs associated with performances, productions or\nevents;\n(d) the provision of materials or services that are a higher cost\nalternative to those required for the standard curriculum\nprogram;\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 16\n(e) the provision of equipment or of other materials, services or\nfacilities.\nExamples for subregulation (2)(a)\nPrinting for personal use and internet access for recreational purposes.\nExample for subregulation (2)(b)\nInstrumental music tuition.\nExample for subregulation (2)(d)\nThe use of mahogany in woodwork instead of standard pine.\nExample for subregulation (2)(e)\nHire of a notebook computer or musical instrument.\n32 Voluntary contributions\n(1) This regulation applies to a school body other than a joint school\nrepresentative body.\n(2) For sections 107(1)(n) and 119(1)(j) of the Act, the following are the\nprescribed purposes for which voluntary contributions may be\nsought from parents:\n(a) donations to a building or a library trust fund, if the school\nbody is a deductible gift recipient;\n(b) financial contributions for a specific purpose designated by the\nGovernment school, or any of the Government schools, for\nwhich the school body is established;\n(c) financial contributions or donations of any kind to the\nGovernment school, or any of the Government schools, for\nwhich the school body is established.\n33 Ownership of materials and property\n(1) If a school body (other than a joint school representative body)\npurchases materials or other property wholly or partly from money\nmentioned in section 110(1)(a) of the Act, the materials or other\nproperty belong to the Minister.\n(2) If a school body (other than a joint school representative body)\npurchases materials or other property wholly from money\nmentioned in section 110(1)(b) or (c) of the Act, the materials or\nother property belong to the school body.\n(3) Subregulation (4) applies if a school management council\npurchases materials or other property on behalf of a joint school\nrepresentative body wholly from money mentioned in\nsection 110(1)(b) of the Act.\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 17\n(4) The materials or other property belong to whichever school\nmanagement council (established for one of the Government\nschools for which the joint school representative body is\nestablished) is nominated by the joint school representative body.\n34 Accounts\n(1) A school body (other than a joint school representative body) must\nopen an official bank account under the name of the school body\nwith an ADI and may open other bank accounts with an ADI.\n(2) A school management council may, on behalf of a joint school\nrepresentative body, open a bank account with an ADI.\n(3) A school body must obtain the approval of the CEO before opening\na bank account, including an official bank account.\n(4) A school body must deposit in an official bank account opened\nunder subregulation (1) all of its money mentioned in\nsection 110(1)(a) or (c) of the Act.\n(5) Money in an official bank account opened under subregulation (1) is\nheld on behalf of the Minister.\n(6) A school body may deposit in a bank account (other than an official\nbank account opened under subregulation (1)) money mentioned in\nsection 110(1)(b) of the Act.\n(7) A joint school representative body may determine the use of money\nin a bank account opened under subregulation (2) for the purpose\nof joint projects for the benefit of the Government schools for which\nthe body is established.\n(8) An account mentioned in subregulation (7) is to be managed by one\nof the Government schools for which the joint school representative\nbody is established as nominated by that body for that purpose.\n(9) A school body must keep separate records of transactions for each\naccount held by it.\n(10) A school representative body must nominate the persons who are\nto be signatories to withdrawals from an account held by the body.\n(11) A school management council or multi-school management council\nmust nominate at least 2 persons, who must be approved by the\nCEO, who are to be signatories to withdrawals from an account\nheld by the council.\n(12) A withdrawal as mentioned in subregulation (10) or (11) must be\nauthorised by at least 2 of the nominated signatories.\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 18\n35 Expenditure of money\n(1) A school representative body or school management council must\nnot, except with the written approval of the CEO, use money in a\nbank account opened by it other than on, or in relation to, the\nGovernment school for which it is established.