{"id":"wa-local:east-fremantle-town-of-waste-local-law-2017","name":"Waste Local Law 2017","slug":"east-fremantle-town-of-waste-local-law-2017","collection":"local_law","jurisdiction":"wa","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":441697,"registerId":"wa-local:east-fremantle-town-of-waste-local-law-2017-1775956934281","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-12","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Waste Local Law 2017","content":"!2017071GG!\n1953\nISSN 1448-949X (print) ISSN 2204-4264 (online)\nPRINT POST APPROVED PP665002/00041\nPERTH, FRIDAY, 31 MARCH 2017 No. 71 SPECIAL\nPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY KEVIN J. McRAE, GOVERNMENT PRINTER AT 12.30 PM\n© STATE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA\nWESTERN\nAUSTRALIAN\nGOVERNMENT\nWASTE AVOIDANCE AND RESOURCE RECOVERY ACT 2007\nLOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT 1995\n_________\nTOWN OF EAST FREMANTLE\n———————————\nWASTE LOCAL LAW 2017\n\n\n\n31 March 2017 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, WA 1955\nWASTE AVOIDANCE AND RESOURCE RECOVERY ACT 2007\nLOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT 1995\nTOWN OF EAST FREMANTLE\nWASTE LOCAL LAW 2017\nUnder the powers conferred on it by the Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2007 and the\nLocal Government Act 1995 and under all other enabling powers, the Council of the Town of East\nFremantle resolved on 21 March 2017 to make the following local law.\nPART 1—PRELIMINARY\n1.1 Short title\nThis is the Town of East Fremantle Waste Local Law 2017.\n1.2 Commencement\nThis local law commences 14 days after the day on which it is published in the Government Gazette.\n1.3 Application\nThis local law applies throughout the district.\n1.4 Repeal\nThe following local laws are repealed—\n(1) The Municipality of East Fremantle By-law Relating to Clearing of Rubbish, Inflammable\nMatter and Other Substances on Land, published in the Government Gazette on 2 April 1958;\nand\n(2) The Town of East Fremantle By-laws Relating to Depositing and Removal of Refuse, Rubbish,\nLitter and Disused Materials published in the Government Gazette on 4 January 1985 and as\namended in the Government Gazette on 2 April 1993.\n1.5 Meaning of terms used in this local law\n(1) In this local law—\nauthorised person means a person appointed by the local government under section 9.10 of the\nLG Act to perform any of the functions of an authorised person under this local law;\ncollectable waste means local government waste that is not—\n(a) liquid refuse;\n(b) liquid waste; or\n(c) non-collectable waste;\ncollectable waste receptacle means a receptacle for the deposit and collection of collectable\nwaste that is—\n(a) a recycling waste receptacle;\n(b) a general waste receptacle; or\n(c) an organic waste receptacle;\ncollection, when used in relation to a receptacle, means the collection and removal of collectable\nwaste from the receptacle by the local government or its contractor;\ncollection day means the day determined by the local government for the collection of collectable\nwaste in the district or a part of the district;\ncollection time means the time on the collection day determined by the local government for the\ncollection of collectable waste in the district or a part of the district;\ncosts of the local government include administrative costs;\ndistrict means the district of the local government;\ngeneral waste receptacle means a receptacle for the deposit and collection of collectable waste\nthat is not recycling waste;\n\n1956 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, WA 31 March 2017\nLG Act means the Local Government Act 1995;\nLG Regulations means the Local Government (Functions and General) Regulations 1996;\nlocal government means the Town of East Fremantle;\nlocal government waste has the same meaning as in the WARR Act;\nnon-collectable waste has the meaning set out in Schedule 1;\noccupier in relation to premises, means any or all of the following—\n(a) a person by whom or on whose behalf the premises are actually occupied; or\n(b) a person having the management or control of the premises;\norganic waste means waste that decomposes readily, such as garden waste or food waste;\norganic waste receptacle means a receptacle for the deposit and collection of organic waste;\nowner has the same meaning as in the LG Act;\npenalty unit means the amount prescribed by the local government as a standard penalty unit\nin the Town of East Fremantle Penalty Units Local Law 2016;\npublic place includes a place to which the public ordinarily have access, whether or not by\npayment of a fee;\nreceptacle means a receptacle—\n(a) that has been supplied for the use