{"id":"F2005B02938","name":"Currency (Perth Mint) Determination 2000 (No. 4)","slug":"currency-perth-mint-determination-2000-no-4","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":436630,"registerId":"F2005B02938-fast-fetch-1775953766927","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-12","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Currency (Perth Mint) Determination 2000 (No. 4)","content":"---\nmeta-content-style-type: text/css\nmeta-content-type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8\n---\n\n?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n\n\n\nCurrency (Perth Mint) Determination 2000 (No. 4)\n\nI, JOE HOCKEY, Minister for Financial Services and Regulation, make this Determination under subsection 13A (1) of the Currency Act 1965.\n\nDated 10 October 2000\n\nJOE HOCKEY\n\nMinister for Financial Services and Regulation\n\nContents\n\nPage\n\n 1 Name of Determination \n\n 2 Commencement \n\n 3 Specification of coins \n\n 4 Application of Determination \n\nSchedule 1 \n\nPart 1 Specification of coins \n\nPart 2 Explanation of symbols \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n1 Name of Determination\n\n This Determination is the Currency (Perth Mint) Determination 2000 (No. 4).\n\n2 Commencement\n\n This Determination commences on gazettal.\n\n3 Specification of coins\n\n This Determination specifies, for a coin having the denomination and standard composition specified in columns 2 and 3 of Part 1 of Schedule 1, the standard weight, the allowable variation from that weight, the dimensions and the design specified in columns 4, 5 and 6 of that Part.\n\n4 Application of Determination\n\n The specifications in this Determination do not affect any other Determination of the specifications of a coin.\n\n \n\nSchedule 1 \n\n(section 3)\n\nPart 1 Specification of coins\n\n \n\n- Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6\n- Item Denomination and nominal weight in ounces or kilograms Standard composition Standard weight and allowable variation (g) Dimensions Design\n- (1) Diameter (mm) (2) Thickness (mm) (1) Shape (2) Edge (3) Obverse (4) Reverse\n- 101 $5 (1/20 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 1.571 0.015 14.10 1.40 S1 E1 O1 R236\n- 102 $15 (1/10 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 3.133 0.022 16.10 1.50 S1 E1 O1 R236\n- 103 $25 (1/4 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 7.807 0.030 20.10 2.00 S1 E1 O1 R236\n- 104 $50 (1/2 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 15.594 0.040 25.10 2.40 S1 E1 O1 R236\n- 105 $100 (1 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 31.162 0.055 32.10 2.80 S1 E1 O1 R236\n- 106 $100 (1 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 31.162 0.055 32.10 2.80 S1 E1 O1 R237\n- 107 $200 (2 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 62.265 0.050 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O1 R236\n- 108 $200 (2 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 62.265 0.050 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O1 R242\n- 109 $1 000 (10 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 311.317 0.250 60.30 7.90 S1 E1 O1 R242\n- 110 $3 000 (1 kg) Not less than 99.99% gold 1000.350 0.250 75.30 13.90 S1 E1 O1 R242\n- 111 $1 (1 oz) Not less than 99.9% silver 31.635 0.500 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O1 R238\n- 112 $2 (2 oz) Not less than 99.9% silver 62.770 0.500 50.30 4.50 S1 E1 O1 R238\n- 113 $10 (10 oz) Not less than 99.9% silver 312.347 1.000 75.50 8.70 S1 E1 O1 R238\n- 114 $10 (10 oz) Not less than 99.9% silver 312.347 1.000 75.50 8.70 S1 E1 O1 R239\n- 115 $30 (1 kg) Not less than 99.9% silver 1002.502 1.500 101.00 14.60 S1 E1 O1 R238\n- 116 $5 (1/20 oz) Not less than 99.95% platinum 1.571 0.015 14.10 1.40 S1 E1 O1 R240\n- 117 $15 (1/10 oz) Not less than 99.95% platinum 3.137 0.025 16.10 1.32 S1 E1 O1 R240\n- 118 $25 (1/4 oz) Not less than 99.95% platinum 7.815 0.035 20.10 1.90 S1 E1 O1 R240\n- 119 $50 (1/2 oz) Not less than 99.95% platinum 15.605 0.045 25.10 2.30 S1 E1 O1 R240\n- 120 $100 (1 oz) Not less than 99.95% platinum 31.185 0.065 32.10 2.70 S1 E1 O1 R240\n- 121 $100 (1 oz) Not less than 99.95% platinum 31.185 0.065 32.10 2.70 S1 E1 O1 R241\n- 122 $200 (2 oz) Not less than 99.95% platinum 62.313 0.075 40.60 3.80 S1 E1 O1 R240\n- 123 $200 (2 oz) Not less than 99.95% platinum 62.313 0.075 40.60 3.80 S1 E1 O1 R243\n- 124 $1 000 (10 oz) Not less than 99.95% platinum 311.691 0.500 60.30 7.90 S1 E1 O1 R243\n- 125 $3 000 (1 kg) Not less than 99.95% platinum 1001.000 0.500 75.30 13.90 S1 E1 O1 R243\n- 126 $5 (1/20 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 1.571 0.015 14.10 1.40 S1 E1 O1 R244\n- 127 $15 (1/10 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 3.133 0.022 16.10 1.50 S1 E1 O1 R244\n- 128 $25 (1/4 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 7.807 0.030 20.10 2.00 S1 E1 O1 R244\n- 129 $50 (1/2 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 15.594 0.040 25.10 2.40 S1 E1 O1 R244\n- 130 $100 (1 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 31.162 0.055 32.10 2.80 S1 E1 O1 R244\n- 131 $200 (2 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 62.265 0.050 40.60 4.00 S1 E1 O1 R244\n- 132 $1 000 (10 oz) Not less than 99.99% gold 311.317 0.250 60.30 7.90 S1 E1 O1 R244\n- 133 $3 000 (1 kg) Not less than 99.99% gold 1000.350 0.250 75.30 13.90 S1 E1 O1 R244\n\n\nPart 2 Explanation of symbols\n\n \n\n| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Item | Design Feature | Symbol | Explanation |\n| 201 | Shape | S1 | Circular |\n| 202 | Edge | E1 | Continuously milled |\n| 203 | Obverse | O1 | A circle of raised beads, immediately inside the rim, enclosing:
(a) the inscriptions:
(i) ‘ELIZABETH II’; and
(ii) ‘AUSTRALIA’; and
(b) an inscription stating, in Arabic numerals, the amount, in dollars, of the denomination of the coin, followed by the word ‘DOLLAR’ or ‘DOLLARS’, as the case requires;
that, in turn, surround an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II. |\n| 204 | Reverse | R236 | A circle of raised beads, immediately inside the rim, enclosing the inscriptions:
(a) ‘THE AUSTRALIAN NUGGET X OZ. 9999 GOLD’ (where ‘X’ is the nominal weight, in ounces, of the coin expressed as a common fraction, or whole number, in Arabic numerals); and
(b) ‘2001’ or ‘2002’;
that, in turn, surround:
(c) a representation of 2 kangaroos superimposed on a map of Australia; and
(d) the monogram ‘MG’; and
(e) for a coin dated 2001 — the inscription ‘P’. |\n| 205 | Reverse | R237 | A circle of raised beads, immediately inside the rim, enclosing the inscriptions:
(a) ‘THE AUSTRALIAN NUGGET 1 OZ. 9999 GOLD’; and
(b) ‘2001’;
that, in turn, surround:
(c) the inscription, ‘Australian Prospector — 150th Anniversary First Gold Rush’; and
(d) a representation of a prospector panning for gold against a landscape incorporating colour; and
(e) the inscription ‘P’. |\n| 206 | Reverse | R238 | A circle of raised beads, immediately inside the rim, enclosing:
(a) either:
(i) if the nominal weight of the coin is measured in ounces — the inscription ‘THE AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA X OZ. 999 SILVER’ (where ‘X’ is the nominal weight, in ounces, of the coin expressed as a whole number in Arabic numerals); or
(ii) if the nominal weight of the coin is 1 kilogram — the inscription ‘THE AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA 1 KILO 999 SILVER’; and
(b) the inscription ‘2001’ or ‘2002’;
that, in turn, surround:
(c) a representation of a flying kookaburra superimposed on a map of Australia; and
(d) for a coin dated 2001 — the inscription ‘P’. |\n| 207 | Reverse | R239 | A circle, immediately inside the rim, enclosing the inscriptions:
(a) ‘AUSTRALIAN KOOKABURRA 2001 10 0Z .999 SILVER’; and
(b) ‘EVOLUTION OF THE CALENDAR’;
that, in turn, surround:
(c) representations of 12 symbols relating to calendars of different civilisations and the inscription ‘P’; and
(d) an annulus containing inscriptions of the names of the 12 months of the Gregorian calendar; and
(e) an annulus containing inscriptions of the Latin words for days of the week;
that, in turn, surrounds a pad printed stylised representation of the solar system. |\n| 208 | Reverse | R240 | A circle of raised beads, immediately inside the rim, enclosing the inscriptions:
(a) ‘THE AUSTRALIAN KOALA X OZ. 9995 PLATINUM’ (where ‘X’ is the nominal weight, in ounces, of the coin expressed as a common fraction, or whole number, in Arabic numerals); and
(b) ‘2001’ or ‘2002’;
that, in turn, surround:
(c) a representation of 2 koalas on a branch superimposed on a map of Australia; and