\n(2) A joint school representative body or multi-school management\ncouncil must not, except with the written approval of the CEO, use\nmoney in a bank account opened by it other than on, or in relation\nto, any of the Government schools for which it is established.\n36 General accounting requirements\nA school body must ensure that:\n(a) interest earned on money in an account is credited to the\naccount; and\n(b) an instrument authorising the withdrawal of money from an\naccount in favour of a person specified in the instrument is\nonly capable of authorising a direct payment from the account\nto that person; and\n(c) there is a record made of all money received by the school\nbody, except as otherwise determined by the CEO by\ninstrument given to the body; and\n(d) each account of the school body is audited by a person who\nis:\n(i) a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants,\nInstitute of Public Accountants ACN 004 130 643 or\nCPA Australia; and\n(ii) appointed to audit the account by the school body or the\nCEO; and\n(e) an auditor or a firm of auditors is not appointed to audit the\naccounts of the school body for a term of more than 3 years;\nand\n(f) the person who audits an account of the school body prepares\na written report that includes:\n(i) a statement of receipts, payments and balance on hand\nwith respect to the account; and\n(ii) any other information that is directed in writing by the\nCEO to be included; and\n\nPart 5 Parent and community involvement in Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 19\n(g) the report mentioned in paragraph (f) is presented to the next\nannual general meeting held in accordance with\nregulation 26(1)(b); and\n(h) a copy of a report mentioned in paragraph (f) is sent to the\nCEO as soon as practicable after the annual general meeting\nto which it is presented; and\n(i) a person is appointed, whether or not a member of the school\nbody, with the duty of:\n(i) maintaining books of each account of the school body;\nand\n(ii) banking all money received for an account of the school\nbody; and\n(iii) subject to regulation 34(10) to (12), making payments\nout of the account as authorised by the school body.\n37 Secretary and treasurer to school body\n(1) For section 111(4) of the Act, a school body may request the\nprincipal of the Government school, or of any of the Government\nschools, for which it is established to direct the registrar of that\nGovernment school to act as either the secretary or treasurer, or as\nboth secretary and treasurer, to the school body.\n(2) On receiving a request under subregulation (1), the principal may,\nsubject to subregulation (3), give, or refuse to give, the direction\nsought by the request.\n(3) The principal must not give a direction that would require the\nregistrar to work, or attend meetings of the school body, outside the\nregistrar's normal working hours unless:\n(a) the registrar agrees to comply with the direction; and\n(b) the Agency has made arrangements under which the registrar\nwill be paid for doing such work or attending such meetings.\n(4) The registrar must comply with a direction given by the principal.\n(5) In this regulation:\nregistrar, in relation to a Government school, means the person\nholding the position of registrar of the school.\n\nPart 6 Non-Government schools\nEducation Regulations 2015 20\n38 Powers of CEO with respect to school representative body\nFor section 113(6)(a) of the Act, the prescribed period is 12 months.\nPart 6 Non-Government schools\n39 Registrar of non-Government schools\nFor section 123(2) of the Act, to be appointed as the registrar a\nperson is required to be employed under an Executive Contract of\nEmployment as defined by section 3(1) of the Public Sector\nEmployment and Management Act 1993.\n40 Application fee for registration\nFor section 129(2) of the Act, the prescribed fee for an application\nfor the registration of a non-Government school is 1 500 revenue\nunits.\n41 Code of conduct for assessors\nFor section 123C of the Act, the code of conduct for assessors is\nset out in Schedule 2.