{"id":"F2018L00788","name":"Currency (Perth Mint) Determination (No. 4) 2018","slug":"currency-perth-mint-determination-no-4-2018","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":97449,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2018L00788-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name","content":"#### 1 Name\n\n This is the Currency (Perth Mint) Determination (No. 4) 2018","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authority","content":"#### 3 Authority\n\n This instrument is made under paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965.","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 4 Definitions\n\n In this instrument:\n\n> Act means the Currency Act 1965.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Specification of denominations and standard compositions","content":"#### 5 Specification of denominations and standard compositions\n\n (1) This section is made for paragraph 13(2)(b) of the Act.\n (2) The Act has effect, on and after the day on which this instrument commences, as if:\n (a) there were included in the Schedule to the Act the references to denominations of money specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument; and\n (b) there were specified in the Schedule to the Act opposite to each such denomination, as the standard composition of coins of that denomination, the standard composition specified for the denomination in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument.\n (3) This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for paragraph 13(2)(b) of the Act.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Standard weight, design and dimensions of coins","content":"#### 6 Standard weight, design and dimensions of coins\n\n (1) This section is made for subsection 13A(1) of the Act.\n (2) On and after the day on which this instrument commences, each item of the table in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument specifies the standard weight, the allowable variation from that standard weight, the design and the dimensions of the coin whose denomination and standard composition is specified in that item.\n (3) Each item of the table in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to this instrument explains a symbol used to describe the design of coins specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1.\n (4) This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for subsection 13A(1) of the Act.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Specifications of coins","content":"## Part 1—Specifications of coins","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Explanation of symbols","content":"## Part 2—Explanation of symbols","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Symbols used in Part 1","content":"#### 2 Symbols used in Part 1\n\n Each item of the following table contains an explanation of a symbol used in Part 1 of this Schedule to describe the shape, edge design, obverse design and reverse design of a coin.\n\n```html\n

Explanation of symbols used in Part 1

Item

Design Feature

Symbol

Explanation

1

Shape

S1

Circular

2

Edge

E1

Continuously milled

3

Obverse

O1

A design consisting of a pattern of dots forming a circle immediately inside the rim that surrounds an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “3000 DOLLARS”; and

(d) “JC”.

4

Obverse

O2

A design consisting of a circle immediately inside the rim that surrounds an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS” or “DOLLAR” as the case requires; and

(d) “JC”.

5

Obverse

O3

A design consisting of a pattern of wavy lines immediately inside the rim that surrounds an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars or cents, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLAR” or “CENTS” as the case requires;

(d) “JC”.

6

Obverse

O4

A design consisting of a circle immediately inside the rim that surrounds an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA 2019”;

(c) “1 DOLLAR”; and

(d) “JC”.

7

Reverse

R1

A design consisting of a pattern of dots forming a border immediately inside the rim, enclosing a representation of a bounding kangaroo surrounded by stylised sunrays and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO 1 KILO 9999 GOLD”;

(b) “2019”;

(c) “RED KANGAROO”;

(d) “P”; and

(e) the micro letter “P”.

8

Reverse

R2

A design consisting of a circular border and in the foreground, partially obscuring the border is a representation of a kangaroo atop a grassy mound with stylised trees and sun in the background and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;

(b) “2019 1oz 9999 GOLD”;

(c) “AH”;

(d) “P”; and

(e) the micro letter “P”.

9

Reverse

R3

A design consisting of a circular border and in the foreground, partially obscuring the border is a representation of a kangaroo atop a grassy mound with stylised trees and sun in the background and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;

(b) “2019 Xoz 9999 GOLD” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces of the coin, expressed as a common fraction in Arabic numerals);

(c) “AH”; and

(d) “P”.

10

Reverse

R4

A design consisting of a pattern of wavy lines immediately inside the rim, enclosing a representation of a bounding kangaroo that is surrounded by stylised sunrays, radial lines and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;

(b) “2019 1oz 9999 SILVER”;

(c) “P”; and

(d) the micro letter “A”.

