{"id":"F2025L00371","name":"CASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025","slug":"casa-ex14-25-serviceability-of-equipment-under-the-part-91-121-133-and-135-manuals-of-standards-exem","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":442784,"registerId":"F2025L00371-fast-fetch-1775957722922","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-12","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"CASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025","content":"---\nmeta-content-style-type: text/css\nmeta-content-type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8\nmeta-description: Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025\ntitle: CASA EX14/25 (as amended)\n---\n\n?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n\nCASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025\n\nas amended\n\nmade under regulations 11.160 and 11.205 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.\n\nThis compilation was prepared on 20 October 2025 taking into account amendments up to instrument CASA EX81/25 – Serviceability of Equipment (Combination Flight Data and Voice Recorders) (CASA EX14/25) – Amendment Instrument 2025. It is a compilation of CASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025, as amended and in force on 20 October 2025.\n\nPrepared by the Legal Services Branch, Legal, International & Regulatory Affairs Division, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Canberra.\n\nCompilation No. 1.\n\nContents\n\nPage\n\n[1 Name of instrument](#_Toc211847316)\n\n[2 Duration](#_Toc211847317)\n\n[3 Definitions](#_Toc211847318)\n\n[4 Application](#_Toc211847319)\n\n[Part 1 — Part 91 of CASR](#_Toc211847320)\n\n[5 Exemptions — Part 91 of CASR and the Part 91 MOS](#_Toc211847321)\n\n[5A Exemptions — Flight recording equipment: Part 91 operations](#_Toc211847322)\n\n[Part 2 — Part 121 of CASR](#_Toc211847323)\n\n[6 Exemptions — Part 121 of CASR and the Part 121 MOS](#_Toc211847324)\n\n[6A Exemptions — Flight recording equipment: Part 121 operations](#_Toc211847325)\n\n[Part 3 — Part 133 of CASR](#_Toc211847326)\n\n[7 Exemptions — Part 133 of CASR and the Part 133 MOS](#_Toc211847327)\n\n[7A Exemptions — Flight recording equipment: Part 133 operations](#_Toc211847328)\n\n[Part 4 — Part 135 of CASR](#_Toc211847329)\n\n[8 Exemptions — Part 135 of CASR and the Part 135 MOS](#_Toc211847330)\n\n[8A Exemptions — Flight recording equipment: Part 135 operations](#_Toc211847331)\n\n[Note to CASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025](#_Toc211847332)\n\n1 Name of instrument\n\n This instrument is CASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025.\n\n2 Duration\n\n This instrument:\n\n(b) is repealed at the end of 28 February 2027.\n\n3 Definitions\n\n (1) Subject to subsection (2), in this instrument, words and phrases have the same meaning as in the` CASR Dictionary.\n\n (2) In this instrument:\n\nPart 91 MOS means the Part 91 (General Operating and Flight Rules) Manual of Standards 2020.\n\nPart 121 MOS means the Part 121 (Australian Air Transport Operations—Larger Aeroplanes) Manual of Standards 2020.\n\nPart 133 MOS means the Part 133 (Australian Air Transport Operations—Rotorcraft) Manual of Standards 2020.\n\nPart 135 MOS means the Part 135 (Australian Air Transport Operations—Smaller Aeroplanes) Manual of Standards 2020.\n\n4 Application\n\n This instrument applies according to its terms to the operator and the pilot in command of an aircraft for a relevant flight of a kind mentioned in the instrument.\n\nPart 1 — Part 91 of CASR\n\n5 Exemptions — Part 91 of CASR and the Part 91 MOS\n\n The operator, and the pilot in command, of an aircraft in an operation to which Part 91 of CASR applies are each exempted from compliance with subregulation 91.810(2) of CASR but:\n\n(a) only to the extent of section 26.04 of the Part 91 MOS in its application to a provision specified in an item of column 1 of the following Table; and\n\nNote In general terms, the requirement under section 26.04 is that the relevant equipment must be operative.\n\n(b) subject to compliance with the conditions mentioned in the same item in column 2; and\n\n(c) only until the end of the specified number of calendar days after the day the relevant equipment was found to be inoperative, as mentioned in the same item in column 2.\n\nNote 1 To assist readers, the relevant equipment to which a provision relates is mentioned in parenthesis in column 1 of the Table. But for the exemption, section 26.04 of the Part 91 MOS would require the relevant equipment to be operative.\n\nNote 2 In effect, the inoperative relevant equipment must be repaired within the specified number of calendar days. A calendar day is any day of the week, including a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday.\n\n| Item | Column 1
Part 91 MOS provision | Column 2
Conditions and duration |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | Subsection 26.41(3)
(Flight crew intercommunications system — IFR flights) | The aircraft must begin the flight with at least 2 pilots. Each assigned flight crew member must have an operative headset and microphone that is not of a hand-held type. The approved minimum equipment list (the MEL) for the aircraft must permit the aircraft to begin a flight with the relevant headsets and microphones inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item.
