{"id":"F2016L00140","name":"Currency (Perth Mint) Determination 2016 (No. 1)","slug":"currency-perth-mint-determination-2016-no-1","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":94005,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2016L00140-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Name","content":"#### 1 Name\n\n This is the Currency (Perth Mint) Determination 2016 (No. 1).","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Authority","content":"#### 3 Authority\n\n This instrument is made under paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965.","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Definitions","content":"#### 4 Definitions\n\n In this instrument:\n\n> Act means the Currency Act 1965.","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Specification of denominations and standard compositions","content":"#### 5 Specification of denominations and standard compositions\n\n (1) This section is made for paragraph 13(2)(b) of the Act.\n (2) The Act has effect, on and after the day on which this instrument commences, as if:\n (a) there were included in the Schedule to the Act the references to denominations of money specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument; and\n (b) there were specified in the Schedule to the Act opposite to each such denomination, as the standard composition of coins of that denomination, the standard composition specified for the denomination in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument.\n (3) This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for paragraph 13(2)(b) of the Act.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Standard weight, design and dimensions of coins","content":"#### 6 Standard weight, design and dimensions of coins\n\n (1) This section is made for subsection 13A(1) of the Act.\n (2) On and after the day on which this instrument commences, each item of the table in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this instrument specifies the standard weight, the allowable variation from that standard weight, the design and the dimensions of the coin whose denomination and standard composition is specified in that item.\n (3) Each item of the table in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to this instrument explains a symbol used to describe the design of coins specified in Part 1 of Schedule 1.\n (4) This section does not affect any other provision of a determination made for subsection 13A(1) of the Act.","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"Part 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"Specifications of coins","content":"## Part 1—Specifications of coins","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"Part 2","sectionType":"part","heading":"Explanation of symbols","content":"## Part 2—Explanation of symbols","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Symbols used in Part 1","content":"#### 2 Symbols used in Part 1\n\n Each item of the following table contains an explanation of a symbol used in Part 1 of this Schedule to describe the shape, edge design, obverse design and reverse design of a coin.\n\n```html\n

Explanation of symbols used in Part 1

Item

Design Feature

Symbol

Explanation

1

Shape

S1

Circular

2

Shape

S2

Star

3

Edge

E1

Continuously milled

4

Edge

E2

Plain

5

Edge

E3

Continuously milled with the following inscriptions “PRIDE • RESPECT • GRATITUDE” appearing evenly spaced around the edge

6

Obverse

O1

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA ·”;

(c) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS” or “DOLLAR” as the case requires;

(d) “IRB”

7

Obverse

O2

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II surrounded by a pattern of wavy lines and the following:

(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA ·”;

(c) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars or cents, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS”, “DOLLAR” or “CENTS” as the case requires;

(d) “IRB”

8

Obverse

O3

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “· AUSTRALIA 2017 ·”;

(c) “2 DOLLARS”;

(d) “IRB”

9

Obverse

O4

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II surrounded by a circle, which in turn is surrounded by the following:

(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA ·”;

(c) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS” or “DOLLAR” as the case requires;

(d) “IRB”

10

Obverse

O5

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “2017”;

(d) “10 DOLLARS”;

(e) “10oz 999 SILVER”;

(f) “IRB”

11

Obverse

O6

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II surrounded by a circle, which in turn is surrounded by the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “2017”;

(d) “2 DOLLARS”;

(e) “2oz 9999 Ag”;

(f) “IRB”

12

Obverse

O7

A silver annulus bearing the following:

(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA ·”;

(c) “50 DOLLARS”;

that in turn surrounds a gold centrepiece bearing an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and “IRB”

13

Obverse

O8

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “· AUSTRALIA 2017 ·”;

(c) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS” or “DOLLAR”, as the case requires;

(d) “IRB”

14

Obverse

O9

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “2017”;

(d) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS”;

(e) “Xoz 9999 GOLD” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces, of the coin, expressed as a whole number or a common fraction in Arabic numerals);

(f) “IRB”

