{"id":"F2024L00072","name":"Cape du Couedic Lighthouse Heritage Management Plan 2023","slug":"cape-du-couedic-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":105062,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2024L00072-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Heritage significance","content":"5. Heritage significance\n\n5.1 Commonwealth heritage listing – Cape du Couedic Lighthouse\n\n5.2 SA State heritage register listing – Cape du Couedic Lighthouse\n\n5.3 Condition and integrity of Commonwealth heritage values\n\n5.4 Gain or loss of Commonwealth heritage values\n\n","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Opportunities and constraints","content":"6. Opportunities and constraints\n\n6.1 Implications arising from significance\n\n6.2 Framework: sensitivity to change\n\n6.3 Statutory and legislative requirements\n\n6.4 Operational requirements and occupier needs\n\n6.5 Proposals for change\n\n6.6 Potential pressures\n\n6.7 Processes for decision-making\n\n","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Conservation management principles and policies","content":"7. Conservation management principles and policies\n\n","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Policy implementation plan","content":"8. Policy implementation plan\n\n8.1 Plan and schedule\n\n8.2 Monitoring and reporting\n\nAppendices\n\nAppendix 1. Glossary of heritage conservation terms\n\nAppendix 2. Glossary of historic lighthouse terms relevant to Cape du Couedic Lighthouse\n\nAppendix 3. Table demonstrating compliance with the EPBC Regulations\n\nAppendix 4. Cape du Couedic current light details\n\nEndnotes\n\nReference list\n\n \n\nList of Figures\n\nFigure 1. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse (© AMSA, 2020)\n\nFigure 2. Planning process applied for heritage management (Source: Australia ICOMOS, 1999)\n\nFigure 3. Location of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse within Australia (Map data: Google Earth, SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. Image: Landsat/Copernicus)\n\nFigure 4. Location of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse along Kangaroo Island coast (Map data: Google\n\nEarth, SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. Image: Landsat/Copernicus)\n\nFigure 5. Location of lighthouse on Cape du Couedic (Map data: Google Earth, SIO, NOAA, U.S.\n\nNavy, NGA, GEBCO. Image: © 2022 CNES/Airbus, © 2022 TerraMetrics)\n\nFigure 6. Surrounding vegetation on Cape du Couedic (© AMSA, 2020)\n\nFigure 7. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse Map of Lease, 2017 (Map data: DigitalGlobe Imagery Tile\n\nService, DigitalGlobe Inc. ESRI World Streetmap)\n\nFigure 8. Access path to Cape du Couedic Lighthouse tower (© AMSA, 2021)\n\nFigure 9. Incandescent oil vapour lamp by Chance Brothers (Source: AMSA)\n\nFigure 10. Dioptric lens on display at Narooma (Source: AMSA)\n\nFigure 11. Dalén's system - sunvalve, mixer, and flasher (Source: AMSA)\n\nFigure 12. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse: Outline drawing showing inside and outside galleries to be\n\nconstructed ready for fixing, 1909. Image courtesy of the NAA: A9568, 4/8/1 (© Commonwealth of Australia, National Archives of Australia)\n\nFigure 13. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, 1917. Image courtesy of the NAA: A6247, A56/2 (©\n\nCommonwealth of Australia, National Archives of Australia)\n\nFigure 14. Barrenjoey Lighthouse, NSW (© AMSA, 2009)\n\nFigure 15. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse (© AMSA, 2021)\n\n \n\nAcronym List\n\nList of acronyms utilised throughout this heritage management plan:\n\n| Acronym | Definition |\n| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| AGA | Gas Accumulator Company |\n| AMSA | Australian Maritime Safety Authority |\n| AMSG | Australian Maritime Systems Group |\n| AtoN | Aid to Navigation |\n| BBT | Barbier, Benard, et Turenne |\n| CHL | Commonwealth Heritage List |\n| DCCEEW | Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water |\n| EPBC Act | Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) |\n| EPBC Regulations | Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth) |\n| HMP | Heritage Management Plan |\n| IALA | International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities |\n| LED | Light emitting diode |\n| NAA | National Archives of Australia |\n| NES | National Environmental Significance |\n| NLA | National Library of Australia |\n| RMS | Record Management System |\n| RNE | Register for the National Estate (non-statutory archive) |\n\n \n\nExecutive summary\n\nBuilt in 1909, Cape du Couedic Lighthouse was constructed to assist vessels traversing the western waters of Kangaroo Island (South Australia) after a number of ships were wrecked in the late 19th century. The lighthouse is notable for its heritage significance and was placed on the Commonwealth Heritage List in 2004 for its association with South Australia’s maritime and economic history. It is also renowned as being the last lighthouse to be built by the State Government before lighthouse management was transferred to the Commonwealth. The lighthouse is also significant for its inclusion within a relatively intact lightstation complex, and for its aesthetic qualities as a prominent landmark upon the cape.\n\nCape du Couedic Lighthouse was also listed on the South Australian Heritage Register in 1980. The site is of great historical significance to the Kangaroo Island community.\n\nSituated approximately 95.2 kilometres south-west of Kingscote, and approximately 209.9 kilometres south-west of South Australia’s capital city, Adelaide, the lighthouse stands upon Cape du Couedic on Cape du Couedic Road. The lighthouse was designed by Assistant Engineer of Harbours J.B. Labatt, and construction of the lightstation began in 1907 which included a jetty, flying fox, three keepers’ cottages and a store. As a working marine aid to navigation (AtoN), the Lighthouse tower is operated and managed by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA).\n\nThe lighthouse was originally fitted with a kerosene-powered 1st Order Chance Bros. lens which was removed in 1957. The current LED optical array is now housed within a 375mm Chance Bros. lens which operates on an automated mechanism as part of AMSA’s AtoN network. The equipment is serviced by AMSA’s maintenance contractor who visits at least once per year. AMSA officers visit on an ad hoc basis for auditing, project and community liaison purposes.\n\nThe larger part of the lightstation, which includes three keepers’ cottages built in 1909, lies outside of AMSA’s curtilage and is managed by the South Australian State Government. The lighthouse tower is not open to public access.\n\nThis heritage management plan is primarily concerned with the lighthouse, however it also addresses the management of the surrounding precinct and land. The plan is intended to guide AMSA’s decisions and actions. AMSA’s Heritage Team has prepared this plan to integrate the heritage values of the lightstation in accordance with the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth), and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth).\n\nBeing well built and generally well maintained, the lighthouse precinct is in relatively good, stable condition. The policies and management guidelines set out in this heritage management plan strive to ensure that the Commonwealth heritage values of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse are recognised, maintained, and preserved for future generations.\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page with reads '1. Introduction'](image.003.jpeg) \n\n","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Introduction","content":"1. Introduction\n\n1.1 Background and purpose\n\nThe Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) is the Commonwealth agency responsible for coastal aids to navigation (AtoN). AMSA’s network includes Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, built in 1909.\n\nSection 341S of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act) requires AMSA to prepare a management plan for Cape du Couedic Lighthouse that addresses the matters prescribed in Schedules 7A and 7B of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth) (EPBC Regulations). The principal features of this management plan are:\n\n- a description of the place, its heritage values, their condition and the method used to assess its significance\n- an administrative management framework\n- a description of any proposals for change\n- an array of conservation policies that protect and manage the place\n- an implementation plan\n- ways the policies will be monitored and how the management plan will be reviewed.\n\nAMSA’s Heritage Team has prepared this heritage management plan to guide the future conservation of the place. This plan provides the framework and basis for the conservation and best practice management of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse in recognition of its heritage values. The policies in this plan indicate the objectives for identification, protection, conservation and presentation of the commonwealth heritage values of the place. Figure 2 shows the basic planning process applied.\n\n![Flowchart showing planning process for heritage management.](image.004.jpeg)\n\nFigure 2. Planning process applied for heritage management (Source: Australia ICOMOS, 1999)\n\n \n\n1.2 Heritage management plan objectives\n\nThe objectives of this heritage management plan are to:\n\n- protect, conserve and manage the Commonwealth heritage values of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse\n- interpret and promote the Commonwealth heritage values of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse\n- manage use of the lighthouse\n- use best practice standards, including ongoing technical and community input, and apply best available knowledge and expertise when considering actions likely to have a substantial impact on Commonwealth heritage values.\n\nIn undertaking these objectives, this plan aims to:\n\n- provide for the protection and conservation of the heritage values of the place while minimising any impacts on the environment by applying the relevant environmental management requirements in a manner consistent with Commonwealth heritage management principles.\n- take into account the significance of the region as a cultural landscape occupied by Aboriginal people over many thousands of years.\n- recognise that the site has been occupied by lease holders since the early 20th century.\n- encourage site use that is compatible with the historical fabric, infrastructure and general environment.\n- record and document maintenance works, and changes to the fabric in Cape du Couedic Lighthouse fabric register.\n\nThe organisational planning cycle and associated budgeting process is used to confirm requirements, allocate funding and manage delivery of maintenance activities. Detailed planning for the AtoN network is managed through our internal planning processes.\n\nAn interactive map showing many of AMSA’s heritage sites, including Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, can be found at AMSA Heritage Lighthouses Interactive MapP0FP0F[\\[i\\]](#_edn1)PP.\n\n 1.3 Methodology\n\nThe methodology used in the preparation of this plan is consistent with the recommendations of The Burra Charter and with the requirements of Chapter 5, Part 15 Division 1A of the EPBC Act. In particular, the plan:\n\n- details the history of the site based on information sourced from archival research, expert knowledge, and documentary resources.\n- provides a description of the site based on information sourced from site inspection reports and fabric registers.\n- details the Commonwealth heritage criteria satisfied by Cape du Couedic Lighthouse as set out by schedule 7A of the EPBC Regulations.\n\nThe criterion set out at Schedule 7A (h) (i-xiii) informed the development of the required policies for the management of the Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, in conjunction with input from the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW) on best practice management.\n\nConsultation\n\nIn preparation of the plan, AMSA consulted with the Ramindjeri Heritage Association Inc. under direction from Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation, SA Department of the Premier and Cabinet (AAR DPC). AMSA was provided with information on the history of the island and past and present associations held, and this was incorporated within the plan.\n\nThe draft management plan was advertised in accordance with the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations. On 7 March 2022 a notice was placed in The Australian newspaper publication which invited the general public to review the draft plan on AMSA’s website and provide feedback. Public consultation closed on 1 April 2022 and submissions were considered by AMSA’s Heritage Team.\n\nA developed draft was submitted to the Minister through the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (Heritage Branch) and in that process the Minister’s delegate sought advice from the Australian Heritage Council and found the plan to be not inconsistent with the requirements of EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations.\n\nFuture updates and amendments will be listed here.\n\n1.4 Status\n\nThis plan has been adopted by AMSA in accordance with Schedule 7A (Management plans for Commonwealth Heritage places) and Schedule 7B (Commonwealth Heritage management principles) of the EPBC Regulations to guide the management of the place and for inclusion in the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments.\n\n1.5 Authorship\n\nThis plan has been prepared by AMSA. At the initial time of publication, the Australian Maritime Systems Group (AMSG) is the contract maintenance provider for the Commonwealth Government’s AtoN network including Cape du Couedic Lighthouse.\n\n1.6 Acknowledgements\n\nAMSA acknowledges the professional assistance of the AAR DPC, and the Ramindjeri Heritage Association Inc.\n\n1.7 Language\n\nFor clarity and consistency, some words in this plan such as restoration, reconstruction and preservation, are used with the meanings defined in the Burra Charter[\\[ii\\]](#_edn2). (See Appendix 1 Glossary of heritage conservation terms). Also see ‘Appendix 2 Glossary of lighthouse terminology relevant to Cape du Couedic which sets out the technical terminology used in this plan.\n\n1.8 Previous reports\n\n- A Heritage Lighthouse Report was prepared by Peter Marquis-Kyle for AMSA in 2006.[\\[iii\\]](#_edn3)\n- A Heritage Asset Condition Report (5th Revision) was prepared by AMSG in 2021 for AMSA.[\\[iv\\]](#_edn4)\n\n1.9 Sources of information and images\n\nThis plan has used a number of sources of information. This includes the National Archives of Australia (NAA), the National Library of Australia (NLA) and AMSA’s heritage collection.\n\n \n![Decorative cover page with reads '2. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse site'](image.005.png) \n\n","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Cape du Couedic Lighthouse site","content":"2. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse site\n\n2.1 Location\n\nCape du Couedic Lighthouse lies off the coast of South Australia on Kangaroo Island. As Australia’s third-largest island, Kangaroo Island is approximately 4405 kilometres-squared in size with its largest settlement being the township of Kingscote on the north-eastern coast.\n\nThe lighthouse is located on the far south-western shore of Kangaroo Island on Cape du Couedic Road, approximately 95.2 kilometres south-west of Kingscote, and approximately 209.9 kilometres south-west of South Australia’s capital city, Adelaide.\n\nLighthouse coordinates: 36° 03.4780' S, 136° 42.3250' E\n\n![Satellite map showing Australian continent, a red marker indicates location of Cape du Couedic on south coast.](image.006.jpeg)\n\nFigure 3. Location of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse within Australia (Map data: Google Earth, SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. Image: Landsat/Copernicus)\n\n2.2 Setting and landscape\n\nThe lighthouse is situated within Flinders Chase National Park. Comprised of three parcels of land, the park has an area of approximately 326.61 kilometres-squared.\n\nThe lightstation, constructed on a far south-western promontory of the island, consists of the lighthouse tower, three former keepers’ cottages and store room. The collection of buildings are all within close proximity to each other on the promontory, and contribute to the visual aesthetic of the region. Although the lighthouse tower is the only building to have retained its original function, the site demonstrates a relatively intact lightstation.\n\n![Satellite map of Kangaroo island, red marker indicates location of Cape du Couedic on south-west coast of island.](image.007.jpeg)Figure 4. Location of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse along Kangaroo Island coast (Map data: Google Earth, SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. Image: Landsat/Copernicus) ![Satellite map of Cape du Couedic, red marker indicates location of lighthouse.](image.008.jpeg)\n\nFigure 5. Location of lighthouse on Cape du Couedic (Map data: Google Earth, SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. Image: © 2022 CNES/Airbus, © 2022 TerraMetrics)\n\nFauna and flora\n\nKangaroo Island is considered a sanctuary for a number of floral and faunal species. Most species observed today were introduced around the turn of the 20th century. Flinders Chase National Park is also classified as an International Union for the Conservation of Nature Category II Protected Area.\n\nFaunal species include:\n\n Tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)\n Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)\n Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)\n New Zealand fur-seal (Arctocephalus forsteri)\n Western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus)\n\nBird species on Kangaroo Island include:\n\n Glossy black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami)\n White-bellied sea-eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster)\n Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)\n Bush stone-curlew (Burhinus grallarius)\n Australian bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus)\n Shy heath-wren (Hyacola cauta)\n Bassian thrush (Zoothera lunulata)\n Shining bronze-cuckoo (Chrysococcyx lucidus)\n Hooded plover (Thinornis rubricollis)\n Cape Barren goose (Cereopis novaehollandiae)\n Fairy tern (Sterna nereis)\n\nVarious feral species such as goat, pig and cat exist on the island with various strategies in place to contain such populations.\n\nNative floral species on Kangaroo Island include:\n\n Late donky orchid (Diuris brevifolia)\n Kangaroo Island daisy (Achnophora tatei)\n Twining finger flower (Cheiranthera volubilis)\n Island logania (Logania insularis)\n\nFurther information on the fauna and flora of Kangaroo Island can be accessed from the ‘Flinders Chase National Park, Kelly Hill Conservation Park, Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area and Cape Bouguer Wilderness Protection Area Management Plans’.[\\[v\\]](#_edn5) ![Photograph of dirt path lined with green vegetation. A white, arched shed stands further down the path.](image.009.jpeg)\n\nFigure 6. Surrounding vegetation on Cape du Couedic (© AMSA, 2020)\n\n2.3 Lease and management\n\nAMSA lease the lighthouse and land from the SA Department for Environment and Water (DEW), the state body responsible for Flinders Chase National Park.\n\nThe AMSA lease consists of two parcels of land:\n\n Lot A: GP 608/1993\n Lot B: GP 608/1993 (approximately 100 meter-squared)\n\nThe lighthouse tower sits within Lot B. The current lease was signed 8 December 1993.\n\nThe lease stipulates that AMSA must comply with any applicable management plan and State environmental laws. In the case of Cape du Couedic, AMSA must comply with the Flinders Chase National Park, Kelly Hill Conservation Park, Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area and Cape Bouguer Wilderness Protection Area Plan of Management.[\\[vi\\]](#_edn6) ![Map of AMSA lease showing lease parcel of lighthouse site. ](image.010.png)\n\nFigure 7. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse Map of Lease, 2017 (Map data: DigitalGlobe Imagery Tile Service, DigitalGlobe Inc. ESRI World Streetmap)\n\n2.4 Access\n\nKangaroo Island can be accessed by either ferry or authorised plane/helicopter. Sealed roads are found across the Island. A sealed road, Cape du Couedic Road, runs to the lightstation with parking available. Pedestrians can travel approximately 60 metres from the road along Lighthouse Heritage Walk to reach the foot of the tower, where access around the external base is possible.\n\nDue to internal hazards and the installation of critical navigational equipment, access inside the lighthouse tower is restricted to authorised personnel and AMSA employees and contractors.\n\n2.5 Listings\n\nCape du Couedic Lighthouse is listed on the following heritage registers:\n\n| List | ID |\n| ---------------------------------- | ----------- |\n| Commonwealth Heritage List | 105414[vii] |\n| South Australian Heritage Register | 10398[viii] |\n| Register of the National Estate | 7436[ix] |\n\n![Photograph of a dirt path leading past green vegetation and a white, arched shed to a stone lighthouse tower with red dome.](image.011.jpeg)Figure 8. Access path to Cape du Couedic Lighthouse tower (© AMSA, 2021)\n\n \n![Decorative cover page with reads '3. History'](image.012.jpeg) \n\n","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"History","content":"3. History\n\n3.1 General history of lighthouses in Australia\n\nThe first lighthouse to be constructed on Australian soil was Macquarie Lighthouse, located at the entrance to Port Jackson, NSW. First lit in 1818, the cost of the lighthouse was recovered through the introduction of a levy on shipping. This was instigated by Governor Lachlan Macquarie, who ordered and named the light.