Note A MEL is approved under regulation 91.935.
3 calendar days. |\n\n\n5A Exemptions — Flight recording equipment: Part 91 operations\n\n Application\n\n (1) The exemption in subsection (2) applies to an aircraft that:\n\n(a) is required, under Division 26.9 of the Part 91 MOS, to be fitted with both 1 FDR and 1 CVR; and\n\n(b) is fitted with at least 1 combination recorder, in accordance with the requirements of section 26.35 of the MOS.\n\n Exemption\n\n (2) The operator, and the pilot in command, of an aircraft in an operation to which Part 91 of CASR applies are each exempted from compliance with subregulation 91.810(2) of CASR:\n\n(a) to the extent that section 26.04 of the Part 91 MOS requires an FDR or a CVR, required to be fitted to an aircraft under Division 26.9 of the MOS, to be operative; and\n\n(b) to the extent that section 26.38 of the MOS does not otherwise permit the equipment to be inoperative; and\n\n(c) only if the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3) or (4) apply.\n\n One FDR or CVR within combination recorder is operative\n\n (3) For paragraph (2)(c), the circumstances are:\n\n(a) the aircraft is fitted with not more than 1 combination recorder; and\n\n(b) the aircraft begins a flight from a departure aerodrome with no facility for an FDR, CVR or combination recorder to be repaired or replaced; and\n\n(c) the combination recorder is inoperative, but the FDR or the CVR within the combination recorder is operative.\n\n (4) For paragraph (2)(c), the circumstances are:\n\n(a) the aircraft is fitted with more than 1 combination recorder; and\n\n(b) the aircraft begins a flight from a departure aerodrome with no facility for an FDR, CVR or combination recorder to be repaired or replaced; and\n\n(c) all of the combination recorders fitted to the aircraft are inoperative, but at least 1 FDR or CVR within one of the combination recorders is operative.\n\n Conditions\n\n (5) The exemption in subsection (2) is subject to the following conditions:\n\n(a) the approved minimum equipment list (MEL) for the aircraft must permit the aircraft to begin a flight with the relevant FDR or CVR within the combination recorder inoperative, under conditions no less prescriptive, including as to duration, than those mentioned in this section;\n\n(b) an inoperative FDR or CVR within a combination recorder fitted to the aircraft, must not have been inoperative for more than 21 calendar days.\n\nNote Section 26.38 of the Part 91 MOS also provides for circumstances in which it is permitted that an FDR, CVR or combination recorder may be inoperative at the beginning of a flight.\n\nPart 2 — Part 121 of CASR\n\n6 Exemptions — Part 121 of CASR and the Part 121 MOS\n\n The operator, and the pilot in command, of an aeroplane operation to which Part 121 of CASR applies are each exempted from compliance with subregulation 121.460(2) of CASR but:\n\n(a) only to the extent of section 11.06 of the Part 121 MOS in its application to a provision specified in an item of column 1 of the following Table; and\n\nNote In general terms, the requirement under section 11.06 is that relevant equipment must be operative.\n\n(b) subject to compliance with the conditions mentioned in the same item in column 2; and\n\n(c) only until the end of the specified number of calendar days after the day the relevant equipment was found to be inoperative, as mentioned in the same item in column 2.\n\nNote 1 To assist readers, the relevant equipment to which a provision relates is mentioned in parenthesis in column 1 of the Table. But for the exemption, section 11.06 of the Part 121 MOS would require the relevant equipment to be operative.\n\nNote 2 In effect, the inoperative relevant equipment must be repaired within the specified number of calendar days. A calendar day is any day of the week, including a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday.\n\n| Item | Column 1
Part 121 MOS provision | Column 2
Conditions and duration |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | Section 11.11
(Equipment to ensure clear view through the windshield — the relevant equipment) | There must be no actual or forecast precipitation within 5 nautical miles of the aerodrome of intended take-off or landing. The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the equipment required to ensure a clear view through the windshield to be inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. Low-visibility operations are not permitted.
