{"id":"F2016L00733","name":"Currency (Royal Australian Mint) Determination 2016 (No. 1)","slug":"currency-royal-australian-mint-determination-2016-no-1","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":129296,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2016L00733-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name","content":"#### 1 Name\n\n This is the Currency (Royal Australian Mint) Determination 2016 (No. 1).","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authority","content":"#### 3 Authority\n\n This instrument is made under paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965.","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 4 Definitions\n\n In this instrument:\n\n> Act means the Currency Act 1965.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Specification of denominations and standard compositions","content":"#### 5 Specification of denominations and standard compositions\n\n (1) This section is made for paragraph 13(2)(b) of the Act.\n (2) The Act has effect, on and after the day on which this instrument commences, as if:\n (a) there were included in the Schedule to the Act the references to denominations of money specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument; and\n (b) there were specified in the Schedule to the Act opposite to each such denomination, as the standard composition of coins of that denomination, the standard composition specified for the denomination in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument.\n (3) This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for paragraph 13(2)(b) of the Act.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Standard weight, design and dimensions of coins","content":"#### 6 Standard weight, design and dimensions of coins\n\n (1) This section is made for subsection 13A(1) of the Act.\n (2) On and after the day on which this instrument commences, each item of the table in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument specifies the standard weight, the allowable variation from that standard weight, the design and the dimensions of the coin whose denomination and standard composition is specified in that item.\n (3) Each item of the table in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to this instrument explains a symbol used to describe the design of coins specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1.\n (4) This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for subsection 13A(1) of the Act.\n (5) A reference in Schedule 1 to the maximum diameter or other dimension of a coin is, for a coin that is tetradecagonal, circular concave or icositetragonal, a reference to the shortest diameter of a coin.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Specifications of coins","content":"## Part 1—Specifications of coins","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Explanation of symbols","content":"## Part 2—Explanation of symbols","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Symbols used in Part 1","content":"#### 2 Symbols used in Part 1\n\n Each item of the following table contains an explanation of a symbol used in Part 1 of this Schedule to describe the shape, edge design, obverse design and reverse design of a coin.\n\n```html\n

Explanation of symbols used in Part 1

Item

Design Feature

Symbol

Explanation

1

Shape

S1

Dodecagonal

2

Shape

S2

Circular

3

Shape

S3

Tetradecagonal

4

Shape

S4

Circular concave

5

Shape

S5

Icositetragonal

6

Edge

E1

Plain

7

Edge

E2

Continuously milled

8

Edge

E3

Interrupted milling

9

Obverse

O1

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) the inscription, in numerals, of a year;

(d) “IRB”

10

Obverse

O2

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) the inscription, in numerals, of a year;

(d) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS” or “DOLLAR” as the case requires;

(e) “IRB”;

(f) 2 dots

11

Obverse

O3

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “2017”;

(d) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars or cents, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS”, “DOLLAR”, “CENTS” or “CENT” as the case requires;

(e) “IRB”;

(f) 2 dots

12

Obverse

O4

A stainless steel annulus bearing the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “2017”;

(d) “5 DOLLARS”;

(e) 2 dots

that in turn surrounds an aluminium bronze centrepiece bearing an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and “IRB”

13

Reverse

R1

A design consisting of:

  1. a representation of 3 soldiers positioned in a trench wherein a soldier, positioned behind sandbags, is operating a machine gun; and
  2. a representation of a battlefield including damaged tree trunks, a building and smoke; and
  3. the following:
  1. “50”;
  2. “1916”;
  3. “POZIÈRES”;
  4. a stylised representation of the designer’s initials “EJL.”

14

Reverse

R2

A design consisting of:

  1. an outline drawing of 5 soldiers and a representation of 3 soldiers positioned in a trench with shovels, pieces of timber and mesh; and
  2. the following:
  1. “50”;
  2. “1916”;
  3. “FROMELLES”;
  4. a stylised representation of the designer’s initials “EJL.”

