{"id":"F2005B01603","name":"DASR 4/1994 - Instructions","slug":"dasr-4-1994-instructions","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":112056,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2005B01603-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"DASR 4/1994 - Instructions","content":"INSTRUMENT NUMBER DASR 4/1994\n\nCivil Aviation Act 1988\n\nCivil Aviation Regulations\n\nI, COLIN TORKINGTON, Acting Director, Directorate of Aviation Safety Regulation, a delegate of the Civil Aviation Authority, under regulation 177 of the Civil Aviation Regulations, issue the instructions set out in the Schedule.\n\nSCHEDULE\n\nPart 1—Radio communication equipment\n\n1.1 (1) An aircraft operating under the I.F.R. and engaged in an operation specified in column 2 of an item in the Table must, subject to this clause, be equipped with the radio communication equipment set out in column 3 of the item.\n\nTable\n\n| Column 1Item No. | Column 2Operation                                                                          | Column 3Equipment required                    |\n| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------- |\n| 1.               | Regular public transport operations                                                        | (a) 1 VHF and 1 HF system;OR(b) 2 VHF systems |\n| 2.               | Charter operations other than operations referred to in item 3                             | 1 VHF system                                  |\n| 3                | Charter operations outside VHF range of an air traffic control unit or flight service unit | 1 VHF system and1 HF system                   |\n| 4                | Operations in remote areas other than operations referred to in items 1, 2 and 3           | 1 HF system                                   |\n| 5                | Operations other than operations referred to in items 1, 2, 3 and 4                        | 1 VHF and 1 HF system                         |\n\n(2) A HF system must be fitted to an aircraft referred to in item 1 of the Table if the aircraft will be operating in an area where the pilot in command cannot maintain continuous radio contact with Air Traffic Control or Flight Service on VHF frequencies.\n\n(3) Subclause (2) does not apply to an aircraft engaged in regular public transport operations if the aircraft carries equipment that enables continuous radio communication with an appropriately-trained representative of the aircraft’s operator.\n\n(4) An aircraft referred to in item 3 does not have to be fitted with a HF system if the aircraft carries equipment that enables continuous radio communication with an appropriately-trained representative of the aircraft’s operator.\n\n(5) A HF system must be fitted with frequencies:\n\n(a) appropriate to the area of operation; and\n\n(b) sufficient to enable continuous communication with Air Traffic Control or Flight Service during the flight including ground operations.\n\nPart 2—Radio navigation systems\n\nAircraft operating under I.F.R.\n\n2.1 (1) An aircraft:\n\n(a) engaged in regular public transport operations: and\n\n(b) that is operating under I.F.R.; and\n\n(c) that is operating on a route served by VHF omni-directional radio range;\n\nmust be equipped with:\n\n(d) either:\n\n(i) 2 VHF omni-directional radio range systems; or\n\n(ii) a VHF omni-directional radio range system and an automatic direction finding system; and\n\n(e) distance measuring equipment.\n\n(2) An aircraft:\n\n(a) engaged in regular public transport operations: and\n\n(b) that is operating under I.F.R.; and\n\n(c) that is operating on a route which is not served by VHF omni\\-directional radio range;\n\nmust be equipped with:\n\n(d) either:\n\n(i) 2 automatic direction finding systems; or\n\n(ii) a VHF omni-directional radio range system and an automatic direction finding system; and\n\n(e) distance measuring equipment.\n\n(3) An aircraft:\n\n(a) engaged in charter operations or aerial work operations; and\n\n(b) having a maximum take-off weight of more than 5700 kilograms; and\n\n(c) that is operating under I.F.R.; and\n\n(d) that is operating on a route served by VHF omni-directional radio range;\n\nmust be equipped with:\n\n(e) either:\n\n(i) 2 VHF omni-directional radio range systems; or\n\n(ii) a VHF omni-directional radio range system and an automatic direction finding system; and\n\n(f) distance measuring equipment.\n\n(4) An aircraft:\n\n(a) engaged in charter operations or aerial work operations; and\n\n(b) having a maximum take-off weight of more than 5700 kilograms; and\n\n(c) that is operating under I.F.R.; and\n\n(d) that is operating on a route which is not served by VHF omni\\-directional radio range;\n\nmust be equipped with:\n\n(e) either:\n\n(i) 2 automatic direction finding systems; or\n\n(ii) a VHF omni-directional radio range system and an automatic direction finding system; and\n\n(f) distance measuring equipment.\n\n(5) An aircraft:\n\n(a) operating outside uncontrolled airspace; and\n\n(b) engaged in charter operations, or aerial work operations, or private operations; and\n\n(c) having a maximum take-off weight of 5700 kilograms or less; and\n\n(d) that is operating under I.F.R.;\n\nmust be equipped with either:\n\n(e) an automatic direction finding system; or\n\n(f) a VHF omni-directional radio range system.\n\n(6) An aircraft:\n\n(a) operating in controlled airspace; and\n\n(b) engaged in charter operations, or aerial work operations, or private operations; and\n\n(c) having a maximum take-off weight of 5700 kilograms or less; and\n\n(d) that is operating under I.F.R.;\n\nmust be equipped with:\n\n(e) 2 automatic direction finding systems; or\n\n(f) an automatic direction finding system and a VHF omni-directional radio range system; or\n\n(g) an automatic direction finding system and distance measuring equipment; or\n\n(h) 2 VHF omni-directional radio range systems; or\n\n(i) a VHF omni-directional radio range system and distance measuring equipment.\n\n(7) An aircraft that:\n\n(a) is operating under the I.F.R.; and\n\n(b) is carrying out an approach at an aerodrome that has an instrument landing system;\n\nmust be equipped with a 75 MHZ marker beacon.