Note Low-visibility operations are defined in Part 1 of the CASR Dictionary.
10 calendar days. |\n| 2 | Section 11.16
(Anti-collision lights) | The aeroplane must not be operated at night. The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant anti-collision lights inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. The operator must have operational procedures in its exposition or in the aeroplane MEL for operations on the ground with the anti-collision lights inoperative, including procedures for:
informing ground crew and maintenance personnel when they may, or may not, approach the aeroplane; and the flight crew to determine that it is safe to start the aeroplane engines and taxi the aeroplane.
The procedures under paragraph (c) must be provided to all ground handling and maintenance personnel (relevant personnel) at each airport where the aeroplane would operate. A process must be in place for notifying all relevant personnel that the anti-collision lights are not operating, and that the procedures therefore apply. 3 calendar days. |\n| 3 | Section 11.35
(Data link recorder) | The aeroplane cockpit voice recorder must be operative.
(aa) The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant data link recorder inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item.
21 calendar days. |\n| 4 | Subsection 11.36(2)
(Flight crew intercommunication system — headset and microphone, not hand-held type, for each flight crew member) | The aeroplane must be fitted with operative equipment mentioned in subsection 11.36(1). The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant headsets and microphones inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. 3 calendar days. |\n| 5 | Subsection 11.47(3) but only in relation to items 1 and 2 in Table 11.48 of section 11.48
(Emergency locator transmitters (ELTs)) | The aeroplane operation must be one for which life rafts are NOT required to be carried. The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant ELT inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. The aeroplane must be fitted with, or carry, at least 1 operative ELT. 3 calendar days. |\n| 6 | Subsection 11.47(3) but only in relation to items 3 and 4 in Table 11.48 of section 11.48
(Emergency locator transmitters (ELTs)) | One of the purposes of the aeroplane operation must be to fly the aeroplane to a place for repair, or refitting, of the ELT. The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant ELT inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. The aeroplane operation must be one in which NO passengers of any kind are carried. The aeroplane operation must be one for which life rafts are NOT required to be carried. 3 calendar days. |\n\n\n6A Exemptions — Flight recording equipment: Part 121 operations\n\n Application\n\n (1) The exemption in subsection (2) applies to an aeroplane that:\n\n(a) is required, under Division 7 of Chapter 11 of the Part 121 MOS, to be fitted with both 1 FDR and 1 CVR; and\n\n(b) is fitted with at least 1 combination recorder, in accordance with the requirements of section 11.31 of the MOS.\n\n Exemption\n\n (2) The operator, and the pilot in command, of an aeroplane operation to which Part 121 of CASR applies, are each exempted from compliance with subregulation 121.460(2) of CASR:\n\n(a) to the extent that section 11.06 of the Part 121 MOS requires an FDR or a CVR, required to be fitted to an aeroplane under Division 7 of Chapter 11 of the MOS, to be operative; and\n\n(b) to the extent that section 11.34 of the MOS does not otherwise permit the equipment to be inoperative; and\n\n(c) only if the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3) or (4) apply.\n\n One FDR or CVR within combination recorder is operative\n\n (3) For paragraph (2)(c), the circumstances are:\n\n(a) the aeroplane is fitted with not more than 1 combination recorder; and\n\n(b) the aeroplane begins a flight from a departure aerodrome with no facility for an FDR, CVR or combination recorder to be repaired or replaced; and\n\n(c) the combination recorder is inoperative, but the FDR or the CVR within the combination recorder is operative.\n\n (4) For paragraph (2)(c), the circumstances are:\n\n(a) the aeroplane is fitted with more than 1 combination recorder; and\n\n(b) the aeroplane begins a flight from a departure aerodrome with no facility for an FDR, CVR or combination recorder to be repaired or replaced; and\n\n(c) all of the combination recorders fitted to the aeroplane are inoperative, but at least 1 FDR or CVR within one of the combination recorders is operative.