11

Reverse

R5

A design consisting of a pattern of wavy lines immediately inside the rim that surrounds a representation of a bounding kangaroo that is surrounded by stylised sunrays and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;

(b) “2019 1oz 9995 PLATINUM”;

(c) “P”; and

(d) the micro letter “P”.

12

Reverse

R6

A design consisting of a circular border and in the foreground, partially obscuring the border is a representation of a kookaburra perched on a branch partially submerged in a body of water and stylised sunset, grass and a tree in the background and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”;

(b) “2019 1KILO 9999 SILVER” or “2019 Xoz 9999 SILVER” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces of the coin, expressed as a whole number in Arabic numerals);

(c) “AH”;

(d) “P”; and

(e) the micro letter “P”.

13

Reverse

R7

A design consisting of a circular border surrounding a representation of a koala perched on a branch with leaves in the background and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOALA”;

(b) “2019 1KILO 9999 SILVER” or “2019 1oz 9999 SILVER”;

(c) “IJ”;

(d) “P”; and

(e) the micro letter “P”.

14

Reverse

R8

A design consisting of stylised streamers and musical notes superimposed over coloured representations of gifts with bows, an iced cupcake with a cherry on top, party hat and blowers and the following:

(a) “Happy Birthday”;

(b) “JM”; and

(c) “P”.

15

Reverse

R9

A design consisting of a pattern of shapes forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a representation of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN”;

(b) “CITIZENSHIP”; and

(c) “P”.

16

Reverse

R10

A design consisting of a circular border surrounding a representation of the golden wattle and the following:

(a) “CELEBRATING”;

(b) “70 YEARS OF AUSTRALIAN CITIZENSHIP”;

(c) “70”; and

(d) “P”.

