{"id":"F2016L01529","name":"Currency (Perth Mint) Determination (No. 2) 2016","slug":"currency-perth-mint-determination-no-2-2016","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":438970,"registerId":"F2016L01529-fast-fetch-1775955169439","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-12","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Currency (Perth Mint) Determination (No. 2) 2016","content":"---\nmeta-content-style-type: text/css\nmeta-content-type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8\n---\n\n?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n\n![](image.001.jpeg)\n\n \n\nCurrency (Perth Mint) Determination (No. 2) 2016\n\nI, Michael McCormack, Minister for Small Business, make the following determination.\n\nDated: 21 September 2016\n\nMichael McCormack\n\nMinister for Small Business\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nContents\n\n1 Name\n\n2 Commencement\n\n3 Authority\n\n4 Definitions\n\n5 Specification of denominations and standard compositions\n\n6 Standard weight, design and dimensions of coins\n\nSchedule 1—Standard composition, standard weight, design and dimensions of coins of specified denominations\n\nPart 1—Specifications of coins\n\n1 Specifications\n\nPart 2—Explanation of symbols 6\n\n2 Symbols used in Part 1....................................6\n\n \n\n1  Name\n\n  This is the Currency (Perth Mint) Determination (No. 2) 2016.\n\n2  Commencement\n\n (1) Each provision of this instrument specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.\n\n \n\n- Commencement information\n- Column 1 Column 2 Column 3\n- Provisions Commencement Date/Details\n- 1. The whole of this instrument The day after this instrument is registered.\n\n\nNote: This table relates only to the provisions of this instrument as originally made. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this instrument.\n\n (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this instrument. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this instrument.\n\n3  Authority\n\n  This instrument is made under paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965.\n\n4  Definitions\n\n  In this instrument:\n\nAct means the Currency Act 1965.\n\n5  Specification of denominations and standard compositions\n\n (1) This section is made for paragraph 13(2)(b) of the Act.\n\n (2) The Act has effect, on and after the day on which this instrument commences, as if:\n\n (a) there were included in the Schedule to the Act the references to denominations of money specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument; and\n\n (b) there were specified in the Schedule to the Act opposite to each such denomination, as the standard composition of coins of that denomination, the standard composition specified for the denomination in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument.\n\n (3) This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for paragraph 13(2)(b) of the Act.\n\n6  Standard weight, design and dimensions of coins\n\n (1) This section is made for subsection 13A(1) of the Act.\n\n (2) On and after the day on which this instrument commences, each item of the table in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument specifies the standard weight, the allowable variation from that standard weight, the design and the dimensions of the coin whose denomination and standard composition is specified in that item.\n\n (3) Each item of the table in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to this instrument explains a symbol used to describe the design of coins specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1.\n\n (4) This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for subsection 13A(1) of the Act.\n\nSchedule 1—Standard composition, standard weight, design and dimensions of coins of specified denominations\n\nNote: See sections 5 and 6.\n\nPart 1—Specifications of coins\n\n \n\n1  Specifications\n\n  Each item of the following table specifies the standard composition, the standard weight, the allowable variation from that standard weight, the design and the dimensions of a coin whose denomination and standard composition are specified in that item.\n\n \n\n- Specifications of coins\n- Item Denomination Standard composition Standard weight and allowable variation (g) Maximum diameter or other dimension (mm) Maximum thickness (mm) Shape Edge Obverse Reverse\n- 1 $30 At least 99.9% silver 1002.502 ± 1.500 100.60 14.60 S1 E1 O2 R1\n- 2 $30 At least 99.9% silver 1002.502 ± 1.500 100.60 14.60 S1 E1 O2 R2\n- 3 $500 At least 99.99% gold 155.563 ± 0.030 50.50 5.50 S1 E1 O1 R3\n- 4 $500 At least 99.99% gold 155.563 ± 0.030 40.50 9.00 S1 E1 O1 R4\n- 5 $200 At least 99.99% gold 62.265 ± 0.050 36.60 6.00 S1 E1 O1 R4\n- 6 $100 At least 99.99% gold 31.162 ± 0.055 27.30 5.00 S1 E1 O1 R4\n- 7 $1 At least 99.99% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O1 R5\n- 8 $8 At least 99.99% silver 156.533 ± 1.000 50.60 12.50 S1 E1 O1 R5\n- 9 $1 At least 99.99% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 32.60 6.00 S1 E1 O1 R5\n- 10 $100 At least 99.95% platinum 31.185 ± 0.065 32.60 2.70 S1 E1 O1 R6\n- 11 $100 At least 99.99% gold 31.165 ± 0.053 32.60 2.80 S1 E1 O1 R7\n- 12 $50 At least 99.99% gold 