\n\n Conditions\n\n (5) The exemption in subsection (2) is subject to the following conditions:\n\n(a) the approved minimum equipment list (MEL) for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant FDR or CVR within the combination recorder inoperative, under conditions no less prescriptive, including as to duration, than those mentioned in this section;\n\n(b) an inoperative FDR or CVR within a combination recorder fitted to the aeroplane, must not have been inoperative for more than 21 calendar days.\n\nNote Section 11.34 of the Part 121 MOS also provides for circumstances in which it is permitted that an FDR, CVR or combination recorder may be inoperative at the beginning of a flight.\n\nPart 3 — Part 133 of CASR\n\n7 Exemptions — Part 133 of CASR and the Part 133 MOS\n\n The operator, and the pilot in command, of a rotorcraft operation to which Part 133 of CASR applies are each exempted from compliance with subregulation 133.360(2) of CASR but:\n\n(a) only to the extent of section 11.04 of the Part 133 MOS in its application to a provision specified in an item of column 1 of the following Table; and\n\nNote In general terms, the requirement under section 11.04 is that relevant equipment must be operative.\n\n(b) subject to compliance with the conditions mentioned in the same item in column 2; and\n\n(c) only until the end of the specified number of calendar days after the day the relevant equipment was found to be inoperative, as mentioned in the same item in column 2.\n\nNote 1 To assist readers, the relevant equipment to which a provision relates is mentioned in parenthesis in column 1 of the Table. But for the exemption, section 11.04 of the Part 133 MOS would require the relevant equipment to be operative.\n\nNote 2 In effect, the inoperative relevant equipment must be repaired within the specified number of calendar days. A calendar day is any day of the week, including a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday.\n\n| Item | Column 1
Part 133 MOS provision | Column 2
Conditions and duration |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | Section 11.13
(Anti-collision lights) | The rotorcraft must not be operated at night. The approved MEL for the rotorcraft must permit the rotorcraft to begin a flight with the relevant anti-collision lights inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. The operator must have operational procedures in its exposition or in the rotorcraft MEL for operations on the ground with the anti-collision lights inoperative, including procedures for:
informing ground crew and maintenance personnel when they may, or may not, approach the rotorcraft; and the flight crew to determine that it is safe to start the rotorcraft engines and taxi the rotorcraft.
The procedures under paragraph (c) must be provided to all ground handling and maintenance personnel (relevant personnel) at each location where the rotorcraft would operate. A process must be in place for notifying all relevant personnel that the anti-collision lights are not operating, and that the procedures therefore apply. 3 calendar days. |\n| 2 | Subsection 11.41(1)
(Emergency locator transmitters (ELTs)) | One of the purposes of the rotorcraft operation must be to fly the rotorcraft to a place for repair, or refitting, of the ELT. The approved MEL for the rotorcraft must permit the rotorcraft to begin a flight with the relevant ELT inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. The rotorcraft operation must be one in which NO passengers of any kind are carried. The rotorcraft operation must be one for which life rafts are NOT required to be carried. 3 calendar days. |\n\n\n7A Exemptions — Flight recording equipment: Part 133 operations\n\n Application\n\n (1) The exemption in subsection (2) applies to a rotorcraft that:\n\n(a) is required, under Division 7 of Chapter 11 of the Part 133 MOS, to be fitted with both 1 FDR and 1 CVR; and\n\n(b) is fitted with at least 1 combination recorder, in accordance with the requirements of section 11.25 of the MOS.