\n```","sortOrder":8}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The instrument stays within the original statutory purpose under the Currency Act: to specify denominations, standard compositions and the physical/design specifications of coins produced by the Perth Mint. It does not broaden the Act’s remit or create new regulatory powers; it merely adds particular coin issues and their technical standards to the Schedule, which is the expected function of a determination of this type."},"complexity_factors":["Instrument is short and focused (mainly adds entries to the Schedule) — low legislative complexity overall","Lengthy technical table with 15 distinct coin items in Schedule Part 1 (many numeric tolerances and measurements)","Separate explanatory table in Schedule Part 2 decoding 10 obverse/reverse/shape/edge symbols (cross‑referenced by symbol codes in Part 1)","Multiple metals and purity levels (gold 99.99%, silver 99.99%, platinum 99.95%, non‑precious alloys) increase variety of technical specifications","Several numeric tolerances (weights with ± values, diameters, thicknesses) require precise measurement rules","Cross‑references to the Currency Act (paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1)) but no complex conditional logic or nested exceptions","No extensive defined‑term section (only 'Act' defined) — low interpretive complexity"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (mechanically)\n\n- Adds a set of Perth Mint coins to the Currency Act 1965 by specifying their denominations and the materials they must contain (Schedule additions under section 5 of this instrument).\n- Sets the technical specifications for those coins: standard weight, allowed weight variation, shape, diameter, thickness, edge type and the approved obverse (front) and reverse (back) designs (see section 6 and Schedule Part 1).\n- Explains the shorthand symbols used in the specifications (shape S1, edge E1, obverse O1–O4, reverse R1–R10) so the table of items is readable (Schedule Part 2).\n\nWho is affected\n\n- Perth Mint: the Mint is the issuer and manufacturer of the listed coins; the instrument authorises and defines what the Mint may issue as currency under the Currency Act (it is made under paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Act).\n- Buyers, holders and dealers in the listed coins (collectors, bullion investors, coin dealers): these people gain clarity that the listed pieces meet the government‑recognised legal specifications for those denominations and designs.\n- Government and regulators: the instrument places particular coin issues into the statutory schedule of authorised coins and fixes technical standards that can be enforced.\n\nWhy it matters (purpose claim and practical effect)\n\n- Purpose claim in the instrument: to give legal effect to a list of Perth Mint coin denominations, compositions and technical designs so those coins are recognised under the Currency Act.\n- Practical effect: once included in the Schedule as directed, the listed coins have the official technical status required by the Act. That enables the Perth Mint to market gold, silver and platinum bullion and commemorative coins with specific face values and designs that meet the statutory definition for currency issued by the Mint.\n\nConcrete mechanisms, incentives and trade‑offs\n\n- What the measure changes in behaviour: it permits and standardises a set of coin issues by fixing composition (for example, \"at least 99.99% gold\" for many gold pieces), exact nominal face values (for example $3,000, $100, $50, down to $1) and design details (Queen's effigy on the obverse, specific animal or theme on the reverse).\n- Who pays / who benefits: the immediate concentrated beneficiary is the Perth Mint (authorisation to issue particular official coin types); buyers/collectors who prefer statutory recognisability also benefit. There is no direct new taxpayer outlay created by the instrument itself — it is a technical standards instrument. Any seigniorage or commercial gain accrues to the Mint and to market participants who trade the coins.\n- Market and pricing effects: the instrument fixes legal characteristics and face value but does not determine secondary market price. Market value of the coins will continue to be set by metal content, collectibility and market demand. The legal face value established here is a statutory denomination; secondary prices will typically reflect metal and numismatic value.\n- Compliance and enforcement: the instrument creates clear, measurable tolerances (weight ± grams, diameters and thickness), which makes technical compliance testable. That reduces uncertainty for manufacturers and for regulators seeking to determine whether a coin conforms to the authorised specification.\n- Implementation risk and administrative discretion: low. This is a standards table; practical implementation is routine minting oversight and quality control by the Mint and relevant regulators.\n\nNotable features in the Schedule (illustrative)\n\n- Metals and purities: multiple gold coins at 99.99% purity, silver coins at 99.99% purity, one platinum issue at 99.95% and some non-precious metal $1 coins in aluminium/bronze or copper/zinc for circulation/commemorative use.\n- A range of denominations and product types: bullion weights (1 kilo, 1 ounce and fractional ounces), high‑face‑value bullion coins (e.g. $3,000 1 kilo gold), standard bullion/collector sizes ($100, $50, $25, $15) and commemorative designs (kangaroo, kookaburra, koala, citizenship, birthday themes).\n- Design detail: obverse designs specified to include an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and particular inscriptions; reverse designs are described precisely (e.g. \"AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO 1 KILO 9999 GOLD\", mint marks including a \"P\", microletters and year).\n\nBottom line\n\nThis is a technical instrument that tells the Perth Mint and the public which coin types, with exactly what metal content, weights and designs, are to be recognised under the Currency Act. It creates enforceable manufacturing tolerances and fixes the appearance and statutory denomination of a set of bullion and commemorative coins, without setting market prices.\n"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This determination operates exactly within its original intended scope under the Currency Act 1965. It is one in a numbered series of Perth Mint determinations (No. 4 of 2018) that periodically authorise new coin issues. The scope remains tightly confined to specifying technical parameters for legal tender coins — there is no expansion into regulatory matters, enforcement, or broader monetary policy."},"complexity_factors":["Single defined term ('Act') in interpretation section","Straightforward legislative mechanism — simply adds specifications to the Currency Act 1965 Schedule via deeming provisions","No conditional logic, exceptions, or nested provisions","Two simple non-interacting operative sections (sections 5 and 6)","Technical complexity resides entirely in the tabular schedules (15 coin specifications, 16 design symbol explanations), not in legal drafting complexity","No cross-references beyond the empowering provisions in the parent Act","Self-contained instrument with no external dependencies"],"plain_english_summary":"This instrument authorises the Perth Mint to strike 15 specified commemorative and investment coins as Australian legal tender and prescribes their precise technical specifications (metal, weight, dimensions, shape, and obverse/reverse designs). \n\nIt affects the Mint, collectors and investors in bullion/commemorative coins, and anyone accepting them; the determination provides the legal authority and quality standards that protect authenticity, deter counterfeiting, and sustain market confidence in these Australian coins."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-4-2018","history":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-4-2018/history","analysis":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-4-2018/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-4-2018/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-4-2018/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-4-2018/documents"}}