of the premises by the local government or its\ncontractor, or which has otherwise been approved by the local government; and\n(b) the waste from which is collected and removed from the premises by the local\ngovernment or its contractor;\nrecycling waste receptacle means a receptacle for the deposit and collection of recycling waste;\nrecycling waste means—\n(a) paper and cardboard;\n(b) plastic containers comprised of polyethylene terephthalate or high density\npolyethylene;\n(c) glass containers;\n(d) steel containers;\n(e) aluminium containers;\n(f) liquid paper board; and\n(g) any other waste determined by the local government to be recycling waste;\nspecified means specified by the local government or an authorised person, as the case may be;\nstreet alignment means the boundary between the land comprising a street and the land that\nabuts the street;\nWARR Act means the Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2007;\nwaste has the same meaning as in the WARR Act;\nwaste service has the same meaning as in the WARR Act; and\nvectors of disease includes fleas, flies, bedbugs, cockroaches, lice and any other insect prescribed\nby the local government.\n(2) Where, in this local law, a duty or liability is imposed on an owner or occupier, or on an owner and\noccupier, the duty or liability is taken to be imposed jointly and severally on each of the owners or\noccupiers.\n1.6 Local public notice of determinations\nWhere, under this local law, the local government has a power to determine a matter—\n(1) local public notice, under section 1.7 of the LG Act, must be given of the matter determined;\n(2) the determination becomes effective only after local public notice has been given;\n(3) the determination remains in force for the period of one year after the date that local public\nnotice has been given under paragraph (1);\n(4) after the period referred to in paragraph (3), the determination continues in force only if, and\nfor so long as, it is the subject of local public notice, given annually, under section 1.7 of the\nLG Act; and\n(5) the determination must be recorded in a publicly accessible register of determinations that\nmust be maintained by the local government.\n1.7 Rates, fees and charges\nThe local government’s powers to impose rates, fees and charges in relation to waste services are set\nout in sections 66 to 68 of the WARR Act and section 6.16 and 6.17 of the LG Act.\n1.8 Power to provide waste services\nThe local government’s power to provide, or enter into a contract for the provision of waste services is\ndealt with in section 50 of the WARR Act.\n\n31 March 2017 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, WA 1957\nPART 2—LOCAL GOVERNMENT WASTE\n2.1 Supply of receptacles\n(1) The local government is to supply, for the use of each premises that are, or are capable of being,\noccupied or used for residential purposes, one or more receptacles for the collection and removal, from\nthose premises, of collectable waste.\n(2) The owner of premises to which subclause (1) applies must take all reasonable steps to—\n(a) ensure that the fee or charge (if any) imposed by the local government in relation to each\nreceptacle is paid to the local government; and\n(b) ensure that each receptacle is used, in respect of those premises, in accordance with this local\nlaw.\n2.2 Deposit of waste in receptacles\n(1) An owner or occupier of premises must not deposit or permit to be deposited in a receptacle any\nnon-collectable waste.\n(2) A person must not deposit waste in a receptacle that has been provided for the use of other\npremises without the consent of the owner or occupier of those premises.\n2.3 General waste receptacles\n(1) An owner or occupier of premises must not deposit or permit to be deposited in a general waste\nreceptacle—\n(a) where the receptacle has a capacity of 240 litres—more than 70 kilograms of collectable\nwaste; or\n(b) where the receptacle has any other capacity—more than the weight determined by the local\ngovernment.\n(2) Where the local government supplies recycling waste receptacles, an owner or occupier of premises\nmust not deposit or permit to be deposited in a general waste receptacle any recycling waste.\n(3) Where the local government supplies organic waste receptacles, an owner or occupier of premises\nmust not deposit or permit to be deposited in a general waste receptacle any organic waste.\n2.4 Recycling waste receptacles\nAn owner or occupier of premises must not deposit or permit to be deposited in a recycling waste\nreceptacle—\n(a) anything other than the particular type of recycling waste for which that receptacle was\nprovided by the local government for those premises;\n(b) where the receptacle has a capacity of 240 litres—more than 70 kilograms of recycling waste;\nor\n(c) where the receptacle has any other capacity—more than the weight determined by the local\ngovernment.