\n\n Exemption\n\n (2) The operator, and the pilot in command, of a rotorcraft operation to which Part 133 of CASR applies, are each exempted from compliance with subregulation 133.360(2) of CASR:\n\n(a) to the extent that section 11.04 of the Part 133 MOS requires an FDR or a CVR, required to be fitted to a rotorcraft under Division 7 of Chapter 11 of the MOS, to be operative; and\n\n(b) to the extent that section 11.28 of the MOS does not otherwise permit the equipment to be inoperative; and\n\n(c) only if the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3) or (4) apply.\n\n One FDR or CVR within combination recorder is operative\n\n (3) For paragraph (2)(c), the circumstances are:\n\n(a) the rotorcraft is fitted with not more than 1 combination recorder; and\n\n(b) the rotorcraft begins a flight from a departure aerodrome with no facility for an FDR, CVR or combination recorder to be repaired or replaced; and\n\n(c) the combination recorder is inoperative, but the FDR or the CVR within the combination recorder is operative.\n\n (4) For paragraph (2)(c), the circumstances are:\n\n(a) the rotorcraft is fitted with more than 1 combination recorder; and\n\n(b) the rotorcraft begins a flight from a departure aerodrome with no facility for an FDR, CVR or combination recorder to be repaired or replaced; and\n\n(c) all of the combination recorders fitted to the rotorcraft are inoperative, but at least 1 FDR or CVR within one of the combination recorders is operative.\n\n Conditions\n\n (5) The exemption in subsection (2) is subject to the following conditions:\n\n(a) the approved minimum equipment list (MEL) for the rotorcraft must permit the rotorcraft to begin a flight with the relevant FDR or CVR within the combination recorder inoperative, under conditions no less prescriptive, including as to duration, than those mentioned in this section;\n\n(b) an inoperative FDR or CVR within a combination recorder fitted to the rotorcraft, must not have been inoperative for more than 21 calendar days.\n\nNote Section 11.28 of the Part 133 MOS also provides for circumstances in which it is permitted that an FDR, CVR or combination recorder may be inoperative at the beginning of a flight.\n\nPart 4 — Part 135 of CASR\n\n8 Exemptions — Part 135 of CASR and the Part 135 MOS\n\n The operator, and the pilot in command, of an aeroplane operation to which Part 135 of CASR applies are each exempted from compliance with subregulation 135.370(2) of CASR but:\n\n(a) only to the extent of section 11.04 of the Part 135 MOS in its application to a provision specified in an item of column 1 of the following Table; and\n\nNote In general terms, the requirement under section 11.04 is that relevant equipment must be operative.\n\n(b) subject to compliance with the conditions mentioned in the same item in column 2; and\n\n(c) only until the end of the specified number of calendar days after the day the relevant equipment was found to be inoperative, as mentioned in the same item in column 2.\n\nNote 1 To assist readers, the relevant equipment to which a provision relates is mentioned in parenthesis in column 1 of the Table. But for the exemption, section 11.04 of the Part 135 MOS would require the relevant equipment to be operative.\n\nNote 2 In effect, the inoperative relevant equipment must be repaired within the specified number of calendar days. A calendar day is any day of the week, including a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday.\n\n| Item | Column 1
Part 135 MOS provision | Column 2
Conditions and duration |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | Section 11.11
(Equipment to ensure clear view through the windshield) | There must be no actual or forecast precipitation within 5 nautical miles of the aerodrome of intended take-off or landing. The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the equipment required to ensure a clear view through the windshield to be inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. Low-visibility operations are not permitted.
Note Low-visibility operations are defined in Part 1 of the CASR Dictionary.
10 calendar days. |\n| 2 | Section 11.16
(Anti-collision lights) | The aeroplane must not be operated at night. The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant anti-collision lights inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. The operator must have operational procedures in its exposition or in the aeroplane MEL for operations on the ground with the anti-collision lights inoperative, including procedures for:
informing ground crew and maintenance personnel when they may, or may not, approach the aeroplane; and the flight crew to determine that it is safe to start the aeroplane engines and taxi the aeroplane.
