{"id":"F2008B00465","name":"Declaration under section 248 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - List of Marine Species","slug":"declaration-under-section-248-of-the-environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-l","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":71659,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2008B00465-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Declaration under section 248 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - List of Marine Species","content":"Commonwealth of Australia\n\nDeclaration under s248 of the\n\nEnvironment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999\n\nI, ROBERT MURRAY HILL, Minister for the Environment and Heritage, in pursuance of s248 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, hereby declare that a list of marine species to that Act shall be deemed to be established by inclusion of the following species:\n\nOrder Squamata\n\nFamily Hydrophiidae - Seasnakes\n\nAcalyptophis peronii  \nAipysurus apraefrontalis  \nAipysurus duboisii - Duboi's sea snake  \nAipysurus eydouxii - Spine-tailed sea snake  \nAipysurus foliosquama  \nAipysurus fuscus  \nAipysurus laevis - Olive sea snake  \nAipysurus tenuis  \nAstrotia stokesii  \nDisteira kingii  \nDisteira major  \nEmydocephalus schistosa  \nEphalophis greyi  \nHydrelaps darwiniensis  \nHydrophis atriceps  \nHydrophis belcheri  \nHydrophis caerulescens  \nHydrophis coggeri  \nHydrophis czeblukovi  \nHydrophis elegans  \nHydrophis gracilis  \nHydrophis inornatus  \nHydrophis mcdowelli  \nHydrophis melanosoma  \nHydrophis ornatus  \nHydrophis pacificus  \nHydrophis vorisi  \nLapemis hardwickii  \nParahydrophis mertoni  \nPelamis platurus\\- Yellow-bellied sea snake\n\nFamily Laticaudidae - Seasnakes\n\nLaticauda colubrina - Sea krait  \nLaticauda laticaudata - Sea krait\n\nOrder Pinnipedis\n\nFamily Otariidae – Eared Seals\n\nArctocephalus forsteri - New Zealand fur seal  \nArctocephalus gazella - Antarctic fur seal  \nArctocephalus pusillus doriferus - Australian fur seal  \nArctocephalus tropicalus - Subantarctic fur seal  \nPhocarctos hookeri - Hooker's sea lion  \nNeophoca cinerea - Australian sea lion\n\nFamily Phocidae - 'True' seals\n\nHydrurga leptonyx - Leopard seal  \nLobodon carcinophagus - Crab-eater seal  \nLeptonychotes weddellii - Weddell seal  \nMirounga leonina - Southern elephant seal  \nOmmatophoca rossii - Ross seal\n\nOrder Crocodilia\n\nFamily Crocodylidae - Crocodiles\n\nCrocodylus porosus - Estuarine or saltwater crocodile  \nCrocodylus johnstoni - Freshwater crocodile\n\nOrder Sireni\n\nFamily Dugongidae - Dugong\n\nDugong dugon - Dugong\n\nOrder Testudinata\n\nFamily Cheloniidae - Marine turtles\n\nCaretta caretta - Loggerhead turtle  \nChelonia mydas - Green turtle  \nEretmochelys imbricata - Hawksbill turtle  \nLepidochelys olivacea - Olive ridley turtle  \nNatator depressus - Flatback turtle\n\nFamily Dermochelyidae - Leatherback turtles\n\nDermochelys coriacea - Leatherback turtle\n\nOrder Syngnathiformes\n\nFamily Syngnathidae - Seahorses, sea-dragons and pipefish\n\nAcentronura breviperula - Short pouched pygmy-pipehorse  \nBulbonaricus brauni - Braun's pughead pipefish  \nCampichthys galei - Gale's pipefish  \nCampichthys tricarinatus - Three-keel pipefish  \nCampichthys tryoni - Tryon's pipefish  \nChoeroichthys brachysoma - Short-bodied pipefish  \nChoeroichthys cinctus - Girdled pipefish  \nChoeroichthys latispinosus - Murion Island pipefish  \nChoeroichthys sculptus - Sculptured pipefish  \nChoeroichthys suillus - Pig-snouted pipefish  \nCorythoichthys amplexus - Fijian pipefish  \nCorythoichthys conspicillatus - Reticulated pipefish  \nCorythoichthys flavofasciatus - Yellow-banded pipefish  \nCorythoichthys haematopterus - Reef-top pipefish  \nCorythoichthys intestinalis - Australian messmate pipefish  \nCorythoichthys ocellatus - Orange-spotted pipefish  \nCorythoichthys paxtoni - Paxton's pipefish  \nCorythoichthys schultzi - Schultz's pipefish  \nCorythoichthys sp 1 - Broken-bands pipefish  \nCorythoichthys sp 2 - Red-spot pipefish  \nCorythoichthys sp 3 - White-faced pipefish  \nCosmocampus howensis - Lord Howe pipefish  \nDoryrhamphus janssi - Cleaner pipefish  \nDoryrhamphus malus - Masthead Island pipefish  \nDoryrhamphus melanopleura - Pacific blue-stripe pipefish  \nDoryrhamphus paulus - Paul's pipefish  \nDoryrhamphus sp 1 - Barrier Reef Pipefish  \nDunckerocampus dactyliophorus - Banded pipefish  \nDunckerocampus pessuliferus - Yellow-banded pipefish  \nFestucalex cinctus - Girdled pipefish  \nFestucalex gibbsi - Gibbs' pipefish  \nFestucalex scalaris - Ladder pipefish  \nFilicampus tigris - Tiger pipefish  \nHalicampus boothae - Booth's pipefish  \nHalicampus brocki - Brock's pipefish  \nHalicampus cf dunckeri - Nose-ridge pipefish  \nHalicampus grayi - Mud pipefish  \nHalicampus macrorhynchus - Whiskered pipefish  \nHalicampus mataafae - Samoan pipefish  \nHalicampus nitidus - Glittering pipefish  \nHalicampus spinirostris - Spiny-snout pipefish  \nHaliichthys taeniophorus - Ribboned sea dragon  \nHeraldia nocturna - Eastern upside-down pipefish  \nHeraldia sp 1 - Western upside-down pipefish  \nHippichthys cyanospilos - Blue-speckled pipefish  \nHippichthys heptagonus - Madura pipefish  \nHippichthys spicifer - Belly-barred pipefish  \nHippichthys parvicarinatus - Short-keeled pipefish  \nHippichthys penicillus - Beady pipefish  \nHippocampus abdominalis - Big-belly seahorse  \nHippocampus angustus - Narrow-bellied seahorse  \nHippocampus bargibanti - Pygmy seahorse  \nHippocampus bleekeri - Australian pot-bellied seahorse  \nHippocampus breviceps - Short-headed or Short-snouted seahorse  \nHippocampus fisheri - Fisher's seahorse  \nHippocampus kelloggi - Kellogg's seahorse  \nHippocampus kuda - Yellow or Spotted seahorse  \nHippocampus minotaur - Bullneck seahorse  \nHippocampus spinosissimus - Hedgehog seahorse  \nHippocampus subelongatus - West Australian seahorse  \nHippocampus trimaculatus - Low-crowned or Flat-faced seahorse  \nHippocampus whitei - Sydney seahorse  \nHippocampus zebra - Zebra seahorse  \nHistiogamphelus briggsi - Brigg's crested pipefish  \nHistiogamphelus cristatus - Macleay's crested pipefish  \nHypselognathus horridus - Shaggy pipefish  \nHypselognathus rostratus - Knife-snouted pipefish  \nIdiotropiscis australe - Southern pygmy-pipehorse  \nIdiotropiscis larsonae - Helen's pygmy-pipehorse  \nIdiotropiscis n. sp - Sydney or Algal pygmy-pipehorse  \nKaupus costatus - Deep-body pipefish  \nKimblaeus bassensis - Kimbla pipefish  \nLeptoichthys fistularius - Brushtail pipefish  \nLissocampus caudalis - Australian smooth pipefish  \nLissocampus fatiloquus - Prophet's pipefish  \nLissocampus runa - Javelin pipefish  \nMaroubra perserrata - Sawtooth pipefish  \nMicrognathus andersonii - Anderson's pipefish  \nMicrognathus micronotopterus - Tidepool pipefish  \nMicrognathus natans - Offshore pipefish  \nMicrognathus pygmaeus - Pygmy pipefish  \nMicrophis brachyurus - Short-tail river-pipefish  \nMicrophis manadenis - Manado river-pipefish  \nMitotichthys meraculus - Western crested pipefish  \nMitotichthys mollisoni - Mollison's pipefish  \nMitotichthys semistriatus - Half-banded pipefish  \nMitotichthys tuckeri - Tucker's pipefish  \nNannocampus pictus - Painted pipefish  \nNannocampus subosseus - Bony-headed pipefish  \nNoticampus ruber - Red pipefish  \nPhoxocampus diacanthus - Pale-blotched pipefish  \nPhycocedrus eque s - Leafy sea dragon  \nPhyllopteryx taeniolatus - Weedy or Common sea dragon  \nPugnaso curtirostris - Pug-nose pipefish  \nSiokunichthys cf breviceps - Soft-coral pipefish  \nSolegnathus dunckeri - Duncker's pipehorse  \nSolegnathus guentheri - Gunther's pipehorse  \nSolegnathus robustus - Robust spiny pipehorse  \nSolegnathus spinossimus - Australian spiny pipehorse  \nSolegnathus sp 1 - Queensland's spiny pipehorse  \nSolegnathus sp 2 - Western pipehorse  \nStigmatopora argus - Spotted pipefish  \nStigmatopora nigra - Wide-body pipefish  \nStigmatopora olivacea - Gulfs pipefish  \nStipecampus cristatus - Ring-back pipefish  \nSyngnathoides biaculeatus - Double-ended pipehorse  \nTrachyrhamphus bicoarcticus - Bend stick-pipefish  \nTrachyrhamphus longirostris - Straight stick-pipefish  \nUrocampus carinirostris - Hairy pipefish  \nVanacampus margaritifer - Mother-of-pearl pipefish  \nVanacampus phillipi - Port Phillip pipefish  \nVanacampus poecilolaemus - Long-snout pipefish  \nVanacampus vercoi - Verco's pipefish\n\nFamily Solenostomidae - Ghost pipefish\n\nSolenostomus armatus - Long-tail ghost pipefish  \nSolenostomus cyanopterus - Robust ghost pipefish  \nSolenostomus leptosomus - Delicate ghost pipefish  \nSolenostomus paegnius - Rough-snout ghost pipefish  \nSolenostomus paradoxus - Ornate ghost pipefish  \nSolenostomus sp 1 - Coralline ghost pipefish\n\nClass Aves\n\nOrder Galliformes\n\nFamily Phasianidae\n\nCoturnix pectoralis - Stubble quail\n\nOrder Anseriformes\n\nFamily Anseranatidae\n\nAnseranas semipalmata - Magpie goose\n\nFamily Anatidae\n\nAnas acuta - Northern pintail  \nAnas clypeata - Northern shoveler  \nAnas querquedula - Garganey  \nBiziura lobata - Musk duck  \nCereopsis novaehollandiae - Cape Barren goose  \nDendrocygna arcuata - Wandering whistling-duck  \nNettapus pulchellus - Green pygmy-goose  \nTadorna radjah - Radjah shelduck\n\nOrder Sphenisciformes\n\nFamily Spheniscidae\n\nAptenodytes patagonicus - King penguin  \nEudyptes chrysocome - Rockhopper penguin  \nEudyptes chrysolophus - Macaroni penguin  \nEudyptes pachyrhynchus - Fiordland penguin  \nEudyptes robustus - Snares penguin  \nEudyptes sclateri - Erect-crested penguin  \nEudyptula minor - Little penguin  \nPygoscelis adeliae - Adelie penguin  \nPygoscelis antarctica - Chinstrap penguin  \nPygoscelis papua - Gentoo penguin  \nSpheniscus magellanicus - Magellanic penguin\n\nOrder Procellariiformes\n\nFamily Procellariidae\n\nBulweria bulwerii - Bulwer's petrel  \nCalonectris leucomelas - Streaked shearwater  \nDaption capense - Cape petrel  \nFulmarus glacialoides - Southern fulmar  \nHalobaena caerulea - Blue petrel  \nLugensa brevirostris - Kerguelen petrel  \nMacronectes giganteus - Southern giant-petrel  \nMacronectes halli - Northern giant-petrel  \nPachyptila belcheri - Slender-billed prion  \nPachyptila crassirostris - Fulmar prion  \nPachyptila desolata - Antarctic prion  \nPachyptila salvini - Salvin's prion  \nPachyptila turtur - Fairy prion  \nPachyptila vittata - Broad-billed prion  \nPagodroma nivea - Snow petrel  \nPelecanoides georgicus - South Georgian diving-petrel  \nPelecanoides urinatrix - Common diving-petrel  \nProcellaria aequinoctialis - White-chinned petrel  \nProcellaria cinerea - Grey petrel  \nProcellaria parkinsoni - Black petrel  \nProcellaria westlandica - Westland petrel  \nPseudobulweria rostrata - Tahiti petrel  \nPterodroma arminjoniana - Herald petrel  \nPterodroma baraui - Barau's petrel  \nPterodroma cervicalis - White-necked petrel  \nPterodroma cookii - Cook's petrel  \nPterodroma externa - Juan Fernandez petrel  \nPterodroma incerta - Atlantic petrel  \nPterodroma inexpectata - Mottled petrel  \nPterodroma lessonii - White-headed petrel  \nPterodroma leucoptera - Gould's petrel  \nPterodroma macroptera - Great-winged petrel  \nPterodroma mollis - Soft-plumaged petrel  \nPterodroma neglecta - Kermadec petrel  \nPterodroma nigripennis - Black-winged petrel  \nPterodroma solandri - Providence petrel  \nPuffinus assimilis - Little shearwater  \nPuffinus bulleri - Buller's shearwater  \nPuffinus carneipes - Flesh-footed shearwater, Fleshy-footed shearwater  \nPuffinus creatopus - Pink-footed shearwater  \nPuffinus gavia - Fluttering shearwater  \nPuffinus gravis - Great shearwater  \nPuffinus griseus - Sooty shearwater  \nPuffinus huttoni - Hutton's shearwater  \nPuffinus lherminieri - Audubon's shearwater  \nPuffinus pacificus - Wedge-tailed shearwater  \nPuffinus puffinus - Manx shearwater  \nPuffinus tenuirostris - Short-tailed shearwater  \nThalassoica antarctica - Antarctic petrel\n\nFamily Diomedeidae\n\nDiomedea amsterdamensis - Amsterdam albatross  \nDiomedea antipodensis - Antipodean albatross  \nDiomedea dabbenena - Tristan albatross  \nDiomedea epomophora - Southern royal albatross  \nDiomedea exulans - Wandering albatross  \nDiomedea gibsoni - Gibson's albatross  \nDiomedea sanfordi - Northern royal albatross  \nPhoebastria immutabilis - Laysan albatross  \nPhoebetria fusca - Sooty albatross  \nPhoebetria palpebrata - Light-mantled sooty albatross  \nThalassarche bulleri - Buller's albatross  \nThalassarche carteri - Indian yellow-nosed albatross  \nThalassarche cauta - Shy albatross  \nThalassarche chlororhynchos - Yellow-nosed albatross, Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross  \nThalassarche chrysostoma - Grey-headed albatross  \nThalassarche eremita - Chatham albatross  \nThalassarche impavida - Campbell albatross  \nThalassarche melanophris - Black-browed albatross  \nThalassarche nov. sp. - Pacific albatross  \nThalassarche salvini - Salvin's albatross  \nThalassarche steadi - White-capped albatross\n\nFamily Hydrobatidae\n\nFregetta grallaria - White-bellied storm-petrel  \nFregetta tropica - Black-bellied storm-petrel  \nGarrodia nereis - Grey-backed storm-petrel  \nOceanites oceanicus - Wilson's storm-petrel  \nOceanodroma leucorhoa - Leach's storm-petrel  \nOceanodroma matsudairae - Matsudaira's storm-petrel  \nPelagodroma marina - White-faced storm-petrel\n\nOrder Pelecaniformes\n\nFamily Phaethontidae\n\nPhaethon lepturus - White-tailed tropicbird  \nPhaethon rubricauda - Red-tailed