15

Obverse

O10

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “2017”;

(d) “3000 DOLLARS”;

(e) “1KG 9999 GOLD”;

(f) “IRB”

16

Obverse

O11

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “2017”;

(d) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS”;

(e) “XKG 9999 Ag” (where “X” is the nominal weight in kilograms, of the coin, expressed as a whole number in Arabic numerals);

(f) “IRB”

17

Obverse

O12

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “2017”;

(d) Arabic numerals for the amount, in dollars or cents, of the denomination of the coin, followed by “DOLLARS”, “DOLLAR” or “CENTS”, as the case requires;

(e) “Xoz 9999 Ag” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces, of the coin, expressed as a whole number or a common fraction in Arabic numerals);

(f) “IRB”

18

Obverse

O13

A design consisting of a circle enclosing a pattern of semicircles with lines converging behind an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA ·”;

(c) “1 DOLLAR”;

(d) “IRB”

19

Obverse

O14

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “· ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “· AUSTRALIA 2016 ·”;

(c) “1 DOLLAR”;

(d) “IRB”

20

Obverse

O15

A design consisting of an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II and the following:

(a) “ELIZABETH II”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “2016”;

(d) “1 DOLLAR”;

(e) “1oz 9999 Ag”;

(f) “IRB”

21

Reverse

R1

A design, consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of a kangaroo superimposed over a silhouette of a kangaroo and a horizon, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;

(b) “2016 5oz 999 SILVER”;

(c) “IJ”;

(d) “P”

22

Reverse

R2

A design consisting of a pattern of wavy lines immediately inside the rim that surrounds a representation of a bounding kangaroo that is surrounded by stylised sunrays, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;

(b) “2016 Xoz 9999 SILVER” (where “X” is the nominal weight in ounces of the coin expressed as a whole number or a common fraction in Arabic numerals);

(c) “P”

23

Reverse

R3

A design consisting of a pattern of wavy lines immediately inside the rim that surrounds a representation of a bounding gilded kangaroo superimposed on a pattern of converging lines surrounded by stylised sunrays, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;

(b) “2016 1oz 9999 SILVER”;

(c) “P”

24

Reverse

R4

A design consisting of a pattern of wavy lines immediately inside the rim that surrounds a representation of a bounding kangaroo superimposed on a pattern of converging lines surrounded by stylised sunrays, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KANGAROO”;

(b) “2017 1oz 9999 SILVER”;

(c) “P”;

(d) a microscopic “A”

25

Reverse

R5

A design, consisting of a representation of a kangaroo, and the following:

(a) “0.5 GRAM 9999 GOLD”;

(b) “P”

26

Reverse

R6

A design, consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of a koala climbing along a tree branch, with leaves hanging above, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOALA”;

(b) “2016 1 KILO 999 SILVER”;

(c) “IJ”;

(d) “P”

27

Reverse

R7

A design, consisting of a circle which encloses a representation of a koala sitting and a landscape featuring grass, rolling plains, trees, leaves and a hilly terrain in the background and a circle enclosing a representation of a kangaroo, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOALA”;

(b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;

(c) “TV”;

(d) “P”

28

Reverse

R8

A design, consisting of a circle which encloses a representation of a koala clinging to a tree branch superimposed on a patterned background, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOALA”;

(b) “2007 ‑ 2017”;

(c) “SB”;

(d) “P”

29

Reverse

R9

A design, with an antique finish, consisting of a representation of a koala sitting on the branch of a tree amongst branches, leaves, flowers and buds, and the following:

(a) “JM”;

(b) “P”

30

Reverse

R10

A design, consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of a kookaburra perched on a fence post that has barbed wire attached to it, and a landscape of grasses and a leafless tree, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”;

(b) “2016 1 KILO 999 SILVER”;

(c) “NM”;

(d) “P”

31

Reverse

R11

A design, consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of 2 kookaburras perched on a wooden fence with screws, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”;

(b) “2017 5oz 999 SILVER”;

(c) “NM”;

