{"id":"sr:commercial-passenger-vehicle-industry-infringements-regulations-2018","name":"Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Regulations 2018","slug":"commercial-passenger-vehicle-industry-infringements-regulations-2018","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"vic","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":181432,"registerId":"vic-sr:commercial-passenger-vehicle-industry-infringements-regulations-2018-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Regulations 2018","content":"Version No. 007\n\n**Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Regulations 2018**\n\n**S.R. No. 85/2018**\n\nVersion incorporating amendments as at  \n1 January 2026\n\n**TABLE OF PROVISIONS**\n\n*Regulation Page*\n\n1 Objectives 1\n\n2 Authorising provision 1\n\n3 Commencement 1\n\n4 Definitions 1\n\n5 Prescribed infringement offences 2\n\n6 Prescribed infringement penalties 2\n\nSchedule 1—Commercial passenger vehicle industry infringements 3\n\n═════════════\n\nEndnotes 6\n\n1 General information 6\n\n2 Table of Amendments 8\n\n3 Explanatory details 9\n\n**Version No.** **007**\n\n**Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Regulations 2018**\n\n**S.R. No. 85/2018**\n\nVersion incorporating amendments as at  \n1 January 2026\n\n\t1 Objectives\n\nThe objectives of these Regulations are to prescribe—\n\n(a) infringement offences for which an infringement notice may be served; and\n\n(b) the penalty for any infringement notice.\n\n\t2 Authorising provision\n\nThese Regulations are made under section 289 of the **Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017**.\n\n\t3 Commencement\n\n(1) These Regulations (except regulation 7) come into operation on 2 July 2018.\n\n(2) Regulation 7 comes into operation on 1 September 2018.\n\n\t4 Definitions\n\nIn these Regulations—\n\n***the Act*** means the **Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017**.\n\n\t5 Prescribed infringement offences\n\nFor the purpose of item 46 of Schedule 2 to the Act, an offence specified in column 2 of Schedule 1 is prescribed as an infringement offence for which an infringement notice may be served.\n\n\t6 Prescribed infringement penalties\n\nFor the purpose of item 48 of Schedule 2 to the Act, the penalty for an infringement notice is the penalty set out in the corresponding entry of column 3 of Schedule 1 in respect of that infringement offence.\n\nReg. 7 revoked by S.R. No. 122/2020 reg. 5.\n\n* * * * *\n\nSch. 1 amended by S.R. Nos 85/2018 reg. 7, 162/2019 reg. 4,  \n122/2020 reg. 6, 66/2022 reg. 3(2), 100/2023 reg. 7, 154/2025 reg. 6.\n\nSchedule 1—Commercial passenger vehicle industry infringements\n\n| *Column 1*<br>*Item* | *Column 2*<br>*Prescribed offence* | *Column 3*<br>*Infringement    penalty* | *Column 4*   <br>*Code* |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | *Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017* |  |  |\n| 1 | s. 37(1) | 12 penalty units | 8449 |\n| 2 | s. 38(1) | 12 penalty units | 8450 |\n| 3 | s. 47 | 12 penalty units | 8451 |\n| 4 | s. 51(1) | 12 penalty units | 8452 |\n| 5 | s. 70 | 12 penalty units | 2556 |\n| 6 | s. 82 | 7·5 penalty units | 2558 |\n| 7 | s. 87(1) | 1·25 penalty units | 8453 |\n| 8 | s. 88(1) | 1·25 penalty units | 2559 |\n| 9 | s. 89(1) | 1·25 penalty units | 2560 |\n| 10 | s. 90(1) | 1·25 penalty units | 2561 |\n| 11 | s. 90(2) | 1·25 penalty units | 2562 |\n| 12 | s. 91(1) | 1·25 penalty units | 2563 |\n| 13 | s. 92(1) | 1·25 penalty units | 2564 |\n| 14 | s. 93(1) | 1·25 penalty units | 2565 |\n| 15 | s. 94(1) | 1·25 penalty units | 8454 |\n| 16 | s. 110G | 12 penalty units | 2427 |\n| 17 | s. 224 | 1·25 penalty units | 3260 |\n| 17AA | s. 267A(1) | 12 penalty units | 1350 |\n| 17AAB | s. 267B(1) | 12 penalty units | 1351 |\n|  | *Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Regulations 2018* |  |  |\n| * * * * * | | | |\n| 17A | reg. 8(2) | 2·5 penalty units | 8469 |\n| 17B | reg. 8(3) | 2·5 penalty units | 8470 |\n| 17C | reg. 8(4) | 2·5 penalty units | 8471 |\n| 18 | reg. 9(1) | 2·5 penalty units | 8455 |\n| 19 | reg. 9(2) | 2·5 penalty units | 8456 |\n| 20 | reg. 9(3) | 2·5 penalty units | 8457 |\n| 21 | reg. 10(1) | 1·25 penalty units | 2568 |\n| 22 | reg. 12(1) | 2·5 penalty units | 8458 |\n| 23 | reg. 12(2) | 2·5 penalty units | 8459 |\n| 24 | reg. 13(1) | 5 penalty units | 8460 |\n| 25 | reg. 13(2) | 5 penalty units | 8461 |\n| 26 | reg. 14(1) | 5 penalty units | 2623 |\n| 27 | reg. 14(2) | 5 penalty units | 8462 |\n| 28 | reg. 14(3) | 5 penalty units | 2624 |\n| 29 | reg. 17(1) | 2·5 penalty