15.594± 0.040 25.60 2.40 S1 E1 O1 R7\n- 13 $25 At least 99.99% gold 7.807 ± 0.030 20.60 2.00 S1 E1 O1 R7\n- 14 $15 At least 99.99% gold 3.133 ± 0.022 16.60 1.50 S1 E1 O1 R7\n- 15 $5 At least 99.99% gold 1.571 ± 0.015 14.60 1.40 S1 E1 O1 R7\n- 16 $1 At least 99.9% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O1 R8\n- 17 $1 At least 99.99% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R9\n- 18 $15 At least 99.99% gold 3.133 ± 0.022 16.60 1.50 S1 E1 O1 R10\n- 19 $1 At least 99.99% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R5\n- 20 $1 At least 99.99% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O4 R11\n- 21 50c At least 99.99% silver 16.053 ± 0.500 32.60 3.10 S1 E1 O4 R12\n- 22 $100 At least 99.99% gold 31.165 ± 0.053 32.60 2.80 S1 E1 O3 R12\n- 23 $25 At least 99.99% gold 7.807 ± 0.030 20.60 2.00 S1 E1 O3 R12\n- 24 $15 At least 99.99% gold 3.133 ± 0.022 16.60 1.50 S1 E1 O3 R12\n- 25 25c At least 99.99% silver 8.077 ± 0.300 25.50 2.50 S1 E1 O4 R13\n- 26 $1 At least 99.9% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R14\n- 27 $1 At least 99.99% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R15\n- 28 $1 Aluminium and bronze 13.500 ± 1.000 30.60 3.10 S1 E1 O5 R16\n- 29 $1 Aluminium and bronze 13.500 ± 1.000 30.60 3.10 S1 E1 O5 R17\n- 30 $8 At least 99.99% silver 156.533 ± 1.000 60.60 7.90 S1 E1 O4 R18\n- 31 $1 Aluminium and bronze 13.500 ± 1.000 30.60 3.10 S1 E1 O5 R19\n- 32 $1 At least 99.9% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R20\n- 33 $1 At least 99.9% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R21\n- 34 $1 At least 99.9% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R22\n- 35 $1 At least 99.9% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R23\n- 36 $1 At least 99.9% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R24\n- 37 $1 At least 99.9% silver 31.607 ± 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O2 R25\n- 38 $1 Aluminium and bronze 13.500 ± 1.000 30.60 3.10 S1 E1 O5 R26\n- 39 $1 Aluminium and bronze 13.500 ± 1.000 30.60 3.10 S1 E1 O5 R27\n\nPart 2—Explanation of symbols\n\n \n\n2  Symbols used in Part 1\n\n  Each item of the following table contains an explanation of a symbol used in Part 1 of this Schedule to describe the shape, edge design, obverse design and reverse design of a coin.\n\n \n\n- Explanation of symbols used in Part 1\n- Item Design Feature Symbol Explanation\n- 1 Shape S1 Circular\n- 2 Edge E1 Continuously milled\n- 3 Edge E2 Plain\n- 4 Obverse O1 A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;(b) “AUSTRALIA ·”;(c) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS” or “DOLLAR” as the case requires;(d) “IRB”\n- 5 Obverse O2 A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II surrounded by a circle, which in turn is surrounded by the following:(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;(b) “AUSTRALIA ·”;(c) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS” or “DOLLAR” as the case requires;(d) “IRB”\n- 6 Obverse O3 A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:(a) “ELIZABETH II”;(b) “AUSTRALIA”;(c) “2017”;(d) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS”;(e) “Xoz 9999 GOLD” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces, of the coin, expressed as a common fraction or a whole number in Arabic numerals);(f) “IRB”\n- 7 Obverse O4 A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:(a) “ELIZABETH II”;(b) “AUSTRALIA”;(c) “2017”;(d) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS”, “DOLLAR” or “CENTS” as the case requires;(e) “Xoz 9999 Ag” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces, of the coin, expressed as a common fraction or in a whole number in Arabic numerals);(f) “IRB”\n- 8 Obverse O5 A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;(b) “· AUSTRALIA 2017 ·”;(c) “1 DOLLAR”;(d) “IRB”\n- 9 Reverse R1 A design consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of 2 kookaburras perched on a wooden fence with screws and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”;(b) “2017 1KILO 999 SILVER”;(c) “NM”;(d) “P”\n- 10 Reverse R2 A design consisting of a circle which encloses a representation of a koala sitting and a landscape featuring grass, rolling plains, trees, leaves and a hilly terrain in the background and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOALA”; (b) “2017 1KILO 999 SILVER”;(c) “TV”;(d) “P”\n- 11 Reverse R3 A design consisting of a representation of a horse grazing in a pasture of grasses and flowers with trees and a field in the background and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN STOCK HORSE”;(b) “2017 5oz 9999 GOLD”;(c) “NM”;(d) “P”\n- 12 Reverse R4 A design consisting of a circle that partly encloses a representation of an eagle perched on a tree branch and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN WEDGE-TAILED EAGLE”; (b) “2017 Xoz 9999 GOLD” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces of the coin expressed as a common fraction or a whole number in Arabic numerals);(c) “JM”;(d) “P”\n- 13 Reverse R5 A design consisting of a circle that partly encloses a representation of an eagle perched on a tree branch and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN WEDGE-TAILED EAGLE”; (b) “2017 Xoz 9999 