(d) “P”

32

Reverse

R12

A design, consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of 2 kookaburras perched on a wooden fence with screws, and a circular shape enclosing the inscription “f15”, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”;

(b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;

(c) “NM”;

(d) “P”

33

Reverse

R13

A design, consisting of a circle which partly encloses a representation of 2 kookaburras perched on a wooden fence with screws, and a circle enclosing a representation of a rooster, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA”;

(b) “2017 1oz 999 SILVER”;

(c) “NM”;

(d) “P”

34

Reverse

R14

A design, consisting of a representation of a horse jumping an equestrian obstacle and a landscape consisting of a fence, grassy fields, bushes and hills, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN STOCK HORSE”;

(b) “2016 5oz 9999 GOLD”;

(c) “IJ”;

(d) “P”

35

Reverse

R15

A design, consisting of a representation of a horse grazing in a pasture of grasses and flowers with trees and a field in the background, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN STOCK HORSE”;

(b) “2016 1oz 9999 SILVER”;

(c) “NM”;

(d) “P”

36

Reverse

R16

A proof table, with a design, consisting of a circle that partly encloses a representation of an eagle perched on a tree branch, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN WEDGE‑TAILED EAGLE”;

(b) “2016 5oz 9999 GOLD”;

(c) “JM”;

(d) “P”

37

Reverse

R17

A frosted table, with a design, consisting of a circle that partly encloses a representation of an eagle perched on a tree branch, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN WEDGE‑TAILED EAGLE”;

(b) “2016 1/10oz 9999 GOLD”;

(c) “JM”;

(d) “P”

38

Reverse

R18

A design, consisting of a circle that partly encloses a representation of an eagle perched on a tree branch, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN WEDGE‑TAILED EAGLE”;

(b) “2016 1oz 999 SILVER”;

(c) “JM”;

(d) “P”

39

Reverse

R19

A design, consisting of a circle that partly encloses a representation of an eagle perched on a tree branch, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN WEDGE‑TAILED EAGLE”;

(b) “2016 1oz 9995 PLATINUM”;

(c) “JM”;

(d) “P”

40

Reverse

R20

A design, consisting of a silver annulus bearing the inscriptions:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN WEDGE‑TAILED EAGLE”; and

(b) “2016”; and

(c) “1/2oz 999 SILVER”;

that, in turn, surrounds a gold centrepiece, consisting of a representation of an eagle perched on a tree branch, and the following:

(d) “1/2oz 9999 GOLD”;

(e) “JM”;

(f) “P”

41

Reverse

R21

A design, consisting of a representation of an acacia wreath and a royal crown, and the following:

(a) “PERTH MINT”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “SOVEREIGN”

42

Reverse

R22

A design, consisting of a representation of an acacia wreath and a royal crown, and the following:

(a) “PERTH MINT”;

(b) “AUSTRALIA”;

(c) “HALF SOVEREIGN”

43

Reverse

R23

A design, in a bullion finish, consisting of a circle which encloses a representation of a platypus superimposed on underwater grasses and bubbles, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN PLATYPUS”;

(b) “2017 1oz 9995 PLATINUM”;

(c) “NM”;

(d) “P”

44

Reverse

R24

A proof table, with a design consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a representation of a rooster, soil and bamboo, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

45

Reverse

R25

A frosted table, with a design consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a representation of a rooster, soil and bamboo, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

46

Reverse

R26

A proof table, with a design consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a coloured representation of a rooster, a plain representation of soil and bamboo, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

47

Reverse

R27

A frosted table, with a design consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a coloured representation of a rooster, a plain representation of soil and bamboo, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

48

Reverse

R28

A proof table, with a design consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a representation of a rooster, hen, chicks, leaves, flowers, flower buds, tendrils, garden stakes, soil and clumps of grass, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

49

Reverse

R29

A frosted table, with a design consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a representation of a rooster, hen, chicks, leaves, flowers, flower buds, tendrils, garden stakes, soil and clumps of grass, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