tropicbird\n\nFamily Sulidae\n\nMorus capensis - Cape gannet  \nMorus serrator - Australasian gannet  \nPapasula abbotti - Abbott's booby  \nSula dactylatra - Masked booby  \nSula leucogaster - Brown booby  \nSula sula - Red-footed booby\n\nFamily Phalacrocoracidae\n\nPhalacrocorax fuscescens - Black-faced cormorant  \nPhalacrocorax nivalis - Heard shag  \nPhalacrocorax purpurascens - Macquarie shag\n\nFamily Pelecanidae\n\nPelecanus conspicillatus - Australian pelican\n\nFamily Fregatidae\n\nFregata andrewsi - Christmas frigatebird, Andrew's frigatebird  \nFregata ariel - Lesser frigatebird, Least frigatebird  \nFregata minor - Great frigatebird, Greater frigatebird\n\nOrder Ciconiiformes\n\nFamily Ardeidae\n\nArdea alba - Great egret, White egret  \nArdea ibis - Cattle egret  \nArdea intermedia - Intermediate egret  \nEgretta garzetta - Little egret  \nEgretta sacra - Eastern reef egret  \nGorsachius melanolophus - Malayan night heron  \nIxobrychus sinensis - Yellow bittern  \nNycticorax caledonicus - Nankeen night heron  \nNycticorax nycticorax - Black-crowned night heron\n\nFamily Threskiornithidae\n\nPlegadis falcinellus - Glossy ibis  \nThreskiornis molucca - Australian white ibis  \nThreskiornis spinicollis - Straw-necked ibis  \nThreskiornis aethiopica - Sacred ibis\n\nOrder Phoenicopteriformes\n\nFamily Phoenicopteridae\n\nPhoenicopterus ruber - Greater flamingo\n\nOrder Falconiformes\n\nFamily Accipitridae\n\nAccipiter fasciatus - Brown goshawk  \nCircus approximans - Swamp harrier  \nHaliaeetus leucogaster - White-bellied sea-eagle  \nHaliastur indus - Brahminy kite  \nHaliastur sphenurus - Whistling kite  \nPandion haliaetus- Osprey\n\nFamily Falconidae\n\nFalco cenchroides - Nankeen kestrel\n\nOrder Gruiformes\n\nFamily Rallidae\n\nAmaurornis olivaceus - Bush-hen  \nCrex crex - Corncrake  \nPorzana pusilla - Baillon's crake  \nPorzana tabuensis - Spotless crake  \nPorphyrio porphyrio - Eastern swamp hen  \nRallina fasciata - Red-legged crake  \nRaillus philippensis - Buff banded rail\n\nOrder Charadriiformes\n\nFamily Scolopacidae\n\nActitis hypoleucos - Common sandpiper  \nArenaria interpres - Ruddy turnstone  \nCalidris acuminata - Sharp-tailed sandpiper  \nCalidris alba - Sanderling  \nCalidris alpina - Dunlin  \nCalidris bairdii - Baird's sandpiper  \nCalidris canutus - Red knot, Knot  \nCalidris ferruginea - Curlew sandpiper  \nCalidris mauri - Western sandpiper  \nCalidris minuta - Little stint  \nCalidris melanotos - Pectoral sandpiper  \nCalidris ruficollis - Red-necked stint  \nCalidris subminuta - Long-toed stint  \nCalidris tenuirostris - Great knot  \nGallinago hardwickii - Latham's snipe, Japanese snipe  \nGallinago megala - Swinhoe's snipe  \nGallinago stenura - Pin-tailed snipe  \nHeteroscelus brevipes - Grey-tailed tattler  \nHeteroscelus incanus - Wandering tattler  \nLimicola falcinellus - Broad-billed sandpiper  \nLimnodromus semipalmatus - Asian dowitcher  \nLimosa lapponica - Bar-tailed godwit  \nLimosa limosa - Black-tailed godwit  \nNumenius arquata - Eurasian curlew  \nNumenius madagascariensis - Eastern curlew  \nNumenius minutus - Little curlew, Little whimbrel  \nNumenius phaeopus - Whimbrel  \nPhalaropus fulicaria - Grey phalarope  \nPhalaropus lobatus - Red-necked phalarope  \nPhilomachus pugnax - Ruff (Reeve)  \nSteganopus tricolor - Wilson's phalarope  \nTringa glareola - Wood sandpiper  \nTringa nebularia - Common greenshank, Greenshank  \nTringa stagnatilis - Marsh sandpiper, Little greenshank  \nTringa totanus - Common redshank, Redshank  \nTryngites subruficollis - Buff-breasted sandpiper  \nXenus cinereus - Terek sandpiper\n\nFamily Rostratulidae\n\nRostratula benghalensis - Painted snipe\n\nFamily Jacanidae\n\nHydrophasianus chirurgus - Pheasant-tailed jacana\n\nFamily Burhinidae\n\nEsacus neglectus - Beach stone-curlew\n\nFamily Recurvirostridae\n\nHimantopus himantopus - Black-winged stilt  \nRecurvirostra novaehollandiae - Red-necked avocet\n\nFamily Charadriidae\n\nCharadrius asiaticus - Caspian plover  \nCharadrius bicinctus - Double-banded plover  \nCharadrius dubius - Little ringed plover  \nCharadrius hiaticula - Ringed plover  \nCharadrius leschenaultii - Greater sand plover, Large sand plover  \nCharadrius mongolus - Lesser sand plover, Mongolian plover  \nCharadrius ruficapillus - Red-capped plover  \nCharadrius veredus - Oriental plover, Oriental dotterel  \nPluvialis dominica - American golden plover  \nPluvialis fulva - Pacific golden plover  \nPluvialis squatarola - Grey plover  \nThinornis rubricollis - Hooded plover\n\nFamily Glareolidae\n\nGlareola maldivarum - Oriental pratincole  \nStiltia isabella - Australian pratincole\n\nFamily Laridae\n\nAnous minutus - Black noddy  \nAnous stolidus - Common noddy  \nAnous tenuirostris - Lesser noddy  \nCatharacta maccormicki - South polar skua  \nCatharacta skua - Great skua  \nChlidonias hybridus - Whiskered tern  \nChlidonias leucopterus - White-winged black tern, White-winged tern  \nChlidonias niger - Black tern  \nGygis alba - White tern  \nLarus atricilla - Laughing gull  \nLarus crassirostris - Black-tailed gull  \nLarus dominicanus - Kelp gull  \nLarus novaehollandiae - Silver gull  \nLarus pacificus - Pacific gull  \nLarus pipixcan - Franklin's gull  \nLarus ridibundus - Black-headed gull  \nLarus sabini - Sabine's gull  \nProcelsterna cerulea - Grey ternlet  \nStercorarius longicaudus - Long-tailed jaeger, Long-tailed skua  \nStercorarius parasiticus - Arctic jaeger, Arctic skua  \nStercorarius pomarinus - Pomarine jaeger, Pomarine skua  \nSterna albifrons - Little tern  \nSterna anaethetus - Bridled tern  \nSterna bengalensis - Lesser crested tern  \nSterna bergii - Crested tern  \nSterna caspia - Caspian tern  \nSterna dougallii - Roseate tern  \nSterna fuscata - Sooty tern  \nSterna hirundo - Common tern  \nSterna nereis - Fairy tern  \nSterna nilotica - Gull-billed tern  \nSterna paradisaea - Arctic tern  \nSterna striata - White-fronted tern  \nSterna sumatrana - Black-naped tern  \nSterna vittata - Antarctic tern  \n\n  \nOrder Columbiformes\n\nFamily Columbidae\n\nDucula bicolor - Pied Imperial-pigeon  \nDucula concinna - Elegant Imperial-pigeon  \nPtilinopus superbus - Superb fruit-dove\n\nOrder Psittaciformes\n\nFamily Psittacidae\n\nLathamus discolor - Swift parrot  \nNeophema chrysogaster - Orange-bellied parrot  \nNeophema chrysostoma - Blue-winged parrot  \nNeophema petrophila - Rock parrot\n\nOrder Cuculiformes\n\nFamily Cuculidae\n\nCacomantis flabelliformis - Fan-tailed cuckoo  \nChrysococcyx basalis - - Horsfield's bronze-cuckoo  \nChrysococcyx lucidus - Shining bronze-cuckoo  \nChrysococcyx minutillus - Little bronze-cuckoo  \nChrysococcyx osculans - Black-eared cuckoo  \nChrysococcyx russatus - Gould's bronze-cuckoo  \nCuculus pallidus - Pallid cuckoo  \nCuculus