\n41A Student records\nFor section 142(1) of the Act, the following information is prescribed\nas information of a kind about which records must be kept about\neach student enrolled at a registered non-Government school for\nthe period of the student's attendance at that school:\n(a) the student's name;\n(b) the student's residential address;\n(c) the student's age and date of birth;\n(d) the student's unique pupil number given by the governing\nbody;\n(e) the name and contact details of a parent of the student;\n(f) the date the student was enrolled in the school;\n(g) the name of the person who enrolled the student in the school;\n(h) the student's level of education when the student was enrolled\nin the school;\n\nPart 7 Infringement notice offences\nEducation Regulations 2015 21\n(i) the name and address of the last school in which the student\nwas enrolled;\n(j) the student's attendance at the school;\n(k) the student's educational performance (including a\ncomparison with any national standards of education that are\nthe subject of an intergovernmental agreement to which the\nTerritory is a party);\n(l) any known medical conditions or allergies suffered by the\nstudent and any medication taken by the student;\n(m) the student's immunisation record;\n(n) any injuries or illnesses suffered by the student at the school.\n42 Application fee for variation of registration\nFor section 154(1) of the Act, the prescribed fee for an application\nfor the variation of the registration of a non-Government school is\n200 revenue units.\n42A Register of non-Government schools\nFor section 157(3) of the Act, the following information is required to\nbe contained in the register of non-Government schools:\n(a) the name and address of the school;\n(b) the name and address of the governing body of the school;\n(c) the date the school was registered under Part 7 of the Act;\n(d) any religious or other affiliation of the school;\n(e) the year levels of the school's students;\n(f) the conditions of registration imposed on the school under\nsection 138 of the Act.\nPart 7 Infringement notice offences\n43 Infringement notice offence and prescribed amount payable\n(1) An infringement notice offence is an offence against a provision\nspecified in Schedule 3.\n\nPart 7 Infringement notice offences\nEducation Regulations 2015 22\n(2) The prescribed amount for an infringement notice offence is the\namount equal to the monetary value of the number of penalty units\nspecified for the offence in Schedule 3.\n44 When infringement notice may be given\nIf an authorised person believes on reasonable grounds that a\nperson has committed an infringement notice offence, the\nauthorised person may give an infringement notice to the person.\n45 Contents of infringement notice\n(1) The infringement notice must specify the following:\n(a) the name and address of the person to whom it is issued, if\nknown;\n(b) the date the infringement notice is given to the person;\n(c) the date and time of the infringement notice offence and the\nplace at which the infringement notice offence occurred;\n(d) a description of the offence;\n(e) the prescribed amount payable for the offence;\n(f) the enforcement agency to which the prescribed amount is\npayable.\n(2) The infringement notice must include a statement to the effect of\nthe following:\n(a) the person may expiate the infringement notice offence and\navoid any further action in relation to the offence by paying the\nprescribed amount to the specified enforcement agency within\n28 days after the notice is given;\n(b) the person may elect to have the offence dealt with by a court\nby:\n(i) completing a statement of election and giving it to the\nspecified enforcement agency; and\n(ii) not paying the prescribed amount;\n(c) if the Fines and Penalties (Recovery) Act 2001 applies to the\ninfringement notice offence – enforcement action may be\ntaken under that Act if the person does nothing in response to\nthe notice.\n\nPart 7 Infringement notice offences\nEducation Regulations 2015 23\n(3) The infringement notice must include an appropriate form for\nmaking the statement of election mentioned in\nsubregulation (2)(b)(i).\n46 Electronic payment and payment by cheque\n(1) If the person uses electronic means to pay the prescribed amount,\npayment is not effected until the amount is credited to the payee's\nbank account.\n(2) If the person tenders a cheque in payment of the prescribed\namount, payment is not effected unless the cheque is cleared on\nfirst presentation.\n47 Expiation of offence\nIf the prescribed amount for the infringement notice offence is paid\nin accordance with the infringement notice, the alleged offence is\nexpiated and no further proceedings can be taken in relation to the\noffence.\n48 Withdrawal of infringement notice\n(1) The CEO may withdraw the infringement notice by written notice\ngiven to the person.\n(2) The notice must be given:\n(a) within 28 days after the infringement notice is given to the\nperson; and\n(b) before payment of the prescribed amount.\n49 Application of Part\n(1) This Part does not prejudice or affect the start or continuation of\nproceedings for an infringement notice offence for which an\ninfringement notice has been given unless the offence is expiated.