{"id":"F2007L04661","name":"Civil Aviation Order 100.28 Instrument 2007","slug":"civil-aviation-order-100-28-instrument-2007","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":71022,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2007L04661-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Civil Aviation Order 100.28 Instrument 2007","content":"> Note: Civil Aviation Order 100.28 Instrument 2007\n\nas amended\n\nmade under regulation 33B of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988.\n\nThis compilation was prepared on 23 September 2013 taking into account amendments up to Civil Aviation Order 100.28 Amendment Instrument 2013 (No. 1).\n\nPrepared by the Legislative Drafting Section, Legal Branch, Legal Services Division, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Canberra.\n\nContents\n\nPage\n\n1 Name of instrument\n\n2 Commencement\n\n3 New Civil Aviation Order 100.28\n\nSchedule 1 Civil Aviation Order 100.28.................................1\n\n1 Requirements for issue\n\n2 Application for authority\n\n3 Examination\n\n4 Re-examination\n\n5 Issue of authority\n\n6 Period of validity\n\n7 Renewal of authority\n\nAppendix 1............................................................3\n\nNotes to Civil Aviation Order 100.28 Instrument 2007\n\n1 Name of instrument\n\nThis instrument is the Civil Aviation Order 100.28 Instrument 2007.\n\n2 Commencement\n\nThis instrument commences on the day after it is registered.\n\n3 New Civil Aviation Order 100.28\n\nCivil Aviation Order 100.28 is repealed and a new Civil Aviation Order 100.28 substituted as set out in Schedule 1.\n\nSchedule 1 Civil Aviation Order 100.28\n\nAircraft weight control authority\n\n> Note: This Civil Aviation Order is to be read in conjunction with Civil Aviation Order 100.23.\n\n1 Requirements for issue\n\n1.1 An applicant for an authority issued under this Civil Aviation Order must submit satisfactory evidence that:\n\n(a) he or she has been adequately trained for the purpose; and\n\n(b) he or she has had adequate recent practical experience of the duties to be performed in relation to the authority; and\n\n(c) he or she has passed such examinations in relation to the authority as are required or approved for the purpose.\n\n1.2 An applicant for the issue of an authority is taken to meet the requirements of subparagraph 1.1 (a) if the applicant:\n\n(a) has completed a tertiary qualification in a relevant engineering discipline; and\n\n(b) is eligible for Graduate Membership of Engineers Australia in the Professional Engineer occupational category.\n\n2 Application for authority\n\n2.1 Application for the issue or extension of an aircraft weight control authority must be made to CASA on Form 377.\n\n3 Examination\n\n3.1 An applicant will be examined in accordance with the syllabus specified in Appendix I of this Order.\n\n3.2 A candidate must achieve a minimum mark of 75% to pass the examination, except that where a candidate fails to satisfactorily answer particular questions specified in the question paper, the candidate will be failed irrespective of the total marks achieved.\n\n> Note Examination results will be notified direct to the candidate by CASA.\n\n4 Re-examination\n\n4.1 An applicant who fails an examination may be permitted to attempt the written examination again. The Director reserves the right to determine a minimum period prior to the applicant’s further examination and, where considered necessary, require evidence that the applicant has received additional training of a nature acceptable to the Director.\n\n5 Issue of authority\n\n5.1 An aircraft weight control authority will be issued to an applicant who has complied with the requirements of this Order.\n\n5.2 The Director may issue an authority endorsed with such limitations as he considers necessary.\n\n6 Period of validity\n\n6.1 An aircraft weight control authority is valid for a period of 2 years.\n\n7 Renewal of authority\n\n7.1 Application for the renewal of an aircraft weight control authority must be made on Form 359, and an authority issued without further examination, provided the holder produces acceptable evidence that he or she has maintained proficiency and familiarity with the methods of aircraft weight control applicable to the authority held.\n\nAppendix I\n\nSyllabus for aircraft weight control authority\n\n1 General\n\n1.1 Documents — Relevant Civil Aviation Orders; Aircraft Weighing Summary; Flight Manuals; Load Data Sheets; Loading Systems; Certificates of Airworthiness; Aircraft Manufacturer’s data relative to weight control and preparation of aircraft for weighing; Record of Alterations.\n\n1.2 Weight Control Officer — responsibilities and privileges — preparation and approval of loading data — procedure for amendment of flight manual loading information.\n\n1.3 Terms — datum; empty weight, operating weight, maximum take-off weight, ramp weight, maximum landing weight, zero fuel weight; specific gravity; loading system; fixed equipment, removable equipment; centre of gravity, centre of gravity limits; mean aerodynamic chord; unusable fuel and oil.\n\n1.4 Principles and purpose of weight control; periodic reweighing of aircraft.\n\n1.5 The Principle of Moments — arm; moment; moment index; constant.\n\n1.6 Conversion Factors — Imperial to SI units, for length and mass; Imperial and USA to SI units, for liquid volume.\n\n2 Equipment and control\n\n2.1 Plumb-bobs and levels — uses and serviceability checks.\n\n2.2 Scales — types; accuracy, repeatability and calibration requirements; precautions during transport and operation.\n\n2.3 Preparation of aircraft — jacking and slinging, fuel tank draining procedure and fire precautions; equipment lists.\n\n2.4 Consecutive and independent weighing requirements; permissible discrepancies between weighings, factors that affect accuracy of weighing.\n\n3 Weight and balance calculations\n\n3.1 Basic principles of calculations involving plus and minus quantities.\n\n3.2 Empty weight — method of determination; typical deductions and additions; standard weights for engine fuel, oil, passengers and crew.\n\n3.3 Moment index — calculations for weights fore and aft of datum.\n\n3.4 Empty weight c.g. — method of determination; conversion of c.g. position expressed in distance from datum, to a percentage of M.A.C. and vice versa.\n\n3.5 Compilation of Aircraft Weighing Summary and Load Data Sheet.\n\n4 Weight and balance extreme conditions\n\n4.1 Determination of weight and balance extreme conditions.\n\n4.2 Loading System — cockpit and compartment placards; loading graphs and tables for disposable load; allowable weight — moment, or weight-centre of gravity graphs and tables; floor plans.\n\n4.3 Uses of fixed and disposable ballast.\n\n5 Weight control in service\n\n5.1 Record of Alterations form — purpose; compilation.\n\n5.2 Reweighing requirements.\n\n \n> Notes to \n\n> Note: Civil Aviation Order 100.28 Instrument 2007\n\n> Note 1\n\n> Note: The Civil Aviation Order 100.28 Instrument 2007 (in force under the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988) as shown in this compilation comprises Civil Aviation Order 100.28 Instrument 2007 amended as indicated in the Tables below.\n\n> Note: > Note: Table of Orders\n\n| Year andnumber | Date of notificationin Gazette/registration on FRLI | Date ofcommencement | Application, saving ortransitional provisions |\n| -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |\n| CAO 100.28 Instrument 2007 | 17 December 2007 (see F2007L04661) | 18 December 2007 (see s. 2) | |\n| CAO 100.28 2013 No. 1 | FRLI 19 September 2013 (see F2013L01711) | 20 September 2013 (see s. 2) | |\n\n```html\n

