{"id":"F2020L01271","name":"Cape Byron Lighthouse Heritage Management Plan 2020","slug":"cape-byron-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":130499,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2020L01271-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Contents","sectionType":"part","heading":"Contents","content":"# Contents","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"Executive summary","sectionType":"part","heading":"Executive summary","content":"# Executive summary","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"1. Introduction","sectionType":"part","heading":"1. Introduction","content":"# 1. Introduction","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"1.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Background and purpose","content":"### 1.1 Background and purpose\n\nAMSA is the Commonwealth agency responsible for AtoNs. Our network includes the Cape Byron Lighthouse (NSW) built by the Department of Public Works in 1901.\n\nThe Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) requires us to prepare management plans that satisfy the\n\nobligations included in Schedule 7A and 7B of the EPBC Regulations 2000. The principal features of this management plan are:\n\n • a description of the place, its heritage values, their condition and the method used to assess its significance\n • an administrative management framework\n • a description of any proposals for change\n • an array of conservation policies that protect and manage the place\n • an implementation plan\n • the ways the policies will be monitored and how the management plan will be reviewed.\n\n \n\nWe have commissioned this heritage management plan to guide the future conservation of the place.\n\nThis plan provides the framework and basis for the conservation and best practice management of the Cape Byron Lighthouse in recognition of its\n\nheritage values. The policies in this plan indicate the objectives for identification, protection, conservation and presentation of the commonwealth heritage values of the place. Figure 2. shows the basic planning process applied.","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"1.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Heritage management plan objectives","content":"### 1.2 Heritage management plan objectives\n\nThe objectives of this heritage management plan are to:\n\n • protect, conserve and manage the Commonwealth heritage values of the Cape Byron Lightstation.\n • interpret and promote the Commonwealth heritage values of the Cape Byron Lightstation.\n • manage use of the lightstation\n • use best practice standards, including ongoing technical and community input, and apply\n\nbest available knowledge and expertise when","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"1.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Methodology","content":"### 1.3 Methodology\n\nThe methods used in the preparation of this plan are consistent with the recommendations of The Burra Charter. The plan addresses:\n\n • The history of the site based on information sourced from archival research, expert knowledge, and documentary resources.\n • The description of the site based on information sourced from site inspection reports, and fabric registers.\n \n • The Commonwealth heritage criterions satisfied by Cape Byron as set out by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (EPBC Regulations).\n\nThe EPBC Regulation Section 7A (h) (i-xiii)\n\nwas used to develop the necessary policies for management of the Cape Byron Lightstation, and the Department of Environment and Energy advised on best practice management approaches.\n\nThe draft management plan was advertised in accordance with the EPBC Regulations and the comments received were incorporated into the final document. A developed draft was then submitted to the Minister through the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities and in that process the Minister’s delegate sought advice from the Australian Heritage Council.\n\nNo updates or amendments have been made in this version of the plan. Future updates and amendments will be listed here.","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"1.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Status","content":"### 1.4 Status\n\nThis plan has been adopted by AMSA in accordance with Schedule 7A (Management plans for Commonwealth Heritage places) and Schedule 7B (Commonwealth Heritage management principles) of the EPBC Regulations (2000) to guide the management of the place and for inclusion in the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments.","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"1.5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Authorship","content":"### 1.5 Authorship\n\nThis plan has been prepared by AMSA. At the initial time of publication, AMSG is the contract maintenance provider for the Commonwealth Government’s AtoN network including Cape Byron Lighthouse.","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"1.6","sectionType":"division","heading":"Acknowledgements","content":"### 1.6 Acknowledgements\n\nAMSA acknowledges the professional assistance of\n\nconservation architect, Peter Marquis-Kyle.","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"1.7","sectionType":"division","heading":"Language","content":"### 1.7 Language\n\nFor clarity and consistency, some words in this plan such as restoration, reconstruction, and preservation, are used with the meanings defined in the Burra Charter 1. See Appendix 1, Glossary of heritage conservation terms.\n\nAlso see Appendix 2, Glossary of lighthouse terminology relevant to Cape Byron Lighthouse which sets out the technical terminology used in this plan.","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"1.8","sectionType":"division","heading":"Previous reports","content":"### 1.8 Previous reports\n\nA Supplementary Information report on Cape Byron by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd was produced for NSW NPWS in November 2001.b\n\nA Conservation Management Plan was prepared in 2008 by Donald Ellsmore Pty Ltd (and contributors) for Freeman Ellsmore, Conservation Architects and Planners for the NSW Department of Lands and Water Conservation.c","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"1.9","sectionType":"division","heading":"Sources of information and images","content":"### 1.9 Sources of information and images\n\nThis plan has used a number of sources of information. This includes the National Archives of Australia (NAA), the National Library of Australia (NLA), as well as the heritage collection of AMSA.\n\nPhotos with no credit are solely owned by AMSA.\n\nWebsite URLs are found in Appendix 5. and are referenced via superscript letters in main text. Example: Cape Byron Reportx\n\n 1 Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter, (2013)","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"2. Cape Byron Lightstation site","sectionType":"part","heading":"2. Cape Byron Lightstation site","content":"# 2. Cape Byron Lightstation site","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"2.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Location","content":"### 2.1 Location\n\nThe Cape Byron Lighthouse is located on Lighthouse Road, Cape Byron, NSW, 1.6 kilometres from Byron Bay town centre and 143 kilometres\n\n \n\nsouth of Brisbane’s central business district. The Cape is considered the most easterly point of the Australian mainland.\n\nCoordinates: 28° 38.3131’ S, 153° 38.1845’ E","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"2.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Setting and landscape","content":"### 2.2 Setting and landscape\n\nThe lightstation is located on Cape Byron approximately 1.6 kilometres from Byron Bay’s town centre.\n\nSituated atop a rocky cliff, the Cape Byron Lighthouse is surrounded by coastal beaches. The Cape is considered the most easterly point of the Australian mainland.\n\nThe thick vegetation found to its south-south-east is listed under the Cape Byron State Conservation Authority, which hosts the Cape Byron walking\n\ntrack, a trail that loops around the Cape. This region\n\nis registered as a protected area.\n\nDue to its elevated position, views from the\n\nlightstation are uninterrupted.\n\n![view of cape byron lighthouse and surrounding cliffs ](image.013.jpeg) \n\nFigure 5. View of Cape Byron Lighthouse and surrounding cliffs (2005)\n\n \n\nThe Cape Byron Lighthouse precinct comprises of:\n\n • a lighthouse tower and attached pavilion rooms\n • a signal house/flag room\n • a head lightkeeper’s quarters – currently a visitor\n\ninformation centre\n\n • an assistant lightkeeper’s quarters\n • a signal mast\n • a retaining wall\n • steps\n • a toilet block\n • a walkway\n\nAMSA is responsible for the lighthouse tower and surrounding paved area only.","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"Fauna and flora","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Fauna and flora","content":"#### Fauna and flora\n\nThe Byron Bay district is home to a number of native fauna species including flying foxes, koalas, and frogs.\n\nA number of endangered ecological communities have been identified in the Arakwal National Park surrounding the Cape Byron Lightstation. The Graminoid Clay Heath, an endangered ecological community containing a large collective of native plants including, but not limited to, the fern-leaved banksia, hairy bushpea, kangaroo grass, and broad sword sedge.\n\nThe Themeda grasslands, another endangered ecological community, contains the following species:\n\n • Acacia sophorae\n • Banksia integrifolia subsp. Integrifolia\n • Commelina cyanea\n • Glycine clandestina\n • Glycine microphylla\n • Hibbertia scandens\n • Isolepis nodosa\n • Kennedia rubicunda\n • Lepidosperma spp.\n • Leptospermum laevigatum\n • Lomandra longifolia\n • Monotoca elliptica","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"2.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Lease and ownership","content":"### 2.3 Lease and ownership\n\nThe Cape Byron Lighthouse and surrounding land is owned by the New South Wales Government. AMSA lease the lighthouse and land from the NPWS.\n\nThe AMSA lease consists of two parcels with a\n\ncombined total of 639.8 metres-squared:\n\n • Lot 1: 405.4 sq. m\n • Lot 2: 234.4 sq. m\n\nThe current lease was signed on 8 October 1998 and terminates on 8 June 2022. The lease has an option to renew for a period of 25 years. The lease stipulates that AMSA must comply with any applicable management plan and state environmental laws.\n\nDue to the popularity in tourism on the site, there was a tourist licence signed between the NSW Minister for Environment and AMSA on 1 July 1997 and terminates on 13 June 2022. There is an option to renew this licence for a further 25 years.","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"2.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Access","content":"### 2.4 Access\n\nThe precinct has an elevated position and there is only one vehicle access track, a well-maintained sealed road (Lighthouse Road). It terminates as a vehicle parking site at the base of Lot 2 (lighthouse block) between the assistant lighthouse keeper’s cottages and tourism facilities blocks. A restricted vehicle access road exists between the base of the lighthouse and this parking site however all visitors are required to complete the last 80 metres (approximately) by foot.\n\nWalking access is available along the Cape Byron walking track (approximately a 3.7 kilometre loop) which includes the Cape Byron Lighthouse along its State Conservation Area route. These access points are located to the south and the north-north-east\n\nof Lot 2. A concrete apron paving allows walking\n\naccess around the entire base of the lighthouse.","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"2.5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Listings","content":"### ![](image.014.png)2.5 Listings\n\n```html\n