\n\nThe following century oversaw the construction of hundreds of lighthouses around the country. Constructing and maintaining a lighthouse were costly ventures that often required the financial support of multiple colonies. However, they were deemed necessary aids in assisting the safety of mariners at sea. Lighthouses were firstly managed by the colony they lay within, with each colony developing their own style of lighthouse and operational system. Following Federation in 1901, which saw the various colonies unite under one Commonwealth government, lighthouse management was transferred from state hands to the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service.\n\nLamps and optics: an overview\n\nLighthouse technology has altered drastically over the centuries. Eighteenth century lighthouses were lit using parabolic mirrors and oil lamps. Documentation of early examples of parabolic mirrors in the United Kingdom, circa 1760, were documented as consisting of wood and lined with pieces of looking glass or plates of tin. As described by Searle, “When light hits a shiny surface, it is reflected at an angle equal to that at which it hit. With a light source is placed in the focal point of a parabolic reflector, the light rays are reflected parallel to one another, producing a concentrated beam”.[\\[x\\]](#_edn10)\n\nIn 1822, Augustin Fresnel invented the dioptric glass lens. By crafting concentric annular rings with a convex lens, Fresnel had discovered a method of reducing the amount of light absorbed by a lens. The Dioptric System was adopted quickly with Cordouran Lighthouse (France), which was fitted with the first dioptric lens in 1823. The majority of heritage-listed lighthouses in Australia house dioptric lenses made by others such as Chance Brothers (United Kingdom), Henry-LePaute (France), Barbier, Bernard & Turenne (BBT, France) and Svenska Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator (AGA of Sweden). These lenses were made in a range of standard sizes, called orders—see ‘Appendix 2. Glossary of lighthouse Terms relevant to Cape du Couedic Lighthouse’.\n\n![A photograph of an incandescent kerosene burner with green tanks and manual pumping handle attached. ](image.013.jpeg)![Photograph showing large lighthouse lens with hundreds of prismatic glass pieces arranged in concentric circles. Lens is sitting on a round, green pedestal.](image.014.jpeg)\n\nFigure 9. Incandescent oil vapour lamp by Chance Brothers (Source: AMSA)\n\nFigure 10. Dioptric lens on display at Narooma (Source: AMSA)\n\nEarly Australian lighthouses were originally fuelled by whale oil and burned in Argand lamps, and multiple wicks were required in order to create a large flame that could be observed from sea. By the 1850s, whale oil had been replaced by colza oil, which was in turn replaced by kerosene, a mineral oil.\n\nIn 1900, incandescent burners were introduced. This saw the burning of fuel inside an incandescent mantle which produced a brighter light with less fuel within a smaller volume. Light keepers were required to maintain pressure to the burner by manually pumping a handle as can be seen in Figure 9.\n\nIn 1912, Swedish engineer Gustaf Dalén, was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for a series of inventions relating to acetylene-powered navigation lights. Dalén’s system included the sun valve, the mixer, the flasher, and the cylinder containing compressed acetylene. Due to their efficiency and reliability, Dalén’s inventions led to the gradual destaffing of lighthouses. Acetylene was quickly adopted by the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service from 1915 onwards.\n\n![Photograph split into three. First photo shows a lighthouse sunvalve. Second photo shows a red lighthouse mixer. Third photo shows a red lighthouse flasher.](image.015.jpeg)\n\nFigure 11. Dalén's system - sunvalve, mixer and flasher (Source: AMSA)\n\nLarge dioptric lenses, such as that shown in Figure 10, gradually decreased in popularity due to cost and the move towards unmanned automatic lighthouses. By the early 1900s, Australia had stopped ordering these lenses with the last installed at Eclipse Island in Western Australia in 1927. Smaller Fresnel lenses continued to be produced and installed until the 1970s when plastic lanterns, still utilising Fresnel’s technology, were favoured instead. Acetylene remained in use until it was finally phased out in the 1990s.\n\nIn the current day, Australian lighthouses are lit and extinguished automatically using mains power, diesel generators, and solar-voltaic systems.\n\n3.2 The Commonwealth Lighthouse Service\n\nWhen the Australian colonies federated in 1901, they decided that the new Commonwealth government would be responsible for coastal lighthouses—that is, major lights used by vessels travelling from port to port—but not the minor lights used for navigation within harbours and rivers. There was a delay before this new arrangement came into effect. Existing lights continued to be operated by the states.\n\nSince 1915, various Commonwealth departments have managed lighthouses. AMSA, established under the Australian Maritime Safety Authority Act 1990 (Cth), is now responsible for operating Commonwealth lighthouses and other aids to navigation, along with its other functions.\n\n 3.3 Cape du Couedic: a history\n\nAboriginal history \nKangaroo Island has an extensive history, and the island is embedded in the Ngurunderi Dreaming Story.\n\nNgurunderi, an ancestral being, chased two of his wives along the coastline of Encounter Bay. When they tried to cross the waters to Kangaroo Island, Ngurunderi made the ocean rise and flood what is now known as Backstairs Passage. His wives were drowned and became the Pages Islands. Ngurunderi then travelled to Kangaroo Island where, at the far end of the island at Admiral’s Arch, he threw his spears down into the sea which created the Casuarina Islets. Ngurunderi then cleansed himself in the ocean before passing into the spirit world.\n\nMore than 100 cultural heritage sites, which include stone artefact scatters, have been uncovered on the island, and radiocarbon dating undertaken on the western end of the island demonstrated the presence of Aboriginal groups for thousands of years.\n\nSally, also known as Kalinga and Princess Con, is a notable figure in the history of the island. Sally was the daughter of King Condoy, the headman of Ramindjeri. In the late 1820s, Sally was taken from her home in Cape Jervis by sealers to King George Sound, and then onto Kangaroo Island by the early 1830s. She later married William Walker and had two sons, George and Joseph who were both born on the island.\n\nEarly European history\n\nKangaroo Island was first sighted by British explorer Matthew Flinders aboard the HMS Investigator on 23 March 1802. Flinders had landed on the north coast of Dudley Peninsula and, after noting the large number of western grey kangaroo present, named the landmass ‘Kangaroo Island’.[\\[xi\\]](#_edn11) The island was circumnavigated and mapped by French explorer Commander Nicolas Baudin’s party aboard the Le Geographe, and the Le Casurina where the south coast was surveyed. The cape was named after celebrated French captain Charles Louis Chevalier du Couedic de Kergoualer, however some maps erroneously spelt it as Cape du Couedie which was not rectified until 1905.[\\[xii\\]](#_edn12)\n\nIn 1836, the First Fleet of South Australia reportedly stopped in at the island’s Nepean Bay en route to the mainland. These ships, such as the Duke of York, the Lady Mary Pelham, and the Africaine, carried the first European settlers that would establish the city of Adelaide and the colony of South Australia. The first colonial settlement on Kangaroo Island was Kingscote (originally Reeves Point) established in July 1836.[\\[xiii\\]](#_edn13)\n\nThe 1840s saw the operation of whaling stations on the island’s coastline. Shipping around Kangaroo Island also grew exponentially during this time period as the island sat on either side of the Backstairs Passage and the Investigator Strait, two key shipping routes. Increased shipping led to many instances of shipwrecks around the island, which in turn led to the construction of lighthouses: Cape Willoughby in 1852 and Cape Borda in 1858.\n\n3.4 Why Cape du Couedic?\n\nUp until 1909, vessels travelling from the western Australian coastline to the eastern colonies were left blind until reaching Cape Borda Lighthouse on the north-western coast of Kangaroo Island. However, the light from Cape Borda was often obscured from the view of ships traversing waters close to the island if carried in strong currents too far south.[\\[xiv\\]](#_edn14) The consequence of this was reflected in the loss of both ships and life.\n\nBy the end of the 19th century, a number of vessels had been lost in the waters by the island. In 1877, the Emily Smith was wrecked in the vicinity with a loss of life, and the Mars was wrecked in 1885 with eight lives lost.[\\[xv\\]](#_edn15) However the largest disaster occurred on 24 April 1899, when the Loch Sloy was wrecked on breakers by the island. 31 lives were lost, with four men managing to swim to shore. Three of the men were able to make it to nearby civilisations, however one man perished.[\\[xvi\\]](#_edn16)\n\nPublic outrage ensued following the wrecking, and the government was criticised for a lack of consideration for sailors traversing a dangerous coast. In the months following the loss of the Loch Sloy, the Marine Board consulted with mariners, presenting to them two possible positions for a light: South Neptune Island and Cape du Couedic. Of the two, South Neptune Island was favoured by the mariners as it was determined that a light on this position would assist vessels carried by an easterly current to a position where the Cape Borda light was obscured by cliffs.[\\[xvii\\]](#_edn17) However, Captain P. Weir of Adelaide argued the following:\n\n‘The south side of Kangaroo Island is, however, exceedingly dangerous by reason of the rocky coast and the reefs which abound, and is without a single lighthouse to warn mariners of their danger….Had this lighthouse \\[Cape du Couedic\\] been in existence the Loch Sloy would probably have been afloat to-day, and many lives would have been spared.’[\\[xviii\\]](#_edn18)\n\nNo immediate action was taken following these discussions, and in 1905, the Loch Vennachar was wrecked between Cape Borda and Cape du Couedic. Twenty-six lives were lost, and the government faced increasing pressure for a lighthouse to be constructed.[\\[xix\\]](#_edn19) Finally, Cape du Couedic was chosen as the site.\n\n3.5 Building a lighthouse\n\nDesign\n\nThe original designs of the proposed Cape du Couedic Lighthouse were created by Mr J.B. Labatt, Assistant Engineer of Harbours, and included a sandstone tower with concrete balcony and staircase.[\\[xx\\]](#_edn20) The ground floor design also depicted two front doors, an inner and outer door. The purpose of this design was to ensure winds from the lighthouse would not impact the two sector lights located on the ground floor. Only one set of doors were permitted open at any one time.[\\[xxi\\]](#_edn21)\n\nConstruction\n\nWorkmen first arrived on Kangaroo Island on 4 October 1907, and a jetty at Weir’s Cove approximately one kilometre from site was the first structure to be built. These works were overseen by Inspector G. Wisdom. Initially, materials for the station were carted up a zig-zag path up the cliffs before a flying fox was constructed, enabling materials to be towed up the cliff instead.[\\[xxii\\]](#_edn22)\n\nThe works on the lightstation were overseen by Labatt and a Mr Lucas. Sandstone for the tower and cottages were quarried locally, and by early 1909, despite battling the elements on an exposed site, the construction of the tower was well underway. Three cottages were constructed of sandstone, and positioned in a low-lying area so as to reduce the impact from the winds on the cape.[\\[xxiii\\]](#_edn23)\n\nCaptain Weir suggested a temporary light be exhibited throughout the duration of the construction, and the masthead light from Weir’s ship, the Governor Musgrave, was installed onsite and maintained by the workmen.\n\nIn the tower itself, two sector lights, one red, one white, were installed in order to warn vessels of the nearby Lipsons Reef and Casuarina Islands. A 12’9” Chance Bros. lantern was constructed at the top of the sandstone tower, and a 1st Order 6 panel lens installed.\n\n![Drawing of Cape du Couedic lantern house and lens with various scribbles of specifications and measurements. ](image.016.png)\n\nFigure 12. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse: Outline drawing showing inside and outside galleries to be constructed ready for fixing, 1909. Image courtesy of the NAA: A9568, 4/8/1 (© Commonwealth of Australia, National Archives of Australia)[\\[xxiv\\]](#_edn24)\n\nEquipment when built\n\nThe Cape du Couedic light was first exhibited on 27 June 1909. The event was attended by members of the Marine Board including the President Mr Arthur. Labatt was also present at the event, however inclement weather forbade members from disembarking. When the light was lit for the first time by the keepers, the Marine Board members watched from the Governor Musgrave captained by Weir. The event was therefore considered a ‘keen disappointment’.[\\[xxv\\]](#_edn25)\n\nThe lighthouse stood as a 17 metre sandstone tower with a red and white Chance Bros. lantern. Although records determined the tower was painted with red and white bands, it is believed the tower was bare sandstone as found at the site today.[\\[xxvi\\]](#_edn26) It was reported in the ‘Notice to Mariners’ that the light was double-flashing, with each flash lasting for 7.5 seconds, and an eclipse of 0.33 seconds. The tower was accompanied by the three sandstone keepers’ cottages which was approximately 160 metres from the lighthouse. It is believed the total cost of the lightstation was around £16,000.[\\[xxvii\\]](#_edn27)\n\nLight keeping\n\nThe first keepers to be stationed at Cape du Couedic were Mr. G.G. Duthie as Headkeeper, Mr G. E. Luckett as second-keeper, and Mr G. Marment as third-keeper. All three men were described as coming from experienced lightkeeping backgrounds, Duthie had previously been stationed at Troubridge Shoal, and Luckett had worked at Cape Northumberland Lighthouse prior to his posting at Cape du Couedic.[\\[xxviii\\]](#_edn28) Despite this experienced team, life at the station was not without peril. In 1910, just 13 months after Cape du Couedic was first lit, third keeper Marment was drowned near South Neptune Island while fishing.[\\[xxix\\]](#_edn29) ![Black and white photograph of stone lighthouse tower surrounded by low-lying vegetation. A white, arched shed stands a little distance away from the tower, and the sea can be seen behind.](image.017.png)\n\nFigure 13. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, 1917. Image courtesy of the NAA: A6247, A56/2 (© Commonwealth of Australia, National Archives of Australia)[\\[xxx\\]](#_edn30)\n\nAn oversight in the lighthouse’s construction also resulted in serious injuries. The lantern\n\ninstalled at the tower did not arrive with an internal or external catwalk which made cleaning the lantern glazing difficult. The Headkeeper in 1929, H.H. Beare, broke his ribs and suffered internal injuries when he fell approximately 21 metres from the tower while cleaning the glazing. After great difficulty in getting Beare to Kingscote via car, and then onto Adelaide by air, he made a full recovery.[\\[xxxi\\]](#_edn31)\n\nDue to the rough road to the lighthouse, supplies were delivered via steamer and carried up the haulage way. Mail was delivered by horseback fortnightly.[\\[xxxii\\]](#_edn32) By the early 1950’s, shipping along Kangaroo Island had subsided considerably with vessels using Backstairs Passage and Investigator Strait instead.[\\[xxxiii\\]](#_edn33) By 1957, the lighthouse was automated and the keeper positions were terminated.\n\nKeepers remained stationed at Cape du Couedic Lighthouse until the light was automated in 1957. The land was transferred to the State of South Australia with the Commonwealth retaining management of the lighthouse tower.\n\nIn 2019-2020, up to 96% of the Flinders Chase National Park was consumed by bushfires. The lightstation was left intact and unharmed.\n\n3.6 Chronology of major events\n\nThe following table details the major events to have occurred at Cape du Couedic Lighthouse.\n\n| Date | Event |\n| ------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 27 June 1909 | Light first exhibited.[xxxiv] |\n| 1910 | Third keeper G. Marment drowned at South Neptune Island while fishing. Body recovered several weeks later.[xxxv] |\n| 1919 | Flinders Chase National Park established.[xxxvi] |\n| 1929 | Headkeeper Beare falls from the external catwalk and is taken to Adelaide with broken ribs and internal injuries.[xxxvii] |\n| 1940 | First motor vehicle visit to Cape du Couedic.[xxxviii] |\n| 1951 | The staffed future of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse called into question after keepers reported seeing only 15 ships pass the lighthouse across three years.[xxxix] |\n| 1957 | Lighthouse automated and keeper positions terminated. |\n| 1959 | Cape du Couedic Lighthouse reserve, excluding the tower and storage shed, were sold to the Flora and Fauna Board of South Australia.[xl] |\n| 1980 | Cape du Couedic Lighthouse listed on the South Australian Heritage Register. |\n| 1991 | Keepers cottages restored and made available for tourist accommodation.[xli] |\n| 2004 | Cape du Couedic Lighthouse listed on the Commonwealth Heritage List. |\n| 2007 | 60,000 hectares of Flinders Chase National Park and nearby Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area lost in bushfires. |\n| 2020 | Bushfires destroy parts of Flinders Chase National Park, lighthouse tower and cottages left unscathed. |\n\n3.7 Changes and conservation over time\n\nThe following section details the changes and conservation efforts to have been carried out at Cape du Couedic Lighthouse since its construction.\n\nThe Brewis Report\n\nCommander CRW Brewis, retired naval surveyor, was commissioned in 1911 by the Commonwealth Government to report on the condition of existing lights and to recommend any additional ones. Brewis visited every lighthouse in Australia between June and December 1912, and produced a series of reports published in their final form in March 1913. These reports were the basis for future decision-making for the individual lighthouses and provide a snapshot of the Cape du Couedic lightstation in the early 20th century.[\\[xlii\\]](#_edn42)\n\n| Cape Couedic Light.(147 miles from Adelaide; 27 miles from Cape Borda.)Lat. 35° 46’ S., Long. 136° 42’ E., Chart No. 2389 (a). – Established 1909.Character.- Main Light.- One white, group flashing two short flashes ea. One-third sec. in quicksuccession every seven and a-half seconds. Dioptric, 1st Order, 439,000 c.p. Illuminant, vaporized kerosene; 85mm. incandescent mantle.Circular stone tower, 58 feet, red and white bands. Height of focal plane, 339 feet.Subsidary Light. – One white, with red sectors. Fixed, Dioptric. Candle-power – white, 10,000; red,2,500.Same tower as main light. Height of focal plane, 279 feet.Visibility.- Main Light. – From seaward, in clear weather, for a distance of 25 nautical miles.Subsidary Light. – Red, fixed, through an arc of 30 degrees from 359 ½ (N. 5 W., Mag). to 29 ½ (N.25 E., Mag.), and obscured elsewhere. Visible in clear weather – white, 21 nautical miles; red, about 10 nautical miles.Optical Apparatus. – Main Light. – Chance Bros., 1909. Dioptric, 1st Order. Focal radius, 36 inches.Six panels, each 60 degrees horizontal angle. Upper and lower reflecting prisms. Revolved on mercury float. One complete revolution every 22 ½ seconds.Condition and state of efficacy. – The tower, apparatus, quarters, and equipment are modern, andin good condition.No Morse signals. These are undesirable, on account of outlying dangers.Rocket signals are fired to warn vessels running into danger.Three light-keepers are stationed here.Communication. – Telephone to Cape Borda Light, 47 miles (no road); thence to Kingscote andmain telegraph system.Mails fortnightly from Kingscote by road, distant 70 miles.Visited periodically by Government Steamer.Landing at pier below light station.Fogs. – Fog was only experienced on two occasions in the year 1911. One lasted twenty minutes,and the other fourteen hours.Soundings. – Off-lying dangers extend for a distance of 26 miles to the southward of KangarooIsland. Vessels should, in thick weather, give this part of the coast a wide berth, and maintain a depth of over 60 fathoms – the more the better.RECOMMENDATION. – Nil. |\n| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n\nAlteration to the light\n\nThe following table details the changes to the Cape du Couedic light since its exhibition in 1909.\n\n| Date | Alteration |\n| --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 1909 | Chance Bros. 12’9” lantern, 1st Order 6-panel lens with 85mm burner.3rd Order auxiliary light with two sectors, red and white. |\n| 1917 | 3rd Order auxiliary light discontinued. |\n| c.1922 | Intensity: 439,000 candelas. |\n| 1957 | 1st Order 6-panel lens removed. Replaced with 375mm Chance Bros. lens.Light converted to automatic acetylene operation and station de-staffed. |\n| July 1974 | Light converted to electric operation.Intensity: 38,000 candelas. |\n| 2008 | Optic upgraded to Halogen lamp.Intensity: 17,386 candelas. |\n| 2020 | Optic upgraded to LED lighthouse source. |\n\nFor information on current light details, see ‘Appendix 4 Cape du Couedic Lighthouse current light details’.\n\nRecent conservation works\n\nThe following table details the recent conservation works to have occurred at Cape du Couedic Lighthouse.\n\n| Date | Work |\n| ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| 1910 | Catwalk installed at lighthouse. |\n| 1957 | Five catwalk floor panels and their brackets removed, and infill floor installed at catwalk level, with timber planks supported on rolled steel joists spanning across the top of the lantern base for acetylene conversion.1st Order lens and pedestal removed and sent to Eddystone Point Lighthouse (Tasmania). |\n| 2015 | Lantern room and upper ring repainted, glazing resealed and broken glazing panes replaced. |\n\n3.8 Summary of current and former uses\n\nFrom its construction in 1909, Cape du Couedic Lighthouse has been used as a marine AtoN for mariners at sea. Its AtoN capability remains its primary use.\n\nThe cottages, once used to house the keepers stationed at Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, were utilised by Flinders University circa. 