\n2.5 Direction to place or remove a receptacle\n(1) The local government or an authorised person may give a written direction to an owner or occupier\nof specified premises—\n(a) to place a receptacle in respect of those premises for collection; or\n(b) to remove a receptacle in respect of those premises after collection.\n(2) The direction under subclause (1) may specify when the placement or removal is to occur, or where\nthe receptacle is to be placed, or both.\n(3) An owner or occupier of premises must comply with a direction given under this clause.\n2.6 Duties of owner or occupier\nAn owner or occupier of premises must—\n(a) except for a reasonable period before and after collection time, keep each receptacle in a\nstorage space or area that is behind the street alignment;\n(b) take reasonable steps, if placing a receptacle for collection on the verge adjoining the\npremises, or other area as determined by the local government, to ensure that, within a\nreasonable period before collection time, each receptacle—\n(i) is within 1 metre of the carriageway;\n(ii) does not unduly obstruct any footpath, cycle way, right-of-way or carriageway; and\n(iii) is facing squarely to the edge of and opening towards the carriageway,\nor in such other position as is approved in writing by the local government or an authorised\nperson;\n(c) take reasonable steps to ensure that the premises are provided with an adequate number of\nreceptacles; and\n(d) if the receptacle is lost, stolen, damaged or defective, notify the local government, as soon as\npracticable, after the event.\n2.7 Exemption\n(1) An owner or occupier of premises may apply in writing to the local government for an exemption\nfrom compliance with the requirements of clause 2.6(a) or (b).\n\n1958 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, WA 31 March 2017\n(2) The local government or an authorised person may grant, with or without conditions, or refuse an\napplication for exemption from compliance under this clause.\n(3) An exemption granted under this clause must state—\n(a) the premises to which the exemption applies;\n(b) the period during which the exemption applies; and\n(c) any conditions imposed by the local government or the authorised person.\n(4) An exemption granted under this clause ceases to apply—\n(a) if the local government decides, on reasonable grounds, that there has been a failure to\ncomply with a condition of the exemption; and\n(b) from the date that the local government informs the owner or occupier of its decision under\nclause 2.7(4)(a).\n2.8 Damaging or removing receptacles\nA person, other than the local government or its contractor, must not—\n(a) damage, destroy or interfere with a receptacle; or\n(b) remove a receptacle from any premises to which it was delivered by the local government or\nits contractor except as permitted by this local law or as authorised by the local government\nor an authorised person,.\n2.9 Verge collections\n(1) Where the local government has advertised a verge waste collection (such as a green waste, or a\nbulk waste, verge collection) a person, unless with and in accordance with the approval of the local\ngovernment or an authorised person—\n(a) must deposit waste only during the period of time, and in accordance with other terms and\nconditions, as advertised by the local government in relation to that verge waste collection;\nand\n(b) must otherwise comply with those terms and conditions.\n(2) Where waste has been deposited on a verge for a verge waste collection, a person must not remove\nany of that waste for a commercial purpose but may remove it for any other purpose.\n(3) Except where waste is lawfully removed from a verge under this clause, a person must not\ndisassemble or tamper with any waste deposited on a verge for a verge waste collection so as to\nincrease the risk of harm to any person.\n(4) Clause 2.9(2) does not apply to the local government or a person engaged or contracted by the local\ngovernment in relation to the verge waste collection.\nPART 3—GENERAL DUTIES\n3.1 Duties of an owner or occupier\nAn owner or occupier of premises must—\n(a) take all reasonable steps to ensure that an adequate number of receptacles are provided to\ncontain all waste which accumulates or may accumulate in or from the premises;\n(b) take all reasonable steps to ensure that each receptacle is kept in good condition and repair;\n(c) take all reasonable steps to—\n(i) prevent fly breeding and keep each receptacle free of flies, maggots, cockroaches,\nrodents and other vectors of disease;\n(ii) prevent the emission of offensive or noxious odours from each receptacle; and\n(iii) ensure that each receptacle does not cause a nuisance to an occupier of adjoining\npremises; and\n(d) whenever directed to do so by the local government or an authorised person, thoroughly\nclean, disinfect, deodorise and apply a residual insecticide to each receptacle; and\n(e) if directed by an authorised person, remove any waste from a receptacle that has not been\nproperly deposited in that receptacle in accordance with this local law or a permit.