units | 8463 |\n| 30 | reg. 17(2) | 2·5 penalty units | 8464 |\n| 31 | reg. 17(3) | 1·25 penalty units | 8465 |\n| 32 | reg. 18(1) | 2·5 penalty units | 2434 |\n| 33 | reg. 18(2) | 2·5 penalty units | 8472 |\n| 34 | reg. 18(3) | 2·5 penalty units | 8466 |\n| 34A | reg. 19(1A) | 4 penalty units | 1367 |\n| 35 | reg. 19(2) | 2·5 penalty units | 2442 |\n| 36 | reg. 19(3) | 4 penalty units | 2443 |\n| 37 | reg. 21(2) | 2·5 penalty units | 8467 |\n| 38 | reg. 22(1) | 2·5 penalty units | 3266 |\n| 39 | reg. 22(2) | 2·5 penalty units | 8468 |\n| 40 | reg. 25(1) | 1·5 penalty units | 2412 |\n| 41 | reg. 26(1) | 2·5 penalty units | 2633 |\n| 42 | reg. 27 | 1·25 penalty units | 2417 |\n| 43 | reg. 28(2) | 2·5 penalty units | 2406 |\n| 44 | reg. 28A(2) | 1 penalty unit | A422 |\n| 45 | reg. 28A(3) | 1 penalty unit | A423 |\n| 46 | reg. 28A(4) | 1 penalty unit | A424 |\n| 47 | reg. 28A(5) | 1 penalty unit | A425 |\n\n\n ═════════════\n\nEndnotes\n\n1 General information\n\nSee [www.legislation.vic.gov.au](http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au) for Victorian Bills, Acts and current Versions of legislation and up-to-date legislative information.\n\nThe Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Regulations 2018, S.R. No. 85/2018 were made on 26 June 2018 by the Governor in Council under section 289 of the **Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017**, No. 35/2017 and come into operation as follows:\n\nRegulations 1‒6 on 2 July 2018: regulation 3(1); regulation 7 on 1 September 2018: regulation 3(2).\n\nINTERPRETATION OF LEGISLATION ACT 1984 (ILA)\n\nStyle changes\n\nSection 54A of the ILA authorises the making of the style changes set out in Schedule 1 to that Act.\n\nReferences to ILA s. 39B\n\nSidenotes which cite ILA s. 39B refer to section 39B of the ILA which provides that where an undivided regulation, rule or clause of a Schedule is amended by the insertion of one or more subregulations, subrules or subclauses the original regulation, rule or clause becomes subregulation, subrule or subclause (1) and is amended by the insertion of the expression \"(1)\" at the beginning of the original regulation, rule or clause.\n\nInterpretation\n\nAs from 1 January 2001, amendments to section 36 of the ILA have the following effects:\n\n• Headings\n\nAll headings included in a Statutory Rule which is made on or after  \n1 January 2001 form part of that Statutory Rule. Any heading inserted in a Statutory Rule which was made before 1 January 2001, by a Statutory Rule made on or after 1 January 2001, forms part of that Statutory Rule.  \nThis includes headings to Parts, Divisions or Subdivisions in a Schedule; Orders; Parts into which an Order is divided; clauses; regulations; rules; items; tables; columns; examples; diagrams; notes or forms.  \nSee section 36(1A)(2A)(2B).\n\n• Examples, diagrams or notes\n\nAll examples, diagrams or notes included in a Statutory Rule which is made on or after 1 January 2001 form part of that Statutory Rule. Any examples, diagrams or notes inserted in a Statutory Rule which was made before 1 January 2001, by a Statutory Rule made on or after 1 January 2001, form part of that Statutory Rule. See section 36(3A).\n\n• Punctuation\n\nAll punctuation included in a Statutory Rule which is made on or after  \n1 January 2001 forms part of that Statutory Rule. Any punctuation inserted in a Statutory Rule which was made before 1 January 2001, by a Statutory Rule made on or after 1 January 2001, forms part of that Statutory Rule.  \nSee section 36(3B).\n\n• Provision numbers\n\nAll provision numbers included in a Statutory Rule form part of that Statutory Rule, whether inserted in the Statutory Rule before, on or after  \n1 January 2001. Provision numbers include regulation numbers, rule numbers, subregulation numbers, subrule numbers, paragraphs and subparagraphs. See section 36(3C).\n\n• Location of \"legislative items\"\n\nA \"legislative item\" is a penalty, an example or a note. As from 13 October 2004, a legislative item relating to a provision of a Statutory Rule is taken to be at the foot of that provision even if it is preceded or followed by another legislative item that relates to that provision. For example, if a penalty at the foot of a provision is followed by a note, both of these legislative items will be regarded as being at the foot of that provision. See section 36B.\n\n• Other material\n\nAny explanatory memorandum, table of provisions, endnotes, index and other material printed after the Endnotes does not form part of a Statutory Rule. See section 36(3)(3D)(3E).