50

Reverse

R30

A proof table, with a design consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a coloured representation of a rooster, hen and chicks, a plain representation of leaves, flowers, flower buds, tendrils, garden stakes, soil and clumps of grass, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

51

Reverse

R31

A frosted table, with a design consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a coloured representation of a rooster, hen and chicks, a plain representation of leaves, flowers, flower buds, tendrils, garden stakes, soil and clumps of grass, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

52

Reverse

R32

A design, consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a gilded representation of a rooster, and a plain representation of a hen, chicks, leaves, flowers, flower buds, tendrils, garden stakes, soil and clumps of grass, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

53

Reverse

R33

A design, consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a coloured representation of a rooster with a gem inset into its eye, a plain representation of a hen, chicks, leaves, flowers, flower buds, tendrils, garden stakes, soil and clumps of grass, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

54

Reverse

R34

A design, consisting of a representation of a rooster, hen, chicks, leaves, flowers, flower buds, tendrils, garden stakes, soil and clumps of grass, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

55

Reverse

R35

A design, consisting of a pattern of lines forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a representation of a rooster, hen, chicks, leaves, flowers, flower buds, tendrils, garden stakes, soil and clumps of grass, and a circle enclosing a lion, and the following:

(a) “Year of the Rooster”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “P”

56

Reverse

R36

A design, consisting of a symmetrical pattern that surrounds stylised leaves, that in turn surround an insert of opal that is the shape of a rooster, and the following:

(a) “YEAR OF THE ROOSTER”;

(b) the Chinese pictograph pronounced “jī” under the Pinyin system and meaning rooster;

(c) “2017 1oz 9999 SILVER”;

(d) “IJ”;

(e) “P”

57

Reverse

R37

A design, consisting of:

(a) a pattern formed by a circle that is surrounded by lines extending to the rim of the coin; and

(b) a representation of a wooden‑hulled ship sailing in choppy water; and

(c) a representation of a compass; and

(d) a representation of a map of Australia that has a circular shape on the westernmost point; and

(e) the following:

(i) “DIRK HARTOG FIRST LANDING”;

(ii) “OCTOBER 1616”;

(iii) “1oz 9999 SILVER”;

(iv) “N”;

(v) “WR”;

(vi) “P”

58

Reverse

R38

A design, consisting of:

(a) a pattern formed by a circle that is surrounded by lines extending to the rim of the coin; and

(b) a representation of a wooden‑hulled ship sailing in choppy water; and

(c) a representation of a compass; and

(d) a representation of a map of Australia that has a circular shape on the westernmost point; and

(e) the following:

(i) “DIRK HARTOG FIRST LANDING”;

(ii) “OCTOBER 1616”;

(iii) “N”;

(iv) “WR”;

(v) “P”

59

Reverse

R39

A design, consisting of a pattern of shapes forming a circle immediately inside the rim, surrounding a representation of the Commonwealth coat of arms, and the following:

(a) “AUSTRALIAN”;

(b) “CITIZENSHIP”;

(c) “P”

60

Reverse

R40

A design, consisting of:

(a) a coloured representation of a candle, aflame, with a ribbon around it, and holly leaves and fruit; and

(b) a stylised representation of ribbon, and light rays emitting from the flame of the candle; and

(c) the following:

(i) “TV”;

(ii) “P”

61

Reverse

R41

A design, consisting of:

(a) a representation of a soldier wearing a hat that has a band and plume, and holding a horse wearing a bridle; and

(b) a coloured representation of a poppy; and

(c) the following:

(i) “THOSE MARVELLOUS HORSES”;

(ii) “1917”;

(iii) “WR”;

(iv) “P”

62

Reverse

R42

A design, consisting of:

(a) a representation of several soldiers wearing uniforms including helmets and backpacks with some holding rifles, and some carrying bayonets, marching past the ruins of buildings with rubble amid the landscape and leafless trees on the horizon and clouds in the sky; and

(b) a coloured representation of the sky and stylised sunrays; and

(c) a coloured representation of a poppy; and

(d) the following:

(i) “1917 ~”;

(ii) “Many Never”;

(iii) “Returned”;

(iv) “WR”;

(v) “P”

63

Reverse

R43

A design, consisting of:

(a) a semicircle that partially encloses a representation of several coloured soldiers wearing uniforms including helmets and holding rifles walking along a wooden path through a landscape of water, mud, dirt, barbed wire and numerous leafless trees; and

(b) a coloured representation of a poppy; and

(c) the following:

(i) “1917 ~ THE GRIM PATH BACK”;

(ii) “WR”;

(iii) “P”

64

Reverse

R44

A design, consisting of:

(a) an arc that partially encloses a representation of a nurse with a scarf covering her hair holding a lamp in one hand and with the other, holding the hand of a soldier who has a bandage around his head and a pillow behind his neck lying on a camp bed with rocky ground underneath; and

(b) a stylised representation of light rays converging behind the lamp with some parts coloured and others not; and

(c) a coloured representation of a poppy; and

(d) the following:

(i) “1917 ~ FRONT line ANGELS”;

(ii) “AH”;

(iii) “P”

65

Reverse

R45

A design, consisting of:

(a) a representation of a galloping horse wearing tack with a soldier on its back, who is wearing a uniform including a hat with a rifle slung over his shoulder and a bayonet in one hand and reins in the other; and

(b) a coloured representation of dirt and an explosion; and

(c) a coloured representation of a poppy; and

(d) the following:

(i) “1917 ~ SPEED and SURPRISE”;

(ii) “AH”;

(iii) “P”

66

Reverse

R46

A design, consisting of:

(a) a coloured representation of a stylised kookaburra, holding in its beak the ends of a cloth sling containing a human baby; and

(b) a representation of leaves and flowers; and

(c) the following:

(i) “CONGRATULATIONS ON YOUR BABY”;

(ii) “AH”;

(iii) “P”

67

Reverse

R47

A design, consisting of:

(a) a representation of a male wearing a suit and tie, holding a female wearing a veil and a long flowing layered dress; and

(b) a coloured representation of 2 rings entwined; and

(c) the following:

(i) “Congratulations”;

(ii) “1oz 9999 SILVER”;

(iii) “JM”;

(iv) “P”

68

Reverse

R48

A design, consisting of:

(a) 2 patterns formed by lines and a coloured representation of a tree and leaves, with a panda clinging to one branch and a koala to the other branch; and

(b) the Chinese pictographs pronounced “zhōng ào zì yóu mào yì xié dìng qiān shǔ jì niàn” under the Pinyin system and meaning commemorating the signing of the China‑Australia Free Trade Agreement; and

(c) the following:

(i) “CHINA‑AUSTRALIA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT 2015”;

(ii) “TV”;

(iii) “P”