\n3.2 Removal of waste from premises\n(1) A person must not remove any waste from premises unless that person is—\n(a) the owner or occupier of the premises;\n(b) authorised to do so by the owner or occupier of the premises; or\n(c) authorised in writing to do so by the local government or an authorised person.\n(2) A person must not remove any waste from a receptacle without the approval of—\n(a) the local government or an authorised person; or\n(b) the owner or occupier of the premises at which the receptacle is ordinarily kept.\n3.3 Receptacles for public use\nA person must not, without the approval of the local government or an authorised person—\n(a) deposit household, commercial or other waste from any premises on or into; or\n(b) remove any waste from,\na receptacle provided for the use of the general public in a public place.\n\n31 March 2017 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, WA 1959\n3.4 Waste control on building sites\n(1) In this clause—\nbuilding work means—\n(a) building work for which a building permit is required under the Building Act 2011; and\n(b) demolition work for which a demolition permit is required under the Building Act 2011;\nbuilding work waste means all waste from building work that is capable of being windblown;\nand\nreceptacle means a receptacle the waste from which is collected and removed otherwise than by\nthe local government or its contractor.\n(2) A person must not allow, commence or continue any building work on premises unless, at all times\nwhile the building work is being undertaken—\n(a) there is located on the premises, as close as practicable to the building work a receptacle with\na capacity of not less than 4 cubic metres, or as otherwise approved by the local government,\nsuitable for the collection and disposal of building work waste;\n(b) building work waste is deposited and kept in the receptacle; and\n(c) the lid of the receptacle is kept closed except when waste is being deposited in the receptacle.\nPART 4—ENFORCEMENT\n4.1 Offences and general penalty\n(1) A person who fails to do anything required or directed to be done under this local law, or who does\nanything which under this local law a person is prohibited from doing, commits an offence.\n(2) A person who commits an offence under this local law is liable, on conviction, to a penalty not less\nthan $500 and not exceeding $5,000, and if the offence is of a continuing nature, to a further penalty\nnot exceeding $500 in respect of each day or part of a day during which the offence has continued.\n4.2 Other costs and expenses\n(1) A person who is convicted of an offence under this local law is to be liable, in addition to any\npenalty imposed under clause 4.1, to pay to the local government the costs and expenses incurred by\nthe local government in taking remedial action such as—\n(a) removing and lawfully disposing of toxic, hazardous or poisonous waste; or\n(b) making good any damage caused to a waste facility.\n(2) The costs and expenses incurred by the local government are to be recoverable, as a debt due to\nthe local government, in a court of competent civil jurisdiction.\n4.3 Prescribed offences\n(1) An offence against a clause specified in Schedule 2 is a prescribed offence for the purposes of\nsection 9.16(1) of the LG Act.\n(2) The amount of the modified penalty for a prescribed offence is that specified adjacent to the clause\nin Schedule 2.\n(3) If this local law expresses a modified penalty as a number of penalty units, the monetary value of\nthe modified penalty is the number of dollars obtained by multiplying the value of the penalty unit by\nthe number of penalty units.\n4.4 Form of notices\n(1) Where a vehicle is involved in the commission of an offence, the form of the notice referred to in\nsection 9.13 of the LG Act is that of Form 1 in Schedule 1 of the LG Regulations.\n(2) The form of the infringement notice given under section 9.16 of the LG Act is that of Form 2 in\nSchedule 1 of the LG Regulations.\n(3) The form of the infringement withdrawal notice given under section 9.20 of the LG Act is that of\nForm 3 in Schedule 1 of the LG Regulations.