SILVER” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces of the coin expressed as a common fraction or a whole number in Arabic numerals);(c) “JM”; (d) “P”\n- 14 Reverse R6 A design consisting of a circle that partly encloses a representation of an eagle perched on a tree branch and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN WEDGE-TAILED EAGLE”; (b) “2017 1oz 9995 PLATINUM”;(c) “JM”;(d) “P”\n- 15 Reverse R7 A design consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of a bounding kangaroo and a landscape featuring ground, rocks, grasses and leafy foliage and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;(b) “2017 Xoz 9999 GOLD” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces of the coin expressed as a common fraction or a whole number in Arabic numerals);(c) “JM”;(d) “P”\n- 16 Reverse R8 A design consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of 2 kookaburras perched on a wooden fence with screws and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”; (b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;(c) “NM”;(d) “P”\n- 17 Reverse R9 A design consisting of a rearing horse, a sheaf of wheat and a landscape featuring ground, rocks and grass and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN STOCK HORSE”;(b) “2017 1oz 9999 SILVER”;(c) “JM”;(d) “P”\n- 18 Reverse R10 A frosted table, with a design, consisting of a circle that partly encloses a representation of an eagle perched on a tree branch and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN WEDGE-TAILED EAGLE”; (b) “2017 1/10oz 9999 GOLD”;(c) “JM”;(d) “P”\n- 19 Reverse R11 A design consisting of stylised representations of a dragon, a phoenix and a fireball and in the background a stylised representation of clouds and the following:(a) “TV”;(b) “P”\n- 20 Reverse R12 A design consisting of a circle enclosing a representation of an eagle holding an olive branch in its talons, superimposed on a background depicting a portion of the Stars and Stripes on one side and stars in the shape of the Southern Cross on the other and the following:(a) “VICTORY IN THE PACIFIC”;(b) “1945”;(c) “TV”;(d) “P”\n- 21 Reverse R13 A design consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a coloured representation of a rooster, hen and chicks, and leafy foliage, flowers, flower buds, tendrils, garden stakes, soil and clumps of grass and the following:(a) “Year of the Rooster”; (b) The Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;(c) “P”\n- 22 Reverse R14 A design consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of a gilded bounding kangaroo and a landscape featuring, ground, rocks, grasses and leafy foliage and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;(b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;(c) “JM”;(d) “P”\n- 23 Reverse R15 A design consisting of stylised streamers and musical notes superimposed over coloured representations of gifts with bows, an iced cupcake with a cherry on top, party hat and blowers and the following:(a) “Happy Birthday”;(b) “2017 1oz 9999 SILVER”;(d) “JM”;(e) “P”\n- 24 Reverse R16 A design consisting of an arc that partly encloses a representation of a soldier wearing a uniform, including a hat with a rifle slung over his shoulder, riding a horse wearing tack and a stylised representation of ground and the following;\n\n1. “AUSTRALIAN LIGHT HORSE WWI”;\n2. “AH”;(c) “P”\n- 25 Reverse R17 A design consisting of a representation of 2 soldiers in uniform, looking at a map, a representation of various buildings in the background, a silhouette of a person playing a bugle; and the following:(a) “Lest We”;(b) “Forget”;(c) “April 25”;(d) “IJ”;(e) “P”\n- 26 Reverse R18 A design consisting of a circle that partly encloses representations of a dog with an object in its mouth, a person on horseback, a person holding a swag, a windmill, a water tank, a hat, a house with smoke coming out the chimney, a kangaroo, a sheep, a campsite with a tent and 2 billies suspended over a cooking area, a stream, trees, stylised flames, grasstrees and grasses that form the silhouette representation of Henry Lawson’s profile and the following:(a) “150th ANNIVERSARY”;(b) “OF HENRY LAWSON”;(c) “NM”;(d) “P”\n- 27 Reverse R19 A design consisting of a circle surrounded by dots and partly enclosing a silhouette of Henry Lawson’s head, two horizontal lines, and his signature and the following:(a) “15”;(b) “TH”;(c) “ANNIVERSARY”;(d) “NM”;(e) “P”\n- 28 Reverse R20 A design consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of 2 kookaburras perched on a wooden fence with screws, and a circular shape enclosing a representation of a panda and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”; (b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;(c) “NM”;(d) “P”\n- 29 Reverse R21 A design consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of two kookaburras perched on a wooden fence with screws, and a circular shape enclosing a representation of a shark and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”; (b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;(c) “NM”;(d) “P”\n- 30 Reverse R22 A design consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of two kookaburras perched on a wooden fence with screws and a circular shape enclosing a representation