\n(2) This Part does not:\n(a) require an infringement notice to be given; or\n(b) affect the liability of a person to be prosecuted in a court for an\noffence for which an infringement notice has not been given;\nor\n(c) prevent more than one infringement notice for the same\noffence being given to a person.\n\nPart 7 Infringement notice offences\nEducation Regulations 2015 24\n(3) If more than one infringement notice for the same offence has been\ngiven to a person, the person may expiate the offence by paying\nthe prescribed amount in accordance with any of the notices.\n\nSchedule 1 Disqualifying offences\nEducation Regulations 2015 25\nSchedule 1 Disqualifying offences\nregulation 4\n1 Criminal Code\nProvision of Act Qualification\nSection 125B or 125D\nSection 156 or 165 If the victim is a child\nSection 194 If the person kidnapped is a child\nSection 195 If the victim is a child\nSection 201 or 202\nSection 202C If the business involves the sexual\nservitude of a child\nSection 202D, 208H, 208HA or\n208HB\nIf the victim is a child\nSection 208J, 208JA, 208JB,\n208JC, 208JD, 208JE, 208JF,\n208JG, 208JH, 208JI, 208K,\n208KA or 208KB\nSection 208LB, 208LC or 208LD If the victim is a child\n2 Misuse of Drugs Act 1990\nProvision of Act Qualification\nSection 5B(1)\n3 Criminal Code (Cth)\nProvision of Act Qualification\nSections 268.8 to 268.68 and\n268.70 to 268.101\nSections 270.3, 270.5(1) and (2)\nand 270.7\nIf the victim is a child\n\nSchedule 1 Disqualifying offences\nEducation Regulations 2015 26\nSections 271.4, 271.7, 272.8 to\n272.15, 272.19, 273.5, 273.6,\n309.2 to 309.4, 309.7, 309.8,\n309.10 to 309.15, 471.16, 471.17,\n471.19, 471.20, 471.24, 471.25,\n471.26, 474.19, 474.20, 474.22,\n474.23, 474.25A, 474.25B, 474.26,\n474.27 and 474.27A\n4 Customs Act 1901 (Cth)\nProvision of Act Qualification\nSection 233BAB If the tier 2 goods were items of child\npornography or child abuse material\n\nSchedule 2 Code of conduct for assessors\nEducation Regulations 2015 27\nSchedule 2 Code of conduct for assessors\nregulation 41\n2 Purpose of code\nThe purpose of this code of conduct is to:\n(a) set out the high standards of honesty, integrity and ethical\nbehaviour expected of assessors in performing functions\nunder the Act; and\n(b) guide assessors as to the practices necessary for confidence\nto be maintained in their integrity and for assessors to comply\nwith their legal obligations in performing functions under the\nAct.\n3 Requirements\nAssessors must:\n(a) act with honesty and integrity, that is:\n(i) be open and transparent in their dealings; and\n(ii) use power responsibly; and\n(iii) not place themselves in a position of conflict of interest;\nand\n(iv) declare any conflict of interest that should arise; and\n(v) strive to earn and retain public trust of a high level; and\n(b) act in good faith, that is:\n(i) demonstrate accountability for their actions; and\n(ii) accept responsibility for their decisions; and\n(iii) make all decisions in the best interests of students; and\n(iv) not engage in activities that may bring them or the\nregistrar into disrepute; and\n(c) act fairly and impartially, that is:\n(i) avoid bias, discrimination, capriciousness or\nself-interest; and\n\nSchedule 2 Code of conduct for assessors\nEducation Regulations 2015 28\n(ii) demonstrate respect for others by always acting in a\nprofessional and courteous manner; and\n(d) use information appropriately, that is, ensure that information\ngained in the performance of functions is kept confidential and\nonly used for proper purposes; and\n(e) use their position appropriately, that is:\n(i) not use their position to seek an undue advantage for\nthemselves, family members or associates; and\n(ii) not cause detriment to the registrar; and\n(iii) ensure that they refuse any offers of gifts or favours that\nmay cast doubt on their ability to apply independent\njudgement in performing functions; and\n(f) act in a financially responsible manner, that is:\n(i) be accountable for all public resources used in\nperforming functions; and\n(ii) be economical and avoid waste in using public\nresources; and\n(g) exercise due care, diligence and skill, that is;\n(i) find out all relevant information and make all reasonable\nenquiries before making a recommendation or decision;\nand\n(ii) understand the financial, strategic and other implications\nof their recommendations or decisions; and\n(h) comply with the Act, that is, act within the powers given to\nthem by the Act and for the purposes for which they are given;\nand\n(i) demonstrate leadership and stewardship, that is:\n(i) set a good example; and\n(ii) exercise care and responsibility to ensure the effective\nregulation of non-Government schools.