1980s. At the time this plan was written, the Cape du Couedic cottages are used for tourist accommodation under the management of SA Tourism Kangaroo Island.\n\n3.9 Summary of past and present community associations\n\nAboriginal associations\n\nThe Cape du Couedic landscape maintains high significance due to its long Aboriginal history, and its part within the Ngurunderi Dreaming Story.\n\nThe Ramindjeri Heritage Association Inc. draw direct connection to King Condoy, headman of Ramindjeri, and Princess Con. Ramindjeri people observe the island to be a ‘gateway to heaven’, and maintain strong ties to the island and the Cape du Couedic landscape.\n\nLocal, national and international associations\n\nCape du Couedic Lighthouse is considered a significant site to the Kangaroo Island community, as well as to the wider state and national communities due to the site’s contribution to the history of maritime development in the early 20th century. There are also strong familial connections with the site due to its time as a staffed station from 1909-1957. The shipwrecks that occurred close to the cape have also cemented the site as one of tragedy and loss.\n\nThe surrounding Flinders Chase National Park is notable for its associations with national and international conservation efforts.\n\n3.10 Unresolved questions or historical conflicts\n\nA few dates are contested across various sources. Lighthouses of Australia Inc. determine that construction of the lightstation began in 1906, whereas Garry Searle in their publication “First Order: Australia’s highway of Lighthouses” determines that construction workers first arrived on Kangaroo Island in 1907, and that construction of the lighthouse did not commence until the jetty has been completed.\n\nA full list of the keepers to have been stationed at Cape du Couedic is not available, however a partial list was compiled by Lighthouse of Australia Inc. and the Duthie Family and in available on the Lighthouses of Australia Inc. website.[\\[xliii\\]](#_edn43)\n\n3.11 Recommendations for further research\n\nFurther investigation on the families stationed at the lightstation would provide greater insight into the social history of the lighthouse during its staffed life-span.\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page with reads '4. Fabric register'](image.018.jpeg) \n\n","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Fabric","content":"4. Fabric\n\n4.1 Fabric register\n\nThe cultural significance of the lighthouse resides in its fabric, and also in its intangible aspects, such as the meanings people ascribe to it, and the connections to other places and things. The survival of its cultural value depends on a well-informed understanding of what is significant, and on clear thinking about the consequences of change. The Burra Charter sets out good practice for conserving cultural significance.\n\nBelow, each part of the lighthouse is listed and the description, condition and significance of each part is discussed. Criterion listed under ‘Heritage Significance’ refer to the criterion satisfied within the specific Commonwealth heritage listing (see ‘Section 5.1’).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern roof\n\n![Photograph showing white lantern house and balcony topped with red dome.](image.019.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved red dome ladder fitted to lighthouse dome.](image.020.jpeg)![Photograph showing red weathervane sitting atop lighthouse dome. Various ex-keepers cottages can be seen in distance below.](image.021.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved red dome roof of lighthouse tower.](image.022.jpeg)\n\n© AMSA 2020\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 Chance Bros part-spherical dome of copper sheets lapped and screwed.\n\n Ribs – not visible but presumed to be cast iron radial ribs\n Inner skin – copper sheets screw fixed to ribs\n Ventilator – drum type with wind vane attached\n Wind vane – fixed\n Gutter – circular ring of cast iron pieces bolted together\n External ladder – curved iron ladder fixed to outside of roof\n Handrails – one circular hand rail attached to lantern roof, another attached to top of ventilator drum\n Ladder rail – has been removed and stored on the intermediate landing within the lighthouse\n Downpipes – have been removed and stored on the intermediate landing within the lighthouse\n Curtain rail – continuous rail attached to inner skin of roof\n Drip tray – copper dish suspended under ventilator, with central hole for heat tube\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe lantern roof is an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe lantern roof is an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nThe lantern roof contributes to the prominent aesthetic qualities of the tower (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern glazing\n\n![Photograph showing lantern house with curved glazing panes, and a ladder fitted to external side.](image.023.jpeg)![Photograph showing internal of lantern house with prismatic lens sitting behind curved glazing panes. Grey sea can be seen through panes. ](image.024.jpeg)\n\n© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 Chance Bros, cylindrical in form.\n\n Panes – curved rectangular glass, three tiers\n Astragals – vertical astragals of rectangular section iron, bolted to gutter ring at top, and to lantern base below. Horizontal astragals of triangular section.\n\n| Finish: | astragals, cover strips and blank panels: paintedblank panels are formed of FRP |\n| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, reglaze as necessary, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe lantern glazing is an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe lantern glazing is an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nThe lantern glazing is an original feature of the lighthouse and contributes to its prominent aesthetic qualities (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Internal catwalk\n\n![Photograph showing curved internal catwalk fitted to edge of lantern room.](image.025.png)![Photograph showing a catwalk with railings fitted across internal of lantern house.](image.026.png)![Photograph showing wooden ladder fitted to lantern room hatch.](image.027.png)![Photograph showing underside of curved internal catwalk, bracketed to lantern room.](image.028.jpeg)\n\n© AMSA 2019\n\nDescription and condition\n\nPost 1910 Chance Bros, cast iron lattice floor panels supported on solid cast iron brackets bolted to top of the lantern base.\n\n 1957 modification for acetylene conversion – five catwalk floor panels and their brackets removed, and infill floor installed at catwalk level, with timber planks supported on rolled steel joists spanning across the top of the lantern base. Galvanized pipe handrails and stanchions around access openings.\n Ladder – fixed timber ladder with treads housed into strings\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe internal catwalk is an early feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe internal catwalk is an early feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern base\n\n![Photograph showing curved lantern house door standing ajar on balcony. Plaque fitted to door.](image.029.jpeg)![Photograph showing sub-lantern room landing encased in curved cast iron panels. Two floor hatches rest open revealing accessway to floor below. Sign on one hatch reads \"Caution Low Headroom\"](image.030.jpeg)![Photograph showing external side of cast iron lantern house. Lantern room door stands ajar out onto balcony.](image.031.jpeg)© AMSA 2020\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 Chance Bros, cylindrical in form. Curved panels of cast iron bolted together with flanged joints.\n\n Internal lining – none (removed)\n Vents – two horizontal slots in the bottom exterior of each panel, blocked off\n Door – Chance Bros, iron skin with flat frame applied outside; iron inner frame and lining. Copper alloy hinges. Copper alloy mortise lock; inside knob replaced by steel lever, but outside bar handle still in place. Maker’s plaque attached to door.\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe lantern base is an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe lantern base is an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nThe lantern base is an original feature of the lighthouse and contributes to its prominent aesthetic qualities (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lantern floor\n\n![Photograph showing open floor hatch with curved staircase leading down to floor below. ](image.032.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved floor of lantern room.](image.033.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved staircase leading up to hatch above.](image.034.jpeg)![Photograph showing weight tube fitted to lantern floor above. ](image.035.jpeg)\n\n© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 reinforced concrete floor slab.\n\n Access – stair covered by two trapezoidal timber framed and sheeted covers. Steel handrail.\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe lantern floor is an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe lantern floor is an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nLighthouse feature: Lens assembly\n\n![Photograph showing prismatic lighthouse lens sitting behind curved glazing panes. Sea and sky can be seen through panes.](image.036.jpeg) © AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1957 Chance Bros 375mm focal radius fixed lens assembly.\n\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | moderate |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: Moderate\n\nThe 1957 Chance Bros. lens is an important addition to the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nLighthouse feature: Optical apparatus\n\n![Photograph showing LED optic sitting inside prismatic lens.](image.037.jpeg)© AMSA 2019\n\nDescription and condition\n\nSealite SL-LED-216-W.\n\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| -------------------- | ---------------- |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | low |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: Low\n\nThe optical apparatus is of low significance.\n\nLighthouse feature: Pedestal\n\n![Photograph showing lighthouse lens sitting atop a steel pedestal inside a curved lantern room.](image.038.jpeg)![Photograph showing steel pedestal fitted to lantern room floor with prismatic lens sitting atop.](image.039.jpeg)© AMSA 2020\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1957 steel tubular post welded to square base plate and circular top plate. The pedestal is supported on two rolled steel beams.\n\n| Condition: | sound |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Integrity: | medium |\n| Significance: | low |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: Low\n\nThe 1957 pedestal is of low significance.\n\nLighthouse feature: Balcony floor\n\n![Photograph showing curved balcony floor of lighthouse tower. Curved red handrails fitted to outer edge of floor.](image.040.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved balcony floor of lighthouse tower. Curved red handrails fitted to outer edge of floor.](image.041.jpeg)![Photograph showing balcony of lighthouse tower with curved red handrails.](image.042.png)© AMSA 2019\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 reinforced concrete slab.\n\n| Finish: | membrane painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe balcony floor is an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe balcony floor is an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nThe balcony floor is an original feature of the lighthouse and contributes to its prominent aesthetic qualities (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Balcony balustrade\n\n![Photograph showing balcony floor with curved red handrails fitted to outer edge. A steel ladder is fitted to balcony floor.](image.043.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved balcony floor with curved red handrails fitted to outer edge of balcony floor.](image.044.jpeg)![Photograph showing red balcony stanchion with railings fitted to it. ](image.045.jpeg)© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 Chance Bros cast iron stanchions with four iron pipe rails.\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe balcony balustrades are an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe balcony balustrades are an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nThe balcony balustrades are an original feature of the lighthouse and contributes to its prominent aesthetic qualities (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Walls\n\n![Photograph showing view of stone lighthouse from the foot of the tower. A lightning conductor runs up the length of the tower.](image.046.jpeg)![Photograph showing curved staircase leading to landing below.](image.047.jpeg)© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 sandstone walls, chisel finish. Plastered inside.\n\n| Finish: | external walls: bare stoneinternal walls: painted |\n| -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound, internal paint peeling in some areas, pointing in stone dressing around circular windows needs some minor repair |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, monitor condition of pointing and stonework, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe walls are an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe walls are an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nThe walls are an original feature of the lighthouse and contributes to its prominent aesthetic qualities (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Windows\n\n![Photograph showing stone lighthouse tower with red dome and white lantern house against blue sky.](image.048.jpeg)© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 circular windows with glass panes fixed into cast iron frames built into stonework. Rock faced stone dressings around the outside of the openings.\n\n| Finish: | cast iron frames: paintedglass: clear |\n| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals, monitor condition of repointing and stonework (window openings) and reseal as necessary |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe windows are an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe windows are an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Auxiliary light windows\n\n![Photograph showing circular room with electrical cabinets and cables. A curved staircase leads from the floor to a level above.](image.049.jpeg)© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\nTwo 1909 rectangular windows with glass panes fixed in iron frames built into stonework. Rock faced stone dressings around the outside of the openings.\n\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals, reseal as necessary |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance:\n\nThe auxiliary light windows are an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe auxiliary light windows are an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nLighthouse feature: Vents\n\n![Photograph showing vent cover fitted to external stone wall of tower.](image.050.jpeg)![Photograph showing internal vent opening inside tower.](image.051.png)© AMSA 2019\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 vent openings incorporated in the tower masonry walls, with recent plastic weatherproof fixed vent cowls.\n\n| Finish: | bare plastic |\n| -------------------- | ------------------------ |\n| Condition: | sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | openings: highcowls: low |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe vent openings are an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe vent openings are an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nLighthouse feature: Doors\n\n![Photograph showing arched timber double doors at base of stone lighthouse tower.](image.052.jpeg)![Photograph showing date stone reading '1909' fitted above front door. A National Trust plaque is fitted above.](image.053.jpeg)![Photograph showing half-glazed, internal double doors inside lighthouse tower.](image.054.jpeg)![Photograph showing base of stone lighthouse tower with outer and inner tower doors standing ajar. ](image.055.jpeg)\n\n© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 timber doors in timber frames with arched tops.\n\n Outer doors – a pair of framed door leaves, each with three panels of tongue and groove jointed boards, secured outside with pad-bolt and CLS padlock. Date is mounted above the outer doors.\n Inner doors – a pair of half-glazed door leaves, each with single plain bottom panel. Both leaves have spring closers. One leaf has top and bottom bolts with extended handles, the other has iron cased rim-lock.\n\n| Finish: | timber: paintedglass: clear |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe doors are an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe doors are an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nThe doors are an original feature of the lighthouse and contribute to its prominent aesthetic qualities (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Entrance stair\n\n![Photograph showing base of stone lighthouse tower with six stone steps leading from ground to front doors. ](image.056.jpeg)![Photograph showing sandstone stringer of entrance steps at base of lighthouse.](image.057.jpeg)\n\n© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 masonry entrance stair with sandstone strings, slate treads, concrete risers.\n\n| Finish: | sandstone: bareother surfaces: painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe entrance stair is an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe entrance stair is an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nThe entrance stair is an original feature of the lighthouse and contributes to its prominent aesthetic qualities (criterion e).\n\nLighthouse feature: Intermediate floors\n\n![Photograph showing circular floor with curved staircase leading down to floor below. Weight tube is fitted to floor. ](image.058.jpeg)© AMSA 2020\n\nDescription and condition\n\nThree 1909 reinforced concrete slab floors.\n\nLadder rails earlier removed from the lantern are labelled and stored on site on an intermediate floor.\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe intermediate floors are an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe intermediate floors are an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nLighthouse feature: Stairs\n\n![Photograph showing curved staircase leading down to circular floor below. ](image.059.jpeg)![Photograph showing underside of curved staircase leading up to circular floor above. A weight tube is fitted to the underside of the floor above. ](image.060.jpeg)© AMSA 2020\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 reinforced concrete geometric stairs with integral string. Single iron handrail on iron stanchions. Extruded zinc strip on lip of each tread.\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe stairs are an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe stairs are an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\n \n\nLighthouse feature: Weight tube\n\n![Photograph showing circular floor with curved staircase leading down to floor below. Weight tube is fitted to floor. ](image.061.jpeg)![Photograph showing a weight tube fitted to the underside of a circular floor above. ](image.062.jpeg)© AMSA 2020\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 riveted iron plate tube, off-set from the centre of the tower; between the lantern floor and the first floor of the tower.\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | preserve, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe weight tube is an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe weight tube is an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nLighthouse feature: Ground floor\n\n![Photograph showing circular room with electrical cabinets and cables. A curved staircase leads from the floor to a level above.](image.063.jpeg)© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\n1909 reinforced concrete floor slab.\n\n| Finish: | painted |\n| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service, prepare and repaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe ground floor is an original feature of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe ground floor is an original feature of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\nLighthouse feature: Power supply\n\n![Photograph showing electrical cabinet and battery racks.](image.064.jpeg)![Photograph showing battery racks standing against wall of circular room.](image.065.jpeg)\n\n© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\nMains powered with UPS arrangement. All equipment and batteries housed in metal cabinet on ground floor.\n\n| Condition: | operational |\n| -------------------- | --------------- |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | low |\n| Maintenance: | keep in service |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: Low\n\nThe power supply is of low significance.\n\nLighthouse feature: Gravel apron\n\n![Photograph showing base of stone lighthouse with six steps leading up to front doors. ](image.066.jpeg)![Photograph showing green vegetation beside gravel apron with blue sea and sky behind. ](image.067.jpeg)© AMSA 2021\n\nDescription and condition\n\nGravel apron approximately 4.0m wide around the base of the tower.\n\n| Finish: | gravel surface |\n| -------------------- | --------------------- |\n| Condition: | intact and sound |\n| Integrity: | high |\n| Significance: | high |\n| Maintenance: | preserve gravel apron |\n| Rectification works: | none |\n\nHeritage significance: High\n\nThe gravel apron remains part of the original footprint of the last lighthouse to be built in South Australia by the State Government, a site associated with the State’s maritime and economic history (criterion a).\n\nThe gravel apron remains part of the original footprint of a relatively intact early 20th century lightstation complex (criterion d).\n\n \n\n4.2 Related object and associated AMSA artefacts\n\nThe following AMSA artefact/s are currently located at Cape du Couedic Lighthouse.\n\n```html\n