Register

Commonwealth Heritage List

ID

105599f

NSW State Heritage List

02023g

Register of the National Estate

103599

\n```\n\n![view of tallow beach from cape byron lighthouse tower ](image.015.jpeg) \n\nFigure 6. View of Tallow Beach from Cape Byron Lighthouse tower (2009)","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"3. History","sectionType":"part","heading":"3. History","content":"# 3. History","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"3.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"General history of lighthouses in Australia","content":"### 3.1 General history of lighthouses in Australia\n\nThe first lighthouse to be constructed along Australian soil was Macquarie Lighthouse, located at the entrance to Port Jackson, NSW. First lit in 1818, the cost of the lighthouse was recovered through the introduction of a levy on shipping. This was instigated by Governor Lachlan Macquarie, who had ordered and named the light.\n\nThe following century oversaw the construction of hundreds of lighthouses around the country. Constructing and maintaining a lighthouse were costly ventures that often required the financial\n\n![early lamp technology ](image.019.jpeg) \n\nFigure 10. Early technology used in lighthouses 2\n\n \n\nsupport of multiple colonies. However, they were deemed necessary aids in assisting the safety of mariners at sea. Lighthouses were firstly\n\nmanaged by the colony they lay within, with each colony developing their own style of lighthouse and operational system. Following Federation in 1901, which saw the various colonies unite under one Commonwealth government, lighthouse management was transferred from State hands to the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service.\n\n![early lamp technology ](image.020.jpeg)","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"Lamps and optics — an overview","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lamps and optics — an overview","content":"#### Lamps and optics – an overview\n\nLighthouse technology has altered drastically over the centuries. 18th century lighthouses were lit using parabolic mirrors and oil lamps. Documentation\n\nof early examples of parabolic mirrors in the United Kingdom, circa 1760, were documented as consisting of wood and lined with pieces of looking\n\nglass or plates of tin. As described by Searle, “When light hits a shiny surface, it is reflected at an angle equal to that at which it hit. With a light source is placed in the focal point of a parabolic reflector,\n\nthe light rays are reflected parallel to one another,\n\nproducing a concentrated beam”3.\n\nIn 1822, Augustin Fresnel invented the dioptric glass lens. By crafting concentric annular rings with a convex lens, Fresnel had discovered a method\n\nto reduce the amount of light absorbed by a lens. The Dioptric System was adopted quickly with Cordouran Lighthouse (France), fitted with the first dioptric lens in 1823\\. The majority of heritage-\n\nlisted lighthouses in Australia house dioptric lenses made by others such as Chance Brothers (United Kingdom), Henry-LePaute (France), Barbier, Bernard & Turenne (BBT, France) and Svenska Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator (AGA of Sweden).\n\nThese lenses were made in a range of standard sizes, called orders—see Appendix 2. Glossary of lighthouse Terms relevant to Cape Byron Lighthouse.\n\nEarly Australian lighthouses were originally fuelled by whale oil and burned in Argand lamps, and multiple wicks were required in order to create a large flame that could be observed from sea. By the 1850s, whale oil had been replaced by colza oil, which was in turn replaced by kerosene, a mineral oil.\n\nIn 1900, incandescent burners were introduced. This saw the burning of fuel inside an incandescent mantle which produced a brighter light with less fuel within a smaller volume. Light keepers were required to maintain pressure to the burner by manually pumping a handle as can be seen in Figure 11.\n\n \n\n![incandescent oil vapour lamp ](image.022.jpeg)\n\nFigure 11. Incandescent oil vapour lamp by Chance Brothers\n\n![dioptric lens ](image.023.jpeg) \n\nFigure 12. Dioptric lens on display at Narooma","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"3.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"The Commonwealth lighthouse service","content":"### 3.2 The Commonwealth lighthouse service\n\nWhen the Australian colonies federated in 1901, it was decided that the new Commonwealth Government would be responsible for coastal\n\nlighthouses. This included only the major lights used by vessels travelling from port to port, not the minor lights used for navigation within harbours and rivers. There was a delay before this new arrangement came into effect and the existing lights continued to be operated by the states.\n\nSince 1915, various Commonwealth departments have managed lighthouses. AMSA, established under the Australian Maritime Safety Authority Act 1990, is now responsible for operating\n\nCommonwealth lighthouses and other marine aids\n\nto navigation, along with its other functions.","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"3.4","sectionType":"part","heading":"Cape Byron: a history","content":"## 3.4 Cape Byron: a history","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"Indigenous presence","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Indigenous presence","content":"#### Indigenous presence\n\n![](image.026.png)Prior to European occupation, the Bundjalung people (containing the subgroups of Arakwal and Galibal) claimed the coastal lands around Cape Byron (regarded by custodians as ‘Walgun’) as their tribal territories.\n\nThe rich surrounding nature reserve was a key area for hunting and gathering, and also as a camping site 4. Various shell middens have been identified in the area with one site (4-5-0037, the pippi midden) regarded as the oldest dated foredune shell midden on the north coast of NSW with a date estimate of 1440+/- 70 BP.\n\nFurther consultation with traditional stakeholders will be undertaken to gain a greater understanding of Cape Byron’s history. This plan will be updated in future versions to reflect the accumulation of information.","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"Early European history","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Early European history","content":"#### Early European history\n\nCaptain Cook is believed to have been the first European to sight, record and name Cape Byron during his travels along what would become the New South Wales coast in mid-May 1770. Naming the Cape after fellow circumnavigator Vice-Admiral John Byron (1723–1786), it was also on this same day that Cook observed people walking along a beach believed to be just south of Byron 5.\n\nThe region appeared to forgo further European interaction until 1828 when the Rainbow docked in Byron and the ship’s master, William Johns, charted the bay. This remains the earliest known landing at Byron Bay 6.","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"Construction","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Construction","content":"#### Construction\n\nTenders for the construction of Cape Byron Lighthouse were called in March 1900 and Mitchell and King were successfully chosen as contractors for the project at a cost of £9970.\n\nConstruction started in July of 1900 where the area was levelled (undertaken by day labour) and plots were outlined for:\n\n • the lighthouse tower\n • workroom\n • kerosene store room\n • two lighthouse keeper’s cottages\n • a signal station.\n\nHowever, construction was reportedly delayed temporarily owing to the lack of a nearby water source 11. Once construction commenced, the main tower was built out of pre-cast concrete units placed in a cylindrical formation with the workroom and storeroom at its base. A mercury floatation mechanism was installed in the light tower (see Sub-section ‘Equipment when built’ below) which was designed by lighthouse engineer Mr. Douglass\n\n \n\nand erected under the supervision of Mr. HC Cooper (engineer representative of WF Douglass Victoria Street Firm, London). The lighthouse keeper’s quarters were constructed from concrete and tiled roofs.\n\nThe lighthouse was connected telephonically to the Telegraph Office in Byron Bay by means of electric bells.\n\nConstruction was complete by 1901 and it was intended that the Lighthouse be officially opened by the Honourable John See, Premier of New South Wales on Saturday evening, 30 November.\n\nHowever, due to inclement weather, the government steamer Victoria carrying the ministerial party was delayed and the Cape Byron Lighthouse was not officially opened until midday the following day on Sunday 1 December. The light was first lit that night.","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"Equipment when built","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Equipment when built","content":"#### Equipment when built\n\nThe completed lighthouse was regarded highly for\n\nits modern fittings and composition.\n\nAs reported by The Northern Star (local newspaper) on 4 December 1901,","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"3.6","sectionType":"division","heading":"Lighthouse keepers","content":"### 3.6 Lighthouse keepers\n\nThe Cape Byron Lighthouse was manned from its construction in 1901 right up until 1989, thirty years after the introduction of electricity to the lighthouse. Alongside the chief lighthouse keeper and their family, there were also assistant lighthouse keepers who lived with their families on the precinct in their own cottages. The first chief lighthouse keeper stationed at Cape Byron was William Warren and he was accompanied by two assistant light keepers, one being Mr Richard Sullivan. Both men had previously worked on the Solitary Island light. A comprehensive list of the names of those stationed as keepers at Cape Byron has been collated\n\nand a copy is available within the Cape Byron Lighthouse museum. In addition to their lighting duties, the keepers were required to carry out minor maintenance duties on the precinct such as painting structures and managing the roads.\n\nBy 5 December 1959, the same year the lighthouse was converted from kerosene to electricity, the role of 2nd assistant keeper was made redundant. Thirty years later in 1989, the lighthouse was officially\n\nde-manned. The cottages which had hosted the keepers were repurposed. The assistant lighthouse keeper’s residence was converted into a tourism destination with accommodation services. The chief lighthouse keeper’s quarters was converted into an office complete with meeting rooms, an interpretative centre and shop.","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"3.7","sectionType":"division","heading":"Chronology of major events","content":"### 3.7 Chronology of major events\n\n![](image.025.png)The table below details the chronology of major events to have occurred at the Cape Byron Lighthouse.\n\n```html\n

Date

1901

Event Details

Construction of the Cape Byron Lighthouse completed.