of a yin yang symbol and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”; (b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;(c) “NM”;(d) “P”\n- 31 Reverse R23 A design consisting of a circle which partly encloses a coloured representation of two kookaburras perched on a wooden fence with screws and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”; (b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;(c) “NM”;(d) “P”\n- 32 Reverse R24 A design consisting of a circle which partly encloses a coloured representation of a bounding kangaroo and a coloured landscape featuring ground, rocks, grasses and leafy foliage and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;(b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER” ;(c) “JM”;(d) “P”\n- 33 Reverse R25 A design consisting of a circle which encloses a coloured representation of a koala sitting and a coloured landscape featuring grass, rolling plains, trees, leaves and a hilly terrain in the background and the following:(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOALA”; (b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;(c) “TV”;(d) “P”\n- 34 Reverse R26 A design consisting of a representation of a stylised kookaburra, its beak holding the ends of a cloth sling that contains a human baby, a representation of leaves and flowers and the following:(a) “CONGRATULATIONS ON YOUR BABY”;(b) “AH”;(c) “P”\n- 35 Reverse R27 A design consisting of a representation of a male wearing a suit and tie, holding a female wearing a veil and a long flowing layered dress and a representation of two rings entwined and the following:(a) “Congratulations”;(b) “JM”;(c) “P”\n\n\n \n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This determination remains tightly focused on its original purpose: authorising specific Perth Mint coin issues for 2017. The scope is appropriately limited to technical specifications for numismatic and bullion products, with no evidence of regulatory creep or expansion beyond the Currency Act 1965's framework for determining coin standards."},"complexity_factors":["Straightforward tabular structure with 39 coin specifications in Schedule 1, Part 1","Simple cross-referencing system using symbols (S1, E1, O1-O5, R1-R27) defined in Part 2","Only 1 defined term ('Act') in the interpretation section","Minimal conditional logic—primarily 'if X then Y' commencement provisions","No nested exceptions or complex temporal provisions","Highly repetitive structure—once the pattern is understood, the remaining entries follow predictably","Technical but precise language regarding metallurgical standards (e.g., '99.99% gold', weight tolerances)"],"plain_english_summary":"This instrument authorises the Perth Mint to issue 39 specific commemorative and investment coins for 2017, setting their legal‑tender status and exact technical specifications (metal, weight, dimensions, designs). It affects the Mint, collectors, and precious‑metal investors by guaranteeing authenticity, consistency, and marketability of these pieces.  \n\nBy prescribing designs and finishes—including coloured or gilded elements—it enables production and sale of these high‑quality bullion and collector coins."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This determination stays within the statutory purpose of the Currency Act—namely to specify denominations, compositions and the standard weight/design/dimensions of coins for legal recognition. It adds a substantial number of Perth Mint coin specifications (bullion and commemorative issues) but does not expand the legal power or change the underlying regulatory scope of the Act; it updates the list of recognised coins rather than creating a new class of regulatory obligations."},"complexity_factors":["39 distinct coin items listed in Part 1 of Schedule 1 (each with multiple numeric and design attributes)","Part 2 contains 35 symbol explanations mapping compact codes (S1, E1, O1, R1, etc.) to full design text","Cross-reference to the Currency Act 1965 (paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1)) as the enabling power","Technical numeric tolerances for weight and dimensions (various ± values) across many items","Multiple metal specifications (silver, gold, platinum, aluminium and bronze) and multiple fineness grades (e.g. 99.9%, 99.99%, 99.95%)","Simple legal structure (few defined terms: only 'Act' is defined) and minimal conditional logic or exclusions","Repetitive entries (many similar $1 and bullion-variant lines) increase reading load though not legal complexity"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (in plain language)**\n\n- This is a Ministerial determination that sets out the exact specifications for a set of coins to be issued by the Perth Mint. It does two legal jobs: it names the denominations and specifies the metal composition for each coin (section 5), and it fixes the standard weight, allowable weight tolerance, dimensions, shape, edge finish and the obverse/reverse designs for each coin (section 6 and Schedule 1).\n\n- Mechanically, the determination operates by updating (in effect) the Schedule to the Currency Act 1965 so that the listed coins are recognised in law with the precise technical and design details shown in the Schedule (see sections 5 and 6 and Schedule 1).