Artefact description: Thermometer mounted in custom built wooden case

\"Photograph© AMSA 2019

Maximo ID: AR0551

Location in lighthouse: Ground level wall

Condition: Good

Artefact description: Lantern room ladder rail – Cape du Couedic Lighthouse

\"Photograph© AMSA 2022

Maximo ID: AR0992

Location in lighthouse: Intermediate floor

Condition: Sound, showing signs of corrosion

Artefact description: Lantern room downpipes – Cape du Couedic Lighthouse

\"Photograph© AMSA 2022

Maximo ID: AR0993

Location in lighthouse: Intermediate floor

Condition: Sound, showing signs of corrosion

\n```\n\n4.3 Comparative analysis\n\n![Photograph showing stone lighthouse tower with white lantern house and dome standing beside small annex with red roof. ](image.071.jpeg)![Photograph showing stone lighthouse tower with white lantern house and red dome.](image.072.jpeg)\n\nFigure 14. Barrenjoey Lighthouse, NSW (© AMSA, 2009)\n\nFigure 15. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse (© AMSA, 2021)\n\nCape du Couedic Lighthouse bears some similarities with Barrenjoey Head Lighthouse (New South Wales). Constructed in 1881 under the guidance of Colonial Architect James Barnet, Barrenjoey Lighthouse was constructed of local sandstone which was left bare, as was done with Cape du Couedic. Both Barrenjoey and Cape du Couedic were originally fitted with a Chance Bros. lantern, Barrenjoey’s being slightly smaller measuring 700mm compared to Cape du Couedic’s 920mm.\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page with reads '5. Heritage significance'](image.073.jpeg) \n\n5. Heritage significance\n\n5.1 Commonwealth heritage listing –Cape du Couedic Lighthouse\n\nThe following information is taken directly from the Commonwealth Heritage listing for Cape du Couedic Lighthouse (Place ID: 105414).\n\nCommonwealth heritage list – statement of significance\n\nThe following statement of significance is taken directly from Cape du Couedic Lighthouse’s Commonwealth heritage listing:\n\nThe Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, built in 1909, is significant for its association with South Australia's maritime and economic history, and illustrates the State's continuing dependence on the sea for transportation at this time. The lighthouse is also important as one of the last built in South Australia before the Commonwealth Government took over the management and control of Australian lighthouses in 1915. (Criterion A.4) (Australian Historic Themes: 3.8 Moving goods and people; 3.8.1 Shipping to and from Australian ports; 3.8.2 Safeguarding Australian products for long journeys; 3.16.1 Dealing with hazards and disasters; 7.4 Federating Australia)\n\nThe Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is part of a relatively intact early nineteenth century complex of lighthouse and service buildings, which contributes to its significance. (Criterion D.2)\n\nThe Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is important as a prominent visual landmark on the south-western point of Kangaroo Island. (Criterion E.1)\n\nThe Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is associated with the Cape du Couedic Flying Fox and Associated Structures (Register No. 7461) and the Cape du Couedic Keepers' Cottages and Sheds (Register No. 7460)\n\nIndigenous values of national estate significance may exist in this place. As yet, these values have not been identified, documented or assessed.\n\nCommonwealth heritage list – criteria\n\nThere are nine criteria for inclusion in the Commonwealth Heritage List, meeting any one of these is sufficient for listing a place. These criteria are similar to those used in other Commonwealth, state and local heritage legislation, although thresholds differ. In the following sections, Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is discussed in relation to each of the criteria as based on the site’s current Commonwealth Heritage Listing (Place ID: 105414)\n\n| Criterion | Attributes | Explanation |\n| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Criterion A) ProcessesThis criterion is satisfied by places that have significant heritage value because of [their] importance in the course, or pattern, of Australia’s natural or cultural history. | The whole of the lighthouse, its setting and its visual prominence. | The Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, built in 1909, is significant for its association with South Australia's maritime and economic history, and illustrates the State's continuing dependence on the sea for transportation at this time. The lighthouse is also important as one of the last built in South Australia before the Commonwealth Government took over the management and control of Australian lighthouses in 1915. |\n| Criterion D) Characteristic values | The integrity of the fabric, and its functional association with service buildings and other lighthouses. | The Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is part of a relatively intact early nineteenth century complex of lighthouse and service buildings, which contributes to its significance. |\n| Criterion E) Aesthetic characteristics | The prominence of the lighthouse within its landscape setting. | The Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is important as a prominent visual landmark on the south-western point of Kangaroo Island. |\n\nThese heritage values, identified and explained in the Commonwealth Heritage List, will form the basis of the management of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse. In the event of necessary works, all criteria will be consulted to inform best practice management of the values associated with the lightstation. (See ‘Section 7. Conservation management policies’ for further information on strategies to conserve heritage values of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse)\n\n5.2 SA State heritage register listing – Cape du Couedic Lighthouse\n\nThe Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is listed on the SA State Heritage Places Database (Place ID: 10398).\n\nSA Heritage Register – Statement of Significance\n\nThere is no statement of significance or heritage criterion available for Cape du Couedic Lighthouse.\n\n5.3 Condition and integrity of Commonwealth heritage values\n\nA heritage monitoring program was implemented in 2016. Each site is visited and reviewed every two years where the heritage fabric and values of the site are evaluated. Assessment of the condition and integrity of lighthouse's Commonwealth heritage values are derived from the latest available Heritage asset condition report produced by AMSA’s maintenance contractor.\n\n‘Condition’ is measured from Good-Sound-Poor and incorporates the current condition of the specific value. Integrity is measured from High-Medium-Low and incorporates the value’s intactness. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse’s Commonwealth heritage values and its associated attributes maintain good condition and high integrity.\n\nThe Commonwealth heritage values for Cape du Couedic Lighthouse exhibit good condition and a high level of integrity. The intact lightstation continues to maintain strong associations with the State’s maritime history, and remains a prominent visual landmark free of modern intrusions on the cape.\n\n| Value | Values (including attributes) | Condition | Integrity |\n| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- | --------- |\n| Criterion A) Processes | The Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, built in 1909, is significant for its association with South Australia's maritime and economic history, and illustrates the State's continuing dependence on the sea for transportation at this time. The lighthouse is also important as one of the last built in South Australia before the Commonwealth Government took over the management and control of Australian lighthouses in 1915. | Good | High |\n| Criterion D) Characteristic values | The Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is part of a relatively intact early nineteenth century complex of lighthouse and service buildings, which contributes to its significance. | Good | High |\n| Criterion E)Aesthetic characteristics | The Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is important as a prominent visual landmark on the south-western point of Kangaroo Island. | Good | High |\n\n5.4 Gain or loss of Commonwealth heritage values\n\nA correction is required for Criterion D, as it lists the lighthouse as part of an ‘early nineteenth century complex’. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse and the accompanying cottages were built in 1907-1909 and therefore should be listed as an ‘early twentieth century complex’.\n\nThere are no current occurrences of ‘gains/losses’ of heritage values at the site at the time this management plan was prepared. Evidence for the potential gain or loss of heritage values will be documented within this section in future versions of the plan. \n\n![Decorative cover page with reads '6. Opportunities and constraints'](image.074.jpeg) \n\n6. Opportunities and constraints\n\n6.1 Implications arising from significance\n\nThe Commonwealth statement of significance (section 5.1 above) demonstrates Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is a place of considerable heritage value due to its association with South Australian maritime history, intactness and for its aesthetic qualities.\n\nThe implication arising from this assessment is that key aspects of the place should be conserved to retain this significance. The key features requiring conservation include:\n\n- architectural quality of the building\n- interior spaces and features, which are notable for their design, details and/or their original lighthouse function. These include:\n\n \\- Lantern room (including internal catwalk)\n \\- Lens assembly\n \\- Intermediate floors\n \\- Stairs\n \\- Weight tube\n \\- Ground floor\n\n- external spaces and features, which are notable for their design, details, and/or their original lighthouse function. These include:\n\n \\- Lantern roof\n \\- Lantern base (including glazing)\n \\- Balcony (including balustrades)\n \\- Walls\n \\- Windows (including auxiliary light windows)\n \\- Doors\n \\- Vents\n \\- External stair\n \\- Gravel apron\n\nReferral and approvals of action\n\nThe EPBC Act requires approval from the Minister for the Environment for all actions likely to have a significant impact on matters of National Environmental Significance (NES).\n\nThe Act provides that actions taken:\n\n- on Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment will require approval of the Minister.\n- Outside Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment on Commonwealth land will require approval of the Minister.\n- by the Australian Government or its agencies which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere will require approval of the Minister.\n\nThe definition of ‘environment’ in the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations includes the cultural heritage values of places.\n\nHeritage strategy\n\nIf an Australian Government agency owns or controls one or more places with Commonwealth heritage values, it must prepare a heritage strategy within two years from the first time they own or control a heritage place (section 341ZA).\n\nA heritage strategy is a written document that integrates heritage conservation and management within an agency’s overall property planning and management framework. Its purpose is to help an agency manage and report on the steps it has taken to protect and conserve the commonwealth heritage values of the properties under its ownership or control.\n\nThe heritage strategy for AMSA’s AtoN assets was completed and approved by the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment in 2018 and reviewed in 2022. The latest version of the Strategy is available online.P37F[\\[xliv\\]](#_edn44)\n\nHeritage asset condition report\n\nA heritage asset condition report is a written document that details the heritage fabric of a site with an in-depth description of each architectural and structural element. The document includes: a brief history of the site, the Commonwealth Heritage statement of significance and value criteria, a heritage significance rating for each individual element, and a catalogue of artefacts on-site. The document is also accompanied by up-to-date photos of each structural element. This document operates as a tool for heritage monitoring, and is reviewed and updated biennially.\n\nAboriginal heritage significance and natural heritage values\n\nCape du Couedic and Flinders Chase National Park as a whole are notable for their Aboriginal cultural significance and natural heritage values. Although these values lie outside of the Commonwealth heritage listing curtilage and AMSA’s lease, the potential remains for future works at the lighthouse to impact these values. At the time this plan was written, no plans have been made for future works at Cape du Couedic Lighthouse. In the event major works at the lighthouse are to be carried out, AMSA will seek to minimise impacts to the surrounding area by:\n\n- Utilising specific access tracks to ensure no damage to surrounding vegetation,\n- Ensuring project footprint is limited to the AMSA lease. In any instance that work is required outside of this footprint, approvals will be sought from the appropriate stakeholders.\n- Implementing an appropriate discovery plan in the instance Aboriginal cultural heritage is suspected and/or found.\n\n6.2 Framework: sensitivity to change\n\nOwing to the site’s association with South Australia’s maritime and economic history, its intactness, and aesthetic qualities, Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is of high significance. Therefore, work actioned by AMSA on the lighthouse’s fabric harnesses the potential to reduce or eradicate the significance of the site’s heritage values.\n\nConservation works, including restoration and reconstruction, or adaption works of the absolute minimum so as to continue the lighthouse’s usefulness as an AtoN are the only works that should be actioned by AMSA on Cape du Couedic Lighthouse. Some exceptions are made for health and safety requirements, however any and all work carried out must be conducted in line with heritage considerations and requirements of the EPBC Act.\n\nThe table below demonstrates the level of sensitivity attributed to the various elements of the fabric register in the face of change. These are measured from high to low depending on the action’s possible threat to the site’s heritage values.\n\nHigh sensitivity\n\nHigh sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a major threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or the lightstation as a whole. A major threat is one that would lead to substantial or total loss of the heritage value.\n\nModerate sensitivity\n\nModerate sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a moderate threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or to the heritage significance of a specific fabric in another part of the building. A moderate threat is one that would diminish the heritage value, or diminish the ability of an observer to appreciate the value.\n\nLow sensitivity\n\nLow sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose little to no threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or to the heritage significance in another part of the building.\n\n```html\n

Component

Level of sensitivity

Nature of change impacting heritage values

Cape du Couedic Lighthouse structure

High

  • Reduction of visibility of structure and its setting on Cape du Couedic.
  • Major alterations to the tower colours scheme.
  • Prominent alterations and additions to the exterior that would impact the current lighthouse footprint and envelope.