\n\n2 Table of Amendments\n\nThis publication incorporates amendments made to the Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Regulations 2018 by statutory rules, subordinate instruments and Acts.\n\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n\nCommercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Regulations 2018, S.R. No. 85/2018\n\n| *Date of Making:* | 26.6.18 |\n| --- | --- |\n| *Date of Commencement:* | Reg. 7 on 1.9.18: reg. 3(2) |\n\n\nCommercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Amendment Regulations 2019, S.R. No. 162/2019\n\n| *Date of Making:* | 19.12.19 |\n| --- | --- |\n| *Date of Commencement:* | 19.12.19: reg. 3 |\n\n\nCommercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Further Amendment Regulations 2020, S.R. No. 122/2020\n\n| *Date of Making:* | 10.11.20 |\n| --- | --- |\n| *Date of Commencement:* | Regs 5, 6 on 18.11.20: reg. 3(1) |\n\n\nCommercial Passenger Vehicle Industry and Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Amendment Regulations 2022, S.R. No. 66/2022\n\n| *Date of Making:* | 9.8.22 |\n| --- | --- |\n| *Date of Commencement:* | Reg. 3(2) on 9.8.22 |\n\n\nCommercial Passenger Vehicle Industry and Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Amendment Regulations 2023, S.R. No. 100/2023\n\n| *Date of Making:* | 19.9.23 |\n| --- | --- |\n| *Date of Commencement:* | Reg. 7 on 28.9.23: reg. 3 |\n\n\nCommercial Passenger Vehicle Industry and Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry (Infringements) Amendment Regulations 2025, S.R. No. 154/2025\n\n| *Date of Making:* | 23.12.25 |\n| --- | --- |\n| *Date of Commencement:* | Reg. 6 on 1.1.26: reg. 3 |\n\n\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n\n3 Explanatory details\n\n**Penalty Units**\n\nThese Regulations provide for penalties by reference to penalty units within the meaning of section 110 of the **Sentencing Act 1991**. The amount of the penalty is to be calculated, in accordance with section 7 of the **Monetary Units Act 2004**, by multiplying the number of penalty units applicable by the value of a penalty unit.\n\nThe value of a penalty unit for the financial year commencing 1 July 2025 is $203.51. The amount of the calculated penalty may be rounded to the nearest dollar.\n\nThe value of a penalty unit for future financial years is to be fixed by the Treasurer under section 5 of the **Monetary Units Act 2004**. The value of a penalty unit for a financial year must be published in the Government Gazette and a Victorian newspaper before 1 June in the preceding financial year.","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The regulation appears to fulfil its stated purpose as a supporting instrument to the Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017, establishing an infringement notice scheme consistent with the Act's enforcement framework. There is no indication of scope creep or deviation from original intent based on the available text."},"complexity_factors":["Relatively narrow and technical scope — purely procedural enforcement mechanism","Must be read alongside the parent Act (Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017) to understand which offences apply","Limited publicly available text in the provided excerpt makes full assessment difficult","Standard infringement/penalty notice framework is well-established in Victorian law, reducing novelty","Affects a specific industry sector, limiting its general applicability"],"plain_english_summary":"This regulation creates an on-the-spot infringement notice system for Victoria’s commercial passenger vehicle industry (taxis, rideshare and hire cars). It lets authorised officers issue penalty notices for breaches of the Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act, with set fine amounts, so enforcement is quicker and more practical. Affected drivers, operators and platform providers can pay, dispute, or have matters go to court."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Regulations continue to prescribe infringement offences and penalties, but Schedule 1 has been amended repeatedly (see Endnotes: Sch.1 amended by S.R. Nos 85/2018, 162/2019, 122/2020, 66/2022, 100/2023, 154/2025) to add or modify listed items. Regulation 7 was revoked (see reg. notes). The framework for converting penalty units to dollar amounts is set out in the Explanatory details and depends on Treasurer determinations under the Monetary Units Act 2004."