\n————\nSchedule 1\nMEANING OF NON-COLLECTABLE WASTE\n(Clause 1.5)\nnon-collectable waste means—\n(a) hot or burning material;\n(b) household hazardous waste, including paint, acids, alkalis, fire extinguishers, solvents,\npesticides, oils, gas cylinders, batteries, chemicals and heavy metals;\n(c) any other hazardous material, such as radioactive waste;\n(d) any explosive material, such as flares or ammunition;\n\n1960 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, WA 31 March 2017\n(e) electrical and electronic equipment;\n(f) hospital, medical, veterinary, laboratory or pathological substances;\n(g) construction or demolition waste;\n(h) sewage;\n(i) ‘controlled waste’ for the purposes of the Environmental Protection (Controlled Waste)\nRegulations 2004;\n(j) any object that is greater in length, width, or breadth than the corresponding\ndimension of the receptacle or that will not allow the lid of the receptacle to be tightly\nclosed;\n(k) waste that is or is likely to become offensive or a nuisance, or give off an offensive or\nnoxious odour, or to attract flies or cause fly breeding unless it is first wrapped in non-\nabsorbent or impervious material or placed in a sealed impervious and leak-proof\ncontainer; and\n(l) any other waste determined by the local government under clause 1.6 to be non-\ncollectable waste.\n————\nSchedule 2\nPRESCRIBED OFFENCES\n(Clause 4.3)\nItem\nNo. Clause No. Description Penalty\nUnit\n1 2.1(2)(a) Failing to pay fee or charge 10\n2 2.1(2)(b) Failing to ensure lawful use of receptacle 10\n3 2.2(1) Depositing non-collectable waste in a receptacle 10\n4 2.2(2) Depositing waste in another receptacle without consent 10\n5 2.3(1) Exceeding weight capacity of a general waste receptacle 10\n6 2.3(2) Depositing unauthorised waste in a general waste receptacle\nwhen a recycling waste receptacle has been provided\n10\n7 2.3(3) Depositing organic waste in a general waste receptacle when\nan organic waste receptacle has been provided\n10\n8 2.4(a) Depositing unauthorised waste in a recycling waste\nreceptacle\n10\n9 2.4(b) and (c) Exceeding weight capacity of a recycling waste receptacle 10\n10 2.5(3) Failing to comply with a direction concerning placement or\nremoval of a receptacle\n10\n11 2.6(a) Failing to keep a receptacle in the required location 10\n12 2.6(b) Failing to place a receptacle for collection in a lawful position 10\n13 2.6(c) Failing to provide an adequate number of receptacles 15\n14 2.6(d) Failing to notify of a lost, stolen, damaged or defective\nreceptacle\n10\n15 2.8(a) Damaging, destroying or interfering with a receptacle 15\n16 2.8(b) Removing a receptacle from premises without permission or\nauthorisation.\n10\n17 2.9(1) Failing to comply with a term or condition of verge waste\ncollection\n10\n18 2.9(2) Removing waste for commercial purposes from a verge waste\ncollection.\n15\n19 2.9(3) Disassembling or tampering with waste deposited for\ncollection\n15\n20 3.1(a) Failing to provide an adequate number of receptacles 10\n21 3.1(b) Failing to keep a receptacle in a good condition and repair 10\n22 3.1(c)(i) Failing to prevent fly breeding and vectors of disease in a\nreceptacle\n15\n\n31 March 2017 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, WA 1961\nItem\nNo. Clause No. Description Penalty\nUnit\n23 3.1(c)(ii) Failing to prevent the emission of offensive or noxious odours\nfrom a receptacle\n15\n24 3.1(c)(iii) Allowing a receptacle to cause a nuisance 15\n25 3.1(d) Failing to comply with a direction to clean, disinfect or\ndeodorise receptacle\n15\n26 3.2(1) Unauthorised removal of waste from premises 10\n27 3.2(2) Removing waste from a receptacle without approval 10\n28 3.4(2)(a) Failing to have a suitable receptacle for building work waste 25\n29 3.4(2)(b) Failing to keep building work waste in a receptacle 15\n————\nConsented to—\nJASON BANKS, Chief Executive Officer,\nDepartment of Environmental Regulation.\nDated: 24 February 2017.\n————\nThe Common Seal of the Town of East Fremantle was affixed by authority of a resolution of the\nCouncil in the presence of —\nJIM O’NEILL, Mayor.\nGARY TUFFIN, Chief Executive Officer.\nDated: 28 March 2017.\n———————————","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This legislation appears to be operating within its original intended scope. It is a standard local government waste management law that replaces two earlier bylaws (1958 and 1985) with updated provisions. The scope remains focused on municipal waste collection services, bin management, and local environmental health controls. There is no evidence of significant scope creep beyond traditional local government waste management functions."