Lightstation officially opened by Honourable John See, Premier of New South Wales

1915

Commonwealth takes control of state-owned lighthouses

1920

Lighthouse tower struck by lightning three times during electrical storm, extinguishing the light twice. The head keeper was struck by the second shock and badly stunned. Some damage was observed to the interior and woodwork of the lighthouse, to the wiring, and to the weathervane 14

1927

20 acres of adjoining land reserved for public recreation by lighthouse

1929

Lighthouse tower struck by lightning during electrical storm – suffered some damage to electrical

bells and telephonic communication devices inside the lighthouse 15

1939

Lighthouse Reserve closed to all unauthorised persons indefinitely 16

1948

Weather station installed at Cape Byron Lightstation 17

1959

The second assistant keeper position discontinued

1970s–1980s

Concrete retaining wall constructed onsite

1980

Cape Byron Lightstation added to Register of the National Estate

1985

First stage of Cape walking track opened

1986

Light extinguished manually for final time

1987

Second stage of Cape walking track opened

1988

Cape Byron Trust and Cape Byron Headland Reserve established

1989

Lighthouse officially de-manned

1995

Indigenous Land Use Agreement signed

2004

Cape Byron Lightstation added to Commonwealth Heritage List

2014

Local and international activists ‘occupy’ the Cape Byron Lighthouse in response to the G20 Summit held in the Queensland capital of Brisbane. Seeking to highlight concerns on climate change crisis, the lighthouse was allegedly chosen for it being “an iconic spot from which to broadcast our message” 18

2019

Cape Byron Lightstation added to NSW State Heritage Register

\n```\n\n![](image.033.png) \n\n Prabhu, Harsha “Gee, 20 occupy lighthouse,” Echonetdaily, Nov 18th, 2014, [https://www.echo.net.au/2014/11/gee-20-occupy-](http://www.echo.net.au/2014/11/gee-20-occupy-)\n\nlighthouse/","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"3.8","sectionType":"division","heading":"Changes and conservation over time","content":"### 3.8 Changes and conservation over time\n\nCape Byron Lighthouse has undergone minimal changes since its construction in 1901.\n\nThe small changes made were largely in relation to the light source and electrical systems rather than the structure itself.","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"The Brewis Report (1913)","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"The Brewis Report (1913)","content":"#### The Brewis Report (1913)\n\nCommander CRW Brewis, retired naval surveyor,\n\n \nwas commissioned in 1911 by the Commonwealth Government to report on the condition of existing lights and to recommend any additional ones.\n\nBrewis visited every lighthouse in Australia between June and December 1912 and produced a series of reports published in their final form in March 1913. These reports were the basis for future decisions made in relation to the individual lighthouses.\n\nBrewis’s recommendations for Cape Byron included increasing the power of the light from 145,000 candlepower (cp.) to 545,000 cp. by installing an incandescent mantle.","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"Alterations to the light","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Alterations to the light","content":"#### Alterations to the light\n\n![](image.025.png)Major alterations made to the Cape Byron Light are listed below:\n\n```html\n

Date

31 Jul 1905

Alteration

Occulting mechanism removed –

light’s character altered.

24 Mar 1914

6-wick burner removed, 55 mm IOV kerosene-powered light installed.

Intensity: 545,000 candlepower.

Aug 1922

3 x 55 mm incandescent kerosene

burner installed.

Intensity: 1,000,000 candlepower.

28 Aug 1959

Light converted from kerosene to electricity.

Intensity: 3,000,000 candlepower.

Prior to 1974

100V 2250W Tungsten halogen

globe installed.

Intensity: 2,200,000 candlepower.

1985

Direct-drive motor installed.

10 Dec 1986

Lighthouse fully automated. Chance Bros 185 millimetres drum lens (auxiliary) replaced by a Tideland ML-300 plastic lens (600 candlepower).

1989

Lighthouse de-manned.

2015

Light source changed to Sealite

Light-emitting diode (LED).

\n```","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"Conservation works","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Conservation works","content":"#### Conservation works\n\n![](image.025.png)Large refurbishments have been undertaken at the Cape Byron Lighthouse in recent years in an effort to take proactive measures to preserve the tower’s fabric and materials.\n\n```html\n

Date

1990

Works Completed

Refurbishments carried out by AMSA on pavilion roof (fitted with fibreglass).

2015

All interior lead-based paint coatings stripped from lighthouse tower.

Resealing of the:

• dome

• internal floors

• balcony

• timber windows

• tower base

• murette and catwalk

• glazing cage

• guttering

• internal steel work

• tower external flat roof

2019

• Pavilion roof door replaced

\n```","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"3.9","sectionType":"division","heading":"Summary of current and former uses","content":"### 3.9 Summary of current and former uses\n\nFrom its construction in 1901, the Cape Byron Lighthouse has been utilised as a marine aid to navigation for mariners at sea. Its AtoN capabilities remains its primary utilisation.\n\nThe Cape Byron Lighthouse as a key tourism site developed over recent decades following the de- manning of the light. This provided the opportunity to transform the original assistant keeper’s cottage into a visitor information centre, and to commence guided tours inside the lighthouse. The guided tours remain secondary to the lighthouse’s use as a working AtoN.","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"3.10","sectionType":"division","heading":"Summary of past and present community associations","content":"### 3.10 Summary of past and present community associations\n\nThe Cape Byron Lighthouse is firmly embedded within the Byron Bay community and surrounding areas.","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"Indigenous associations — Bundjalung/Ara","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Indigenous associations — Bundjalung/Arakwal People","content":"#### Indigenous associations – Bundjalung/Arakwal People\n\nThe site continues to hold immense value to the Bundjalung of Byron Bay Arakwal People, who are the native title holders which hold Native Title under the recent Consent Determination from the Federal Court of Australia in April 2019. The Consent Determination established that native title holders are to be exclusively consulted regarding protection and management of Aboriginal cultural heritage within the native title claim area, which includes the Cape Byron Lighthouse.\n\nArakwal people recognise the site to be one of ceremony, learning, spiritual inspiration, and a key part of many dreaming stories. Arakwal people maintain a critical role in the management of\n\nthe Cape Byron Marine Park due to their strong connection to country. The relationship with this country is more than just a place to live. It’s the living, breathing source of all life, their spiritual home and home of their ancestors’ spirits.\n\nArakwal National Park is the first national park in Australia to be created under an Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA) with traditional owners. A joint management agreement between Bundjalung of Byron Bay Arakwal people and NPWS allows both parties to jointly manage and care for country. Through this agreement, a commitment for Arakwal people to be employed and working on country\n\nhas been a success \\- many Arakwal people are employed in a variety of positions working on country and are on the management committees for the park and the Cape Byron State Conservation Area.\n\n \nThe Arakwal National Park, which surrounds the lightstation, remains a significant cultural landscape for Arakwal people. The heathland that forms the park was maintained through back-burning to regenerate plant-growth.\n\nFurther consultation with the traditional owners\n\n\\- Bundjalung of Byron Bay Arakwal people of Cape Byron will be undertaken to gain a greater understanding of the past and present connections on surrounding country.\n\nFor more information on Bundjalung of Byron Bay Arakwal people, go to their website: [http://arakwal.com.au](http://arakwal.com.au/)","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"Local, national, and international assoc","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Local, national, and international associations","content":"#### Local, national, and international associations\n\nDue to its prominent coast position, the Cape Byron Lightstation maintains a number of local, national and international associations.\n\nThe NSW Marine Rescue operates within the Cape Byron Lighthouse precinct with an office onsite, and the Bureau of Meteorology operates a weather station onsite.\n\nWith its position as the most easterly point on the Australian mainland, and its proximity to the Pacific Highway, the Cape Byron Lighthouse site is an established tourist destination.\n\nEvents (for example, weddings and parties) are frequent on the site due to the scenic views and the catering/celebrant facilities that have been made available in recent decades. Additionally, the annual whale migration in the winter months attracts a large number of tourists and locals.","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"3.11","sectionType":"division","heading":"Unresolved questions or historical","content":"### 3.11 Unresolved questions or historical\n\nconflicts\n\nAny unresolved questions and historical conflicts concerning the history of the Cape Byron Lighthouse discovered will be included in this section in future versions of this plan.","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"3.12","sectionType":"division","heading":"Recommendations for further research","content":"### 3.12 Recommendations for further research\n\nResearch is currently being undertaken by local NPWS discovery education staff on the past lighthouse keepers at Cape Byron. Such work will be benefical in determining the full extent of the social value placed on the site within the Byron Bay community.\n\nAdditionally, archaeological investigation of the site may reveal further information on prehistoric and historic uses of Cape Byron to broaden understandings of the site’s intrinsic value 20.\n\n![](image.036.png) \n\n Heritage approvals are essential in undertaking archaeological excavations/investigations within the site.","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"4. Fabric","sectionType":"part","heading":"4. Fabric","content":"# 4. Fabric","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"4.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Fabric register","content":"### 4.1 Fabric register\n\nThe cultural significance of the lighthouse resides in its fabric, and also in its intangible aspects, such as the meanings people ascribe to it, and the\n\nconnections to other places and things. The survival of its cultural value depends on a well-informed understanding of what is significant, and on clear thinking about the consequences of change. The Burra Charter sets out good practice for conserving cultural significance.\n\nCriterion listed under ‘Heritage Significance’ refer to the criterion satisfied within the specific Commonwealth heritage listing (see section 5.1).\n\n![](image.037.png)","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"Description and condition","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Description and condition","content":"#### Description and condition\n\n1901 French-made part-spherical dome of copper\n\nsheets lapped and screwed.\n\n • Ribs – Not visible but presumed to be cast iron\n\nradial ribs.\n\n • Inner skin – Copper sheets screw fixed to ribs.\n • Ventilator – Drum type with wind vane attached.\n • Wind vane – Intact and complete with cardinal direction indicators, spindle, gears, and internal pointer (no index).\n • Lightning conductor – Vertical pole beside ventilator, with four spikes at top, and two braces to ventilator. Eight vertical spikes attached near the gutter.\n • Gutter – Circular ring of cast iron pieces bolted\n\ntogether.\n\n • Handrails – One circular hand rail attached to lantern roof, another attached to top of ventilator drum.\n • Ladder rail – Attached to underside of gutter.\n • Curtain rail – None; curtain hooks fixed to the\n\ntop of each vertical astragal.\n\n • Drip tray – Copper dish suspended under ventilator, with central hole for heat tube closed off.\n\n \n\n • Heat tube support – Framework with eight radial members of rolled ferrous T section, attached to gutter and to central ring.\n\n| Finish | painted |\n| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Condition | intact and sound |\n| Integrity | high |\n| Significance | high |\n| Maintenance | keep in service; prepare andrepaint at normal intervals |\n| Rectificationworks | none |","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"Heritage significance: High","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Heritage significance: High","content":"#### Heritage significance: High\n\nThe lantern roof is an original and essential part of a lighthouse associated with the development of marine aids to navigation along the NSW coast (criterion a).\n\nThe lantern roof contributes to the aesthetic value of\n\nthe lighthouse (criterion e).\n\n![weather vain ](image.038.jpeg) \n![inside of lantern roof ](image.039.jpeg)","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"Heritage significance: Moderate","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Heritage significance: Moderate","content":"#### Heritage significance: Moderate\n\nThe auxiliary light is an essential part of a lighthouse associated with the development of marine aids to navigation along the NSW coast (criterion a).","sortOrder":69},{"sectionNumber":"4.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Related object and associated AMSA artefact","content":"### 4.2 Related object and associated AMSA artefact\n\n![](image.144.png)There is a collection of related objects/associated artefacts that are currently on display at the Cape Byron museum. This museum is located within the tower itself.\n\n```html\n