},"complexity_factors":["Simple statutory form: a short regulation with a Schedule that maps offences to penalty unit amounts (regs 5–6, Schedule 1).","Extensive cross‑references to the Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017 and to provisions of the Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Regulations 2018 (Schedule 1 lists many Act sections and regulation clauses).","Penalty amounts expressed in penalty units, requiring application of the Sentencing Act 1991 and the Monetary Units Act 2004 to convert to dollars (Explanatory details).","Multiple subsequent amendments and a revocation noted in endnotes and Table of Amendments, requiring readers to check consolidated Schedule 1 for current scope.","Use of codes and item numbering (including inserted items like 17AA, 17AAB) increases bookkeeping detail though not doctrinal complexity."],"plain_english_summary":"These Regulations prescribe which offences under the Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017 (and related regulations) can be dealt with by infringement notices and set the penalty for each listed offence in penalty units (regs 5–6; Schedule 1). They affect commercial passenger vehicle industry participants named in those provisions. The monetary amount of each penalty is calculated by multiplying the listed penalty units by the annual penalty‑unit value set under the Monetary Units Act (Explanatory details)."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The regulations remain tightly focused on their original purpose: prescribing infringement offences and penalties for the commercial passenger vehicle industry. While Schedule 1 has grown from the original 17 items to 47 items through amendments (adding offences for new regulatory requirements like wheelchair accessible vehicle rules and booking service obligations), this represents natural expansion within the existing framework rather than scope creep into unrelated areas."},"complexity_factors":["Minimal operative provisions—only 6 regulations plus a schedule","Single defined term ('the Act')","Straightforward tabular format for offences and penalties in Schedule 1","No nested conditional logic or complex cross-referencing beyond simple section references","Mechanical operation: regulations simply point to offences in the parent Act and sister regulations, prescribing fixed penalty amounts","Amendment history shows incremental addition of items to Schedule 1 (now 47 items) but structure remains simple"],"plain_english_summary":"These regulations set out the fines (called 'infringement penalties') for breaking rules in Victoria's commercial passenger vehicle industry—this covers taxis, hire cars, and ride-share services like Uber.\n\n**What it does:**\n- Lists specific offences under the Commercial Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017 and related regulations that can be dealt with by issuing an infringement notice (a fine) rather than going to court.\n- Sets the dollar amount for each fine by referring to 'penalty units' (a standard way of calculating fines in Victorian law—currently one penalty unit equals $203.51).\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- Drivers of taxis, hire cars, and ride-share vehicles.\n- Booking service providers (the apps and companies that take bookings).\n- Vehicle owners and operators in the industry.\n\n**Key offences covered include:**\n- Operating without proper accreditation or registration.\n- Failing to display required signs or information.\n- Not complying with safety or conduct requirements.\n- Failing to keep proper records or provide information to the regulator.\n\n**Why it matters:**\nInstead of dragging every minor breach through the courts, authorised officers can issue on-the-spot fines. This keeps enforcement efficient while ensuring there are clear financial consequences for breaking industry rules. The regulations are updated periodically to add new offences or adjust penalties as the industry evolves (for example, adding rules for new technologies or services)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-vehicle-industry-infringements-regulations-2018","history":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-vehicle-industry-infringements-regulations-2018/history","analysis":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-vehicle-industry-infringements-regulations-2018/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-vehicle-industry-infringements-regulations-2018/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-vehicle-industry-infringements-regulations-2018/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-vehicle-industry-infringements-regulations-2018/documents"}}