saturatus - Oriental cuckoo  \nEudynamys scolopacea - Common koel  \nEudynamys taitensis - Long-tailed cuckoo  \nScythrops novaehollandiae - Channel-billed cuckoo\n\nOrder Strigiformes\n\nFamily Strigidae\n\nNinox novaeseelandiae - Southern boobook\n\nOrder Caprimulgiformes\n\nFamily Podargidae\n\nPodargus papuensis - Papuan frogmouth\n\nFamily Caprimulgidae\n\nEurostopodus argus - Spotted nightjar  \nEurostopodus mystacalis - White-throated nightjar\n\nOrder Apodiformes\n\nFamily Apodidae\n\nApus affinis - House swift  \nApus pacificus - Fork-tailed swift  \nHirundapus caudacutus - White-throated needletail\n\nOrder Coraciiformes\n\nFamily Halcyonidae\n\nTanysiptera sylvia - Buff-breasted paradise-kingfisher  \nTodiramphus macleayii - Forest kingfisher  \nTodiramphus sanctus - Sacred kingfisher\n\nFamily Meropidae\n\nMerops ornatus - Rainbow bee-eater\n\nFamily Coraciidae\n\nEurystomus orientalis - Dollarbird\n\nOrder Passeriformes\n\nFamily Pittidae\n\nPitta erythrogaster - Red-bellied pitta  \nPitta versicolor - Noisy pitta\n\n  \n\nFamily Petroicidae\n\nPetroica phoenicea - Flame robin  \nPetroica rodinogaster - Pink robin\n\nFamily Dicruridae\n\nDicrurus bracteatus - Spangled drongo  \nMonarcha frater - Black-winged monarch  \nGrallina cyanoleuca - Australian magpie lark  \nMonarcha melanopsis - Black-faced monarch  \nMonarcha trivirgatus - Spectacled monarch  \nMyiagra cyanoleuca - Satin flycatcher  \nRhipidura rufifrons - Rufous fantail\n\nFamily Campephagidae\n\nCoracina novaehollandiae - Black-faced cuckoo-shrike  \nCoracina papuensis - White-bellied cuckoo-shrike  \nCoracina tenuirostris - Cicadabird\n\nFamily Paradisaeidae\n\nManucodia keraudrenii - Trumpet manucode\n\nFamily Corvidae\n\nCorvus mellori - Little raven  \nCorvus tasmanicus - Forest raven\n\nFamily Motacillidae\n\nAnthus cervinus - Red-throated pipit  \nAnthus novaeseelandiae - Richard's pipit  \nMotacilla alba - White wagtail  \nMotacilla cinerea - Grey wagtail  \nMotacilla citreola - Citrine wagtail  \nMotacilla flava - Yellow wagtail\n\nFamily Hirundinidae\n\nHirundo daurica - Red-rumped swallow  \nHirundo nigricans - Tree martin  \nHirundo rustica - Barn swallow  \nHirundo neoxena - Welcome swallow\n\nFamily Sylviidae\n\nAcrocephalus orientalis - Oriental reed-warbler  \nAcrocephalus stentoreus - Clamorous reed-warbler  \nPhylloscopus borealis - Arctic warbler\n\nFamily Zosteropidae\n\nZosterops lateralis - Silvereye\n\nFamily Sturnidae\n\nAplonis metallica - Metallic starling\n\nDated this 4th day of August 2000\n\nROBERT HILL\n\nMinister for the Environment and Heritage","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The instrument performs exactly the function intended by s248 of the EPBC Act: establishing a list of marine species. The scope has not expanded beyond this statutory purpose; it is a straightforward taxonomic enumeration without additional regulatory baggage."