15

Reverse

R3

A design consisting of:

  1. 7 intersecting semicircular bands surrounding a gold plated representation of the Australian Olympic team logo, which is made up of the following:
  1. a stylised representation of a kangaroo facing right;
  2. the Star of Federation;
  3. a stylised representation of an emu facing left;
  4. the Olympic rings; and
  1. in the foreground and partially obscuring those semicircular bands, a gold plated representation of a wreath including representations of the following flowers:
  1. golden wattle, royal bluebell, New South Wales waratah, Sturt’s desert rose, Cooktown orchid, Sturt’s desert pea, Tasmanian blue gum, common heath and kangaroo paw; and
  1. the following:
  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. “FIVE DOLLARS”

16

Reverse

R4

A design consisting of:

  1. in the upper left side of the coin and superimposed on a semicircular green coloured shape, a coloured stylised representation of the following:
  1. a kangaroo in yellow colour, wearing a white singlet featuring the Australian Olympic team logo and red boxing gloves, kicking a soccer ball;
  2. 2 boxing kangaroos in yellow colour, each wearing a white singlet featuring the Australian Olympic team logo and red boxing gloves;
  3. a kangaroo in yellow colour, wearing a white singlet featuring the Australian Olympic team logo, a black head band and red boxing gloves, holding a hockey stick; and
  1. a representation of a kangaroo wearing a singlet featuring the Australian Olympic team logo, boxing gloves and a head band, running with a rugby ball; and
  2. “1 DOLLAR”

17

Reverse

R5

A design consisting of:

  1. in the upper left side and superimposed on a semicircular green coloured shape, a coloured stylised representation of the following:
  1. a kangaroo in yellow colour, wearing a white singlet featuring the Australian Olympic team logo and red boxing gloves, kicking a soccer ball;
  2. 2 boxing kangaroos in yellow colour, each wearing a white singlet featuring the Australian Olympic team logo and red boxing gloves;
  3. a kangaroo in yellow colour, wearing a white singlet featuring the Australian Olympic team logo, a black head band and red boxing gloves, holding a hockey stick; and
  1. a representation of a kangaroo wearing a singlet featuring the Australian Olympic team logo, boxing gloves and a head band, running with a rugby ball; and
  2. the following:
  1. “1 DOLLAR”;
  2. in the foreground and partially obscuring that semicircular green coloured shape, the letter “S” enclosed by a circle

18

Reverse

R6

As for item 17, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(ii) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “M” enclosed by a circle

19

Reverse

R7

As for item 17, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(ii) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “B” enclosed by a circle

20

Reverse

R8

As for item 17, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(ii) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “C” enclosed by a circle

21

Reverse

R9

As for item 17, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(ii) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “A” enclosed by a circle

22

Reverse

R10

As for item 17, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(ii) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “P” enclosed by a circle

23

Reverse

R11

A design consisting of:

(a) a central circle containing a coloured representation of a star chart including the following:

  1. a stylised representation of a field of stars;
  2. 3 right ascension lines and 2 declination lines; and

(b) superimposed on the star chart, a stylised representation of the constellation Ursa Major; and

(c) a stylised representation of a mountain range superimposed on a line drawing of a mountain range; and

(d) surrounding the central circle, an ornamental border; and

(e) the following:

  1. “+60°”;
  2. “13h”;
  3. “11h”;
  4. “9h”;
  5. “+40°”;
  6. “NORTHERN SKY – URSA MAJOR”;
  7. “FIVE DOLLARS”

24

Reverse

R12

A design consisting of:

  1. a representation of a rooster, soil and bamboo; and
  2. superimposed on that bamboo, a representation of the Chinese character pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster; and
  3. “50”

25

Reverse

R13

A design consisting of:

  1. in the background, a representation of the sun, the horizon and a body of water; and
  2. in the foreground, a representation of a rooster perched on a flowering branch; and
  3. a representation of the Chinese character pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster; and
  4. 4 lunes containing identical design elements incorporating a representation of a flame; and
  5. the following:
  1. “2017”;
  2. “YEAR OF THE ROOSTER”

26

Reverse

R14

A design consisting of:

  1. in the background, a representation of the sun, the horizon and a body of water; and
  2. in the foreground, a representation of a rooster perched on a flowering branch; and
  3. a representation of the Chinese character pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster; and
  4. 4 lunes containing identical design elements incorporating a representation of a flame; and
  5. the following:
  1. “2017”;
  2. “YEAR OF THE ROOSTER”;
  3. “5oz .999 Ag”

27

Reverse

R15

As for item 26, replacing the reference in subparagraph (e)(iii) to “5oz .999 Ag” with “1oz .999 Ag”

28

Reverse

R16

As for item 26, replacing the reference in subparagraph (e)(iii) to “5oz .999 Ag” with “1kg .999 Ag”

29

Reverse

R17

A design, consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a coloured image of the Sun; and
  2. surrounding that coloured image, a border containing the following:
  1. the astronomical symbol for the Sun and irregular shapes;
  2. “SUN”

30

Reverse

R18

A design, consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a coloured image of Mercury; and
  2. surrounding that coloured image, a border containing the following:
  1. the astronomical symbol for Mercury and stylised representations of craters;
  2. “MERCURY”

31

Reverse

R19

A design, consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a coloured image of Venus; and
  2. surrounding that coloured image, a border containing the following:
  1. the astronomical symbol for Venus and stylised representations of volcanoes;
  2. “VENUS”

32

Reverse

R20

A design, consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a coloured image of Earth; and
  2. surrounding that coloured image, a border containing the following:
  1. a stylised representation of mountains, clouds, water, a dolphin, palm trees, a giraffe, an elephant, a whale spouting water, a bird, pine trees and kangaroos;
  2. the astronomical symbol for Earth;
  3. “EARTH”

33

Reverse

R21

A design, consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a coloured image of Mars; and
  2. surrounding that coloured image, a border containing the following:
  1. a stylised representation of stars, hilly terrain, rocks and 2 representations of the Curiosity rover and its tracks;
  2. the astronomical symbol for Mars;
  3. “MARS”

34

Reverse

R22

A design, consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a coloured image of Jupiter; and
  2. surrounding that coloured image, a border containing the following:
  1. a stylised representation of the Juno space probe, irregular shapes and dots;
  2. the astronomical symbol for Jupiter;
  3. “JUPITER”

35

Reverse

R23

A design, consisting of a stainless steel annulus containing the following:

  1. stylised representations of the rings of Saturn, rocks and ice; and
  2. the astronomical symbol for Saturn; and
  3. “SATURN”;

that surrounds an aluminium bronze centrepiece, consisting of a stylised representation of a ring of Saturn with rocks that, in turn, surrounds a coloured image of Saturn.

36

Reverse

R24

A design, consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a coloured image of Uranus; and
  2. surrounding that coloured image, a border containing the following:
  1. 2 rings;
  2. a heptagonal polygon, quadrilateral polygons and 4 clusters of pentagonal prisms;
  3. the astronomical symbol for Uranus;
  4. “URANUS”

37

Reverse

R25

A design, consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a coloured image of Neptune; and
  2. surrounding that coloured image, a border containing the following:
  1. stylised representations of stars, wavy lines and spiral lines;
  2. the astronomical symbol for Neptune;
  3. “NEPTUNE”

38

Reverse

R26

A design, consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a coloured image of Pluto; and
  2. surrounding that coloured image, a border containing the following:
  1. stylised representations of ice and snowflakes;
  2. the astronomical symbol for Pluto;
  3. “PLUTO”

39

Reverse

R27

A design, consisting of:

  1. a representation of a feather-tail glider; and
  2. the following:
  1. “1”;
  2. the designer’s initials “SD”

40

Reverse

R28

A design, consisting of:

  1. a representation of a frilled lizard; and
  2. the following:
  1. “2”;
  2. the designer’s initials “SD”

41

Reverse

R29

A design, consisting of:

  1. a representation of the arms of the Commonwealth; and
  2. the following:
  1. “50”;
  2. the designer’s initials “SD”

42

Reverse

R30

A design, consisting of a stylised representation of the Long Tan cross memorial as displayed at the Australian War Memorial in August 2012, rain drops and 3 bare trees and the following:

  1. “BATTLE OF LONG TAN 1966”;
  2. “5 DOLLARS”;
  3. the designer’s initials “TD”

43

Reverse

R31

A design consisting of:

  1. 7 pairs if intersecting semicircular bands; and
  2. positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
  1. a person playing basketball; or
  2. a person riding a horse; or
  3. a person playing rugby; or
  4. a gymnast in action; or
  5. a person canoeing; or
  6. a person playing golf; or
  7. a fencing competitor thrusting a sword; and
    1. in the centre, the following:
  1. the letter “S” enclosed by a circle;
  2. 6 concentric circles and a series of red coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern; and
    1. immediately inside the rim, the following:
  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

44

Reverse

R32

As for item 43, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “M” enclosed by a circle

45

Reverse

R33

As for item 43, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “B” enclosed by a circle

46

Reverse

R34

As for item 43, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “C” enclosed by a circle

47

Reverse

R35

As for item 43, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “A” enclosed by a circle

48

Reverse

R36

As for item 43, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “P” enclosed by a circle

49

Reverse

R37

A design consisting of:

  1. 7 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands; and
  2. position between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
    1. a weightlifter in action; or
    2. 2 swimmers engaged in synchronised swimming; or
    3. a person playing tennis; or
    4. 2 wrestlers in action; or
    5. a sailing competitor on a sailing boat; or
    6. a person playing football; or
    7. a person shooting a gun; and
  3. in the centre, the following:
  1. the letter “S” enclosed by a circle;
  2. 6 concentric circles and a series of blue coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern; and
  1. immediately inside the rim, the following:
  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

50

Reverse

R38

As for item 49, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “M” enclosed by a circle

51

Reverse

R39

As for item 49, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “B” enclosed by a circle

52

Reverse

R40

As for item 49, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “C” enclosed by a circle

53

Reverse

R41

As for item 49, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “A” enclosed by a circle

54

Reverse

R42

As for item 49, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “P” enclosed by a circle

55

Reverse

R43

A design consisting of:

  1. 6 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands; and
  2. positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
  1. a person competing in a triathlon; or
  2. an athlete running; or
  3. a cyclist riding a bicycle; or
  4. a person swimming; or
  5. a person aiming a bow and arrow; or
  6. 2 judo competitors in action; and
    1. in the centre, the following:
  1. the letter “S” enclosed by a circle;
  2. 6 concentric circles and a series of black coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern; and
    1. immediately inside the rim, the following:
  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

56

Reverse

R44

As for item 55, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “M” enclosed by a circle

57

Reverse

R45

As for item 55, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “B” enclosed by a circle

58

Reverse

R46

As for item 55, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “C” enclosed by a circle

59

Reverse

R47

As for item 55, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “A” enclosed by a circle

60

Reverse

R48

As for item 55, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “P” enclosed by a circle

61

Reverse

R49

A design consisting of:

  1. 6 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands; and
  2. positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
  1. a person playing water polo; or
  2. a person playing table tennis; or
  3. a person playing badminton; or
  4. a person canoeing; or
  5. a person playing volleyball; or
  6. a person playing hockey; and
    1. in the centre, the following:
  1. the letter “S” enclosed by a circle;
  2. 6 concentric circles and a series of yellow coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern; and
    1. immediately inside the rim, the following:
  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

