{"id":"commercial-passenger-road-transport-limousines-regulations-2003","name":"COMMERCIAL PASSENGER (ROAD) TRANSPORT (LIMOUSINES) REGULATIONS 2003","slug":"commercial-passenger-road-transport-limousines-regulations-2003","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"nt","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":174451,"registerId":"nt-commercial-passenger-road-transport-limousines-regulations-2003-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"COMMERCIAL PASSENGER (ROAD) TRANSPORT (LIMOUSINES) REGULATIONS 2003","content":"NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA\nCOMMERCIAL PASSENGER (ROAD) TRANSPORT (LIMOUSINES)\nREGULATIONS 2003\nAs in force at 21 January 2026\nTable of provisions\n1 Citation ............................................................................................ 1\n2 Commencement .............................................................................. 1\n3 Definitions ........................................................................................ 1\n4 Operator to maintain records ........................................................... 1\n5 Operator to furnish information ........................................................ 2\n8 Plying for hire prohibited .................................................................. 2\n9 Hiring to be pre-booked ................................................................... 2\n10 No touting or soliciting ..................................................................... 2\n12 Parking of limousine ........................................................................ 3\n14 Purchase of intoxicating liquor ......................................................... 3\n15 Driver to have identity card or approved form of identification ......... 3\n16 Fees ................................................................................................ 4\nSchedule Fee\nENDNOTES\n\n\n\nNORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA\n____________________\nAs in force at 21 January 2026\n____________________\nCOMMERCIAL PASSENGER (ROAD) TRANSPORT (LIMOUSINES)\nREGULATIONS 2003\nRegulations under the Commercial Passenger (Road) Transport\nAct 1991\n1 Citation\nThese Regulations may be cited as the Commercial Passenger\n(Road) Transport (Limousines) Regulations 2003.\n2 Commencement\nThese Regulations come into operation on the commencement of\nPart 5AA of the Commercial Passenger (Road) Transport Act 1991.\n3 Definitions\nIn these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears:\ndriver means the person driving or in charge of a limousine.\noperator means a person who operates a limousine otherwise than\nonly as a driver.\npublic place includes any place to which the public are admitted on\npayment of a fee or charge.\n4 Operator to maintain records\n(1) An operator must make a written record of:\n(a) the dates and times during which the limousine is operated for\nthe carriage of passengers;\n(b) the full name and residential address of the driver during those\nperiods and the number of the driver's licence issued to him or\nher under the Motor Vehicles Act 1949;\n(c) every booking and hiring made by the limousine; and\n\nCommercial Passenger (Road) Transport (Limousines) Regulations 2003 2\n(d) any other matter that the Director requires as a condition of\nthe operator's licence.\nMaximum penalty: 60 penalty units.\n(2) An operator must ensure that the record referred to in\nsubregulation (1):\n(a) is kept in a safe place at the principal place of business of the\noperator; and\n(b) is produced whenever required by an inspector.\nMaximum penalty: 60 penalty units.\n5 Operator to furnish information\nAn operator must, whenever requested by the Director to do so,\nfurnish to the Director within the time specified by the Director full\nand correct information of any details specified in the request\nrelating to journeys undertaken by the limousine.\nMaximum penalty: 60penalty units.\n8 Plying for hire prohibited\nA person must not use a limousine for the purpose of standing or\nplying for hire.\nMaximum penalty: 25 penalty units.\n9 Hiring to be pre-booked\n(1) A person must not use a limousine (whether as a driver or a\npassenger) for a hiring unless the journey is pre-booked with the\noperator.\nMaximum penalty: 25 penalty units.\n(2) An operator is not compelled to accept a hiring for the limousine.\n10 No touting or soliciting\nA person must not tout or solicit for passengers for a limousine.\nMaximum penalty: 25 penalty units.