\n\nSchedule 3 Infringement notice offences and prescribed amounts\nEducation Regulations 2015 29\nSchedule 3 Infringement notice offences and prescribed\namounts\nregulation 44\nProvision of Act Prescribed amount\n(penalty units)\nsections 39(1), 40(2), 42(2), 70(2), 71(4),\n94(2), 151(1), 171(5), 172(7), 173(11),\n175(2) and 176(2)\n2\nsections 39(2), 40(3), 42(3), 70(3), 71(8),\n94(3), 171(6), 172(8), 173(12), 174(3),\n175(3) and 176(3)\n0.2\n\nENDNOTES\nEducation Regulations 2015 30\nENDNOTES\n1 KEY\nKey to abbreviations\namd = amended od = order\napp = appendix om = omitted\nbl = by-law pt = Part\nch = Chapter r = regulation/rule\ncl = clause rem = remainder\ndiv = Division renum = renumbered\nexp = expires/expired rep = repealed\nf = forms s = section\nGaz = Gazette sch = Schedule\nhdg = heading sdiv = Subdivision\nins = inserted SL = Subordinate Legislation\nlt = long title sub = substituted\nnc = not commenced\n2 LIST OF LEGISLATION\nEducation Regulations (SL No. 30, 2015)\nNotified 15 December 2015\nCommenced 1 January 2016 (r 2 and s 2 Education Act 2016 (Act No. 28,\n2015)\nEducation Amendments Regulations 2016 (SL No. 31, 2016)\nNotified 6 July 2016\nCommenced 6 July 2016\nJustice Legislation Amendment (Drug Offences) Act 2016 (Act No. 17, 2016)\nAssent date 8 June 2016\nCommenced s 17 (to ext ins new s 15): 10 October 2016;\nrem: 18 July 2016 (Gaz S67, 18 July 2016)\nStatute Law Revision Act 2018 (Act No. 10, 2018)\nAssent date 23 May 2018\nCommenced 20 June 2018 (Gaz S41, 20 June 2018)\nStatute Law Revision Act 2020 (Act No. 26, 2020)\nAssent date 19 November 2020\nCommenced 20 November 2020\nCriminal Justice Legislation Amendment (Sexual Offences) Act 2023 (Act No. 20, 2023)\nAssent date 17 August 2023\nCommenced 25 March 2024 (Gaz S20, 22 March 2024)\nEducation Legislation Amendment Act 2023 (Act No. 27, 2023)\nAssent date 3 November 2023\nCommenced 2 January 2024 (s 2)\n\nENDNOTES\nEducation Regulations 2015 31\n3 GENERAL AMENDMENTS\nGeneral amendments of a formal nature (which are not referred to in the table\nof amendments to this reprint) are made by the Interpretation Legislation\nAmendment Act 2018 (Act No. 22, 2018) to: rr 1, 29, 39 and 45\n4 LIST OF AMENDMENTS\nr 22 amd No. 31, 2016, r 3\nr 26 amd No. 31, 2016, r 9\nr 29 amd No. 31, 2016, r 4\nr 34 amd No. 31, 2016, r 5; Act No. 26, 2020, r 3\nr 36 amd No. 31, 2016, r 9\nr 41 amd Act No. 27, 2023, s 43\nr 41A ins No. 31, 2016, r 6\nr 42A ins No. 31, 2016, r 7\npt 7 hdg sub Act No. 27, 2023, s 44\nss 43 – 48 sub Act No. 27, 2023, s 44\nr 49 ins No. 31, 2016, r 8\nexp Act No. 28, 2015, s 194(5)\nins Act No. 27, 2023, s 44\npt 8 hdg ins No. 31, 2016, r 8\nrep Act No. 10, 2018, s 6\nr 50 ins No. 31, 2016, r 8\nexp Act No. 28, 2015, s 194(5)\nsch 1 amd Act No. 17, 2016, s 46; Act No. 20, 2023, s 41\nsch 2 amd Act No. 27, 2023, s 45","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Regulations have grown beyond a narrow technical implementation instrument. Since first made they have been amended to add administrative enforcement and compliance layers (notably the infringement notice scheme in Part 7 and Schedule 3 inserted by later amendment), to expand record‑keeping obligations for non‑Government schools (reg 41A), and to add and update the lists of disqualifying offences (Schedule 1) and assessor conduct standards (Schedule 2). These additions increase the Regulations' substantive reach: they create new enforcement tools for the Agency (administrative penalties), impose additional administrative and audit requirements on school bodies and private schools, and refine child‑safety related exclusions by listing specific criminal provisions. The end result is a statute that now combines governance, financial controls, enforcement processes and child protection detail rather than only procedural or minor technical rules (see regs 41A; Part 7 regs 43–49 and Schedule 3; Schedule 1; sch 2)."