Table of Amendments

ad. = added or inserted am. = amended rep. = repealed rs.= repealed and substituted

Provision affected

How affected

subs. 1...............

am. CAO 100.28 2013 (No. 1)

subs. 2...............

am. CAO 100.28 2013 (No. 1)

subs. 3...............

am. CAO 100.28 2013 (No. 1)

\n```","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"This instrument expressly repeals and substitutes Civil Aviation Order 100.28 (s.3) and the compilation records amendments up to 2013 (Table of Amendments). The current text sets out the qualification pathway, examination standard, administrative forms, a two‑year validity, and renewal on evidence of maintained proficiency (see ss.1–7 and Appendix I). Those provisions define the operative scope of the weight control authority regime under the replacement Order."},"complexity_factors":["Technical subject matter and detailed syllabus for weight-and-balance work (Appendix I) — requires domain knowledge in engineering, measurements and aircraft data.","Examination rules: minimum 75% pass mark plus automatic failure for certain unanswered questions (s.3.2) — introduces binary pass/fail mechanics beyond aggregate scoring.","Director discretion over re-examination timing, required additional training, and authority limitations (s.4.1; s.5.2) — creates administrative uncertainty for applicants.","Administrative procedures and forms: applications on Form 377 and renewals on Form 359; renewal may be granted without further exam if proficiency evidence is produced (s.2.1; s.7.1) — imposes documentary compliance.","Short validity and renewal cadence: authorities valid for 2 years (s.6.1) — increases recurring compliance frequency and monitoring.","Interplay with other instruments: to be read with Civil Aviation Order 100.23 (heading note) — requires cross-referencing other regulatory material.","Operational and equipment requirements in the syllabus (scales, jacking, calibration, record-keeping; Appendix I, parts 2 and 5) — imposes practical accuracy and maintenance obligations on personnel and operators."],"plain_english_summary":"Sets the rules for issuing and renewing an aircraft weight control authority: who may qualify, required training and recent experience, examinations and pass mark, application forms, validity period and the Director’s power to limit authorities (see ss.1–7 and Appendix I). It affects individuals who perform aircraft weight-and-balance duties because it creates training, testing and record-keeping obligations and regular renewal costs and gives CASA administrative discretion over issuance and conditions."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation maintains its original narrow purpose of regulating aircraft weight control authorities. The 2013 amendments appear to be minor technical updates to sections 1-3 (requirements, application, and examination) rather than expansion into new areas. The instrument remains tightly focused on certification and competency standards for this specific aviation safety role."},"complexity_factors":["Straightforward procedural structure with 7 numbered sections plus an appendix","Minimal cross-referencing — only refers to Civil Aviation Order 100.23 and standard CASA forms (377 and 359)","No nested exceptions or conditional logic beyond basic eligibility criteria","Single appendix containing a technical syllabus — detailed but not legally complex","Only 3 defined terms implied through usage (authority, Director, CASA) — no dedicated interpretation section","Amendment history shows minor updates (2013) to sections 1-3, indicating stable, narrow scope"],"plain_english_summary":"This instrument creates a formal Australian licence for Aircraft Weight Control Officers — the people who weigh aircraft and calculate centre of gravity. It sets applicant eligibility, required training and a 75%‑pass written exam, and lets CASA issue, condition and renew two‑year authorities.\n\nIt affects prospective officers, operators who rely on certified loading, and CASA, and matters because correct weight/balance is critical to flight safety."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/civil-aviation-order-100-28-instrument-2007","history":"/api/acts/civil-aviation-order-100-28-instrument-2007/history","analysis":"/api/acts/civil-aviation-order-100-28-instrument-2007/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/civil-aviation-order-100-28-instrument-2007/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/civil-aviation-order-100-28-instrument-2007/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/civil-aviation-order-100-28-instrument-2007/documents"}}