\n\nCommercial Passenger (Road) Transport (Limousines) Regulations 2003 3\n12 Parking of limousine\n(1) A driver must not park or stand the limousine on a road or a public\nplace or on a lot off a road or public place unless the parking or\nstanding is for the purposes of:\n(a) picking up or setting down passengers;\n(b) waiting under the instructions of a passenger; or\n(c) by direction or with the consent of an inspector,\nbut only if the parking or standing of the limousine is otherwise\nlawful.\nMaximum penalty: 25 penalty units.\n(2) Subregulation (1) does not apply if the limousine is parked on a lot\napproved as a lot for the limousine.\n14 Purchase of intoxicating liquor\n(1) An operator or a driver must not accept a hiring under which the\ndriver is required to purchase intoxicating liquor for or on behalf of\nanother person whether or not that other person is a passenger.\nMaximum penalty: 25 penalty units.\n(2) A driver must not in the course of a hiring of the limousine purchase\nintoxicating liquor for or on behalf of a passenger.\nMaximum penalty: 25 penalty units.\n15 Driver to have identity card or approved form of identification\n(1) For section 74 of the Act, a limousine is a prescribed class of\ncommercial passenger vehicle.\n(2) An identity card issued under section 74(1)(a) of the Act to a driver\nis to:\n(a) display the name of the driver;\n(b) display a recent photograph of the driver;\n(c) specify the expiry date of the card; and\n(d) indicate that the holder of the card is authorised to drive a\nlimousine.\n\nCommercial Passenger (Road) Transport (Limousines) Regulations 2003 4\n(3) A driver must:\n(a) carry the driver's identity card mentioned in subregulation (2)\nor other form of identification approved by the Director under\nsection 74(10) of the Act while driving the limousine; and\n(b) produce that identity card or other approved form of\nidentification when requested by a passenger or an inspector.\nMaximum penalty: 30 penalty units.\n16 Fees\nA fee specified in the Schedule is payable for the matter specified\nopposite the fee.\n\nSchedule Fee\nCommercial Passenger (Road) Transport (Limousines) Regulations 2003 5\nSchedule Fee\nregulation 16\n$\n1. Annual fee for a limousine licence 300\n2. Application for a refund on surrender of a limousine licence 20\n\nENDNOTES\nCommercial Passenger (Road) Transport (Limousines) Regulations 2003 6\nENDNOTES\n1 KEY Key to abbreviations\namd = amended od = order\napp = appendix om = omitted\nbl = by-law pt = Part\nch = Chapter r = regulation/rule\ncl = clause rem = remainder\ndiv = Division renum = renumbered\nexp = expires/expired rep = repealed\nf = forms s = section\nGaz = Gazette sch = Schedule\nhdg = heading sdiv = Subdivision\nins = inserted SL = Subordinate Legislation\nlt = long title sub = substituted\nnc = not commenced\n2 LIST OF LEGISLATION\nLimousine Regulations (SL No. 39, 2003)\nNotified 1 August 2003\nCommenced 1 August 2003 (r 2, s 2 Commercial Passenger (Road)\nTransport Amendment Act (No. 2) 2003 (Act No. 40, 2003)\nand Gaz G30, 30 July 2003, p 13)\nFees and Charges (Transport) Amendment Regulations 2012 (SL No. 45, 2012)\nNotified 14 December 2012\nCommenced 1 January 2013 (r 2)\nPenalties Amendment (Miscellaneous) Act 2013 (Act No. 23, 2013)\nAssent date 12 July 2013\nCommenced 28 August 2013 (Gaz G35, 28 August 2013, p 2)\nCommercial Passenger Vehicle Legislation Amendment Regulations 2017\n(SL No. 34, 2017)\nNotified 29 November 2017\nCommenced 1 December 2017 (r 2)\nStatute Law Amendment (Territory Economic Reconstruction) Act 2022 (Act No. 5,\n2022)\nAssent date 14 April 2022\nCommenced pt 7: 25 May 2023 (Gaz G11, 25 May 2023, p 2);\nrem: 25 May 2022 (Gaz G21, 25 May 2022, p 1)\nTransport Legislation Amendment Act 2025 (Act No. 23, 2025)\nAssent date 12 September 2025\nCommenced pts 2, 4, 5 and 6: 21 January 2026 (Gaz S5,\n19 January 2026); rem: 18 November 2025 (Gaz S69,\n17 November 2025)\n\nENDNOTES\nCommercial Passenger (Road) Transport (Limousines) Regulations 2003 7\n3 GENERAL AMENDMENTS\nGeneral amendments of a formal nature (which are not referred to in the table\nof amendments to this reprint) are made by the Interpretation Legislation\nAmendment Act 2018 (Act No. 22 of 2018) to: rr 1, 2 and 4.