\n\n**Who this affects**\n\n- The Perth Mint (as the issuer and producer) — it must make coins that match the specifications in the Schedule.\n- Dealers, collectors and bullion investors — the legal description (metal, weight, fineness, design) determines the coin's official identity and may affect pricing, sale, storage and marketing.\n- Businesses or bodies that handle, verify or store official coins (banks, vaults, assay houses) — they rely on the technical specs for authentication and valuation.\n\n**Why it matters (practical effects and legal mechanics)**\n\n- Legal recognition: by specifying denominations and standards under the Currency Act, the coins are formally described in primary legislation (or as if included in the Schedule to the Act). That makes their official characteristics a matter of law (s5–s6, Schedule 1).\n\n- Manufacturing constraint: the Mint must meet exact tolerances for weight and dimensions, and must apply the named obverse/reverse designs and edge/shape features described by symbol cross-references in Part 2 of the Schedule.\n\n- Market signalling: the specification of metal (e.g. \"at least 99.99% gold\"), nominal weight and fineness are the authoritative statement for bullion valuation and marketing claims.\n\n**Official purpose claim and an evidence-based test against practical effects**\n\n- The instrument’s explicit purpose is to authorise specific Perth Mint coins and fix their technical and design standards under the Currency Act (sections 5 and 6). That purpose is consistent with the practical effects: it gives legal certainty for minting and for downstream market actors who buy, sell or verify the coins.\n\n- Costs and incentives: the immediate costs of compliance fall on the Perth Mint (to produce coins to the stated tolerances) and on purchasers who buy the coins at market prices. The specification reduces uncertainty for buyers and intermediaries but also restricts the Mint’s freedom to alter those features without a new determination.\n\n- Trade‑offs and opportunity costs: locking the designs and specifications into law creates stability for collectors and bullion markets, but requires issuing a new instrument to change those features. That delays design changes and imposes an administrative step (and ministerial decision) for future variations.\n\n- Implementation risk and administrative discretion: the Minister (here, the Minister for Small Business) exercises the statutory power to make these specifications (section 3 cites the Currency Act powers). The determination itself is a mechanical mapping of product features to legal description; the main implementation risk is operational (ensuring minting matches specifications) rather than legal uncertainty.\n\n- Compliance burden: minimal on the public at large; concentrated on the Perth Mint (production standards) and on any bodies that must verify coin authenticity.\n\n- Effects on private choice and markets: the instrument does not regulate private transactions directly. It clarifies what constitutes the official physical coin, which aids private markets (collecting, bullion trading) by reducing ambiguity about legal description, fineness and weight.\n\n**Concrete structure and where to look in the instrument**\n\n- Authority: made under the Currency Act 1965 (section 3).\n- What is added to the law: denominations and standard compositions (s5) and the standard weight/design/dimensions (s6 and Schedule 1).\n- How the designs are specified: Part 1 of Schedule 1 lists items with symbolic codes for design, shape and edge; Part 2 explains those symbols with textual design descriptions.\n\n**Who pays, who decides, and what behaviour changes**\n\n- Who pays: production costs and compliance costs are borne by the Perth Mint (and ultimately by purchasers who pay market prices). Verification and authentication costs fall to dealers and assay/verification services where relevant.\n- Who decides: the Minister makes the determination under powers in the Currency Act; the Mint then produces coins consistent with it.\n- Behaviour changes: the Mint issues coins that carry the legally specified descriptions; market participants treat those coins as the authorised Perth Mint products for pricing, sale and authentication.\n\n**Concentrated benefits and diffuse costs**\n\n- Concentrated benefits: the Mint and coin purchasers/dealers gain legal certainty about the product’s official characteristics.\n- Diffuse costs: there are no broad regulatory costs to the public, but the legal fixation of details reduces flexibility for future changes and shifts any costs of redesign or correction to the administrative process.\n\n(See sections 5 and 6 and Schedule 1 of the determination for the detailed list of denominations, metal content, weights, tolerances and design descriptions.)"},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-2-2016","history":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-2-2016/history","analysis":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-2-2016/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-2-2016/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-2-2016/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-no-2-2016/documents"}}