\n```","sortOrder":8}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":505},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation remains tightly focused on its original purpose: authorising specific Perth Mint coin issues with detailed specifications. No scope creep detected—it does exactly what it says on the tin."},"complexity_factors":["86 separate coin specifications in a dense tabular format","15 obverse design symbols (O1-O15) and 48 reverse design symbols (R1-R48) requiring cross-referencing between two tables","Precise technical measurements with tolerances (e.g., \"31.607 ± 0.500\" grams)","Multiple metal compositions including bi-metallic coins (gold centre with silver surround)","Extremely detailed design descriptions for commemorative coins (e.g., \"a representation of a nurse with a scarf covering her hair holding a lamp\")","Simple legislative framework (only 6 operative sections) but massive schedule content"],"plain_english_summary":"This determination authorises the Perth Mint to issue 86 commemorative and bullion coins for 2016–2017 as official Australian legal tender, ranging from 50 cents to $3,000 and struck in gold, silver, platinum and one aluminium‑bronze type. It prescribes exact designs and technical specifications (weight, diameter, thickness and tolerances).\n\nIt affects the Mint, collectors/investors and those verifying authenticity—ensuring consistency, legal status and counter‑feiting protection."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This Determination stays within the statutory purpose of paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965: it specifies denominations, standard compositions, and standard weight/design/dimensions for Perth Mint coins. It does not change the legal scope of the Act; it expands the operational list of authorised coin types (an expected and routine use of the power) rather than creating new powers or extending the Act to new subject matter."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive Schedule table: 86 separate table items listed in Part 1 with distinct specifications (many entries repeat denomination but vary by weight/composition/design).","Part 2 contains at least 68 symbol definitions (S1–S2, E1–E3, O1–O15, R1–R48) mapping short codes to detailed design text.","High granularity of technical detail: weights to three decimal places, multiple allowable tolerances, diameters and thicknesses with different maxima.","Many conditional/templated inscriptions within obverse/reverse definitions (placeholders for Xoz/Xkg, years, weight indicators, and micro‑marks).","Multiple material types and constructions (single metal, bi‑metallic, opal inserts, coloured elements, gem insets) raise different production/verification pathways.","Numerous near-duplicate entries (same face value but different metal/weight/design), raising interpretive complexity for enforcement and verification.","Cross-references to the Currency Act powers (paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1)) and to Schedule entries — requires reading instrument and Act together to understand legal effect."],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (mechanically)\n\n- This Determination adds a long list of Perth Mint coins to the Currency Act 1965 by specifying, for each coin, the denomination, the metal composition, the precise weight (and allowable tolerance), dimensions (diameter/thickness), the shape, the edge type and the obverse and reverse designs. (See section 5 and section 6; Schedule, Part 1 and Part 2.)\n\n- Concretely, section 5 makes the Currency Act operate \"as if\" the listed denominations and their standard compositions were included in the Schedule to the Act; section 6 makes the Act operate \"as if\" the listed standard weights, allowable variations, designs and dimensions were included. The Schedule itself is the table in Schedule 1, Part 1. Part 2 explains the short symbol codes used in the table (for example S1 means circular shape, E1 means continuously milled edge, O1–O15 and R1–R48 identify specific obverse/reverse designs).\n\n- The instrument is made under paragraph 13(2)(b) and subsection 13A(1) of the Currency Act 1965 (see section 3 of this instrument). Those are the statutory powers that let the Commonwealth specify denominations, compositions and the standard characteristics of coins.\n\nWho is affected\n\n- The Perth Mint: it gains (or has confirmed) the legal specifications it must meet to issue the listed coins. The Mint must mint to the exact weights, tolerances, compositions and designs set out.\n\n- Dealers, retailers and collectors of bullion and commemorative coins: the Determination clarifies which Perth Mint pieces have the official specifications recognised under the Currency Act. That affects marketing, grading, sale descriptions and authenticity checks.\n\n- Assayers, laboratories and customs/supply-chain actors: they will use these precise specifications to test and verify coin metal content, weight and dimensions.\n\n- The Commonwealth: administrative responsibility to maintain the Schedule and apply the Currency Act to these coins (minor administrative burden).\n\nWhy it matters (practical effects and implementation points)\n\n- Legal recognition and certainty: by specifying denominations, compositions and designs in the Schedule to the Currency Act, the Determination gives those Perth Mint coins an official legal specification for the purposes of the Currency Act. In practice that means there is a definitive legal benchmark against which authenticity and compliance are judged (see s5(2) and s6(2)).