\n4 LIST OF AMENDMENTS\nr 1 amd Act No. 23, 2025, s 66\nr 4 amd Act No. 23, 2013, s 4; No. 34, 2017, r 13\nr 5 amd Act No. 23, 2013, s 4; No. 34, 2017, r 14\nrr 6 – 7 amd Act No. 23, 2013, s 4\nrep No. 34, 2017, r 15\nrr 8 – 10 amd Act No. 23, 2013, s 4\nr 11 amd Act No. 23, 2013, s 4\nrep No. 34, 2017, r 15\nr 12 amd Act No. 23, 2013, s 4\nr 13 amd Act No. 23, 2013, s 4\nrep No. 34, 2017, r 15\nr 14 amd Act No. 23, 2013, s 4\nr 15 amd Act No. 23, 2013, s 4; No. 34, 2017, r 16; Act No. 5, 2022, s 69\nsch amd No. 45, 2012, r 6; No. 34, 2017, r 17","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The instrument remains focused on regulating the operation of limousines: record‑keeping, pre‑booking, bans on plying and soliciting, parking limits, driver ID and modest licence fees. Amendments listed in the endnotes and reprints update penalties, fees, and formal references but do not materially broaden the subject matter beyond the original regulatory focus on limousine operations and operator/driver obligations."},"complexity_factors":["Short instrument: 16 regulations plus Schedule","Small number of defined terms in instrument (driver, operator, public place) (r 3)","Multiple offences with different penalty maxima (25, 30, 60 penalty units) across provisions (rr 4, 8–15)","Cross‑references to other Acts and provisions (Commercial Passenger (Road) Transport Act 1991 s 74; Motor Vehicles Act 1949)","Director and inspector discretion to request additional information and approve alternative ID (r 4(1)(d), r 5, r 15(3))","Conditional parking exceptions (approved lots) and conditional allowances (pick‑up/set‑down, passenger instruction) create simple but important exceptions (r 12)","Fee schedule is small and fixed (Sch)","Amendment history present but changes appear to be procedural/fee/penalty updates rather than structural, so few nested exceptions or labyrinthine cross‑references"],"plain_english_summary":"**What these Regulations do (mechanically)**\n\n- Set mandatory record‑keeping and information duties for limousine operators (regulation 4; regulation 5).\n- Prohibit limousines from standing or plying for hire, and require limo hires to be pre‑booked with an operator (regulations 8 and 9).  Operators are not forced to accept any booking (r 9(2)).\n- Ban touting or soliciting passengers for limousines (regulation 10).\n- Restrict where and why a limousine may park or stand on a public road, public place or off‑road lot; parking is allowed only for set‑down/pick‑up, waiting at a passenger’s instruction, or under an inspector’s direction (regulation 12).  There is an exception where a lot is approved for limousine parking (r 12(2)).\n- Prohibit a driver or operator from accepting a booking that requires the driver to buy alcohol for someone, and prohibit drivers buying alcohol for passengers while hired (regulation 14).\n- Prescribe that limousines are a class of commercial passenger vehicle for the Act’s identity‑card rules, set minimum content for a driver identity card, and require drivers to carry and produce the card or an approved alternative when asked by a passenger or inspector (regulation 15).\n- Require payment of fees set in the Schedule (regulation 16 and Schedule: $300 annual licence fee; $20 refund application fee).\n\n**Who is affected**\n\n- Limousine operators (people who operate limousines other than only as drivers): must keep records, provide information to the Director on request, pay licence fees and can choose whether to accept bookings (rr 4, 5, 9, Sch).\n- Drivers: must carry and produce identity cards or Director‑approved ID while driving, must not purchase intoxicating liquor for others in the course of a hiring, and must follow the parking rules (rr 12, 14, 15).\n- Passengers: hires must be pre‑booked; they may request to see a driver’s ID (r 9(1), r 15(3)).\n- The Director and authorised inspectors: can request records and information, approve alternative ID, and direct parking (rr 4, 5, 12, 15).\n\n**Penalties and enforcement (mechanics)**\n\n- Breaches attract set maximum penalties (expressed in penalty units): record‑keeping or production failures (60 penalty units) (r 4); most operational prohibitions (e.g. plying for hire, touting, pre‑booking breach, parking breach, alcohol purchase) attract up to 25 penalty units (rr 8–12, 14); failing to carry/produce ID attracts up to 30 penalty units (r 15(3)).  Inspectors may require production of records maintained at the operator’s principal place of business (r 4(2)).\n\n**Why this matters (stated purpose and practical effects)**\n\nThe instrument fixes operational rules for limousines: it channels bookings through pre‑arranged arrangements, requires documentation and ID, restricts on‑street solicitation and parking, and imposes modest licence fees.  