(d) for a coin dated 2001 — the inscription ‘P’. |\n| 209 | Reverse | R241 | A circle of raised beads, immediately inside the rim, enclosing the inscriptions:
(a) ‘AUSTRALIAN KOALA 1 OZ. 9995 PLATINUM’; and
(b) ‘2001’;
that, in turn, surround:
(c) a representation of Sir Henry Parkes and a soldier holding a gun, superimposed on a pad printed representation of the Australian flag and a Federation Star which is, in turn, superimposed on old Parliament House, Canberra; and
(d) the inscription ‘Australian Stories — Federation’; and
(e) the inscription ‘P’; and
(f) the monogram ‘JM’. |\n| 210 | Reverse | R242 | A circle of raised beads, immediately inside the rim, enclosing:
(a) either:
(i) if the nominal weight of the coin is measured in ounces — the inscription ‘THE AUSTRALIAN NUGGET X OZ. 9999 GOLD’ (where ‘X’ is the nominal weight, in ounces, of the coin expressed as a whole number in Arabic numerals); or
(ii) if the nominal weight of the coin is 1 kilogram — the inscription ‘THE AUSTRALIAN NUGGET 1 KILO 9999 GOLD’; and
(b) the inscription ‘2002’;
that, in turn, surround a representation of a kangaroo on a sunburst of rays. |\n| 211 | Reverse | R243 | A circle, immediately inside the rim, enclosing:
(a) either:
(i) if the nominal weight of the coin is measured in ounces — the inscription ‘THE AUSTRALIAN KOALA X OZ. 9995 PLATINUM’ (where ‘X’ is the nominal weight, in ounces, of the coin expressed as a whole number in Arabic numerals); or
(ii) if the nominal weight of the coin is 1 kilogram — the inscription ‘THE AUSTRALIAN KOALA 1 KILO 9995 PLATINUM’; and
(b) the inscription ‘2002’; and
(c) a representation of a koala on a tree stump. |\n| 212 | Reverse | R244 | A circle of raised beads, immediately inside the rim, enclosing:
(a) either:
(i) if the nominal weight of the coin is measured in ounces — the inscription ‘X OZ. 9999 GOLD’ (where ‘X’ is the nominal weight, in ounces, of the coin expressed as a common fraction, or whole number, in Arabic numerals); or
(ii) if the nominal weight of the coin is 1 kilogram — the inscription 1 KILO 9999 GOLD’; and
(b) the inscription ‘2002’; and
(c) the Chinese character for ‘horse;
that, in turn, surround a representation of a horse, with or without the inscription ‘P’. |\n\n \n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This Determination is a technical update specifying the physical and design characteristics of a set of Perth Mint coins (including commemorative designs for 2001–2002). It does not expand the Minister’s legal power or change who may issue coins; it stays within the original purpose of the Currency Act to authorise and standardise coin specifications. In substance it updates/records particular coin designs and tolerances rather than changing the statutory scope of coinage regulation."},"complexity_factors":["Table of 33 distinct coin items (items 101–133) with individual weights, tolerances and dimensions","Use of shorthand design codes (S1, E1, O1, and R236–R244) requiring cross-reference to Part 2","Multiple metals and purities specified (gold 99.99%, silver 99.9%, platinum 99.95%) across different denominations","Conditional inscriptions and design elements tied to year (2001 or 2002) and to whether weight is expressed in ounces or as 1 kilo (nested conditional language in Part 2)","Several denominations duplicated with different reverse designs (same face value/weight but different R-codes), increasing cross-referencing","Mix of units (ounces and kilograms) and high-precision numeric tolerances (grams to three decimal places)","Design detail requirements include text, monograms, pad-printed colour elements and date-specific letters (production/inspection complexity)"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (mechanics first)**\n\n- This is a Ministerial Determination made under the Currency Act 1965 that sets out the technical specifications for a set of coins produced by the Perth Mint. (A \"Determination\" is a formal rule made by the Minister under an Act.) See the signature and power referenced at the front and the operative clauses (clauses 3 and 4).\n\n- It lists each coin by an item number and gives, for each coin (Schedule 1, Part 1): the legal denomination and nominal weight (in ounces or kilograms), the metal and minimum purity (for example, “not less than 99.99% gold”), the required standard weight and the allowable plus/minus variation, the diameter and thickness, the shape and edge type, and which obverse (front) and reverse (back) design apply. (See section 3 and Schedule 1, Part 1.)