Phone in Lantern Room

\"phone

Maximo ID

AR0624

Location in lighthouse

Mounted on the internal lantern pedestal wall.

Condition

Good condition.

\n```\n\n```html\n

Diesel lister SR3 genera

\"diesel

tor set Ex Cape Byron

Maximo ID

AR0234

Location in lighthouse

Ground floor – engine

room on plinth as a display.

Condition

Good, decommissioned

– set up at ground floor of lighthouse for tourist viewing.

\n```\n\n![](image.147.png)\n\n![](image.148.png)","sortOrder":92},{"sectionNumber":"4.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Comparative analysis","content":"### 4.3 Comparative analysis\n\nIn terms of design, the Cape Byron Lighthouse closely resembles that of Point Perpendicular Light (first lit 1899) diverging only in lens and lantern manufacture. Cape Byron’s unique Henry- Lepaute lens differed from Point Perpendicular’s\n\n![](image.148.png)1st Order Fresnel lens. Cape Byron’s mercury bath mechanism allowed the lens to revolve at a faster rate (once every 10 seconds as opposed to Pt.\n\n![](image.148.png)![](image.144.png)Perpendicular’s rate of once every 90 seconds).\n\n![cape byron lightouse ](image.149.png)![point perpendicular lighthouse ](image.150.png)![norah head lighthouse ](image.151.png)\n\n![](image.152.png)Figure 17. a) Cape Byron Lighthouse (lit 1901)\n\n Point Perpendicular Lighthouse (lit 1899)\n Norah Head Lighthouse (lit 1903).","sortOrder":93},{"sectionNumber":"5. Heritage significance","sectionType":"part","heading":"5. Heritage significance","content":"# 5. Heritage significance","sortOrder":94},{"sectionNumber":"5.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Commonwealth heritage list — Cape Byron Lighthouse","content":"### 5.1 Commonwealth heritage list – Cape Byron Lighthouse","sortOrder":95},{"sectionNumber":"Statement of Commonwealth heritage","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Statement of Commonwealth heritage","content":"#### Statement of Commonwealth heritage\n\nsignificance\n\nThe following statement of significance is taken from the Cape Byron Lighthouse listing on the Australian Heritage Database (Place ID: 105599):\n\nCape Byron Lighthouse, opened in 1901, is significant as an important element in the establishment of marine aids to navigation along the New South Wales coast, and is important for its association with east coast\n\nshipping since the beginning of the twentieth century. (Criterion a.) (Themes: 3.8.1 Shipping to and from Australian ports, 3.16.1 Dealing with hazards and disasters)\n\nThe Lighthouse is technically important for its early concrete block construction, for having been the first Australian installation of a mercury float mechanism pedestal, and for being the only Henry-Lepaute optic in Australia. (Criteria f. and b.)\n\nThe Lighthouse is dramatically located on\n\n![](image.155.png)the top of a windswept cliff and is a dominant landscape feature free of modern intrusions. It has notable aesthetic values. (Criterion e.)\n\n \n\nThe place, located at the most easterly point of the Australian mainland, is visited by large numbers of people each year and has a high profile in the public imagination. It is well known as a key whale-watching spot. Its social value is considerable. (Criterion g.)","sortOrder":96},{"sectionNumber":"Commonwealth heritage values — criteria","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Commonwealth heritage values — criteria","content":"#### Commonwealth heritage values – criteria\n\nThere are nine criteria for inclusion in the Commonwealth Heritage List – meeting any one of these is sufficient for listing a place. These criteria are similar to those used in other commonwealth, state and local heritage legislation, although thresholds differ. In the following sections, the Cape Byron Lighthouse is discussed in relation to each of the criteria as based on the current Commonwealth heritage listing.","sortOrder":97},{"sectionNumber":"5.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"NSW State Heritage Register — Cape Byron Lightstation","content":"### 5.2 NSW State Heritage Register – Cape Byron Lightstation\n\nThe following information details the Cape Byron Lightstation listing on the NSW State Heritage Register.","sortOrder":98},{"sectionNumber":"NSW State Heritage Register — statement ","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"NSW State Heritage Register — statement of","content":"#### NSW State Heritage Register – statement of\n\nheritage significance\n\nThe following statement is taken from the Cape Byron Lightstation listing on the NSW State heritage register (place ID: 02023):\n\nThe Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable items) is of state heritage significance as one of the last major lightstations that completed the ‘highway of lights’ that has illuminated the NSW\n\ncoastline since the 19th century. Among the final components of the string of lights that provided protection, navigational guidance and safe passage to the important colonial shipping industry, the Cape Byron Lightstation is a representative example of the system\n\nof lightstations that collectively reflect the logistical management and technical evolution of coastal infrastructure in NSW.\n\nThe design and layout of the Cape Byron Lightstation is architecturally consistent with the earlier stations but implemented technical advancements, such as precast concrete block construction and the Henry-Lepaute feu eclair lens system on a rotating mercury float mechanism, which were available at the turn of the 20th century. Today, these aspects of the Cape Byron Lightstation are considered to be rare in NSW.\n\nThe Cape Byron Lightstation includes three original moveable items which contribute to the significance of the site, including the 15 inch Chance Bros & Co red sector light (1889) on a cast iron pedestal; original curved timber desk (1899-1901); and clockwork winch used to drive the lens carriage (1901).\n\n \nThe spectacular scenery and beauty of the Cape Byron Lightstation, its siting on the most eastern point of the Australian mainland and the convergence of the natural and cultural environment on the headland is of great aesthetic significance. The evocative image of the tower standing against the expanse\n\nof the Pacific Ocean resonates with the NSW community, making the lightstation an important landmark and tourist destination in\n\nthe state. What is now a recognisable and well known image both locally and internationally, the Cape Byron Lightstation is the most highly visited lightstation in Australia.\n\nThe Cape Byron headland is also of great traditional and contemporary significance to the Arakwal people. As custodians of their country, the Arakwal people hold an important and active role in the joint care and management of the reserve (which incorporates the lightstation) and undertake educational initiatives at the site to promote and raise awareness of the Aboriginal\n\ncultural heritage of the cape. Named Walgun (meaning ‘The Shoulder’), today the Cape Byron headland is a place where both the traditional and contemporary cultural of the Arakwal people is practiced and celebrated.","sortOrder":99},{"sectionNumber":"NSW State heritage values — criterion","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"NSW State heritage values — criterion","content":"#### NSW State heritage values – criterion\n\nInformation from the table below was taken from the Cape Byron Lightstation listing on the New South Wales State heritage register (Place ID: 02023):","sortOrder":100},{"sectionNumber":"5.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Condition and integrity of the Commonwealth heritage values","content":"### 5.3 Condition and integrity of the Commonwealth heritage values\n\nA heritage monitoring program was implemented in 2016. Each site is visited and reviewed every two years where the heritage fabric and values of the site is evaluated. Assessment of the condition and integrity of lighthouse’s values are derived from the latest available Heritage Asset Condition Report produced by AMSA’s maintenance contractor.\n\n \n\nAs a whole, the Cape Byron Lighthouse demonstrates fair-good condition. Minor cracking is visible within the concrete walls of the tower and pavilion rooms (routine monitoring of these cracks are carried out periodically). The lighthouse also\n\ndemonstrates medium-high integrity. Some changes to the lighthouse, such as the removal/alteration of\n\n![](image.157.png)a) the weight tube clockwork mechanism, and b) the occulting mechanism, have had a slight impact on integrity.","sortOrder":101},{"sectionNumber":"5.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Gain or loss of heritage values","content":"### 5.4 Gain or loss of heritage values\n\nEvidence for the potential gain or loss of heritage values will be documented within this section of future versions of this heritage management plan.","sortOrder":102},{"sectionNumber":"6. Opportunities and constraints","sectionType":"part","heading":"6. Opportunities and constraints","content":"# 6. Opportunities and constraints","sortOrder":103},{"sectionNumber":"6.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Implications arising from","content":"### 6.1 Implications arising from\n\nsignificance\n\nThe statement of significance (section 5.1 above) demonstrates that the Cape Byron Lighthouse is a place of considerable heritage value due to its contribution to the establishment of New South\n\nWales’ ‘highway of lights’, and its assistance to east\n\ncoast shipping at the turn of the twentieth century.\n\nThe implication arising from this assessment is that key aspects of the place should be conserved to retain this significance. The key features requiring conservation include:\n\n • the continued use of the lighthouse as an AtoN\n • the architectural quality of the building\n • the Henry-Lepuate lens, and rotating mercury\n\npedestal\n\n • the moveable artefacts (Diesel lister SR3 generator ex Cape Byron, original clockwork mechanism, phone in lantern room, and original curved visitors desk)\n • the interior spaces and features (which are notable for their design, details, and/or their original lighthouse function). These include:\n \\- North and south pavilion rooms\n \\- Intermediate floors\n \\- Ground floor\n \\- Spiral staircase and weight tube\n \\- Lantern room\n \\- Lens assembly\n • the external spaces and features (which are notable for their design, details, and/or their original lighthouse function). These include:\n \\- Lantern roof and glazing\n \\- External catwalk, and balcony\n \\- Lighthouse walls, windows\n \\- Pavilion room walls and windows\n \\- Pavilion roof\n \\- Pavilion doors\n \\- Apron paving","sortOrder":104},{"sectionNumber":"Referral and approvals of action","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Referral and approvals of action","content":"#### Referral and approvals of action\n\nThe EPBC Regulations 2000 requires approval from the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water,\n\nPopulation and Communities for all actions likely to have a significant impact on matters of National Environmental Significance (NES).\n\nThe Regulations provides that actions:\n\n • taken on Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment will require the approval of the Minister\n • taken outside Commonwealth land which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment on Commonwealth land, will require the approval by the Minister\n • taken by the Australian Government or its agencies which are likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere will require approval by the Minister.\n\nThe definition of ‘environment’ in the EPBC Regulations 2000 includes the cultural heritage values of places.","sortOrder":105},{"sectionNumber":"Heritage Strategy","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Heritage Strategy","content":"#### Heritage Strategy\n\nIf an Australian Government agency owns or controls one or more places with Commonwealth heritage values, it must prepare a heritage strategy within two years from the first time they own or control a heritage place (section 341ZA).\n\nA heritage strategy is a written document that integrates heritage conservation and management within an agency’s overall property planning and management framework. Its purpose is to help an agency manage and report on the steps it has taken to protect and conserve the commonwealth heritage values of the properties under its ownership or control.\n\nThe heritage strategy for AMSA’s AtoN assets was completed and approved by the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment in 2018 and is available online.i","sortOrder":106},{"sectionNumber":"Heritage Asset Condition Report","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Heritage Asset Condition Report","content":"#### Heritage Asset Condition Report\n\nA heritage asset condition report is a written document that details the heritage fabric of a site with an in-depth description of each architectural and structural element. The document includes: a brief history of the site, the Commonwealth Heritage statement of significance and value criteria, a heritage significance rating for each individual element, and a catalogue of artefacts on-site.\n\nThe document is also accompanied by up-to-date\n\nphotos of each structural element.\n\nThis document operates as a tool for heritage\n\nmonitoring, and is reviewed and updated biennially.","sortOrder":107},{"sectionNumber":"6.2","sectionType":"division","heading":"Framework: sensitivity to change","content":"### 6.2 Framework: sensitivity to change\n\nOwing to the site’s desired intactness and aesthetic qualities, the Cape Byron Lighthouse is of high significance. Therefore, work actioned by AMSA\n\non the lighthouse’s fabric harnesses the potential to reduce or eradicate the significance of the site’s heritage values.\n\nConservation works, including restoration and reconstruction, or adaption works of the absolute minimum so as to continue the lighthouse’s usefulness as an AtoN are the only works that should be actioned by AMSA on Cape Byron Lighthouse. Some exceptions are made for health and safety requirements, however any and all work carried out must be conducted in line with heritage considerations and requirements of the EPBC Act.\n\nThe table below demonstrates the level of sensitivity attributed to the various elements of the fabric register in the face of change. These are measured on a high-moderate-low spectrum depending on the action’s possible threat to the site’s heritage values (definitions listed below).","sortOrder":108},{"sectionNumber":"High sensitivity","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"High sensitivity","content":"#### \nHigh sensitivity\n\nHigh sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a major threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or the lightstation as a whole. A major threat is one that would lead to substantial or total loss of the heritage value.","sortOrder":109},{"sectionNumber":"Moderate sensitivity","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Moderate sensitivity","content":"#### Moderate sensitivity\n\nModerate sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose a moderate threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, or would pose a threat to the heritage significance of a specific fabric in another part of the building. A moderate threat is one that would diminish the heritage value, or diminish the ability of an observer to appreciate the value.","sortOrder":110},{"sectionNumber":"Low sensitivity","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Low sensitivity","content":"#### Low sensitivity\n\nLow sensitivity to change includes instances wherein a change would pose little to no threat to the heritage value of a specific fabric, and would pose little to no threat to heritage significance in another part of the building.","sortOrder":111},{"sectionNumber":"6.3","sectionType":"division","heading":"Statutory and legislative requirements","content":"### 6.3 Statutory and legislative requirements\n\nThe table below lists the relevant Acts, Regulations and Codes associated with the management of\n\n![](image.158.png)AMSA’s Commonwealth heritage lightstations.\n\n```html\n

Act or Code

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

Description

The Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) requires agencies to prepare management plans that satisfy the obligations included in Schedule 7A and 7B of the EPBC Regulations 2000.

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000

Schedule 7B

The Commonwealth Department of the Environment and Energy has determined

these principles as essential for guidance in managing heritage properties.

• The objective in managing Commonwealth Heritage places is to identify, protect, conserve, present and transmit, to all generations, their Commonwealth Heritage values.

• The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should use the best available knowledge, skills and standards for those places, and include ongoing technical and community input to decisions and actions that may have a significant impact on their Commonwealth Heritage values.

• The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should respect all heritage values of the place and seek to integrate, where appropriate, any Commonwealth, state, territory and local government responsibilities for those places.

• The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should ensure that their use and presentation is consistent with the conservation of their Commonwealth Heritage values.

• The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should make timely and

appropriate provision for community involvement, especially by people who:

(a) have a particular interest in, or associations with, the place; and

(b) may be affected by the management of the place;

• Indigenous people are the primary source of information on the value of their heritage and that the active participation of indigenous people in identification, assessment and management is integral to the effective protection of indigenous heritage values.

• The management of Commonwealth Heritage places should provide for regular monitoring, review and reporting on the conservation of Commonwealth Heritage values.

AMSA Heritage Strategy 2018

As the custodian of many iconic sites, AMSA has long recognised the importance

of preserving their cultural heritage.

This Heritage Strategy is in response to section 341ZA of the EPBC Regulations which obliges AMSA to prepare and maintain a heritage strategy, along with obliging AMSA to:

• Assist in identification, assessment and monitoring of places of heritage value in its care;

• Prepare and maintain a register of its places of heritage value;

• Protect the heritage value of places when they are sold or leased;

• Provide this heritage strategy, and any subsequent major updates, to the

relevant minister.