The stated legal mechanisms are designed to make limousines traceable (records and ID), to separate them from taxi‑style on‑street hailing (ban on plying and touting), and to manage safety/behavioural risks (alcohol purchase ban).\n\n**Costs, incentives and likely behavioural effects (mechanisms, with provisions cited)**\n\n- Compliance costs: record‑keeping and secure storage at the operator’s principal place of business (r 4(1)–(2)) and producing information when the Director requires it (r 5) impose administrative time and filing costs on operators.  The $300 annual licence fee and $20 refund application fee are an explicit financial cost (r 16, Schedule).\n\n- Market and competition effects: prohibitions on plying for hire and soliciting (rr 8, 10) and the pre‑booking requirement (r 9(1)) reduce the ability of drivers to obtain spontaneous fares.  That shifts demand toward operators who manage bookings and can disadvantage ad‑hoc or on‑street providers.  The operator’s ability to refuse bookings (r 9(2)) preserves operator discretion over acceptance.\n\n- Operational risk and enforcement: the rules rely on active inspection and Director requests for information (rr 4–5, 12), so effective enforcement requires resourcing of inspectors.  Director discretion to require additional particulars or approve alternative ID (r 4(1)(d), r 5, r 15(3)) creates variability in compliance expectations over time.\n\n- Customer substitution and pricing: restricting street‑hailing may increase wait times for customers looking for immediate hire and could shift customers toward taxis, rideshare or pre‑booked services; operators with booking systems gain scale advantages.  The Regulations do not fix fares, but reduced incidental supply can indirectly affect price and availability.\n\n- Safety and consumer information: mandatory ID on drivers (r 15(2)–(3)) increases the capacity for passengers and inspectors to verify driver identity while the alcohol purchase prohibition (r 14) limits one class of potentially risky or liability‑creating behaviour during hires.\n\n**Who pays and who decides**\n\n- Operators pay the licence fees and bear the record‑keeping and compliance costs (r 16; r 4).  Drivers bear the obligation to carry ID and observe parking and alcohol rules (rr 12, 14, 15).  The Director and inspectors decide what additional record details are required, the timing for information requests, and approval of alternative ID (rr 4(d), 5, 15(3)).\n\n**Trade‑offs, implementation risks and unintended consequences (mechanistic description)**\n\n- Trade‑off: stronger traceability and limits on unregulated street‑hailing (benefit to regulators, other operators and possibly passengers) versus increased compliance costs for operators and reduced ability for ad‑hoc drivers to find work (r 4, rr 8–10).\n- Implementation risk: the rules are only effective if inspectors and the Director actively exercise information‑gathering and parking‑direction powers (rr 4–5, 12).  If enforcement is thin, compliance incentives fall.\n- Substitution effects: where immediate hire is valuable, customers may shift to taxis or platform ride services; drivers may shift away from limousines toward services that allow looser pickup rules.\n\n**Concrete citation of key provisions**: record‑keeping and production (r 4); furnishing information to Director (r 5); plying for hire prohibited (r 8); hiring must be pre‑booked (r 9); touting/soliciting prohibited (r 10); parking limits (r 12); alcohol purchase limits (r 14); identity card requirements (r 15); fees (r 16 and Schedule)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation remains tightly focused on its original purpose of regulating limousine services separately from other commercial passenger vehicles. While amendments have updated penalty amounts, record-keeping requirements, and fees over time, the core scope — pre-booked luxury transport with restrictions on street operation — has not expanded beyond its original intent. The repeal of several regulations (rr 6, 7, 11, 13) in 2017 actually narrowed the regulatory footprint rather than expanding it."