\n\n- The Determination uses short design codes (for example, S1, E1, O1, R236) in the table and explains those codes in Schedule 1, Part 2. For example: S1 = circular; E1 = continuously milled edge; O1 = obverse showing an effigy of Queen Elizabeth II with certain inscriptions; R236–R244 describe different reverse designs and the inscriptions that must appear (including date and metal wording). (See Schedule 1, Part 2.)\n\n- Clause 4 makes clear these specifications apply only to the coins listed and do not override or affect other Determinations setting specifications for other coins.\n\n**Who this affects**\n\n- Perth Mint — principal actor required to produce coins that meet the listed specifications (weights, purities, dimensions, and designs).\n- Commonwealth (through the Minister and Minting/assay/inspection functions) — responsible for authorising and enforcing these technical standards.\n- Market participants — bullion buyers, coin dealers, numismatists (collectors), assayers, and secondary-market traders who rely on the stated denomination, metal content and inscriptions to verify and value coins.\n- Testing/enforcement bodies — bodies that check weight, purity and design compliance for authenticity and legal-tender status.\n\n**Why it matters (stated purpose, then practical effects and trade-offs)**\n\n- Stated purpose: the Determination gives formal legal effect to the Perth Mint’s coin specifications so those coins are recognised with the listed denominations and specifications. (See the instrument title and section 3.)\n\n- Practical effects and implementation mechanics:\n - Legal recognition and uniformity: the specification fixes the physical and inscription standards for each named coin so buyers, sellers and regulators know what a genuine coin looks like and weighs (Schedule 1, Part 1 and Part 2).\n - Quality control obligations: the Perth Mint must manufacture to narrow tolerances (e.g. weight variations in grams are specified for each coin), which shapes production processes, testing and quality assurance.\n - Market signalling: inscriptions stating metal content and purity (e.g. “9999 GOLD”) and the face value (dollars) are part of the legal description and affect how coins are marketed and valuated by dealers and buyers.\n - Collector and commemorative features: several reverse designs and date-specific inscriptions (2001/2002) indicate commemorative issues; these design specifications determine which visual and textual elements must appear and therefore affect collector value and attribution.\n\n**Costs, incentives and trade-offs (concrete mechanisms)**\n\n- Who pays: production costs fall to Perth Mint (minting to tight tolerances, pad printing, multi-colour elements where specified). End users (collectors/investors) pay market prices that reflect minting costs plus premium over metal value. The Commonwealth bears administrative costs in making and publishing the Determination and enforcement.\n\n- Incentives and behaviour changes:\n - Perth Mint is incentivised to meet the exact specifications to secure legal-tender recognition and market confidence; failure risks reputational damage or enforcement action.\n - Buyers rely on specified inscriptions and dimensions; high-precision tolerances discourage counterfeits and influence secondary-market pricing.\n\n- Competitive / market effects:\n - The Determination benefits Perth Mint by authorising specific mint products; it does not directly regulate competitive pricing or distribution but creates a standard that other producers cannot use unless similarly authorised.\n\n- Implementation risk and compliance burden:\n - Compliance burden is mainly on the Mint to meet tolerances and design rules (weights, diameters, inscriptions). The Determination requires checking many small, technical features (e.g. presence of ‘‘P’’, monograms, pad-printed imagery) and date-dependent inscriptions, which adds production complexity.\n - Enforcement requires measuring and verifying weight/purity and visual checks; these are routine for minting and testing bodies but non-trivial for mass production of varied commemorative designs.