The strategy derives from the AMSA Corporate Plan and achievements are reported through the AMSA Annual Report. The 2018-19 AMSA Annual report can be found online.j

\n```","sortOrder":112},{"sectionNumber":"6.4","sectionType":"division","heading":"Operational requirements and occupier needs","content":"### 6.4 Operational requirements and occupier needs\n\n \n\nAs a working AtoN, the operational needs of the Cape Byron Lighthouse are primarily concerned with navigational requirements. Below are the operational details and requirements of the Cape Byron light as outlined by AMSA.","sortOrder":113},{"sectionNumber":"AMSA’s goals","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"AMSA’s goals","content":"#### AMSA’s goals\n\nAMSA is responsible, under the Navigation Act 2012, for maintaining a network of marine aids to navigation around Australia’s coastline assisting mariners to make safe and efficient passages.\n\nAMSA’s present network of approximately 480 marine aids to navigation at 385 sites includes traditional lighthouses (like the Cape Byron Lighthouse), beacons, buoys, racons, differential global positioning system, and automatic identification system stations, MET-Ocean sensors including broadcasting tide gauges, current meter, directional wave rider buoys and a weather station.\n\nTechnological developments in the area of vessel traffic management have also contributed to increase the safety of navigation and helped promote marine environment protection. AMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability\n\nof lighthouses set by the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA).\n\nAt the time of preparing this management plan, the major goal for the Cape Byron Lighthouse primarily encompassed continuing its utilisation as an AtoN (for as long as necessary), while up-keeping the appropriate maintenance to conserve and preserve the heritage values of the lightstation.","sortOrder":114},{"sectionNumber":"Lighthouse performance standards","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lighthouse performance standards","content":"#### Lighthouse performance standards\n\nAMSA aims to meet international standards for the reliability of lighthouses set by the International Association of Marine AtoN and IALA. The Cape Byron light is designated as an IALA Availability Category 2 aid to navigation (within a scale of Category 1 to Category 3, Category 1 aids are most critical). Category 2 aids have an availability target of 99.0 per cent.","sortOrder":115},{"sectionNumber":"Access to the lighthouse","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Access to the lighthouse","content":"#### Access to the lighthouse\n\nOne practical effect of this performance standard is that the operational equipment and structure of the light need to be kept in good repair by regular preventative maintenance and that equipment that fails while in service is repaired quickly.\n\n \nRoutine maintenance and emergency repairs are carried out by AMSA’s maintenance contractor. The contractor needs to have a reliable way to get access to the site for this work, and AMSA officers also need access for occasional inspections of the site including for auditing of the contractor’s performance.","sortOrder":116},{"sectionNumber":"6.5","sectionType":"division","heading":"Proposals for change","content":"### 6.5 Proposals for change\n\nPreventative maintenance works are carried out on the lightstation to maintain its status as a working marine AtoN and to assist in the site’s conservation.\n\n![](image.159.png)A list of scheduled preventative maintenance work is identified within the 08/03/2019 AMSG site inspection report. The information provided below was taken from this report:\n\n```html\n