},"complexity_factors":["21 defined terms in the interpretation section (clause 1.5), including nested definitions (e.g., 'collectable waste' excludes 'non-collectable waste', which is defined separately in Schedule 1)","Multiple cross-references to external legislation (Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2007, Local Government Act 1995, Local Government (Functions and General) Regulations 1996, Building Act 2011, Environmental Protection (Controlled Waste) Regulations 2004)","Joint and several liability imposed on owners and occupiers (clause 1.5(2)), creating shared legal responsibility","Conditional requirements based on council determinations (e.g., clause 2.3(2) and (3) only apply 'where the local government supplies' specific bin types)","Annual notification requirements for council determinations (clause 1.6) requiring ongoing administrative compliance","Exemption process with conditions and revocation triggers (clause 2.7)","Specific technical requirements for bin placement (clause 2.6(b)) including distance from carriageway, orientation, and obstruction rules","Schedule 1 contains a 12-item list of non-collectable waste with overlapping categories (e.g., household hazardous waste, other hazardous material, controlled waste)"],"plain_english_summary":"This local law requires the Town of East Fremantle to provide household bins for general waste, recycling and organics and sets rules for their correct use, storage and kerbside/verge collections. It also requires builders to use on‑site skips and bans dangerous or banned items from council bins.\n\nIt applies to all property owners, occupiers and contractors in town, carries fines for breaches, and modernises old bylaws to protect public health, reduce illegal dumping and improve recycling."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"This instrument replaces earlier East Fremantle by-laws (cl.1.4) and consolidates modernised duties, segregation rules (recycling/organic), weight limits (cl.2.3–2.4), verge‑collection controls (cl.2.9), formal public‑notice requirements for determinations (cl.1.6) and a structured penalty schedule (Schedule 2), thereby broadening and updating operational and enforcement scope compared with the repealed by-laws."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive defined terms and cross-references to higher laws (WARR Act, LG Act) that affect interpretation and operation (cl.1.5; cl.1.7; cl.1.8)","Local determinations subject to annual public notice and a register requirement, adding procedural steps to changes (cl.1.6)","Wide enforcement and penalty regime including court penalties, daily continuation fines, modified penalties and penalty units (Part 4; Schedule 2)","Discretionary powers for authorised persons and the local government to give directions, grant or refuse exemptions, and determine waste categories (cl.2.5; cl.2.7; cl.1.6)","Joint and several liability for owners and occupiers for duties imposed (cl.1.5(2)), which spreads compliance obligations","Cost-recovery for remedial action and civil recoverability as a debt, creating financial exposure beyond fines (cl.4.2)","Operational requirements and compliance burdens on owners/occupiers (number, condition and placement of receptacles; odour and vector controls) (cl.2.6; cl.3.1)","Technical lists and thresholds (non-collectable items in Schedule 1; weight limits in cl.2.3–2.4) that require day-to-day judgment and enforcement","Specific rules for verge collections restricting timing, commercial removal and tampering, which create exceptions and enforcement hotspots (cl.2.9)","Form and procedure ties to LG Regulations for infringement notices and vehicle-related notices, requiring administrative alignment (cl.4.4)"],"plain_english_summary":"This local law prescribes how household and verge waste is supplied, sorted, placed and collected across the Town of East Fremantle, defines non-collectable items, sets receptacle weight limits and creates offences, modified penalties and cost-recovery powers.  It applies to owners, occupiers, waste contractors and the public. Owners/occupiers must use, pay for and lawfully position council receptacles and may seek exemptions (cl.2.1(2); cl.2.6–2.7). The local government or authorised persons make determinations and enforce compliance, including fines and recovery of remedial costs (cl.1.6; cl.4.1–4.3)."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/east-fremantle-town-of-waste-local-law-2017","history":"/api/acts/east-fremantle-town-of-waste-local-law-2017/history","analysis":"/api/acts/east-fremantle-town-of-waste-local-law-2017/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/east-fremantle-town-of-waste-local-law-2017/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/east-fremantle-town-of-waste-local-law-2017/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/east-fremantle-town-of-waste-local-law-2017/documents"}}