\n\n- Substitution and opportunity costs:\n - Face (nominal) value printed on bullion coins is typically far below metal content; purchasers and traders are therefore motivated by metal/bullion value and collectability rather than circulating currency use. The Determination does not change that economic fact; it simply standardises the forms in which that value is embodied.\n\n**Key legal mechanics and limits**\n\n- The Determination is limited to the coins listed in Schedule 1 and to the design explanations in Part 2 (clause 3 and Schedule 1). Clause 4 explicitly says these specifications do not affect other Determinations.\n\n- Many entries are conditional (for example, inscriptions differ if weight is stated in ounces versus 1 kilo; some reverse inscriptions vary by year 2001 or 2002), so the design requirements are partly time- and denomination-dependent (see Schedule 1, Part 2 items, e.g. R236–R244).\n\n**Plain statement of who decides and what changes**\n\n- Who decides: the Minister (exercising a power under the Currency Act) determines technical specifications by instrument. The Determination itself fixes what Perth Mint must produce for the listed coins.\n- What changes for the private sector: primary change is the availability of specific Perth Mint legal-tender bullion and commemorative coins produced to the listed specifications; dealers, collectors and assayers will use these specifications to identify and value those coins.\n\n(References: clause 3 and Schedule 1, Part 1 specify the coins; Schedule 1, Part 2 explains the symbol codes used for shape, edge, obverse and reverse designs; clause 4 limits interaction with other Determinations.)"},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This Determination remains tightly focused on its original purpose: specifying technical characteristics for Perth Mint bullion coins. It does not expand beyond coin specification into broader currency policy, taxation, or trade regulation."},"complexity_factors":["Highly structured tabular format with extensive cross-referencing between Parts 1 and 2","34 separate coin specifications requiring lookup of symbolic codes (S1, E1, O1, R236–R244)","Nested conditional logic in design descriptions (e.g., 'if the nominal weight...' clauses in items 206, 208, 210–212)","Multiple reverse designs for same denomination/weight combinations (e.g., items 105/106 both $100 1oz gold with different reverses)","Precise technical measurements with tolerances (e.g., '31.162 ± 0.055' grams)","No defined terms section, but 9 symbolic codes requiring decryption via Part 2 table"],"plain_english_summary":"This law sets out the technical specifications for a range of gold, silver, and platinum coins produced by the Perth Mint in 2000. It covers the **Australian Nugget** (gold), **Australian Kookaburra** (silver), and **Australian Koala** (platinum) coin series, plus a special **Year of the Horse** gold coin series.\n\n**What it does:**\n- Specifies the exact weight, size, purity, and design for 34 different coin types\n- Covers coins ranging from $1 to $3,000 in face value\n- Details physical characteristics: diameter, thickness, edge type, and what images appear on each side\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- The Perth Mint (which manufactures these coins)\n- Coin collectors and investors who buy these bullion coins\n- Anyone who needs to verify whether a particular coin is genuine Australian legal tender\n\n**Why it matters:**\nUnder the *Currency Act 1965*, only coins that meet official specifications count as legal Australian currency. This Determination ensures that collectors and traders know exactly what constitutes a genuine coin for these specific Perth Mint issues from 2001–2002. The designs include Australian wildlife (kangaroos, kookaburras, koalas), historical commemorations (gold rush, Federation), and a Chinese zodiac design (Year of the Horse)."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2000-no-4","history":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2000-no-4/history","analysis":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2000-no-4/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2000-no-4/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2000-no-4/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/currency-perth-mint-determination-2000-no-4/documents"}}