Maintenance description

Cape Byron main light motor no. 1 changeout

Expected maintenance date

31/12/2020

Cape Byron main light motor no. 2

changeout

31/12/2020

Cape Byron reseal glazing

26/05/2021

Cape Byron lantern room paint

26/05/2021

Cape Byron auxiliary light lantern change

03/02/2022

Cape Byron LED array replacement

01/06/2024

Cape Byron structure paint

01/06/2025

\n```","sortOrder":117},{"sectionNumber":"6.6","sectionType":"division","heading":"Potential pressures","content":"### 6.6 Potential pressures\n\nIn the case of Cape Byron, the mercury float mechanism found within the lighthouse tower may create a hazardous environment in the event of a spill and the release of mercury vapours. AMSA continually reviews the presence of mercury on their sites.\n\n \n\nAMSA’s long term strategy in maintaining heritage assets incorporates the future modification of the pedestal by removing the mercury when a suitable alternative is found. At the time of preparing this management plan, no plans have been made to modify the mercury float mechanism.\n\nThe increasing amount of tourism identified at Cape Byron harnesses the potential to cause additional wear and tear to the precinct.","sortOrder":118},{"sectionNumber":"6.7","sectionType":"division","heading":"Process for decision-making","content":"### 6.7 Process for decision-making\n\n \nProcesses for decision-making are required in the event of Incidents that impact the heritage values of the site. The following Incidents are included due to their likelihood of occurrence at the Cape Byron Lighthouse.","sortOrder":119},{"sectionNumber":"7. Conservation management policies","sectionType":"part","heading":"7. Conservation management policies","content":"# 7. Conservation management policies","sortOrder":120},{"sectionNumber":"Policies","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policies","content":"#### Policies\n\nNote: The management of sensitive information is not relevant to AMSA’s heritage strategy and therefore bears no relevance in this management plan.","sortOrder":121},{"sectionNumber":"Fabric and setting","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Fabric and setting","content":"#### Fabric and setting\n\nPolicy 1 – Protect and conserve the significant external and internal fabric of the lightstation, including existing buildings, layout and setting.\n\nAMSA’s main purpose is to facilitate ongoing operation of the site as a marine AtoN while preserving the site’s heritage values. As part of a heritage monitoring program, Heritage Asset\n\nCondition Reports are produced for each site every two years which evaluates the condition of the heritage fabric and values. Routine servicing is also carried out by maintenance contractors. Regular written reports from these visits will be sent to AMSA for review and any work requirements identified will be scheduled accordingly.\n\nShould for some unforeseen reason the site no longer be viable as a marine AtoN, ownership will be passed to an appropriate state of federal authority to ensure preservation of the heritage assets.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Continue scheduled periodic maintenance of the lighthouse and marine aid to navigation to ensure its condition is monitored for early warning of deterioration.\n • Continue the scheduled heritage monitoring visits to Cape Byron and review Heritage Asset Condition Reports.\n • Arrange for maintenance to be carried out on the lighthouse as required while continuing to operate as an AMSA marine aid to navigation.\n • Continue replacement and upgrading of marine aid to navigation equipment in the lighthouse as required to meet AMSA’s service commitment, in a manner that preserves the original fabric of the lighthouse.\n\n \n\n • Maintain information on the heritage fabric of the lighthouse including any and all actions, treatments and inspection outcomes within the heritage fabric register. See section 4.1 for fabric register.\n • Conserve all the fabric elements identified as significant in the heritage fabric register.\n • If necessary, seek expert materials conservation advice when considering repair, restoration and reconstruction of historic fabric.\n • Conserve the distinctive character of the lightstation by:\n\n– Collecting photographic evidence and\n\nhistorical documentation of the original fabric.","sortOrder":122},{"sectionNumber":"Uses","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Uses","content":"#### Uses\n\nPolicy 2 – Install and operate equipment in the lighthouse, so that it continues to function as an effective marine aid to navigation, in such a way as to impose the least possible harm to the significant fabric.\n\nCape Byron Lighthouse’s utilisation as a working marine aid to navigation is of high priority. The carrying out of maintenance (including upgrades to navigational equipment) is necessary to its function and to the continuation of marine safety along the NSW coast. In the event of the installation and/or upgrade to AtoN equipment, proper precaution will be taken to ensure the least possible harm is done to significant fabric.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Monitor Cape Byron’s AtoN equipment and propose maintenance in the instance of necessary installation/removal.\n • Outline all possible risks to significant fabric (external and internal) associated with the installation/removal/operation of navigational equipment.\n • Ensure works carried out are those that ensure\n\nthe least possible harm to significant fabric.","sortOrder":123},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 3 — Monitor possible impacts to t","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 3 — Monitor possible impacts to the site resulting from tourism, and control appropriate access to the lighthouse for contractors and visitors.","content":"#### Policy 3 – Monitor possible impacts to the site resulting from tourism, and control appropriate access to the lighthouse for contractors and visitors.\n\nThe Cape Byron Lighthouse attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors per year and its location and layout allows relatively easy public access both night and day. Although access inside the lighthouse is restricted to authorised personnel only (for example contractors, AMSA employees), official tour groups also oversee the admittance of tourists from sunrise to sunset. AMSA personnel and contractors require easy access inside the lighthouse precinct and tower for periodical site visits to carry out inspections and routine maintenance.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Ensure control on access to all buildings within the precinct is maintained by periodically inspecting restricted-access areas on the precinct and enforcing security checks.\n • Inspect lighthouse for signs of wear and tear attributed to visitor intake.\n • The maintenance of the light holds priority over official tours being conducted inside the lighthouse (some delays in the tour guide\n\nservice may be required during inspections and\n\nroutine maintenance).\n\n • Ensure access to the lightstation complies with workplace health and safety measures.\n • Ensure general admittance inside the lighthouse\n\nis managed and monitored by NPWS.","sortOrder":124},{"sectionNumber":"Interpretation","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Interpretation","content":"#### \nInterpretation\n\nPolicy 4 – Accurate and relevant interpretation of the history and significance of the place should be made available to site users/visitors and for offsite external research.\n\nAMSA will continue to have this information available through the maintenance of site interpretive signage and via its publicly accessible website.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • All relevant information concerning the history and significance of the place will be checked for accuracy and updated appropriately.\n • Information will be presented in the form of on- site interpretative signage and online resource files — accessible to both relevant personnel and the general public.\n • This information will be maintained and updated in accordance with changes to the history and significance of the place.","sortOrder":125},{"sectionNumber":"Management","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Management","content":"#### Management\n\nPolicy 5 – AMSA will continue to conserve the lighthouse in accordance with Commonwealth and NSW State listing requirements.\n\nFor work’s requiring heritage approval, AMSA will obtain permission from any relevant state or federal authorities. Conservation works will be undertaken as required.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Liaise with the relevant federal agencies when proposing work on the site.\n • Approval in writing must be granted for any proposals for development.","sortOrder":126},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 6 — The cultural significance of ","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 6 — The cultural significance of the lightstation will be the basis for deciding how to manage it.","content":"#### Policy 6 – The cultural significance of the lightstation will be the basis for deciding how to manage it.\n\nThe heritage values (cultural significance) of\n\nthe place are to be conserved. This heritage management plan includes relevant background information to support this policy – in particular Section 3. ‘History’ above.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Conserve the lightstation to protect its heritage\n\nvalues (cultural significance).\n\n • When possible, strive to maintain the original\n\nfabric of the lightstation.\n\n • Utilise the Burra Charter as the primary guide for the treatment of fabric.\n • Engage appropriately qualified heritage consultants when making decisions regarding impact on heritage values.\n • Assess impacts on the heritage values of the place when considering proposed alterations or adaptations.","sortOrder":127},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 7 — Monitor, review and report th","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 7 — Monitor, review and report the Commonwealth heritage values of the lightstation every five years or sooner if major changes to the lightstation occur.","content":"#### Policy 7 – Monitor, review and report the Commonwealth heritage values of the lightstation every five years or sooner if major changes to the lightstation occur.\n\nThe Commonwealth heritage values of the lighthouse are to be monitored and reported on a regular basis. A Heritage Asset Condition report is updated for Cape Byron Lighthouse every two\n\nyears which records historical information, condition, and maintenance requirements for fabric within the lighthouse to ensure a gain and/or loss of heritage value is identified.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Regularly monitor the lightstation for possible impacts on the identified Commonwealth heritage values.\n\n \n\n • Review the current Commonwealth heritage values at least once every five years and assess any gain/loss of values.\n • This review must be undertaken in the event of any major alterations to the lightstation.\n • Report any changes to the Commonwealth heritage values of the lightstation.\n • Update AMSA’s Heritage Strategy and this plan\n\nto reflect any changes identified.\n\n • Review and update Heritage Asset Condition Report biennially.","sortOrder":128},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 8 — Maintain historical, manageme","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 8 — Maintain historical, management and maintenance records within AMSA and make available these records.","content":"#### Policy 8 – Maintain historical, management and maintenance records within AMSA and make available these records.