},"complexity_factors":["49 regulations across 7 Parts plus 3 Schedules (comprehensive coverage).","Extensive cross‑references to the Education Act (many specific section references throughout: e.g. ss 5, 9, 23, 28, 33, 34, 45–46, 66–69, 75–76, 79, 83, 92–93, 103–104, 106–107, 119, 123, 129, 142, 154, 157).","Schedule 1 lists numerous Criminal Code and Commonwealth offence provisions (many clauses and qualifications), increasing legal detail on disqualifying offences.","Part 5 contains layered governance and financial rules for school bodies (composition, term limits, meeting rules, quorum, voting, chair selection, casual vacancies, meeting notice rules) with nested exceptions (regs 21–27).","Detailed financial/accounting framework with specialist requirements: official accounts, CEO approvals, signatory rules, auditor qualifications and term limits, audit report content and timing (regs 34–37).","Infringement notice scheme with procedural steps, timelines, withdrawal mechanics and mapping of offences to penalty unit amounts in Schedule 3 (Part 7).","Several discretionary powers left to the Minister or CEO (fee setting by Gazette, CEO approvals, Minister decisions on independent school status) creating conditional pathways and administrative discretion (regs 14, 28, 34(3), 35(1), 48).","Definitions and terms partly in Regulation 3 but many important terms are defined in the parent Act, requiring frequent cross‑consultation to interpret application.","Multiple fee figures and financial thresholds (e.g. registration fee 1,500 revenue units; variation fee 200 revenue units) combined with Gazette‑based fee setting elsewhere (regs 40, 42, 14).","Regulatory overlap across school types (Government schools, independent public school boards, joint school representative bodies, non‑Government schools) adds branches to interpretation and application."],"plain_english_summary":"**What these Regulations do (mechanics)\n\n- The Education Regulations 2015 set detailed rules that implement the Education Act for the Northern Territory. They tell schools, school bodies, parents, the Minister and the CEO (the public education chief executive) how particular parts of the Act are to work in practice.\n\n- Key operational items set out in the Regulations include: enrolment and attendance record details (what must be kept for each student) (reg 11; reg 41A), requirements for home education programs to be approved (reg 12), eligibility and fees rules for international students and distance‑education students (regs 13–14), the standard curriculum program that Government schools must provide (reg 15), and how non‑Government schools are registered and inspected (regs 39–42A).\n\n- They also prescribe governance and participation arrangements for the Northern Territory Board of Studies and for local school representative bodies: how board members are nominated and what ‘expert’ means (regs 6–9), how school representative bodies are composed and run (regs 21–37), how independent public school board applications are made and decided (reg 28), limits on school body investments (reg 29) and detailed financial, audit and account‑keeping rules for school bodies (regs 34–37).\n\n- The Regulations create an administrative penalties (infringement notice) scheme for a list of specified offences (Part 7 and Schedule 3). They set the process for issuing, paying, withdrawing or electing court action for infringement notices (regs 43–49).\n\nWho is affected\n\n- Government schools and their principals (record‑keeping, curriculum, enrolment caps, attendance, school body interactions) (regs 11, 15, 17, 26).\n- School representative bodies (parents and staff bodies) and their members — composition, terms, meetings, finance, permissible fees and contributions, ownership of purchased materials (regs 21–37, 31–33).\n- Independent public school boards (application, approval period, public disclosure obligations) (reg 28).\n- Non‑Government schools (registration, record keeping, registration fees, assessors’ code of conduct) (regs 39–42A, sch 2, reg 41A).\n- Parents and students (information kept, participation in school bodies, optional extras and voluntary contributions rules, possible infringement notices) (regs 11, 31–32, 43–49).\n- The Minister and the CEO (discretion to set fees by Gazette, approvals of accounts/expenditure, power to remove or direct school body actions, power to withdraw infringement notices) (regs 14, 34(3), 35(1), 38, 48).\n\nWhy it matters (official rationale and its practical effects)\n\n- The regulations give practical detail to the Act so agencies and school communities know what records to keep, what curriculum is standard, how local governance bodies must operate, how school funds must be handled and what administrative penalties apply for certain breaches. The official purpose is to ensure consistent standards for education delivery, governance, financial accountability and child safety across Territory schools.\n\n- Testing that claim against trade‑offs and incentives:\n  - Compliance and administration costs: school representative bodies and schools must keep accounts, appoint qualified auditors, obey signatory rules and seek CEO approval for some spending — this imposes recurring administrative and audit costs (regs 34–37).