},"complexity_factors":["Only 16 regulations total, with 6 regulations (rr 6, 7, 11, 13) repealed, leaving just 10 substantive provisions","Only 3 defined terms in regulation 3: 'driver', 'operator', and 'public place'","Minimal cross-referencing — only references to the parent Act (Commercial Passenger (Road) Transport Act 1991) for identity card provisions and commencement","Simple conditional structure with straightforward prohibitions and requirements","No nested exceptions — only one simple exception in regulation 12(2) regarding approved parking lots","Penalty provisions are uniform and clearly stated (25, 30, or 60 penalty units)","Schedule contains only 2 fee items"],"plain_english_summary":"These are Northern Territory rules that specifically regulate **limousine services** — luxury vehicles for hire that are different from regular taxis or rideshares.\n\n**What it does:**\nThe regulations set out how limousine operators and drivers must behave, what records they must keep, and what they are forbidden from doing.\n\n**Key rules include:**\n- **No street hailing:** Limousines cannot \"ply for hire\" (wait on streets for random customers like taxis do) or tout for passengers. All trips must be **pre-booked** with the operator beforehand.\n- **Record keeping:** Operators must keep written records of when the limousine is used, who was driving (including their licence details), and every booking made. These records must be stored safely at the business premises and shown to inspectors when requested.\n- **Parking restrictions:** Drivers can only park or wait in public places to pick up or drop off pre-booked passengers, wait for a passenger who instructed them to wait, or if directed by an inspector. Otherwise, they need to park on an approved lot.\n- **No buying alcohol:** Drivers cannot be required to — and cannot — purchase alcohol for passengers during a hire.\n- **ID requirements:** Drivers must carry an identity card (with photo, name, expiry date, and authorisation details) or other approved ID, and show it to passengers or inspectors when asked.\n- **Fees:** Operators pay an annual licence fee of $300 and a $20 fee if they surrender their licence and want a refund.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- Limousine operators (business owners)\n- Limousine drivers\n- Passengers using limousine services in the Northern Territory\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThese rules distinguish limousines from taxis. Unlike taxis, limousines cannot pick up passengers off the street — they must be booked in advance. This maintains the premium, pre-arranged nature of limousine services while ensuring accountability through record-keeping and identification requirements."},"summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The regulations were originally made in 2003 and have since undergone at least 8 reprints (Reprint No. REPC060R8), strongly suggesting the scope and content have evolved considerably from the original instrument — likely reflecting changes in the transport industry, technology, and regulatory priorities over two decades."},"complexity_factors":["Regulations sit beneath a parent Act, requiring cross-referencing to fully understand the legal framework","Industry-specific technical standards (vehicle safety, licensing criteria) can be detailed","Multiple affected parties — operators, drivers, regulators — each with distinct obligations","Long operational history since 2003 means multiple amendments and reprints may have altered original content significantly","Limited information provided in the excerpt makes it difficult to assess full scope and complexity of provisions","Interaction with broader transport law, licensing schemes, and potentially federal road rules adds layers"],"plain_english_summary":"These regulations set the operational rules for commercial limousine hire services, covering licensing, driver and vehicle standards, insurance, record‑keeping and conduct. They apply to limousine operators, drivers, passengers and regulators.\n\nThey matter because they translate the parent Act into practical obligations—ensuring safety, consumer protection and regulatory compliance—and non‑compliance can lead to fines or loss of licence."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-road-transport-limousines-regulations-2003","history":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-road-transport-limousines-regulations-2003/history","analysis":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-road-transport-limousines-regulations-2003/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-road-transport-limousines-regulations-2003/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-road-transport-limousines-regulations-2003/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/commercial-passenger-road-transport-limousines-regulations-2003/documents"}}