\n\nAs part of the proper process for managing change in significant places, the Burra Charter points out the importance of making records before any change, and advocates placing records in a permanent archive, and making them available where this\n\nis appropriate. AMSA’s collection of records, which include documents pertaining to heritage intervention, management and maintenance, are\n\nsubjected to this process. Heritage Asset Condition Reports are routinely generated for each heritage lighthouse and are stored in AMSA’s record-keeping system. AMSA will continue to practice such processes via their records management systems.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Maintain, review and update records through\n\nexisting AMSA record management system.\n\n • Ensure records can be made available to the relevant personnel and parties.","sortOrder":129},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 9 — Provide appropriate training ","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 9 — Provide appropriate training and resources to all relevant AMSA staff, contractors and licencees.","content":"#### Policy 9 – Provide appropriate training and resources to all relevant AMSA staff, contractors and licencees.\n\nThe management of a heritage place is outlined within the statutory requirements of the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations. In order to ensure best practice management of AMSA-operated\n\nlighthouses, all staff, contractors and licencees are required to have access to the appropriate training and resources in order to provide best practice conservation of the site.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Provide staff, contractors and licencees access to up-to-date versions of the AMSA heritage strategy, heritage management plans and fabric registers.\n\n • AMSA representatives will attend commonwealth-run heritage workshops, programs and conferences for up-to-date information on statutory requirements and best practice management of sites of national and state heritage significance.\n\n • All current and incoming tour guides operating within AMSA lighthouses will be required to take the lighthouse tour guide safety induction e-learning module once every two years to stay informed on visitor safety and lighthouse duty- of-care and the site’s heritage values.\n\n • All relevant staff will undertake a relevant induction to ensure comprehension of the Commonwealth heritage and EPBC Act (1999) statutory requirements.\n\n • Contractors engaged with heritage sites will undertake a relevant induction to ensure comprehension of the Commonwealth heritage and EPBC Act (1999) statutory requirements.","sortOrder":130},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 10 — Utilise contractors and serv","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 10 — Utilise contractors and service providers with appropriate experience.","content":"#### \nPolicy 10 – Utilise contractors and service providers with appropriate experience.\n\nAMSA need to ensure parties carrying out work have appropriate knowledge and use effective methods to ensure the conservation of the lighthouse.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Engage staff and contractors with the relevant experience and expertise concerning conservation of the lightstation.\n • If and when necessary, provide the appropriate training on heritage conservation matters for AMSA staff and other relevant parties who hold responsibility for heritage management.","sortOrder":131},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 11 — Seek heritage advice and app","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 11 — Seek heritage advice and apply best heritage practice.","content":"#### Policy 11 – Seek heritage advice and apply best heritage practice.\n\nAMSA will continue to utilise in-house heritage expertise, external consultancy, or a combination of both as required in order to successfully apply best heritage practice. Should in-house heritage\n\nexpertise be limited in responding to a requirement, external heritage expertise will be engaged to address the issue.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Apply in-house heritage expertise when required.\n • Utilise guiding documents such as the Burra Charter and Working Together Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places: a guide for Commonwealth agencies (Commonwealth of Australia, 2019) in measuring the likely impact of proposals.\n\n • Utilise guiding documents such as the\n\nNSW State Heritage listing site specific exemptions, and Schedule C of the Heritage Act 1997: Notice of Listing on the State Heritage Register Under Section 37 (1)(b): Cape Byron Lightstation (including moveable","sortOrder":132},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 12 — Appropriate protocol in the ","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 12 — Appropriate protocol in the event of unforeseen discoveries or disturbances of heritage within the AMSA site.","content":"#### Policy 12 – Appropriate protocol in the event of unforeseen discoveries or disturbances of heritage within the AMSA site.\n\nAMSA’s scope of work rarely involves excavation. Should such work need be undertaken, AMSA will implement a suitable cultural heritage management plan (CHMP) and seek advice from suitably qualified personnel as required. In the event of\n\nany unforeseen discovery/disturbance of heritage- related items within the AMSA site, notification to the appropriate organisation will occur in accordance with the conditions of the CHMP. This plan will also be updated accordingly.\n\nNote: In most cases generally AMSA’s leases are limited to the immediate vicinity of the Lighthouse and therefore this scenario is not anticipated as a likely occurrence.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Seek appropriate heritage advice and apply best practice in the event of unforeseen discoveries/disturbances.","sortOrder":133},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 13 — Make this Heritage Managemen","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 13 — Make this Heritage Management Plan available to all persons involved in decision- making on the management of the lighthouse and its setting.","content":"#### Policy 13 – Make this Heritage Management Plan available to all persons involved in decision- making on the management of the lighthouse and its setting.\n\nThe plan will be made available to all personnel intrinsic to management of the lighthouse and its setting, for example AMSA maintenance contractors, staff and other relevant parties.\n\n \n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Provide links to this plan via the AMSA publicly\n\naccessible website.\n\n • Provide copies to all relevant personnel and\n\nparties.","sortOrder":134},{"sectionNumber":"Future developments","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Future developments","content":"#### Future developments\n\nPolicy 14 – Adaptation of the place using methods or processes that minimize impact on heritage values and significance in accordance with Burra Charter principles.\n\nIt is likely that over time the lighthouse will house new equipment as technology changes and improves. The Burra Charter principles will be used as the basis for decision-making.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Assess the likely impacts of changes on the\n\nheritage values and significance of the place.\n\n • Preserve the original fabric of the place and do only what is necessary for the continued use and care of the place.\n • Engage expert heritage advice and utilise the Burra Charter in adapting the place.","sortOrder":135},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 15 — When required, engage with a","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 15 — When required, engage with adjacent landowners to maintain an appropriate setting for the lighthouse in its visual and natural context.","content":"#### Policy 15 – When required, engage with adjacent landowners to maintain an appropriate setting for the lighthouse in its visual and natural context.\n\nAny changes to the surrounding land, or AMSA leased area, requires careful consideration. AMSA will liaise with all adjacent landowners in the event of any proposed changes that may affect the setting and attempt to influence a positive outcome.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Engage with adjacent landowners through consultation when changes are proposed regarding the wider visual and natural context.","sortOrder":136},{"sectionNumber":"Policy 16 — In the event of adaptive re-","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Policy 16 — In the event of adaptive re-use/ divestment (an instance(s) which would no longer place the lighthouse under AMSA control), AMSA will strive to ensure the Commonwealth and NSW State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.","content":"#### Policy 16 – In the event of adaptive re-use/ divestment (an instance(s) which would no longer place the lighthouse under AMSA control), AMSA will strive to ensure the Commonwealth and NSW State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.\n\nIn the event the Cape Byron Lighthouse is no longer identified as a working AtoN, AMSA will withdraw their standing as lessee and hand over all authority to the lessor.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • AMSA will negotiate with lessor to have site lease terminated.\n • All available heritage information within AMSA’s collection, including this Heritage Management Plan, will be shared with the relevant parties\n\nto ensure the Commonwealth and NSW State heritage values of the site are recognised and preserved.","sortOrder":137},{"sectionNumber":"Community involvement","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Community involvement","content":"#### Community involvement\n\nPolicy 17 – Consult with indigenous and community stakeholders in the preparation of the management plan.\n\nAMSA will give community and Indigenous groups, as well as the general public, an opportunity to review and comment on this management plan through a public consultation process.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Undertake community consultation when preparing the heritage management plan in accordance with the EPBC Regulations 2000.\n \n • Seek advice from any relevant Indigenous communities and refer to Engage Early— Guidance for proponents on best practice Indigenous engagement for environmental assessments under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) 21.","sortOrder":138},{"sectionNumber":"Review","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Review","content":"#### Review\n\nPolicy 18 – Review this plan within five years of its adoption or sooner if major changes are needed.\n\nThis plan will be reviewed every five years. This\n\nreview should:\n\n • Assess the content of the plan.\n • Determine its effectiveness in protecting the identified heritage values.\n • Provide any necessary recommendations for updating or re-writing of the plan. If major\n\nchanges occur at the site in the interim, this plan will be reviewed and updated earlier than the specified five years.\n\nImplementation strategy:\n\n • Review this heritage management plan at least\n\nfive years after its adoption.\n\n • Review and update this heritage management plan in the event of a major change to the lightstation.\n • Submit revised plan for approval.","sortOrder":139},{"sectionNumber":"8. Policy implementation schedule","sectionType":"part","heading":"8. Policy implementation schedule","content":"# 8. Policy implementation schedule","sortOrder":140},{"sectionNumber":"8.1","sectionType":"division","heading":"Heritage implementation plan","content":"### 8.1 Heritage implementation plan\n\n```html\n