\n\n- Operational effect on the Perth Mint: the Mint must ensure production meets the listed tolerances, design elements and inscriptions. Precision specs (weights to 3 decimal places, small tolerances, detailed inscriptions) increase quality-control and testing costs but reduce ambiguity about acceptability of coins.\n\n- Market effects: the measure enables the Mint to continue issuing a wide range of bullion and commemorative coins (gold, silver, platinum, bi‑metallic, various weights from fractional ounces to kilogram and tonne/large bullion coins). That preserves or promotes supply of government‑specified bullion coins that are commonly traded, collected or held as stores of value.\n\n- Compliance and verification costs: dealers, assayers and secondary‑market actors must be able to check the many distinct specifications (many denominations reuse the same nominal face value but differ by metal content and weight). That increases the informational burden compared with a simpler coin list.\n\n- Design lock-in and update process: designs and inscriptions (for example a set of O1–O15 obverse types and R1–R48 reverse types) are defined in detail. Changing or adding new designs later requires further determinations or administrative updates under the same Act.\n\nOfficial purpose-claims and a brief test against trade-offs\n\n- The instrument’s stated purpose is to specify the denominations, standard compositions and the standard weight/design/dimensions of Perth Mint coins so the Currency Act can operate in relation to them (see sections 5 and 6). That provides legal certainty and a technical foundation for minting and trading these coins.\n\n- Costs and trade-offs: the Determination favours certainty over flexibility. Detailed technical specs lower dispute and counterfeiting risk but impose ongoing measurement, testing and production costs on the Mint and verification costs on market participants. The more bespoke the designs (colours, opal insets, gem insets, micro‑marks), the higher the production complexity and the greater the administrative and quality‑control cost.\n\n- Incentives and opportunity costs: granting statutory recognition to specific Perth Mint coin types supports the Mint’s product lines (bullion and commemorative). That recognition helps marketability (buyers can point to a legal specification). The cost is a relatively heavy specification regime that must be kept up to date by future determinations if new designs or denominations are required.\n\nWho pays, who decides, what behaviour changes (plainly)\n\n- Who pays: the Perth Mint bears production and compliance costs; buyers and collectors ultimately pay market prices for these coins; industry actors (assayers, dealers) bear verification costs. Government administrative costs to manage records and publish determinations are small by comparison.\n\n- Who decides: the Determination is made under the Currency Act (see section 3). The Act vests the power to specify denominations/compositions/standards in the instrument-maker (the Commonwealth authority acting under the Act). The Perth Mint implements the specifications by minting.\n\n- Behaviour changes: Perth Mint will produce coins to these exact specifications; dealers and assayers will use the table to verify coins; changes to designs or the introduction of new types will require further legal specification.\n\nKey operational points in the instrument\n\n- Every coin entry in Schedule 1, Part 1 sets: denomination, minimum metal purity or bi‑metal construction, standard weight and allowable variation (in grams), maximum diameter and maximum thickness (in mm), shape code, edge code, obverse code and reverse code.\n\n- Schedule 1, Part 2 decodes shape/edge/obverse/reverse codes (for example S1 = circular; E1 = continuously milled; O1 = specified effigy of Queen Elizabeth II plus certain inscriptions; R1 = specific kangaroo reverse with inscriptions). Some obverse and reverse codes include year and weight inscriptions (e.g. \"10oz 999 SILVER\") and small security or mint marks (\"IRB\", \"P\", \"IJ\", etc.).\n\n- The table covers a wide variety of coins (fractional-ounce gold, 1 kg and 10 oz silver bullion, large denomination gold coins up to $1,000 and higher bullion denominations such as $3,000, multiple commemorative designs — see Schedule 1).\n\nImplementation risks and compliance observations\n\n- High level of detail reduces legal ambiguity but increases the need for accurate record‑keeping and quality control for both the Mint and private sector verifiers (weights, micro‑marks, opal insets, edge inscriptions, coloured or gilded elements require specialised production and inspection).\n\n- Repeated denominations with different metal content/weights (for example many different items with a face value of $1 but very different metal content and sizes) can confuse lay buyers; the table must be relied on to interpret the legal specification.\n\n- Any future design or denomination change will need a fresh determination under the same statutory powers; the Determination is the mechanism for managing authorised Perth Mint coinage going forward.\n\nPrimary sections to look at: section 5 (specifies inclusion of denominations and compositions into the Act), section 6 (specifies weights/designs/dimensions) and the Schedule (Part 1: the full table of coins; Part 2: explanation of symbol codes)."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2016-no-1","history":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2016-no-1/history","analysis":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2016-no-1/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2016-no-1/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2016-no-1/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2016-no-1/documents"}}