\n\n(8) Subclause (7) does not apply if the aircraft:\n\n(a) is engaged in CAT 1 operations; and\n\n(b) is fitted with distance measuring equipment that enables the glideslope accuracy to be checked.\n\nPart 3—Other equipment\n\nAircraft or pilot must carry a timepiece\n\n3.1 (1) An aircraft operating under the I.F.R. must be equipped with a timepiece that is accurate to within 30 seconds.\n\n(2) Subclause (1) does not apply if the pilot in command of the aircraft is carrying a time piece that is accurate to within 30 seconds.\n\nAirborne weather radar\n\n3.2 (1) An aircraft that:\n\n(a) is operating under the I.F.R.; and\n\n(b) requires a crew of 2 or more members; and\n\n(c) is engaged in regular public transport operations or charter operations;\n\nmust be fitted with an airborne weather radar system.\n\n(2) Subclause (1) does not apply to the following aircraft:\n\n(a) an unpressurised turbine engine aircraft that has a maximum take-off weight of 5,700 kilograms or less;\n\n(b) an unpressurised piston engine aircraft.\n\nSecondary surveillance radar transponders\n\n3.3 (1) An aircraft operating under the I.F.R. must not start operations:\n\n(a) in controlled airspace; and\n\n(b) within radar coverage of Air Traffic Control;\n\nunless the aircraft is fitted with a serviceable secondary surveillance transponder capable of Mode A and Mode C operation.\n\n(2) Subclause (1) does not apply if the aircraft is operating in general aviation aerodrome procedures control zones and associated lanes of entry.\n\n\\[Signed Colin Torkington\\]\n\nCOLIN TORKINGTON\n\nActing Director\n\nDirectorate of Aviation Safety Regulation\n\n6 January 1994","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This instrument appears to maintain its original scope as a technical equipment specification for IFR operations. It does not show evidence of significant scope creep beyond the original purpose of mandating radio, navigation, and ancillary equipment for instrument flight."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple nested conditional clauses throughout (e.g., subclause (2) exceptions in subclause (3))","Cross-referencing between table items and subsequent subclauses (items 1-5 in Part 1 referenced in clauses 1.1(2)-(5))","Technical aviation acronyms requiring domain knowledge (I.F.R., VHF, HF, VOR, ADF, Mode A/C transponders)","Weight-based thresholds creating distinct regulatory categories (5700kg cutoff appears 4 times)","Dual structure requirements (equipment must be fitted OR carried, aircraft OR pilot responsibility for timepieces)","Geographic and operational distinctions (controlled vs uncontrolled airspace, VHF coverage areas, remote areas)"],"plain_english_summary":"This 1994 aviation safety instrument mandates the radio, navigation, and safety equipment aircraft must carry when flying under Instrument Flight Rules. It applies to commercial operators, private pilots, and aircraft owners, scaling requirements by operation type and aircraft size. The rules ensure communication, accurate navigation, and radar tracking when pilots can’t rely on visual cues, improving safety in poor weather and controlled airspace."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The instrument prescribes equipment requirements for IFR operations and sets out conditional exceptions; the text itself does not indicate an expansion or narrowing of legislative scope beyond issuing these technical instructions. Applicability turns on operation type, route, weight and airspace (see Part 1 Table; Part 2; Part 3)."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple conditional branches by operation type (regular public transport, charter, aerial work, private) and route/airspace (Part 1 Table; Part 2 clauses 2.1(1)–(6)).","Weight and crew-size thresholds create different obligations (5700 kg MTOW threshold in 2.1(3)–(6); crew-of-2+ for weather radar in 3.2(1)(b)).","Several alternative equipment combinations are permitted (e.g. 2 VORs OR VOR+ADF; ADF OR VOR; DME options) increasing compliance-choice complexity (Part 2).","Exceptions and substitutions allow operator-carried communications or operator representatives to replace HF fitment in some cases (1.1(3)–(4)), introducing operational discretion.","Technical specificity: mandated items include VHF/HF radio systems, VOR, ADF, DME, 75 MHz marker beacon, Mode A/C transponders, airborne weather radar and a timepiece accurate to 30 seconds (1.1, 2.1, 3.1–3.3).","Serviceability and operational-start conditions: serviceable secondary surveillance transponder required before starting operations in controlled airspace within radar coverage (3.3(1)).","Undefined or externally-referenced terms (I.F.R., 'VHF range', 'remote areas', 'controlled/uncontrolled airspace') mean implementers must consult other instruments or guidance to determine applicability.","Compliance burden concentrated on aircraft operators who must pay for installation, maintenance and proving serviceability (implied across Part 1–3 requirements).","Trade-offs between capital cost and operational flexibility: allowed alternatives create planning choices but also compliance-recording and inspection complexity."],"plain_english_summary":"This instrument requires specific radio‑communication, radio‑navigation and other equipment for aircraft operating under the I.F.R., with requirements varying by operation type, route, aircraft weight and airspace.  \n\nIt affects aircraft operators and pilots, who must install and maintain systems (VHF/HF, VOR/ADF, DME, marker beacon, transponder, airborne weather radar, accurate timepiece) or rely on narrow exceptions; operators bear equipment and compliance costs and may change operational choices to meet the mandates."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/dasr-4-1994-instructions","history":"/api/acts/dasr-4-1994-instructions/history","analysis":"/api/acts/dasr-4-1994-instructions/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/dasr-4-1994-instructions/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/dasr-4-1994-instructions/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/dasr-4-1994-instructions/documents"}}