Low

  • Removal of asbestos, lead paint and other toxic materials.
  • Implementation of health and safety hazard markings.

Ground floor

High

  • Major alterations to original concrete floor.

Low

  • Repainting of ground floor in like-colours.
  • Removal or replacement of power supply from ground floor.

Intermediate floors

High

  • Major alterations to original concrete intermediate floors.

Low

  • Repainting of intermediate floors in like-colours.

Stairs and weight tube

High

  • Major alterations to original stair design and fabric.
  • Removal of original weight tube.

Low

  • Repainting of stairs and weight tube in like-colours.
  • Corrosion reparations to stairs.
  • Replacement of zinc strips.

Lantern house

High

  • Removal of original lantern house.
  • Major alterations to original lantern house design and fabric.
  • Removal of maker’s plaque.
  • Removal of Chance Bros. lantern base door.

Low

  • Reparations to concrete floor with like-materials.
  • Corrosion reparations to lantern house walls and access ladder handrails.
  • Repainting of lantern floor and walls in like-colours.

Balcony and balustrades

High

  • Major alterations to original reinforced concrete balcony floor and/or balustrades.

Low

  • Repainting of balcony floor and balustrades in like-colours.
  • Corrosion reparations to balustrades.
  • Replacement of membrane.

Lantern glazing

High

  • Alteration to original curved rectangular-form glazing panes.
  • Major alterations to original Chance Bros. glazing astragals.

Low

  • Repainting of astragals in like-colours.
  • Replacement of broken glazing panes.
  • Resealing of lantern room glazing.

Lantern roof

High

  • Major alterations to original part-spherical roof design and fabric.
  • Removal of wind vane and curved ladder.

Low

  • Repainting of lantern roof in like-colours.
  • Corrosion reparations to lantern roof (including ventilator, drip tray, weather vane, gutter, handrails and ladder).

Lens assembly and light source

Moderate

  • Removal of 1957 Chance Bros. lens.

Low

  • Replacement or removal of halogen lampchanger array.
  • Cleaning of lens.

Pedestal

Low

  • Repainting of pedestal in like-colours.
  • Corrosion reparations to steel pedestal.
  • Replacement of pedestal.

Walls

High

  • Major alterations to the original sandstone walls.

Low

  • Replastering of internal walls with like-materials.
  • Repointing of stone with like-materials.

Windows (including auxiliary light windows)

High

  • Major alterations to the original windows openings and cast iron frames.

Low

  • Replacement of broken glass panes.
  • Repainting of cast iron frames.
  • Corrosion reparations to hinges and frames.
  • Resealing of auxiliary light windows.

Doors

High

  • Major alterations to original ground floor door openings including timber frames.
  • Major alterations to original timber doors.

Low

  • Repainting of doors in like-colours.
  • Replacement of broken glass panes.

Vents

High

  • Major alterations to original vent openings.

Low

  • Replacement or removal of plastic cowls.

Entrance stair

High

  • Major alterations to original entrance stair design and fabric.

Moderate

  • Painting of bare sandstone components.

Low

  • Repainting of entrance stair in like-colours.
  • Repointing of stonework with like-materials.

Apron slab

High

  • Major alterations to gravel apron footprint.
\n```\n\n6.3 Statutory and legislative requirements\n\nThe following table lists the Acts and codes relevant to the management of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse.\n\n| Act or code | Description |\n| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 | The Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) requires agencies to prepare management plans that satisfy the obligations included in Schedule 7A and 7B of the EPBC Regulations. |\n| Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth)Schedule 7B | The DCCEEW has determined these principles as essential for guidance in managing heritage properties.The objective in managing Commonwealth Heritage places is to identify, protect, conserve, present and transmit, to all generations, their Commonwealth Heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should use the best available knowledge, skills and standards for those places, and include ongoing technical and community input to decisions and actions that may have a significant impact on their Commonwealth Heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should respect all heritage values of the place and seek to integrate, where appropriate, any Commonwealth, state, territory and local government responsibilities for those places.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should ensure that their use and presentation is consistent with the conservation of their Commonwealth Heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should make timely and appropriate provision for community involvement, especially by people who:(a) have a particular interest in, or associations with, the place; and(b) may be affected by the management of the place;Indigenous people are the primary source of information on the value of their heritage and that the active participation of indigenous people in identification, assessment and management is integral to the effective protection of indigenous heritage values.The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should provide for regular monitoring, review and reporting on the conservation of Commonwealth Heritage values. |\n| AMSA Heritage Strategy 2022-2025 | As the custodian of many iconic sites, the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) has long recognised the importance of preserving their cultural heritage.This Heritage Strategy is in response to section 341ZA of the EPBC Act (1999) which obliges AMSA to prepare and maintain a heritage strategy, along with obliging AMSA to:Assist in identification, assessment and monitoring of places of heritage value in its care;Prepare and maintain a register of its places of heritage value;Protect the heritage value of places when they are sold or leased;Provide this heritage strategy, and any subsequent major updates, to the relevant minister.The strategy derives from the AMSA Corporate Plan and achievements are reported through the AMSA Annual Report. The 2021-22 AMSA Annual report can be found online.[xlv] |\n| Navigation Act 2012 (Cth) | Part 5 of the Act outlines AMSA’s power to establish, maintain and inspect marine aids to navigation (such as Cape du Couedic Lighthouse).(1) AMSA may:(a) establish and maintain aids to navigation; and(b) add to, alter or remove any aid to navigation that is owned or controlled by AMSA; and(c) vary the character of any aid to navigation that is owned or controlled by AMSA.(2) AMSA, or person authorised in writing by AMSA may, at any reasonable time of the day or night:(a) inspect any aid to navigation or any lamp or light which, in the opinion of AMSA or the authorised person, may affect the safety or convenience of navigation, whether the aid to navigation of the lamp or light is the property of:(i) a state or territory; or(ii) an agency of a state or territory; or(iii) any other person; and(b) enter any property, whether public or private, for the purposes of an inspection under paragraph (a); and(c) transport, or cause to be transported, any good through any property, whether public or private, for any purpose in connection with:(i) the maintenance of an aid to navigation that is owned or controlled by AMSA; or(ii) the establishment of any aid to navigation by AMSA. |\n| Australian Heritage Council Act 2003 (Cth) | This Act establishes the Australian Heritage Council, whose functions are:to make assessments under Division 1A and 3A of Part 15 of the EPBC Act 1999;to advise the Minister on conserving and protecting places included, or being considered for inclusion, in the National Heritage List or Commonwealth Heritage List;to nominate places for inclusion in the National Heritage List or Commonwealth Heritage List;to promote the identification, assessment, conservation and monitoring of heritage;to keep the Register of the National Estate;to organise and engage in research and investigations necessary for the performance of its functions;to provide advice directly to any person or body or agency either if its own initiative of at the request of the Minister; andto make reports as outlined in the Act. |\n| South Australia Heritage Places Act 1993 (SA) | Part 1 PreliminaryThe objects of the Act are:(a) to recognise the importance of South Australia's heritage places and related objects in understanding the course of the State's history, including its natural history; and(b) to provide for the identification and documentation of places and related objects of State heritage significance; and(c) to provide for and promote the conservation of places and related objects of State heritage significance; and(d) to promote an understanding and appreciation of the State's heritage; and(e) to encourage the sustainable use and adaptation of heritage places in a manner consistent with high standards of conservation practice, the retention of their heritage significance, and relevant development policies. |\n| Building Code of Australia/National Construction Code of Australia | The Code is the definitive regulatory resource for building construction, providing a nationally accepted and uniform approach to technical requirements for the building industry. It specifies matters relating to building work in order to achieve a range of health and safety objectives, including fire safety.As far as possible, Commonwealth agencies aim to achieve compliance with the Code, although this may not be entirely possible because of the nature of and constraints provided by existing circumstances, such as an existing building. |\n| Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (Cth) | The objectives of this Act include:(1) The main object of this Act is to provide for a balanced and nationally consistent framework to secure the health and safety of workers and workplaces by:a) protecting workers and other persons against harm to their health, safety and welfare through the elimination or minimisation of risks arising from work; andb) providing for fair and effective workplace representation, consultation, co‑operation and issue resolution in relation to work health and safety; andc) encouraging unions and employer organisations to take a constructive role in promoting improvements in work health and safety practices, and assisting persons conducting businesses or undertakings and workers to achieve a healthier and safer working environment; andd) promoting the provision of advice, information, education and training in relation to work health and safety; ande) securing compliance with this Act through effective and appropriate compliance and enforcement measures; andf) ensuring appropriate scrutiny and review of actions taken by persons exercising powers and performing functions under this Act; andg) providing a framework for continuous improvement and progressively higher standards of work health and safety; andh) maintaining and strengthening the national harmonisation of laws relating to work health and safety and to facilitate a consistent national approach to work health and safety in this jurisdiction.(2) In furthering subsection (1)(a), regard must be had to the principle that workers and other persons should be given the highest level of protection against harm to their health, safety and welfare from hazards and risks arising from work as is reasonably practicable.[Quoted from Division 2 of Act]This has implications for Cape du Couedic Lighthouse of Australia as it is related to AMSA staff, contractors and visitors. |\n\n 6.4 Operational requirements and occupier needs\n\nAs a working AtoN, the operational needs of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse are primarily concerned with navigational requirements. Below are the operational details and requirements of the Cape du Couedic light as outlined by AMSA.\n\nNavigation requirement for AMSA’s AtoN site\n\nThe following table is taken from AMSA’s Asset Management Strategy for the Cape du Couedic Lighthouse.\n\n| 1 | Objective/rationale | An AtoN is required at the south-west end of Kangaroo Island to mark Cape du Couedic and to provide a mark for coastal navigation mark for ships transiting north-west / south-east on various tracks.The AtoN also provides warning for Casurina Islets, Lipson Reefs and Douglas Rock that lie between 3 to 8 nautical miles to the south-west and to the south-east/east. |\n| --- | ------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 2 | Required type(s) of AtoN | A fixed structure is required to act as a day mark.A distinctive light is required for use at night. |\n| 3 | Priority/significance | An AtoN at this site is important for the navigation of commercial ships. |\n| 4 | Required measure of performance | The service performance of the AtoN must comply with the IALA Availability Target Category 2 (99.0%). |\n| 5 | Primary and secondary means (if any) of identification | The day mark must be conspicuous. The existing 25m white round masonry tower, red dome and white lantern at an elevation of 103m meets this requirement.The light must comply with the requirements of rhythmic characters of light as per the IALA NAVGUIDE. The light must have distinct characteristics that are easy to recognise and identify. The present group flashing (2) white light every 10 seconds meets this requirement. |\n| 6 | Visual range | During daytime, the AtoN structure should be visible from at least 5 nautical miles.At night, the white light must have a nominal range of at least 15 nautical miles. |\n| 7 | Radar conspicuousness | As the Cape itself provides a good radar echo, no additional radar enhancement is required for this site. |\n\nAMSA’s goals\n\nAMSA is responsible, under the Navigation Act, for maintaining a network of marine AtoN around Australia’s coastline that assist mariners to make safe and efficient passages. AMSA’s present network of approximately 500 marine AtoN includes traditional lighthouses such as Cape du Couedic, beacons, buoys, racons, automatic identification system stations, metocean sensors including broadcasting tide gauges, current meter, directional wave rider buoys and a weather station.\n\nTechnological developments in the area of vessel traffic management have also contributed to increasing navigation safety and helped promote marine environment protection. AMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability of lighthouses set by the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA).\n\nAt the time of preparing this management plan, the major goal for Cape du Couedic Lighthouse primarily encompassed continuing its utilisation as an AtoN (for as long as necessary), while upkeeping the appropriate maintenance to conserve and preserve the heritage values of the lightstation.\n\nLighthouse performance standards\n\nAMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability of lighthouses set by IALA. Cape du Couedic light is designated as an IALA Availability Category 2 AtoN (within a scale of Category 1 to Category 3, Category 1 aids are most critical). Category 2 aids have an availability target of 99.0 per cent.\n\nAccess to the lighthouse\n\nOne practical effect of this performance standard is that the operational equipment and structure of the light need to be kept in good repair by regular maintenance. Routine maintenance and emergency repairs are carried out by AMSA’s maintenance contractor. Should equipment fail in service, the contractor needs reliable access to the site to ensure it is repaired quickly, and AMSA officers need access for occasional inspections of the site including to audit the contractor’s performance.\n\n6.5 Proposals for change\n\nPreventative maintenance works are carried out on the lighthouse to maintain its status as a working marine AtoN, and to assist in the site’s conservation.\n\nA list of scheduled preventative maintenance work is identified within the latest available site inspection report. The information provided below was taken from this report.\n\n| Maintenance | Estimated date of work |\n| ---------------------- | ---------------------- |\n| Lantern room paint | 2026 |\n| LED arrary replacement | 2030 |\n\n6.6 Potential pressures\n\nA significant pressure that harnesses the potential to affect the Commonwealth heritage values of the place would be the obligation to remove or replace original fabric materials from the lighthouse owing to unavoidable and irreversible deterioration. At the time this plan was written, no current plans exist to remove or replace any original fabric materials from Cape du Couedic Lighthouse. Any work proposed will be conducted in line with the heritage considerations and requirements of the EPBC Act.\n\n6.7 Processes for decision-making\n\nProcesses for decision-making are required in the event of an incident that impacts the heritage values of the site. The following incidents are included due to their likelihood of occurrence at Cape du Couedic Lighthouse.\n\n| Incident | Procedure |\n| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Major project/maintenance works proposed | Prepare Heritage Impact Statement on proposed modifications.Submit scope of works and Heritage Impact Statement to the DCCEEW (Cth) and the Department for Environment and Water (SA) for review. |\n| Damage to lighthouse’s fabric (heritage significance) | AMSA or selected contractors assess extent of damage.Seek heritage advice on restoration of heritage fabric impacted.Identify possible loss of heritage value (at both state and Commonwealth level).Seek the appropriate approvals for restoration of heritage fabric impacted.Implement best-practice management of restoration work in keeping with the original character of the place.In the case of a loss of heritage value, prepare report for submission to Heritage Council.Update record-keeping of incident and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Damage to lighthouse’s fabric (no heritage significance) | AMSA or selected contractors to assess extent of damage.Identify possible impact on heritage fabric in any work carried out to restore fabric.Implement best-practice management of restoration work.Update record-keeping of incident and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Light upgrade(removal/replacement of AtoN lighthouse source) | Assess possible loss of heritage value in the event of an upgrade.If necessary, seek expert heritage advice on process of upgrade.If necessary, seek heritage approvals for the upgrade of light.Implement best-practice management of light upgrade work.Update record-keeping and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Modification to lighthouse such as adding of attachment | Assess possible obstruction to light.Seek heritage approvals for attachment to tower.Monitor attachment and update record-keeping. |\n| Unforeseen discovery of aboriginal artefacts on-site. | Immediate stop-work. Create temporary 'buffer' zone and allow no entry in zone until artefacts have been assessed by appropriate personnel.Notify AAR DPC and DEW.Delay work on site until artefacts have been appropriately extracted and/or assessed and further investigations carried out in surrounding area.Update record-keeping of unforeseen discovery and make available to relevant personnel. |\n| Divestment of lighthouse from AMSA | Transfer ownership or control of heritage assets to the SA State Government.Transfer relevant records and historical information held by AMSA to the SA State Government. |\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page with reads '7. Conservation management principles and policies'](image.075.jpeg)\n\n \n\n7 Conservation management principles and policies\n\nPolicies\n\nFabric and setting\n\nPolicy 1 – Protect and conserve the significant external and internal fabric of the lightstation, including existing buildings, layout and setting.\n\nAMSA’s main purpose is to facilitate the ongoing operation of the site as a marine AtoN while preserving the site’s heritage values. As part of a heritage monitoring program, Heritage Asset Condition Reports are produced for each site every two years to evaluate the condition of the heritage fabric and values. Routine servicing is also carried out by maintenance contractors. Regular written reports from these visits will be sent to Asset Management and Preparedness for review and any work requirements identified will be scheduled accordingly. Should for some unforeseen reason the site no longer be viable as a marine AtoN, ownership will be passed to an appropriate state or federal authority to ensure preservation of the heritage assets.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AtoN Maintenance contractor will continue scheduled periodic maintenance of the lighthouse and marine aids to navigation every 12 months to ensure condition is monitored for early warning of deterioration. Schedule must be approved by AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to arrange for maintenance to be carried out on the lighthouse as required while continuing to operate as an AMSA marine aids to navigation.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to arrange for the replacement and upgrading of marine aids to navigation equipment in the lighthouse as required to meet AMSA’s service commitment, in a manner that preserves the original fabric of the lighthouse.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to maintain information on the heritage fabric of the lighthouse including any and all actions, treatments and inspection outcomes within the heritage fabric register. See section 4.1 for fabric register.\n AtoN Maintenance Contractor to continue scheduled heritage monitoring visits to Cape du Couedic Lighthouse and review Heritage Asset Condition Reports.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to conserve all the fabric elements identified as significant in the heritage asset condition report.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to seek expert materials conservation advice when considering repair, restoration and reconstruction of historic fabric. The relevant local, state and federal heritage approvals must be sought prior to repair, restoration and reconstruction.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to assess any development proposals to surrounding area for possible impacts on the heritage values of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, and liaise with the appropriate state or federal heritage authorities.\n- AMSA AtoN Heritage Coordinator to conserve the distinctive character of the lighthouse by collecting photographic evidence and historical documentation of the original fabric.\n\nUses\n\nPolicy 2 – Install and operate equipment in the lighthouse, so it continues to function as an effective marine AtoN, in such a way as to impose the least possible harm to the significant fabric.\n\nCape du Couedic Lighthouse’s use as a working marine AtoN is of high priority. Carrying out maintenance, including upgrades to navigational equipment, is necessary to its function and continued marine safety along the SA coast. In the event of the installation or upgrade to AtoN equipment, proper precaution will be taken to ensure the least possible harm is done to significant fabric.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor to monitor Cape du Couedic’s AtoN equipment every 12 months and propose maintenance in the instance of necessary installation or removal. Proposed maintenance is to be approved by AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness.\n- AtoN Maintenance Contractor and AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to outline all possible risks to significant fabric (external and internal) associated with the installation, removal and operation of navigational equipment.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure works carried out are those that ensure the least possible harm to significant fabric.\n- AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to seek expert heritage conservation advice on best practice management of the site during installation, removal and operation of AtoN equipment.\n\nPolicy 3 – Monitor possible impacts to the site resulting from tourism and control appropriate access to the lighthouse for contractors and visitors.\n\nCape du Couedic Lighthouse is not currently open as a tourist site and access inside the lighthouse is restricted to authorised personnel, such as contractors and AMSA employees. AMSA personnel and contractors require easy access inside the lighthouse precinct and tower for periodical site visits to carry out inspections and routine maintenance.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n AtoN Maintenance contractor to ensure control on access to all buildings within AMSA’s lease area is maintained by periodically inspecting buildings during maintenance visits every 12 months.\n AtoN Maintenance Contractor and AMSA Asset Management to report instances of vandalism through internal channels, assess for impact on heritage values and conduct repairs.\n AtoN Maintenance Contractor to continue remote monitoring of the site and report instances of forced entry.\n AtoN Maintenance Contractor to inspect lighthouse for signs of wear and tear during yearly maintenance visit, and note changes in Heritage Asset Condition Report.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure access to the lighthouse complies with workplace health and safety measures.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure contractors are made aware of the heritage values of the lighthouse.\n AMSA to assess requests for tourism activities.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to ensure access to site is available for Traditional Custodians to maintain cultural traditions.\n\nInterpretation\n\nPolicy 4 – Accurate and relevant interpretation of the history and significance of the place should be made available to site users/visitors and for offsite external research.\n\nAMSA will continue to make information available through the maintenance of site interpretive signage and its website.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- All relevant information concerning the history and significance of the place will be checked for accuracy and updated appropriately.\n Information will be presented primarily as online resources accessible to relevant personnel and the general public. On-site interpretative signage will be installed where possible.\n- This information will be maintained and updated in accordance with changes to the history and significance of the place.\n\nManagement \n\nPolicy 5 – AMSA will continue to conserve the lighthouse in accordance with Commonwealth and SA State heritage listing requirements.\n\nFor works requiring heritage approval, AMSA will obtain permission from any relevant state or federal authorities. Continuous and as-needed conservation works will be undertaken as required.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n Liaise with the relevant Commonwealth and State heritage agencies when proposing work on the site.\n Approval in writing from the relevant Commonwealth and State heritage authorities must be granted for any proposals for development.\n\nPolicy 6 – The cultural significance of the lightstation will be the basis for deciding how to manage it.\n\nThe heritage values or cultural significance of the place must be conserved. This heritage management plan includes relevant background information to support this policy (see ‘Section 3 History’ and ‘Section 5 Heritage significance’).\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n Conserve the lighthouse to protect its heritage values (cultural significance).\n When possible, strive to maintain the original fabric of the lightstation.\n Use the Burra Charter as the primary guide for treatment of fabric.\n Engage appropriately qualified heritage consultants when making decisions regarding impact on heritage values.\n Assess impacts on the heritage values of the place when considering proposed alterations or adaptations.\n\nPolicy 7 – Monitor, review and report the Commonwealth heritage values of the lighthouse every five years or sooner if major changes to the lightstation occur.\n\nThe Commonwealth heritage values of the lighthouse are to be monitored and reported on a regular basis. A Heritage Asset Condition Report is updated for Cape du Couedic Lighthouse every two years. The report records historical information, condition, and maintenance requirements for fabric within the lighthouse to ensure a gain and/or loss of heritage value is identified.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to regularly monitor the lighthouse for possible impacts on the identified Commonwealth heritage values.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to review the current Commonwealth heritage values at least once every five years and assess any gain or loss of values. This review must be undertaken in the event of any major alterations to the lighthouse.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to report any changes to the Commonwealth heritage values of the lighthouse to the DCCEEW (Heritage Branch).\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to update AMSA’s heritage strategy and this plan to reflect any changes identified.\n AMSA AtoN Maintenance Contractor to review and update Heritage Asset Condition Report biennially.\n\nPolicy 8 – Maintain historical, management and maintenance records within AMSA and make available these records.\n\nAs part of the proper process for managing change in significant places, the Burra Charter points out the importance of making records before any change, and advocates placing records in a permanent archive and making them available where this is appropriate. AMSA’s collection of records, which include documents pertaining to heritage intervention, management and maintenance, are subject to this process. Heritage Asset Condition Reports are routinely generated for each heritage lighthouse and stored in AMSA’s record-keeping system. AMSA will continue to practice such processes via records management systems (RMS).\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n AMSA to maintain, review and update records through existing AMSA record management system.\n AMSA to ensure records are made available to the relevant personnel and parties.\n\nPolicy 9 – Develop and provide appropriate training and resources to all relevant AMSA staff, contractors and licensees.\n\nIn order to ensure best practice management of AMSA-operated lighthouses, all staff, contractors and licensees are required to have access to the appropriate training and resources in order to provide best practice conservation of the site.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- Provide staff, contractors and licencees access to up-to-date versions of the AMSA heritage strategy, heritage management plans and fabric registers.\n- When funds are made available, AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness staff will undertake a relevant induction to ensure comprehension of the Commonwealth heritage and EPBC Act statutory requirements.\n- Contractors engaged with heritage sites will undertake appropriate training to ensure comprehension of the Commonwealth heritage and EPBC Act statutory requirements.\n- AMSA representatives will attend Commonwealth-run heritage workshops, programs and conferences for up-to-date information on statutory requirements and best-practice management of sites of national and state heritage significance.\n- All current and incoming tour guides operating within AMSA lighthouses will be required to take the lighthouse tour guide safety induction e-learning module once every two years to stay informed on heritage values, visitor safety and lighthouse duty-of-care.\n\nPolicy 10 – Use contractors and service providers with appropriate experience.\n\nAMSA is to ensure parties carrying out work have appropriate knowledge and use effective methods to ensure conservation of the lighthouse.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n Engage staff and contractors with the relevant experience and expertise concerning conservation of the lightstation.\n Develop and provide the appropriate training on heritage conservation matters for AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness staff and other relevant parties who hold responsibility for heritage management.\n\nPolicy 11 – Seek heritage advice and apply best heritage practice.\n\nAMSA will continue to use in-house heritage expertise, external consultancy, or a combination of both as required in order to successfully apply best heritage practice. Should in-house heritage expertise be limited in responding to a requirement, external heritage expertise will be engaged to address the issue.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n Apply in-house heritage expertise when required.\n Use tools such as the Burra Charter and Working Together: Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places[\\[xlvi\\]](#_edn46) to measure the likely impact of proposals.\n Seek external heritage expertise in the event of limited in-house capability.\n\nPolicy 12 – Appropriate protocol in the event of unforeseen discoveries or disturbances of heritage within the AMSA site.\n\nAMSA’s scope of work rarely involves excavation. Should such work need be undertaken, AMSA will implement a suitable discovery plan and seek advice from suitably qualified personnel as required. In the event of any unforeseen discovery or disturbance of heritage-related items on the AMSA site, notification to the appropriate organisation will occur in accordance with the conditions of the discovery plan. This plan will also be updated accordingly.\n\nNote: In most cases, AMSA’s leases are limited to the immediate vicinity of the lighthouse and therefore this scenario is not anticipated as a likely occurrence.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n Contact SA National Parks (DEW) and SA Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation (DPC) in the event of an unforeseen discovery/suspected discovery.\n- Seek appropriate heritage advice and apply best practice in the event of unforeseen discoveries/disturbances.\n\nPolicy 13 – Make this heritage management plan available to all persons involved in decision-making on the management of the lighthouse and its setting.\n\nThe plan will be made available to all personnel intrinsic to management of the lighthouse and its setting, for example AMSA maintenance contractors, staff and other relevant parties.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n Provide links to this plan via the AMSA publicly accessible website.\n Provide copies to all relevant personnel and parties.\n\nFuture developments\n\nPolicy 14 – Adaptation of the place using methods or processes that minimise impact on heritage values and significance in accordance with the Burra Charter principles.\n\nIt is likely that over time the lighthouse will house new equipment as technology changes and improves. The Burra Charter principles will be used as the basis for decision-making.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n Assess the likely impacts of changes on the heritage values and significance of the place.\n- Preserve the original fabric of the place and do only what is necessary for the continued use and care of the place.\n- Engage expert heritage advice and use the Burra Charter in adapting the place.\n\nPolicy 15 – When required, engage with adjacent landowners to maintain an appropriate setting for the lighthouse in its visual and natural context.\n\nAny changes to the surrounding land, or AMSA leased area, requires careful consideration. AMSA will liaise with all adjacent landowners in the event of any proposed changes that may affect the setting and attempt to influence a positive outcome.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to engage with adjacent landowners through consultation when changes are proposed regarding the wider visual and natural context.\n\nPolicy 16 – In the event of adaptive re-use or divestment (an instance(s) which would no longer place the lighthouse under AMSA control), AMSA will strive to ensure the Commonwealth and SA State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.\n\nIn the event Cape du Couedic Lighthouse is no longer identified as a working AtoN, AMSA will withdraw its standing as lessee and hand over all authority to the lessor. This process must be conducted in line with s 341ZE of the EPBC Act.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n AMSA will negotiate with lessor to have site lease terminated.\n All available heritage information within AMSA’s collection, including this heritage management plan, will be shared with the relevant parties to ensure the Commonwealth and SA State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.\n\nCommunity Involvement\n\nPolicy 17 – Consult with Traditional Custodians and community stakeholders in the preparation of the management plan.\n\nAMSA will give Traditional Custodians and community groups, as well as the general public, an opportunity to review and comment on this management plan through a public consultation process.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n Undertake community consultation when preparing the heritage management plan in accordance with EPBC Regulations.\n- Seek advice from Traditional Custodians and refer to Engage Early—Guidance for proponents on best practice Indigenous engagement for environmental assessments under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).[\\[xlvii\\]](#_edn47) to guide consultations.\n\nPolicy 18 – Manage and record sensitive information appropriately.\n\nSensitive information may be passed onto AMSA during consultation with stakeholders and the general public. This information will be handled in-line with AMSA’s privacy policy.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n- AMSA will record, store and manage sensitive information in-line with its privacy policy.\n- No sensitive information will be included in draft or published heritage management plans.\n\nReview\n\nPolicy 19 – Review this plan within five years of its adoption or sooner if major changes are needed.\n\nThis plan will be reviewed every five years. This review should:\n\n\\- assess the content of the plan.\n\n\\- determine its effectiveness in protecting the identified heritage values.\n\n\\- provide any necessary recommendations for updating or re-writing of the plan. If major changes occur at the site in the interim, this plan will be reviewed and updated earlier than the specified five years.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to review this heritage management plan at least five years after its adoption.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to review and update this heritage management plan in the event of a major change to the lightstation.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to summarise changes implemented within updated plan.\n AMSA Asset Management and Preparedness to submit revised plan for approval.\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page with reads '8. Policy implementation plan'](image.076.jpeg) \n\n8 Policy implementation plan\n\n 8.1 Plan and schedule\n\n```html\n