\n  - Concentrated vs diffuse impacts: parents and volunteer school body members bear most of the administrative and governance burden (meeting, record keeping, fundraising), while the Minister/CEO retain decision rights and approval powers (regs 22–28, 34(3), 35(1)).\n  - Limits on investment/financial activity: school bodies are expressly forbidden from entering derivative transactions or acquiring corporate securities, restricting financial risk-taking but also limiting potential returns on reserves (reg 29).\n  - Effect on private schools: non‑Government schools face registration fees and record‑keeping obligations and are subject to assessment under a code of conduct — this increases regulatory overhead for smaller private providers (regs 39–42A, sch 2).\n  - Administrative enforcement: the infringement notice regime provides the CEO/authorised officers with a quick, administrative route to penalties (Part 7) rather than only court prosecutions. That lowers prosecutorial cost but shifts the balance towards administrative enforcement with capped monetary penalties (regs 43–49, sch 3).\n  - Ownership and funding incentives: who owns materials depends on which school account paid for them — materials bought from certain funds belong to the Minister, while others belong to the school body; that affects incentives for spending and fundraising (reg 33).\n\nWho pays, who decides, and what behaviour changes\n\n- Who pays: parents may pay for optional extras, voluntary contributions, overseas student fees and non‑Government school registration/variation fees (regs 14, 31–32, 40, 42). School bodies pay audit and administrative costs required by the Regulations (regs 34–37). Individuals who commit specified offences may pay infringement amounts (Part 7, sch 3).\n\n- Who decides: the Minister determines some fees by Gazette (reg 14); the CEO has approval and supervisory powers over school body bank accounts, spending outside school purposes, nomination approvals for signatories, and may withdraw infringement notices (regs 34(3), 35(1), 34(11–12), 48). The Minister decides on independent public school applications (reg 28).\n\n- Behaviour changes expected: more formalised record‑keeping and auditing by school bodies; constrained financial activities; clearer processes for home education approvals and international enrolments; use of administrative infringement notices by authorised officers as an enforcement choice.\n\nImplementation and risk notes (practical)\n\n- Implementation risk: the Regulations rely on active oversight by the CEO and on school bodies engaging qualified auditors (reg 36). Capacity constraints at the agency level or among volunteer school bodies could create uneven compliance.\n- Compliance burden: explicit audit qualifications, limits on auditor tenure and reporting requirements (reg 36) increase professional costs. Smaller schools and volunteer bodies may face proportionally larger burdens.\n- Rent‑seeking/capture risk: the Regulations centralise key approvals and financial oversight with the CEO/Minister (regs 34–35), which concentrates discretionary power; the rules for invited members (reg 22(6)–(8)) create a route for local government or MLA involvement in bodies.\n\nSelect specific provisions cited above: regs 11–15, 21–37, 29, 31–33, 34–37, 39–42A, Part 7 (regs 43–49) and Schedules 1–3."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The regulations appear consistent with their original purpose as subsidiary rules supporting the Education Act 2015. The 2023 and 2016 amendments (shown in Endnotes) added specific provisions (student records for non-Government schools, infringement notice procedures) but these represent natural elaboration within the existing framework rather than scope creep. The structure remains focused on the core areas of school governance, registration, and student welfare as originally intended."},"complexity_factors":["Moderate length (49 regulations plus 3 schedules) with detailed procedural rules","Multiple defined terms in Part 5 (school body, school representative body, deductible gift recipient) creating a layered classification system","Extensive cross-referencing to the parent Education Act 2015 (over 50 section references)","Nested conditional logic in Part 5 regarding school representative body composition (distinguishing between single schools, joint schools, invited members, student members, and excluded categories)","Financial governance requirements with multiple account types (official vs other), signatory rules, and audit requirements","Schedule 1 incorporates external offences from 4 different Acts (NT Criminal Code, Misuse of Drugs Act, Commonwealth Criminal Code, Customs Act) with specific victim-age qualifications","Transitional provisions and amendment history in Endnotes showing evolutionary complexity"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this legislation does:**\n\nThese are the **Education Regulations 2015** for the Northern Territory. They are the detailed rules that sit underneath the main Education Act 2015, filling in the practical \"how-to\" of running schools in the NT.