62

Reverse

R50

As for item 61, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “M” enclosed by a circle

63

Reverse

R51

As for item 61, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “B” enclosed by a circle

64

Reverse

R52

As for item 61, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “C” enclosed by a circle

65

Reverse

R53

As for item 61, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “A” enclosed by a circle

66

Reverse

R54

As for item 61, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “P” enclosed by a circle

67

Reverse

R55

A design consisting of:

  1. 6 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands; and
  2. positioned between each of the pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
  1. a person playing handball; or
  2. 2 taekwondo players in action; or
  3. a person rowing; or
  4. 2 boxers in action; or
  5. a person on a horse and a person running and a person holding a rifle and a person holding a foil and a person swimming; or
  6. a person diving; and
    1. in the centre, the following:
  1. the letter “S” enclosed by a circle;
  2. 6 concentric circles and a series of green coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern; and
    1. immediately inside the rim, the following:
  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

68

Reverse

R56

As for item 67, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “M” enclosed by a circle

69

Reverse

R57

As for item 67, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “B” enclosed by a circle

70

Reverse

R58

As for item 67, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “C” enclosed by a circle

71

Reverse

R59

As for item 67, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “A” enclosed by a circle

72

Reverse

R60

As for item 67, replacing the reference in subparagraph (c)(i) to the letter “S” enclosed by a circle with the letter “P” enclosed by a circle

73

Reverse

R61

A design consisting of:

  1. a representation of a person wearing a helmet and racing in a wheel chair; and
  2. in the centre, and obscuring that representation of a wheel chair, the following:
  1. the Australian Paralympic Committee logo;
  2. 6 concentric circles;
  3. a series of red, blue, green and yellow coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern; and
    1. 6 horizontal lines; and
    2. the following:
  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN PARALYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. “TWO DOLLARS”

74

Reverse

R62

A design consisting of:

  1. 7 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands; and
  2. positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
    1. a person playing basketball; or
    2. a person riding a horse; or
    3. a person playing rugby; or
    4. a gymnast in action; or
    5. a person canoeing; or
    6. a person playing golf; or
    7. a fencing competitor thrusting a sword; and
  3. in the centre, 6 concentric circles and a series of red coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern and enclosing the following:
  1. a stylised representation of a kangaroo facing right;
  2. a representation of the Star of Federation;
  3. a stylised representation of an emu facing left;
  4. a representation of the Olympic rings; and
  1. immediately inside the rim, the following:
  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

75

Reverse

R63

A design consisting of:

(a) 7 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands; and

(b) positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:

  1. a weightlifter in action; or
  2. 2 swimmers engaged in synchronised swimming; or
  3. a person playing tennis; or
  4. 2 wrestlers in action; or
  5. a sailing competitor on a sailing boat; or
  6. a person playing football; or
  7. a person shooting a gun; and

(c) in the centre, 6 concentric circles and a series of blue coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern and enclosing the following:

  1. a stylised representation of a kangaroo facing right;
  2. a representation of the Star of Federation;
  3. a stylised representation of an emu facing left;
  4. a representation of the Olympic rings; and

(d) immediately inside the rim, the following:

  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

76

Reverse

R64

A design consisting of:

  1. 6 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands; and
  2. positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
    1. a person competing in a triathlon; or
    2. an athlete running; or
    3. a cyclist riding a bicycle; or
    4. a person swimming; or
    5. a person aiming a bow and arrow; or
    6. 2 judo competitors in action; and

(c) in the centre, 6 concentric circles and a series of black coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern and enclosing the following:

  1. a stylised representation of a kangaroo facing right;
  2. a representation of the Star of Federation;
  3. a stylised representation of an emu facing left;
  4. a representation of the Olympic rings; and

(d) immediately inside the rim, the following:

  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

77

Reverse

R65

A design consisting of:

  1. 6 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands; and
  2. positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
    1. a person playing water polo; or
    2. a person playing table tennis; or
    3. a person playing badminton; or
    4. a person canoeing; or
    5. a person playing volleyball; or
    6. a person playing hockey; and

(c) in the centre, 6 concentric circles and a series of yellow coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern and enclosing the following:

  1. a stylised representation of a kangaroo facing right;
  2. a representation of the Star of Federation;
  3. a stylised representation of an emu facing left;
  4. a representation of the Olympic rings; and

(d) immediately inside the rim, the following:

  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

78

Reverse

R66

A design consisting of:

  1. 6 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands; and
  2. positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
    1. a person playing handball; or
    2. 2 taekwondo players in action; or
    3. a person rowing; or
    4. 2 boxers in action; or
    5. a person on a horse and a person running and a person holding a rifle and a person holding a foil and a person swimming; or
    6. a person diving; and

(c) in the centre, 6 concentric circles and a series of green coloured stripes arranged in a repetitive circular pattern and enclosing the following:

  1. a stylised representation of a kangaroo facing right;
  2. a representation of the Star of Federation;
  3. a stylised representation of an emu facing left;
  4. a representation of the Olympic rings; and

(d) immediately inside the rim, the following:

  1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”;
  2. 2 dots;
  3. “TWO DOLLARS”

79

Reverse

R67

A design consisting of:

  1. in the centre, a circle containing a representation of the Australian Olympic team logo, which is made up of the following:
    1. a stylised representation of a kangaroo facing right;
    2. the Star of Federation;
    3. a stylised representation of an emu facing left;
    4. the Olympic rings; and
  2. surrounding the central circle, 7 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands and positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
    1. a person playing basketball and a person shooting a gun; or
    2. a person playing badminton and a sailing competitor on a sailing boat; or
    3. a weightlifter in action and a person playing handball; or
    4. a person playing tennis and a gymnast in action; or
    5. a person playing volleyball and a person aiming a bow and arrow; or
    6. a person playing football and 2 wrestlers in action; or
    7. a person diving and a person playing golf; and
  3. 2 concentric circles; and
  4. positioned between the concentric circles, the following:
    1. “2016 AUSTRALIAN OLYMPIC TEAM”; and
  5. immediately inside the rim, 18 pairs of intersecting semicircular bands and positioned between each pair of bands, a stylised representation of one of the following:
    1. a person swimming; or
    2. a person playing table tennis; or
    3. a person canoeing; or
    4. a person riding a horse; or
    5. 2 taekwondo players in action; or
    6. a cyclist riding a bicycle; or
    7. 2 swimmers engaged in synchronised swimming; or
    8. a person playing rugby; or
    9. a person competing in a triathlon; or
    10. an athlete running; or
    11. a person rowing; or
    12. 2 boxers in action; or
    13. a person on a horse and a person running and a person holding a rifle and a person holding a foil and a person swimming; or
    14. a person playing hockey; or
    15. a person playing water polo; or
    16. a fencing competitor thrusting a sword; and
    17. a person canoeing; or
    18. 2 judo competitors in action
\n```","sortOrder":8}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":636},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This determination appears to be within its original scope. It authorises specific coin issues for 2016 under the Currency Act 1965, covering commemorative themes (Olympics, military anniversaries, zodiac year) and standard circulation coins. The breadth of 73 coin types reflects the Mint's annual commemorative program rather than scope creep."},"complexity_factors":["73 distinct coin specifications with unique technical parameters","Extensive cross-referencing between Part 1 (specifications) and Part 2 (symbol definitions)","67 different reverse designs with highly detailed artistic descriptions","Multiple nested lists and sub-lists in design descriptions (up to 5 levels deep)","Precise metallurgical specifications with tolerances (e.g., '15.55 ± 0.96' grams)","Specialised geometric terminology (dodecagonal, tetradecagonal, icositetragonal, circular concave)","Conditional design elements (e.g., 'As for item 17, replacing...' requiring back-referencing)","Dual-commencement structure — provisions take effect on instrument commencement date"],"plain_english_summary":"This instrument authorises the Royal Australian Mint to produce 73 specific Australian coins in 2016 and prescribes their exact specifications (composition, weight, dimensions, shape and designs). \n\nIt affects the Mint, buyers of commemorative and circulation coins, and businesses that accept legal tender — ensuring the coins can be legally produced, recognised as genuine currency, and meet precise standards from everyday change to high‑value collectibles."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This Determination operates squarely within the statutory powers granted by the Currency Act 1965: it (a) names denominations and standard compositions (s5) and (b) specifies standard weight, allowable weight variation, designs and dimensions (s6). It does not broaden the legal power to make coin specifications; rather it populates the existing statutory framework with a large set of specific coin entries (including commemorative and bullion/collector items). In short, the instrument expands the catalogue of authorised coins but does not change the underlying statutory scope or create new categories of regulatory power beyond those in the Currency Act."},"complexity_factors":["Large, detailed Schedule 1 Part 1 with 73 item rows specifying individual coins (many circulating, commemorative and bullion types)","Schedule 1 Part 2 contains around 79 symbol entries (shapes S1–S5, edges E1–E3, obverses O1–O4, and many reverse design codes R1–R67 and variants)","Numeric technical specifications for each coin (weights with ± tolerances, diameters, thicknesses) — many different numeric tolerances across items","Multiple cross‑references to the Currency Act (paragraph 13(2)(b), subsection 13A(1)) and internal saving clauses (s5(3), s6(4))","Nested, conditional design descriptions: obverse/reverse designs described by multi‑part lists (subparagraphs and nested bullets) increasing reading and implementation complexity","Variety of materials and purity levels (multiple metal compositions and precious‑metal descriptions) requiring subject‑matter expertise (metallurgy/coin production)","Repeated near‑duplicates with minor variations (multiple items with same denomination but different designs, shapes or edge inscriptions) increasing chance of mis‑matching an item to its specification","High machine‑readability requirement for implementers (vending/coin machinery calibration, bank sorters) needing exact numeric/shape data"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (mechanically)**\n\n- It uses powers in the Currency Act 1965 to add and describe coins that the Commonwealth recognises as denominations of Australian currency and to fix their physical standards. Concretely: paragraph 5 makes the Act operate “as if” the denominations and standard metal compositions listed in Schedule 1, Part 1 were included in the Act’s Schedule (see s5(2)(a)–(b)). Section 6 does the same for the standard weights, allowable tolerances, designs and dimensions listed in Schedule 1, Part 1 (see s6(2)).