Key Issue

Management action/task

Policies

Responsibility

Priority

Timeframe

Conservation and preservation

Conserve the lighthouse.

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 14

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

Ongoing

Review the heritage management plan every five years.

18

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

Medium

2028 (5 years following registration)

Make this plan available to all relevant personnel.

7, 13

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

Ongoing

Liaison dealings

If applicable, ensure communication is maintained with adjacent landowners.

15

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Consult with Traditional Custodians and community stakeholders in preparing the management plan.

17

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

Medium

As required

Heritage values

Review the Commonwealth heritage values every five years.

7

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

2028

Consider heritage values when proposing new planning and/or developments.

5, 6, 7, 14

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator and Project Managers

High

Ongoing

Ensure process of re-use or divestment of the site recognises and preserves heritage values.

16

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

High

As required

Conduct heritage monitoring site visit and review Heritage Asset Condition Report every two years.

1, 7

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

Once every two years (ongoing)

Staff and community awareness

Provide relevant training and awareness for management personnel (contractors and site-users).

9

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Ensure the availability of accurate and relevant information on the history and significance of the lighthouse for site-users and visitors.

4

AMSA, AtoN Heritage Coordinator

Medium

Ongoing

Record-keeping/access

Maintain adequate record-keeping of historical, management and maintenance documents. Make these records available.

8

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

Ongoing

Expert heritage advice

Ensure knowledge and advice of heritage experts is used.

10, 11

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Lighthouse maintenance

Schedule periodic maintenance.

1

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

High

Ongoing, reoccurring every 12 months

The implementation of unforeseen discovery or disturbance processes in the event of an accidental discovery.

12

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

As required

Lighthouse access

Secure appropriate access to lighthouse for contractor and visitors.