},"complexity_factors":["Single operative provision: one declaration under one section (s248) of the parent Act","No defined terms within the instrument itself — relies entirely on external scientific nomenclature","No conditional logic, exceptions, or cross-references to other legislative provisions","Structure is purely a taxonomic list (Order → Family → Species) with no operational rules","Length is substantial due to enumeration of species (~400+ entries), but this is data volume not legal complexity","No amendments, schedules with interlocking provisions, or sunset clauses"],"plain_english_summary":"This ministerial declaration under the EPBC Act establishes an official \"List of Marine Species\" — hundreds of ocean-dwelling animals (sea snakes; seals and sea lions; crocodiles; dugong; marine turtles; seahorses, sea dragons, pipefish and ghost pipefish; and many seabirds and migratory shorebirds). Being listed formally recognises these species under federal law and can trigger legal protections and federal approvals for activities (e.g. ports, dredging, fishing) that might significantly impact them."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"By declaring that the following named taxa 'shall be deemed to be established' as the Act's list of marine species (per s248), the instrument sets the set of species treated as that statutory list as of 4 August 2000. The Minister's declaration therefore defines which species fall within the Act's marine-species framework and so changes the operative scope of the list under s248."},"complexity_factors":["Legal mechanism: a single ministerial declaration made 'in pursuance of s248' of the EPBC Act (text shows the Minister declares the list under s248).","Breadth and granularity: the instrument names an extensive set of taxa across multiple Orders, Families and Classes, increasing the administrative scope for identification and compliance.","Taxonomic ambiguity: use of scientific names, common names, provisional entries and shorthand (e.g. 'sp 1', 'nov. sp.') complicates precise species identification for regulators and regulated parties.","Decision concentration: the declaration is signed by the Minister (Robert Hill) and thus concentrates scope-setting authority in a single executive instrument.","Static capture of dynamic data: a fixed, text-based list requires administrative processes for updates when taxonomy or species status changes, creating potential maintenance and enforcement burdens."],"plain_english_summary":"This Declaration, made under s248 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, establishes a statutory list of marine species by naming specific taxa. The named species are thereby treated as the \"list of marine species\" for the purposes of that Act.\n\nIt affects any person or business whose activities interact with these species because the Act's marine-species regulatory framework will apply to those named. The Minister (Robert Hill) makes the decision and signs the instrument (dated 4 August 2000)."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/declaration-under-section-248-of-the-environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-l","history":"/api/acts/declaration-under-section-248-of-the-environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-l/history","analysis":"/api/acts/declaration-under-section-248-of-the-environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-l/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/declaration-under-section-248-of-the-environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-l/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/declaration-under-section-248-of-the-environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-l/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/declaration-under-section-248-of-the-environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999-l/documents"}}