The procedures under paragraph (c) must be provided to all ground handling and maintenance personnel (relevant personnel) at each airport where the aeroplane would operate. A process must be in place for notifying all relevant personnel that the anti-collision lights are not operating, and that the procedures therefore apply. 3 calendar days. |\n| 3 | Subsection 11.37(3)
(Flight crew intercommunication system) | The aeroplane must be fitted with operative equipment mentioned in subsection 11.37(1). The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant headsets and microphones inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. The flight must begin with at least 2 pilots. 3 calendar days. |\n| 4 | Subsection 11.47(1)
(Carriage of ELTs (ELTs)) | One of the purposes of the aeroplane operation must be to fly the aeroplane to a place for repair, or refitting, of the ELT. The approved MEL for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant ELT inoperative, under conditions no less restrictive, including as to duration, than those prescribed in this item. The aeroplane operation must be one in which NO passengers of any kind are carried. The aeroplane operation must be one for which life rafts are NOT required to be carried. 3 calendar days. |\n\n\n8A Exemptions — Flight recording equipment: Part 135 operations\n\n Application\n\n (1) The exemption in subsection (2) applies to an aeroplane that:\n\n(a) is required, under Division 7 of Chapter 11 of the Part 135 MOS, to be fitted with both 1 FDR and 1 CVR; and\n\n(b) is fitted with not more than 1 combination recorder, in accordance with the requirements of section 11.32 of the MOS.\n\n Exemption\n\n (2) The operator, and the pilot in command, of an aeroplane operation to which Part 135 of CASR applies, are each exempted from compliance with subregulation 135.370(2) of CASR:\n\n(a) to the extent that section 11.04 of the Part 135 MOS requires an FDR or a CVR, required to be fitted to an aeroplane under Division 7 of Chapter 11 of the MOS, to be operative; and\n\n(b) to the extent that section 11.35 of the MOS does not otherwise permit the equipment to be inoperative; and\n\n(c) only if the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3) apply.\n\n No recording function is operative\n\n (3) For paragraph (2)(c), the circumstances are:\n\n(a) the aeroplane begins a flight from a departure aerodrome with no facility for an FDR, CVR or combination recorder to be repaired or replaced; and\n\n(b) the combination recorder is inoperative, and both the FDR and the CVR functions with the combination recorder, are inoperative.\n\n Conditions\n\n (4) The exemption in subsection (2) is subject to the following conditions:\n\n(a) the approved minimum equipment list (MEL) for the aeroplane must permit the aeroplane to begin a flight with the relevant FDR or CVR within the combination recorder inoperative, under conditions no less prescriptive, including as to duration, than those mentioned in this section;\n\n(b) the inoperative combination recorder must not have been inoperative for more than 3 calendar days.\n\nNote Section 11.35 of the Part 135 MOS also provides for circumstances in which it is permitted that an FDR, CVR or combination recorder may be inoperative at the beginning of a flight.\n\nNote to CASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025\n\nCASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025 (in force under the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998) as shown in this compilation comprises CASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025 amended as indicated in the Tables below.\n\nTable of instruments\n\n| Year and number | Date of registration on FRL | Date of commencement | Application, saving or transitional provisions |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| CASA EX14/25 – Serviceability of Equipment under the Part 91, 121, 133 and 135 Manuals of Standards – Exemption Instrument 2025 | 17 March 2025 (see F2025L00371) | 18 March 2025 (see s. 2) | — |\n| CASA EX81/25 – Serviceability of Equipment (Combination Flight Data and Voice Recorders) (CASA EX14/25) – Amendment Instrument 2025 | 20 October 2025 (see F2025L01254) | 20 October 2025 (see s. 2) | — |\n\n\n \n\n- Table of Amendmentsad. = added or inserted am. = amended rep. = repealed rs. = repealed and substituted\n- Provision affected How affected\n- para. 2(a) rep. Legislation Act 2003, s 48D\n- s. 5A ad. F2025L01254\n- s. 6 am. F2025L01254\n- s. 6A ad. F2025L01254\n- s. 7A ad. F2025L01254\n- s. 8A ad. F2025L01254\n\n\n \n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The original instrument (March 2025) provided exemptions for basic equipment serviceability (lights, wipers, headsets, ELTs). The October 2025 amendment significantly expanded scope by adding sections 5A, 6A, 7A, and 8A, which introduce complex exemptions for flight recording equipment (FDRs, CVRs, and combination recorders). This transformed the instrument from a simple equipment deferral mechanism into a sophisticated regulatory framework addressing black box redundancy and partial failure scenarios. The amendment also introduced differential treatment between aircraft types — notably Part 135 operations face stricter limits (3 days, single recorder only, total inoperability required) compared to Parts 91, 121, and 133 (21 days, multiple recorders allowed, partial operability sufficient)."