3

AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness

Medium

Ongoing

\n```\n\n8.2 Monitoring and reporting\n\nAs stipulated by Schedule 7A of the EPBC Regulations, the outlined implementation plan and associated policies listed above are required to be monitored and updated accordingly. The below review process timetable will be adhered to over the next five years:\n\n| Timeframe | Review step | Responsibility |\n| --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |\n| 2026 | Plan’s half-life internal review:Assess strengths and weaknesses of existing planAddress any known impact to the lighthouse’s heritage values | AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness |\n| 2028 | Plan’s full-life review:Consult with internal and external stakeholders on existing planPrepare updated draft plan and consult with the Heritage BranchSubmit reviewed plan to the Minister | AMSA, Asset Management and Preparedness |\n\nOther key actions in monitoring and reporting include:\n\n- ensuring the implementation plan and policies are readily available for all relevant personnel\n- delegating AMSA staff to periodically check the implementation plan is up-to-date and being utilised appropriately by the relevant personnel\n- ensuring the timeframes outlined within the plan are followed\n- delegating AMSA Response staff to review this plan and the associated policies at least every five years and determine whether its contents are relevant and effective in terms of continuing to conserve the place.\n\n \n\n![Decorative cover page with reads '9. Appendices'](image.077.jpeg) \n\nAppendix 1. Glossary of heritage conservation terms\n\nThe Burra Charter, from its first version (1979) and its current version (2013), defined a set of terms that have since been widely adopted in Australian heritage conservation practice.\n\nWhere the following terms are used in this heritage management plan, the particular meanings defined in the charter are intended. The definitions are quoted from Article 1 of the Burra Charter.\n\nAdaptation means modifying a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.\n\nAssociations means the special connections that exist between people and a place.\n\nCompatible use means a use which respects the cultural significance of a place. Such a use involves no, or minimal, impact on cultural significance.\n\nConservation means all the processes of looking after a place to retain its cultural significance.\n\nCultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations. Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and related objects. Places may have a range of values for different individuals or groups.\n\nFabric means all the physical material of the place including components, fixtures, contents, and objects.\n\nInterpretation means all the ways of presenting the cultural significance of a place.\n\nMaintenance means the continuous protective care of a place and its setting. Maintenance is to be distinguished from repair which involves restoration or reconstruction.\n\nMeanings denote what a place signifies, indicates, evokes or expresses to.\n\nPlace means a geographically defined area. It may include elements, objects, spaces and view. Place may have tangible and intangible dimensions.\n\nPreservation means maintaining a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.\n\nReconstruction means returning a place to a known earlier state and is distinguished from restoration by the introduction of new material.\n\nRelated object means an object that contributes to the cultural significance of a place but is not at the place.\n\nRelated place means a place that contributes to the cultural significance of another place.\n\nRestoration means returning a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing elements without the introduction of new material.\n\nSetting means the immediate and extended environment of a place that is part of or contributes to its cultural significance and distinctive character.\n\nUse means the functions of a place, including the activities and traditional and customary practices that may occur at the place or are dependant on the place.\n\n \n\nAppendix 2. Glossary of historic lighthouse terms relevant to Cape du Couedic Lighthouse\n\nA\n\nApron paving – the concrete paving surround the base of the lighthouse tower.\n\nAstragal – the bars which support the glazing of a lantern. They may also support the roof. Simply a framing member between the glazing bars in the lantern glazing. In its true meaning an astragal is a moulding that has a rounded profile. In lanterns this is almost never the case.\n\nB\n\nBalcony – a walk way around the outside of the lantern, used for maintenance and (formerly, when lighthouses were manned) for observing ships. Principal parts are the balcony floor and the balcony balustrade. (Synonym: gallery deck).\n\nBalcony floor – floor of the balcony. Cape du Couedic has a balcony floor of 1909 concrete slab.\n\nBalcony balustrade – a handrail together with its supports. The supports are called balusters. Simply a railing or wall on the outer perimeter of the balcony, to prevent people from falling off the balcony. Generally made of metal stanchions and rails – Cape du Couedic has balcony balustrades of 1909 Chance Bros. cast iron stanchions with iron pipe rails.\n\nBalcony door – door in the lantern base to give access to the balcony. In AMSA lanterns two doors are sometimes fitted but only one is operational. (Synonym: parapet hatch, service room door). Cape du Couedic has iron skin flat frame Chance Bros. balcony door.\n\nC\n\nCandelas – International unit of measurement for the luminous intensity of a light.\n\nCast iron – a mixture of iron and carbon with a relatively high carbon content and a low melting point, produced directly from a blast furnace.\n\nChance Bros – English manufacturer of optical apparatus, lanterns, cast iron stairs, cast iron towers, and other lighthouse components. The Chance family established a glass-making business in Smethwick, England in 1824 and is often described as ‘near Birmingham’. The business was absorbed into the Pilkington group of companies in 1951 and now ceases to exist.\n\nCharacter – pattern of flashes of light emitted by a lighthouse, designed to identify that particular lighthouse.\n\nCopper – a red malleable metal of low resistivity.\n\nI\n\nIntensity – the strength of a light measured by candelas.\n\nIntermediate floors – levels found mid-way up a building. Cape du Couedic has three intermediate floors.\n\nIron – there were two common types of iron used in lighthouse construction; wrought and cast. Older lights will almost certainly contain these iron types. Wrought iron has been worked by hand and is an [iron](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron \"Iron\") [alloy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy \"Alloy\") with a very low [carbon](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon \"Carbon\") content in contrast to [steel](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel \"Steel\"), it also has fibrous [inclusions](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_\\(mineral\\) \"Inclusion (mineral)\"). Cast iron is iron which has been heated until it liquefies, and is then poured into a mould to solidify.\n\nL\n\nLantern – the glazed enclosure, usually of cylindrical or polygonal shape, at the top of a lighthouse, which surrounds and protects the optical apparatus. It contains the optical apparatus, made up of the lantern roof, lantern glazing and lantern base sections.\n\nLantern floor – the level in a lighthouse at which the lantern is installed, and by which access may be gained to the optical system and to the inside and outside of the lantern glazing. The lantern floor is generally at or near the same level as the catwalk and cane be made from steel, concrete, or timber. Cape du Couedic has a lantern floor of 1909 reinforced concrete slab.\n\nLantern glazing – the middle section of the lantern, circular or polygonal in plan, between the lantern roof above and the lantern base below, made up of glass panes held in a framework of glazing bars. On the landward side there may be blank panels in place of glass, or other opaque construction. Types of lantern glazing include: flat & curved trapezoidal panes and curved diamond/triangular panes. Cape du Couedic has curved rectangular glazing panes.\n\nLantern roof – the roof of the lantern. Usually made of copper sheeting over a framework of rafters.\n\nLens assembly – a transparent optically refracting element of glass. The surface is usually spherical in form.\n\nLight source – electric bulbs now illuminate most lighthouses.\n\nLighthouse – the principal structure of a lightstation, generally made up of a lantern, balcony and tower.\n\nLightstation – a precinct containing a lighthouse structure and other related buildings, for example. Keepers’ cottages, store room, signal house.\n\nO\n\nOrder – a shorthand expression of the size of an optical apparatus or lantern. At the time the system of orders was established, when kerosene burners were used, longer range lights needed larger burners, and larger burners needed lens assemblies of longer focal length to ensure a sharply defined beam. Thus in turn the lantern rooms were required to be larger to house these lens assemblies. AMSA historic lantern rooms range from 1st to 4th order.\n\nP\n\nPedestal – part of the optical apparatus, consisting of a metal column or base standing on the balcony floor inside the lantern and supporting the lens assembly and light source. Some later Chance documentation (such as their tariffs 1908) also refer to the lantern base as a pedestal.\n\nT\n\nTower – structure to support the lantern at a sufficient height above the ground. The most common types are the masonry tower, timber-framed tower, cast iron tower, and lattice tower. Cape du Couedic has walls consisting of 1909 sandstone blocks.\n\n \n\nAppendix 3. Table demonstrating compliance with the EPBC Regulations\n\n```html\n

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (Cth) Schedule 7A – Management Plans for Commonwealth Heritage Places

Legislation

Satisfied within

A management plan must:

(a) Establish objectives for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission of the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place

Section 1 – Introduction

(b) Provide a management framework that

includes reference to any statutory

requirements and agency mechanisms for

the protection of the Commonwealth

heritage values of the place

Section 1 – Introduction

(c) Provide a comprehensive description of the

place, including information about its

location, physical features, condition,

historical context and current uses

Section 2 – Cape du Couedic Lighthouse site

Section 3 - History

Section 4 - Fabric

(d) Provide a description of the

Commonwealth heritage values and any

other heritage values of the place

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(e) Describe the condition of the

Commonwealth heritage values of the

place

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(f) Describe the method used to assess the

Commonwealth heritage values of the

place

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(g) Describe the current management

requirements and goals including

proposals for change and any potential

pressures on the Commonwealth heritage

values of the place

Section 6 – Opportunities and constraints

(h) Have policies to manage the

Commonwealth heritage values of a place,

and include in those policies, guidance in

relation to the following:

i. The management and conservation processes to be used

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 14)

ii. The access and security

arrangements, including access to

the area for indigenous people to

maintain cultural traditions

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 3)

iii. The stakeholder and community

consultation and liaison

arrangements

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 15, 17)

iv. The policies and protocols to

ensure that indigenous people

participate in the management

process

Section 7- Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 17)

v. The protocols for the management

of sensitive information

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 18)

vi. The planning and management of

works, development, adaptive reuse

and property divestment

proposals

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 16)

vii. How unforeseen discoveries or

disturbances of heritage are to be

managed

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 12)

viii. How, and under what

circumstances, heritage advice is

to be obtained

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 10, 11)

ix. How the condition of

Commonwealth heritage values is

to be monitored and reported

Section 7- Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 5, 6, 7, 14)

x. How records of intervention and

maintenance of a heritage places

register are kept

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 7, 13)

xi. The research, training and

resources needed to improve

management

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 9)

xii. How heritage values are to be

interpreted and promoted

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 4)

(i) Include an implementation plan

Section 8 – Policy implementation plan

(j) Show how the implementation of policies

will be monitored

Section 8 – Policy implementation plan

(k) Show how the management plan will be

reviewed.

Section 7 – Conservation management principles and policies (Policy 19)