\n- Schedule 1, Part 1 is a long table that lists individual coin items (many circulating, commemorative and bullion/collector coins) and gives for each: denomination, metal composition (including precious‑metal purity where applicable), standard weight and allowable variation, maximum diameter or other dimension, maximum thickness, shape, edge type, obverse (front) design code and reverse (back) design code.\n- Schedule 1, Part 2 explains the short symbol codes used in Part 1 (for example S1 = dodecagonal shape; E1 = plain edge; O1–O4 = specified effigies/obverse treatments; R1–R67 (and variants) = detailed reverse designs). The instrument therefore specifies both technical specs and the exact visual designs that will apply to those coins.\n- The instrument is made under paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965 (see s3). It also contains saving language that it does not alter other determinations made under the same Act (see s5(3) and s6(4)).\n\n**Who is affected**\n\n- Royal Australian Mint and its contractors: the instrument prescribes what coins the Mint may produce under the Act and the precise technical and design standards they must meet (see s5 and s6; Schedule 1).\n- Reserve Bank, Treasury and other agencies that manage currency policy and distribution: the list of denominations and specifications is the legal reference for what constitutes authorised coinage.\n- Banks, cash‑handling businesses, vending/parking/ticket machine manufacturers and coin‑sorting equipment suppliers: changes in size, weight, shape or edge (and the addition of new commemorative/bullion coins) mean physical equipment must accept or be calibrated for those coins (Schedule 1, Part 1 and Part 2).\n- Retailers, transport operators and other businesses that handle cash: they need to recognise legitimate coin types and may need updated procedures or machines.\n- Coin collectors, dealers and bullion market participants: the instrument declares certain precious‑metal items (gold/silver coins) as authorised denominations with stated fineness/weights, relevant to valuation, sale, export/import and legal tender status (see entries in Schedule 1 listing “at least 99.9% silver” or “at least 99.99% gold”).\n- The general public: the instrument defines which physical objects are official Commonwealth coinage and the technical criteria for those coins.\n\n**Why it matters — stated purpose and practical implications**\n\n- Stated purpose (in effect): to give legal force to a set of denominations and detailed physical specifications for coins produced by the Royal Australian Mint so that those coins operate as authorised Australian currency (see s5 and s6).\n\n- Costs and incentives, trade‑offs and implementation issues (tested against the instrument’s mechanics):\n - Production and material costs: Precious‑metal coins (gold/silver) are specified by purity and weight (e.g. “at least 99.9% silver”, “3.11 + 0.09 g” etc.). Where metal content approaches or exceeds intrinsic market value, there is an incentive for hoarding or melting for metal value; that is an economic risk that private actors and the Mint will face in practice (see relevant Schedule 1 items specifying metal and weight).\n - Calibration and compliance costs for industry: banks, retail cashiers and vending/coin‑handling equipment makers must ensure machines and counting procedures work with the listed diameters, thicknesses, shapes (dodecagonal, tetradecagonal, circular concave, icositetragonal), edge types (plain, milled, interrupted milling) and new visual designs (see Schedule 1, columns for diameter/shape/edge and Part 2 symbol explanations). Those are concrete, measurable adjustment costs.\n - Administrative clarity and enforcement: the instrument supplies technical tolerances (weights ± allowed variation) that create objective pass/fail tests for coin acceptance and inspection; that reduces legal uncertainty about whether a particular coin meets the Commonwealth’s specification (see s6(2) and Schedule 1 weight columns).\n - Design proliferation and recognition risk: adding many commemorative designs (each with its own R‑numbered reverse) increases the number of legitimate designs in circulation; this raises the likelihood of short‑term public or machine confusion and raises a compliance/education cost for frontline cash handlers (see Schedule 1 Part 1 entries cross‑referencing numerous R codes explained in Part 2).\n - Market effects on private pricing/choice: the instrument does not set retail prices or market rules, but by authorising collector/bullion coins it affects supply of legal‑tender precious‑metal items, which may have specialised secondary markets. The schedule’s technical entries (metal, weight, purity) materially determine those markets.\n - Implementation risk and discretion: the instrument prescribes ex ante technical parameters; practical implementation (Mint production, distribution, and machine updates) is operational rather than discretionary under this instrument. The instrument contains savings clauses that it does not disturb other determinations (s5(3), s6(4)).\n\n**Where to look in the instrument for the key mechanics**\n\n- Legal authority: s3 (power under Currency Act 1965).\n- Effect on the Act’s Schedule (what becomes a denomination and composition): s5 (and its link to Schedule 1, Part 1).\n- Physical standards (weight, tolerance, design and dimensions): s6 and Schedule 1, Part 1; symbol meanings in Schedule 1, Part 2.\n\n"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/currency-royal-australian-mint-determination-2016-no-1","history":"/api/acts/currency-royal-australian-mint-determination-2016-no-1/history","analysis":"/api/acts/currency-royal-australian-mint-determination-2016-no-1/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/currency-royal-australian-mint-determination-2016-no-1/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/currency-royal-australian-mint-determination-2016-no-1/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/currency-royal-australian-mint-determination-2016-no-1/documents"}}