},"complexity_factors":["Four parallel regulatory schemes (Parts 91, 121, 133, 135) with similar but not identical exemption structures","Extensive cross-referencing to Manuals of Standards (MOS) provisions and CASR regulations (e.g., subregulations 91.810(2), 121.460(2), 133.360(2), 135.370(2))","Nested conditional logic: exemptions apply only if (a) specific MOS sections apply, AND (b) conditions in column 2 are met, AND (c) within specified calendar days","Multiple defined terms referencing external documents (Part 91 MOS, Part 121 MOS, Part 133 MOS, Part 135 MOS, CASR Dictionary)","Tabular format with itemised conditions creating multiple permutations of compliance requirements","Amendment structure showing evolution of instrument (original March 2025, amended October 2025) with added sections (5A, 6A, 7A, 8A) for flight recording equipment","Differential treatment of combination recorders across operational parts (Part 135 limited to 'not more than 1 combination recorder' while others allow 'more than 1')","Specific temporal limitations (3, 10, and 21 calendar days) varying by equipment type","MEL (Minimum Equipment List) cross-reference requirements creating dual compliance layers"],"plain_english_summary":"This is a temporary exemption issued by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) that allows aircraft operators and pilots to fly with certain broken or inoperative equipment under specific conditions.\n\n**What it does:**\nNormally, aviation rules require all safety equipment to be working before a flight can take off. This instrument creates limited exceptions for specific types of equipment across four different sets of aviation rules (Parts 91, 121, 133, and 135 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations). It lets aircraft fly with broken equipment temporarily, provided strict conditions are met and repairs happen within set timeframes.\n\n**Who it affects:**\n- **Aircraft operators** (airlines, charter companies, flying schools)\n- **Pilots in command** (the captain responsible for the flight)\n- **Types of operations covered:**\n - **Part 91:** General aviation (private flying, training, aerial work)\n - **Part 121:** Large commercial aeroplanes (airline jets)\n - **Part 133:** Commercial helicopter operations\n - **Part 135:** Small commercial aeroplanes (regional airlines, charter)\n\n**What equipment is covered:**\nThe exemption covers specific items including:\n- **Anti-collision lights** (the flashing lights that make aircraft visible to others)\n- **Windshield clearing equipment** (wipers, defoggers)\n- **Flight crew headsets and microphones**\n- **Emergency locator transmitters (ELTs)** (devices that send distress signals if a plane crashes)\n- **Data link recorders** (digital communication recording devices)\n- **Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders** (the \"black boxes\") — with special rules for combination units\n\n**Key conditions:**\n- **Time limits:** Equipment must be repaired within 3, 10, or 21 calendar days depending on the item (calendar days include weekends and public holidays)\n- **MEL approval:** The aircraft's approved Minimum Equipment List (a document listing what can be broken and still fly) must permit the exemption\n- **Operational restrictions:** Many exemptions come with flying restrictions — for example, no night flying if anti-collision lights are broken, or no flying in rain if windshield wipers aren't working\n- **Safety procedures:** Operators must have written procedures for ground crew safety when certain equipment is inoperative\n\n**Special rules for flight recorders (black boxes):**\nNew amendments added in October 2025 create specific exemptions for aircraft fitted with **combination recorders** (single units that contain both flight data and voice recording functions). If the combination unit breaks but one function still works, or if flying from an airport with no repair facilities, aircraft can fly under strict conditions for up to 21 days (3 days for smaller commercial aircraft under Part 135).\n\n**Why it matters:**\nThis instrument provides operational flexibility while maintaining safety. It recognises that sometimes aircraft are away from maintenance bases when equipment fails, and grounding them immediately could strand passengers or disrupt essential services. However, it ensures repairs happen promptly and only allows flights when safety risks are minimised through alternative procedures.\n\n**When it expires:**\nThis exemption automatically ends on 28 February 2027."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/casa-ex14-25-serviceability-of-equipment-under-the-part-91-121-133-and-135-manuals-of-standards-exem","history":"/api/acts/casa-ex14-25-serviceability-of-equipment-under-the-part-91-121-133-and-135-manuals-of-standards-exem/history","analysis":"/api/acts/casa-ex14-25-serviceability-of-equipment-under-the-part-91-121-133-and-135-manuals-of-standards-exem/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/casa-ex14-25-serviceability-of-equipment-under-the-part-91-121-133-and-135-manuals-of-standards-exem/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/casa-ex14-25-serviceability-of-equipment-under-the-part-91-121-133-and-135-manuals-of-standards-exem/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/casa-ex14-25-serviceability-of-equipment-under-the-part-91-121-133-and-135-manuals-of-standards-exem/documents"}}