Section 8 – Policy implementation plan

\n```\n\n \n\nAppendix 4. Cape du Couedic current light details\n\nCAPE DU COUEDIC LIGHT - SA\n\n(Est:1909, Unmanned 1957, Optic Upgrade 2008, LED light installed 2020)\n\nIALA AVAILABILITY\n\nCATEGORY: 2\n\nPOSITION: Latitude: 36 03.4780' S\n\nLongitude: 136 42.3250' E\n\nDatum: WGS 84\n\nCHART: AUS 346\n\nBA LIST OF LIGHTS: Q 2010\n\nDAYMARK: White round masonry tower, red dome and white lantern,\n\n25 metres high.\n\nCOLOUR OF LIGHT: White\n\nCHARACTER: Fl(2) 10.0 seconds\n\nFlash: 1.0 seconds\n\nShort Eclipse: 2.0 seconds\n\nLong Eclipse: 6.0 seconds\n\nLENS: 375 mm focal radius\n\nLIGHT SOURCE: LED: Sealite SL-LED-216-W\n\nLANTERN: Chance 12' 1/2\"\n\nSTRUCTURE: Masonry tower, 17.5m to base of lantern.\n\nELEVATION: 103 metres\n\nRANGE: Nominal: 14 nautical miles\n\nGeographical: 25.1 nautical miles\n\n \n\nEndnotes\n\n---\n\n[\\[i\\]](#_ednref1) “AMSA Interactive heritage lighthouse map,” Australian Maritime Safety Authority, accessed October 2020, [https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?\\_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123](https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123)\n\n[\\[ii\\]](#_ednref2) Australia ICOMOS, The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance (Australia ICOMOS, 2013).\n\n[\\[iii\\]](#_ednref3) Peter Marquis-Kyle, Heritage Lighthouse Report: Cape du Couedic (Australian Maritime Systems Group, 2006).\n\n[\\[iv\\]](#_ednref4) Australian Maritime Systems Group, Cape du Couedic Lighthouse: Heritage Asset Condition Report, 5th Revision (Australia Maritime Safety Authority, 2021).\n\n[\\[v\\]](#_ednref5) Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, Flinders Chase National Parl, Kelly Hill Conservation Park, Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area and Cape Bouguer Wilderness Protection Area Management Plans (State Government of South Australia, 2000).\n\n[\\[vi\\]](#_ednref6) Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, Flinders Chase National Parl, Kelly Hill Conservation Park, Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area and Cape Bouguer Wilderness Protection Area Management Plans.\n\n[\\[vii\\]](#_ednref7) “Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, Cape du Couedic Rd, Parndana, SA, Australia,” Australian Heritage Database, accessed October 2020, [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=state%3DSA%3Blist\\_code%3DCHL%3Blegal\\_status%3D35%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3D0;place\\_id=105414](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=state%3DSA%3Blist_code%3DCHL%3Blegal_status%3D35%3Bkeyword_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword_PH%3D0;place_id=105414) \n\n[\\[viii\\]](#_ednref8) “SA Heritage Places Database Search,” Department for Environment and Water, accessed October 2020, [http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageSearchLocation.aspx](http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageSearchLocation.aspx)\n\n[\\[ix\\]](#_ednref9) “Lighthouse, Cape du Couedic Rd, Parndana, SA, Australia,” Australian Heritage Database, accessed October 2020, [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=place\\_name%3DCape%2520du%2520couedic%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3Don%3Blatitude\\_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude\\_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude\\_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude\\_2dir%3DS%3Bin\\_region%3Dpart;place\\_id=7436](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3DCape%2520du%2520couedic%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=7436)\n\n[\\[x\\]](#_ednref10) Garry Searle, First Order: Australia’s Highway of Lighthouses, (SA: Seaside Lights, 2013), 34.\n\n[\\[xi\\]](#_ednref11) “Transcription of Journal of Matthew Flinders,” State Library of South Australia: Encounter 1802-2002 Collection, published 2002, [https://encounter.collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/](https://encounter.collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/)\n\n[\\[xii\\]](#_ednref12) “Cape du Couedic,” Advertiser (Adelaide), December 15, 1905, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4990161](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4990161);\n\nSylvia Marchant, Lighthouse history series: Cape du Couedic, South Australia (Department of Transport and Communications, 1989), 1.\n\n[\\[xiii\\]](#_ednref13) “Kangaroo Island,” The Kangaroo Island Courier (Kingscote), July 24, 1936, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/191252695](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/191252695) ; “Kangaroo Island centenary celebrations,” Northern Angus (Clare, SA), July 31, 1936, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/97771982](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/97771982)\n\n[\\[xiv\\]](#_ednref14) Searle, First Order, 371.\n\n[\\[xv\\]](#_ednref15) “Wreck of the Emily Smith,” South Australian Advertiser (Adelaide), May 24, 1887, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/33748919](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/33748919) ; “Wreck of the Mars,” Narracoorte Hearld, July 3, 1885, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146802528](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146802528)\n\n[\\[xvi\\]](#_ednref16) “Wreck of the Loch Sloy,” Advertiser (Adelaide), May 16, 1899, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/29501509](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/29501509) ; “The Loch Sloy wreck,” Barrier Miner (Broken Hill), May 10, 1899, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/44233583](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/44233583)\n\n[\\[xvii\\]](#_ednref17) “Light on South Neptune Island,” South Australian Register (Adelaide), June 16, 1899, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/54377816](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/54377816)\n\n[\\[xviii\\]](#_ednref18) Searle, First Order, 371; “A lighthouse needed,” Advertiser, November 12, 1902, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4896663](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4896663)\n\n[\\[xix\\]](#_ednref19) “Loch Vennachar,” Colac Herald, October 2, 1905, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87614925](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87614925)\n\n[\\[xx\\]](#_ednref20) Commonwealth Department of Transport, Cape du Couedic: Historical outline (Australian Maritime Safety Authority Archives).\n\n[\\[xxi\\]](#_ednref21) Searle, First Order, 374; “Cape de Couedie Light Station,” Advertiser (Adelaide), November 9, 1908, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5138149](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5138149)\n\n[\\[xxii\\]](#_ednref22) Searle, First Order, 373; Marchant, Lighthouse History Series, 1; “The Cape de Couedie Lighthouse,” Advertiser (Adelaide), October 28, 1907, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5102276](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5102276)\n\n[\\[xxiii\\]](#_ednref23) Searle, First Order, 373; Commonwealth Department of Transport, Cape du Couedic.\n\n[\\[xxiv\\]](#_ednref24) NAA: A9568, 4/8/1.\n\n[\\[xxv\\]](#_ednref25) “Cape de Couedic Lighthouse,” Register (Adelaide), June 29, 1909, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/57866380](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/57866380)\n\n[\\[xxvi\\]](#_ednref26) Searle, First Order, 374.\n\n[\\[xxvii\\]](#_ednref27) Searle, First Order, 374; “Advertising,” Advertiser (Adelaide), April 19, 1909, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5195101](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5195101)\n\n[\\[xxviii\\]](#_ednref28) “Cape de Couedic Lighthouse.”\n\n[\\[xxix\\]](#_ednref29) Searle, First Order, 375.\n\n[\\[xxx\\]](#_ednref30) NAA: A6247, A56/2.\n\n[\\[xxxi\\]](#_ednref31) Searle, First Order, 376; “Accident at lighthouse,” Argus (Melbourne), May 4, 1929, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4003564](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4003564)\n\n[\\[xxxii\\]](#_ednref32) “Cape Du Couedic Lighthouse,” Lighthouses of Australia Inc., accessed October 2020, [https://lighthouses.org.au/sa/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse](https://lighthouses.org.au/sa/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse)\n\n[\\[xxxiii\\]](#_ednref33) Searle, First Order, 376; “Cape Due Couedic Lighthouse.”\n\n[\\[xxxiv\\]](#_ednref34) “Cape de Couedic Lighthouse.”\n\n[\\[xxxv\\]](#_ednref35) Searle, First Order, 375.\n\n[\\[xxxvi\\]](#_ednref36) “Cape de Couedic Lighthouse.”\n\n[\\[xxxvii\\]](#_ednref37) “Injured Lighthouse Keeper,” Argus (Melbourne), May 6, 1929, [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4003854](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4003854)\n\n[\\[xxxviii\\]](#_ednref38) “Cape de Couedic Lighthouse.”\n\n[\\[xxxix\\]](#_ednref39) Searle, First Order, 376-377.\n\n[\\[xl\\]](#_ednref40) “Cape de Couedic Lighthouse.”\n\n[\\[xli\\]](#_ednref41) “Cape de Couedic Lighthouse.”\n\n[\\[xlii\\]](#_ednref42) C.R.W. Brewis, Lighting of the South Coast of Australia, (South Australia: Albert J. Mullett Acting Government Printer, 1912), 19-20.\n\n[\\[xliii\\]](#_ednref43) “Cape de Couedic Lighthouse.”\n\n[\\[xliv\\]](#_ednref44) AMSA, AMSA Heritage strategy 2022-2025, (2022), [https://www.amsa.gov.au/amsa-heritage-strategy-2022-2025](https://www.amsa.gov.au/amsa-heritage-strategy-2022-2025)\n\n[\\[xlv\\]](#_ednref45) AMSA, Annual Report 2021-22, [https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2021-22](https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2021-22)\n\n[\\[xlvi\\]](#_ednref46) Commonwealth of Australia, Working Together Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places: a guide for Commonwealth agencies (2019).\n\n[\\[xlvii\\]](#_ednref47) Commonwealth of Australia, Engage Early—Guidance for proponents on best practice Indigenous engagement for environmental assessments under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) (2016).\n\nReference List\n\nAdvertiser (Adelaide). “A lighthouse needed.” November 12, 1902. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4896663](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4896663)\n\nAdvertiser (Adelaide). “Advertising.” April 19, 1909. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5195101](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5195101)\n\nAdvertiser (Adelaide). “Cape de Couedie Light Station.” November 9, 1908. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5138149](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5138149)\n\nAdvertiser (Adelaide). “The Cape de Couedie Lighthouse.” October 28, 1907. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5102276](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5102276)\n\nAdvertiser (Adelaide). “Cape du Couedic.” December 15, 1905. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4990161](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4990161)\n\nAdvertiser (Adelaide). “Wreck of the Loch Sloy.” May 16, 1899. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/29501509](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/29501509)\n\nArgus (Melbourne). “Accident at lighthouse.” May 4, 1929. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4003564](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4003564)\n\nArgus (Melbourne). “Injured Lighthouse Keeper.” May 6, 1929. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4003854](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/4003854)\n\nAustralia ICOMOS. The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. Australia ICOMOS, 2013.\n\nAustralian Heritage Database, “Cape du Couedic Lighthouse, Cape du Couedic Rd, Parndana, SA, Australia.” Accessed October 2020. [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=state%3DSA%3Blist\\_code%3DCHL%3Blegal\\_status%3D35%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3D0;place\\_id=105414](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=state%3DSA%3Blist_code%3DCHL%3Blegal_status%3D35%3Bkeyword_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword_PH%3D0;place_id=105414)\n\nAustralian Heritage Database, “Lighthouse, Cape du Couedic Rd, Parndana, SA, Australia.” Australia. Accessed October 2020. [https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=place\\_name%3DCape%2520du%2520couedic%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3Don%3Blatitude\\_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude\\_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude\\_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude\\_2dir%3DS%3Bin\\_region%3Dpart;place\\_id=7436](https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3DCape%2520du%2520couedic%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=7436)\n\nAustralian Maritime Safety Authority. AMSA Heritage Strategy 2022-2025. Australian Maritime Safety Authority, 2022, [https://www.amsa.gov.au/amsa-heritage-strategy-2022-2025](https://www.amsa.gov.au/amsa-heritage-strategy-2022-2025)\n\nAustralian Maritime Safety Authority. “AMSA Interactive heritage lighthouse map.” Accessed May 2020. [https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?\\_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123](https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-1996646104.1535497123)\n\nAustralian Maritime Safety Authority. Annual Report 2021-22. Australian Maritime Safety Authority, 2022. [https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2021-22](https://www.amsa.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/annual-report-2021-22)\n\nAustralian Maritime Systems Group. Cape du Couedic Lighthouse: Heritage Asset Condition Report, 5th Revision. Australian Maritime Systems Group, 2021.\n\nBarrier Miner (Broken Hill). “The Loch Sloy wreck.” May 10, 1899. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/44233583](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/44233583)\n\nBrewis, C.R.W. Lighting of the South Coast of Australia. South Australia: Albert J. Mullett Acting Government Printer, 1912.\n\nBull, John Wrathall. Early Experiences of Life in South Australia: And an extended history. Adelaide: Wigg & Son, 1884.\n\nColac Herald. “Loch Vennachar.” October 2, 1905. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87614925](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/87614925)\n\nCommonwealth Department of Transport. Cape du Couedic: Historical outline. Australian Maritime Safety Authority Archives.\n\nCommonwealth of Australia. Engage Early—Guidance for proponents on best practice Indigenous engagement for environmental assessments under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Commonwealth of Australia, 2016.\n\nCommonwealth of Australia. Working Together Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places: a guide for Commonwealth agencies. Commonwealth of Australia, 2019.\n\nDepartment for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs. Flinders Chase National Parl, Kelly Hill Conservation Park, Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area and Cape Bouguer Wilderness Protection Area Management Plans. State Government of South Australia, 2000.\n\nDepartment for Environment and Water. “SA Heritage Places Database Search.” Accessed October 2020. [http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageSearchLocation.aspx](http://maps.sa.gov.au/heritagesearch/HeritageSearchLocation.aspx)\n\nEncounter 1802-2002 Collection. State Library of South Australia. [https://encounter.collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/](https://encounter.collections.slsa.sa.gov.au/)\n\nKangaroo Island Courier (Kingscote). “Kangaroo Island.” July 24, 1936. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/191252695](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/191252695)\n\nKostoglou, Parry and Justin McCarthy. Whaling and sealing sites in South Australia. Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, 1991.\n\nLighthouses of Australia Inc. “Cape Du Couedic Lighthouse.” Accessed October 2020. [https://lighthouses.org.au/sa/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse](https://lighthouses.org.au/sa/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse)\n\nMarchant, Sylvia. Lighthouse history series: Cape du Couedic, South Australia. Department of Transport and Communications, 1989.\n\nMarquis-Kyle, Peter. Heritage Lighthouse Report: Cape du Couedic. Australian Maritime Systems Group, 2006.\n\nNarracoorte Hearld. “Wreck of the Mars.” July 3, 1885. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146802528](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146802528)\n\nNational Archives of Australia: Australian Maritime Safety Authority, Central Office; A9568, Drawings and Plans of Lighthouses and of Associated Buildings and Equipment, 01 Jan 1833 - 31 Dec 1968; 4/8/1, Cape de Couedie Lighthouse \\[Cape du Couedic\\]: Outline drawing showing inside and outside galleries to be constructed ready for fixing, Aug 1909 - 1909.\n\nNational Archives of Australia: Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities, Central Office; A6247, Glass plate copy negatives of Australian coastal lighthouses, 01 Jan 1917-; A56/2, Lighthouses and Beacons - Cape du Couedic, South Australia, 1917 – 1917.\n\nNorthern Argus (Clare, SA). “Kangaroo Island centenary celebrations.” July 31, 1936. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/97771982](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/97771982)\n\nRegister (Adelaide). “Cape de Couedic Lighthouse.” June 29, 1909. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/57866380](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/57866380)\n\nSearle, Garry. First Order: Australia’s Highway of Lighthouses. SA: Seaside Lights, 2013.\n\nSouth Australian Advertiser (Adelaide). “Wreck of the Emily Smith.” May 24, 1887. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/33748919](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/33748919)\n\nSouth Australian Register (Adelaide). “Light on South Neptune Island.” June 16, 1899. [https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/54377816](https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/54377816)\n\nTomlinson, Charles. Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts, mechanical and chemical, manufactures, mining and engineering, Vol II. London & New York: ca. 1866.","sortOrder":7}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This HMP stays within the original statutory purpose required by the EPBC Act and Regulations: identify, protect, conserve and manage Commonwealth heritage values for the lighthouse and immediate precinct (section 1.1; Schedule 7A obligations mapped in Appendix 3). It adds operational detail (maintenance schedules, IALA performance linkage, and implementation responsibilities) but those are operational necessities rather than a substantive widening of scope. The plan does not materially expand AMSA’s jurisdiction or create novel policy areas beyond preservation, operational maintenance, stakeholder consultation and divestment procedures already contemplated by the EPBC framework (sections 6.1, 7 Policy 16)."},"complexity_factors":["Comprehensive length and structure: multi-part plan with 9 main sections plus 4 appendices and extensive figures and tables (fabric register, policies, implementation plan).","Multiple statutory cross-references: EPBC Act and Schedules 7A/7B, EPBC Regulations, Navigation Act 2012, SA Heritage Places Act 1993, Work Health & Safety Act, Building Code/NCC (section 6.3).","Numbered, conditional policies: 19 distinct conservation/management policies with implementation strategies and assigned responsibilities (section 7).","Detailed fabric register: ~30 discrete structural and equipment items described and assessed for condition, integrity and significance (section 4.1).","Implementation plan with many actions: tabulated schedule linking policies to responsibilities, priorities and timeframes (section 8.1).","Monitoring and reporting regime with multiple frequencies: biennial Heritage Asset Condition Reports, 12‑monthly maintenance, five‑year plan reviews and intermediate internal reviews (sections 7 Policy 7; 8.2).","Decision-making pathways: specific incident procedures (major works, damage, light upgrades, attachments, discoveries) with stepwise approval/notification steps (section 6.7).","Stakeholder processes required: mandatory consultation with Traditional Custodians, state agencies and the Commonwealth Heritage Branch for certain actions (sections 1.3, Policy 17).","Interplay between operational standards and heritage constraints: IALA navigation availability targets and practical operational requirements (Category 2 availability) constrain permitted heritage responses (section 6.4–6.5).","Appendices and compliance table: explicit mapping to EPBC Regulations Schedule 7A and glossary of technical and heritage terms (Appendices 1–3)."],"plain_english_summary":"**What this document is, in plain terms**\n\n- This is a Heritage Management Plan (HMP) prepared by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) for Cape du Couedic Lighthouse. It is made under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) (see Introduction, section 1.1).\n- Mechanically, the plan records what parts of the lighthouse are significant (a fabric register), sets out conservation policies and decision processes, prescribes monitoring and reporting timetables, and gives an implementation schedule of who must do what and when (sections 4, 7 and 8). It is designed to guide AMSA’s routine maintenance, upgrades to navigation equipment, site access and any future change in ownership or use (sections 1.1, 6.5, 8.1).\n\n**Who the plan affects**\n\n- AMSA (the lessee and owner/operator of the tower) — responsible for making day-to-day decisions, maintenance and compliance with the plan (sections 1.1, 1.5, 8.1).\n- AMSA’s maintenance contractor(s) (currently AMSG) — obliged to follow the maintenance and heritage-monitoring schedules and report outcomes (sections 1.5; Policy implementation, section 8.1).\n- Commonwealth heritage regulators (Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, DCCEEW) and the Minister — must be consulted for approvals of actions likely to significantly affect Commonwealth heritage values (section 6.1).\n- South Australian Government agencies (the Department for Environment and Water, DEW) — AMSA leases the land from the State and must comply with state park management requirements (section 2.3).\n- Traditional Custodians and local community stakeholders — the plan requires consultation and provision for Indigenous participation and sensitive-information handling (section 1.3; Policy 17 and 18).\n- Contractors, visitors and potential future owners/lessees — the plan sets access restrictions, safety requirements and processes for divestment (sections 2.4, 6.7, Policy 16).\n\n**Why it matters (what it does in practice)**\n\n- It creates a structured, legally required framework that AMSA must follow when it maintains, upgrades or alters the lighthouse. That includes: a fabric register listing significant components; a list of conservation policies that constrain how changes are carried out; a timetable for inspection (heritage condition reports every two years) and review of the plan (every five years); and an implementation table allocating responsibilities and priorities (sections 4, 7, 8, 8.2).\n- The plan ties navigational/operational requirements (AMSA’s duties under the Navigation Act and IALA availability targets) to heritage constraints. That means equipment upgrades and repairs must be balanced against conserving original fabric and may require heritage approvals or Heritage Impact Statements (sections 6.4, 6.5, 6.7; Policies 1–3).\n- The EPBC Act/regulations overlay: actions (including by AMSA) that are likely to have a significant impact on Commonwealth heritage values require ministerial approval; the plan is the AMSA instrument to demonstrate how those obligations will be met (section 6.1; section 1.1).\n\n**Stated purpose and a brief practical test against trade-offs and costs**\n\n- Stated purpose: preserve and manage the Commonwealth heritage values of Cape du Couedic Lighthouse while allowing the tower to continue to operate as an Aid to Navigation (AtoN) (section 1.2).\n\n- Who pays: AMSA funds (its asset-management budget) pay for maintenance, monitoring visits, heritage consultancy and reporting. Where works require additional approvals or external specialists the cost sits with AMSA’s programs and contractors (sections 1.5, 8.1).\n\n- Who decides: AMSA decides routine maintenance and low-impact works (Policies and implementation schedule). For any action likely to significantly affect Commonwealth heritage values, AMSA must prepare Heritage Impact Statements and consult/seek approval from DCCEEW/the Minister and, where necessary, SA Government agencies (sections 6.7, 7 Policy 5, 8.1).\n\n- Incentives and trade-offs: The plan formalises a trade-off between navigation safety/technology upgrades (AMSA’s statutory duty — Navigation Act and IALA performance standards) and conserving historic fabric. Upgrading optics or access arrangements must be justified against heritage impact and may require costly mitigation, alternate technical solutions or approval delays (sections 6.4–6.5, Policy 2).\n\n- Compliance and administrative cost: Acting under the plan brings recurring obligations — biennial heritage condition reports, record-keeping of interventions, reporting to DCCEEW, and periodic plan reviews — increasing AMSA’s recurrent administrative and consultancy costs (Policies 7, 8; section 8.2).\n\n- Implementation risk and operational friction: the lighthouse sits on state land under lease; works outside the AMSA lease, or actions that affect surrounding park landscapes or Aboriginal heritage, trigger state approvals and consultations with Traditional Custodians (section 2.3; 6.1). Natural risks (bushfire) and remoteness make emergency repairs harder and raise the probability of urgent interventions that must still meet heritage constraints (history, section 3.5–3.6).\n\n- Effects on private choice and local business: the plan restricts internal public access to the tower for safety and for protection of the optical equipment (section 2.4; Policy 3). That limits immediate tourism uses of the tower itself, though cottages nearby are state‑managed tourist accommodation (sections 2.2, 3.8). Any future change of use or divestment must follow the divestment protocols in the plan (Policy 16), which will shape the options open to prospective private operators.\n\n- Concentrated benefits, diffuse costs: benefits of conservation are concentrated (heritage interest groups, local community identity, visitors who experience the precinct), whereas costs (maintenance, heritage reporting and possible constraints on technology choices) are borne by AMSA (i.e. the Commonwealth) and its contractors (sections 5.1, 8.1).\n\n**Concrete behavioural changes the plan requires**\n\n- Maintenance contractors must follow a scheduled 12‑monthly maintenance and biennial heritage-monitoring regime, and record all works in the AMSA register (Policy 1; 8.1).\n- Before any significant alteration (e.g. changing optics, structural works, attachments) AMSA must assess heritage impact, seek heritage advice and obtain required approvals (Policies 1, 2; decision processes in section 6.7).\n- AMSA must consult Traditional Custodians and local stakeholders when preparing or revising the plan and when unforeseen Aboriginal heritage is found on site (section 1.3; Policy 17; decision flows in 6.7).\n\n**Bottom line**\n\nThis is a compliance-driven operational manual that ties AMSA’s lighthouse management and navigational duties to Commonwealth and state heritage obligations. It does not change ownership rights or create new private entitlements; instead it prescribes how AMSA (and its contractors) must plan, consult, document and seek approvals when maintaining, altering or divesting the lighthouse and its immediate precinct (sections 1.1, 6.1, 7, 8)."},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":648},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The plan remains focused on its original purpose: managing the Cape du Couedic Lighthouse as a working aid to navigation while protecting its heritage values. The scope covers only the lighthouse tower and immediate leased area (not the adjacent keepers' cottages, which are State-managed). No significant scope expansion is evident — the plan addresses the standard requirements for a Commonwealth Heritage management plan under the EPBC Act."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping statutory frameworks (EPBC Act, SA Heritage Places Act, Navigation Act)","Detailed fabric register with 20+ individual components each assessed for condition, integrity and significance","19 separate conservation policies with implementation strategies and timeframes","Cross-referencing between Commonwealth and State heritage listings with slightly different criteria","Sensitivity-to-change framework categorising works as high/moderate/low sensitivity for each fabric element","Requirement for 5-yearly reviews plus biennial heritage monitoring reports","Integration of Aboriginal heritage consultation requirements with operational navigation needs","Multiple glossary appendices covering heritage conservation terms and specialised lighthouse terminology"],"plain_english_summary":"The AMSA 2023 Heritage Management Plan for Cape du Couedic Lighthouse sets out how the agency will protect and manage this 1909 Commonwealth- and state‑listed lightstation so it remains both a conserved historic place and a functioning aid to navigation. It matters for maritime safety and cultural heritage, affecting AMSA staff and contractors, Traditional Custodians, local visitors and the maritime community, and implements Commonwealth obligations under the EPBC Act to safeguard heritage while allowing essential operational updates."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023","history":"/api/acts/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/history","analysis":"/api/acts/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/cape-du-couedic-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2023/documents"}}