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n\n*   **Parents and students** – rules about enrolment, attendance, home schooling, school fees, and how parents can get involved in school decision-making through school councils.\n*   **Teachers and principals** – requirements for school representative bodies, meeting procedures, and professional conduct.\n*   **Non-Government (private) schools** – registration processes, fees, record-keeping, and a code of conduct for assessors who evaluate these schools.\n*   **The Northern Territory Board of Studies** – how members are nominated, how often they meet, and who can chair the Board.\n\n**Key areas covered:**\n\n*   **School governance:** Sets up the rules for school representative bodies (parent councils), including how many members (5–19), who can join (parents, teachers, principals, sometimes students), how long they serve (2-year terms), and how they handle money (strict banking and auditing rules).\n*   **Student records:** What information schools must keep about enrolments, attendance, and student welfare—including medical conditions and immunisation records.\n*   **Home education:** What parents must tell the government if they want to homeschool their child (curriculum details, hours of instruction, facilities available).\n*   **Non-Government school regulation:** Registration fees ($1,500 to register, $200 to vary registration), and detailed student record requirements.\n*   **Discipline and safety:** Lists serious criminal offences (\"disqualifying offences\") that prevent people from working with children—mostly child abuse, sexual offences, and serious drug crimes.\n*   **Infringement notices:** A system for fining people for minor education offences (like truancy-related breaches) without going to court—similar to a speeding ticket.\n\n**Why it matters:**\n\nThese regulations touch everyday school life. They determine whether a parent can join their child's school council, what happens if a family chooses homeschooling, how private schools get approved, and what safety checks exist to keep children away from people with serious criminal histories. For school communities, Part 5 is particularly significant—it gives parents a formal voice in school management but wraps that power in strict financial controls to prevent misuse of funds."},"summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"Scope has partially narrowed from the original instrument. Regulations 49 and 50 expired on 1 January 2017 by operation of the Education Act 2015 itself, meaning the regulations no longer operate in full as originally made. The remaining provisions continue in force, but the overall regulatory scheme is reduced from its original form."},"complexity_factors":["Minimal substantive content provided — only metadata and header information is available, limiting meaningful analysis","Interaction between the Regulations and the parent Education Act 2015 requires cross-referencing two documents to understand full effect","Sunset/expiry provisions for Regulations 49 and 50 add a temporal layer — readers must know which rules are still active","Reprint history means the current version may differ from the original, requiring awareness of amendments over time","Jurisdictionally specific to the ACT, which may confuse readers familiar with other states' education frameworks"],"plain_english_summary":"The Education Regulations 2015 (ACT) set out the detailed administrative rules under the Education Act 2015 affecting students, families, schools, teachers and the Department of Education and Training. They are in force, a reprint has been issued, and two specific provisions (Regulations 49 and 50) expired on 1 January 2017 under a sunset clause. The supplied document contains limited substantive detail, so specific rights or obligations can’t be fully assessed."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/education-regulations-2015","history":"/api/acts/education-regulations-2015/history","analysis":"/api/acts/education-regulations-2015/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/education-regulations-2015/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/education-regulations-2015/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/education-regulations-2015/documents"}}