Key issue

Management Action/Task

Policies

Responsibility

Priority

Timeframe

Conservation and preservation

Conserve the lightstation.

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10,

11, 14

AMSA

High

Ongoing

Review the heritage management plan every five years.

18

AMSA

Medium

Once every five years (minimum)

Make available this plan to

all relevant personnel.

7, 13

AMSA

High

Ongoing

Liaison dealings

If applicable, ensure communication is maintained with adjacent landowners.

15

AMSA

Medium

As required

Consult with Indigenous and community stakeholders in preparing the management plan.

17

AMSA

Medium

As required

Heritage values

Conduct heritage monitoring site visit and review Heritage Asset Condition Report every two years.

1

AMSA and chosen maintenance contractor

High

Ongoing

Consider heritage values when proposing new planning and/or developments.

5, 6, 14

AMSA

High

Ongoing

Ensure process of re-use/ divestment of the site recognises and preserves heritage values.

16

AMSA

High

As required

\n```","sortOrder":141},{"sectionNumber":"Monitoring and reporting","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Monitoring and reporting","content":"#### Monitoring and reporting\n\nAs stipulated by Schedule 7A and 7B of the EPBC Regulations 2000, the outlined implementation plan and associated policies (listed above) are required to be monitored and updated accordingly. This will be achieved by:\n\n • Ensuring the implementation plan and policies\n\nare readily available for all relevant personnel,\n\n • Delegating AMSA staff to periodically check the implementation plan is up-to-date and being utilised appropriately by the relevant personnel,\n • Ensuring the timeframes outlined within the plan\n\nare followed,\n\n • Delegating AMSA Response staff to review this plan and the associated policies at least every five years and determine whether its contents are relevant and effective in terms of continuing to conserve the place.","sortOrder":142},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix 1. Glossary of heritage conserv","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix 1. Glossary of heritage conservation terms","content":"# Appendix 1. Glossary of heritage conservation terms","sortOrder":143},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix 2. Glossary of historic lightho","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix 2. Glossary of historic lighthouse terms relevant to Cape Byron Lighthouse","content":"# Appendix 2. Glossary of historic lighthouse terms relevant to Cape Byron Lighthouse","sortOrder":144},{"sectionNumber":"Apron paving","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Apron paving","content":"#### Apron paving\n\nThe concrete paving surround the base of the lighthouse tower.","sortOrder":145},{"sectionNumber":"Auxiliary light","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Auxiliary light","content":"#### Auxiliary light\n\nA self-contained fixed beacon with red lens, on a\n\nfabricated steel post\n\nB","sortOrder":146},{"sectionNumber":"Balcony floor","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Balcony floor","content":"#### Balcony floor\n\nFloor of the balcony. Cape Byron Lighthouse is stone slab.","sortOrder":147},{"sectionNumber":"Balcony balustrade","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Balcony balustrade","content":"#### Balcony balustrade\n\nA handrail together with its supports. The supports are called balusters. Simply a railing or wall on the outer perimeter of the balcony, to prevent people from falling off the balcony. Generally made of metal stanchions and rails – Cape Byron Lighthouse is embedded in a solid stone wall, with sunk panels, engaged piers and moulded coping showing to outside.\n\nC","sortOrder":148},{"sectionNumber":"Chance Bros","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Chance Bros","content":"#### Chance Bros\n\nEnglish manufacturer of optical apparatus, lanterns, cast iron stairs, cast iron towers, and other lighthouse components. The Chance family established a glass-making business in Smethwick, England in 1824 and is often described as ‘near Birmingham’. The business was absorbed into the Pilkington group of companies in 1951 and now ceases to exist. It is believed that Chance Bros supplied Cape Byron Lighthouse’s lantern roof, glazing and base, and the internal and external catwalk.\n\nE","sortOrder":149},{"sectionNumber":"Electric bells","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Electric bells","content":"#### Electric bells\n\nA bell activated by the magnetic effect of an electric current. They were used for telephonic communications without the need of contact breakers and could be utilised for long service.","sortOrder":150},{"sectionNumber":"External catwalk","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"External catwalk","content":"#### External catwalk\n\nA landing around the external face of the tower complete with hand rail. Cape Byron Lighthouse’s external catwalk is composed of cast iron lattice floor panels supported on openwork cast iron brackets bolted to lantern base with modern socket- head bolts.\n\nH","sortOrder":151},{"sectionNumber":"Henry-Lepaute","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Henry-Lepaute","content":"#### Henry-Lepaute\n\nRenowned French watchmaker and mechanician prevalent throughout the early to mid 19th century. His optic lens mechanism is found within Cape Byron Lighthouse.\n\nI","sortOrder":152},{"sectionNumber":"Incandescent kerosene","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Incandescent kerosene","content":"#### Incandescent kerosene\n\nA light fuel once utilised by lighthouses to ignite and fuel the lantern. Cape Byron Lighthouse used kerosene to fuel its lantern before its introduction to electricity.","sortOrder":153},{"sectionNumber":"Intermediate floors","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Intermediate floors","content":"#### Intermediate floors\n\nLevels found mid-way up a building. Cape Byron Lighthouse’s intermediate floors are found in its tower and are composed of reinforced concrete, topping of square black and white ceramic tiles, rendered on other surfaces.","sortOrder":154},{"sectionNumber":"Internal catwalk","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Internal catwalk","content":"#### Internal catwalk\n\nAn open landing inside the tower complete with handrail. Cape Byron Lighthouse’s internal catwalk is composed of cast iron lattice floor panels supported on solid cast iron brackets bolted to lantern base.\n\nL","sortOrder":155},{"sectionNumber":"Lantern floor","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lantern floor","content":"#### Lantern floor\n\nThe level in a lighthouse at which the lantern is installed, and by which access may be gained to the optical system and to the inside and outside of the lantern glazing. The lantern floor is generally at or near the same level as the catwalk and cane be made from steel, concrete, or timber.","sortOrder":156},{"sectionNumber":"Lantern glazing","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lantern glazing","content":"#### Lantern glazing\n\nThe middle section of the lantern, circular or polygonal in plan, between the lantern roof above and the lantern base below, made up of glass panes held in a framework of glazing bars. On the landward side there may be blank panels in place of glass, or other opaque construction. Types of lantern glazing include: flat and curved trapezoidal panes and curved diamond/triangular panes. Cape Byron uses curved rectangular panes.","sortOrder":157},{"sectionNumber":"Lantern roof","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lantern roof","content":"#### Lantern roof\n\nThe roof of the lantern. Usually made of copper sheeting over a framework of rafters.","sortOrder":158},{"sectionNumber":"Lens assembly","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lens assembly","content":"#### Lens assembly\n\nA transparent optically refracting element of glass. The surface is usually spherical in form.","sortOrder":159},{"sectionNumber":"Light source","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Light source","content":"#### Light source\n\nElectric lamps and LEDs now illuminate most\n\nlighthouses.","sortOrder":160},{"sectionNumber":"Lighthouse","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lighthouse","content":"#### Lighthouse\n\nThe principal structure of a lightstation, generally made up of a lantern, balcony and tower.","sortOrder":161},{"sectionNumber":"Lightstation","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Lightstation","content":"#### Lightstation\n\nA precinct containing a lighthouse structure and other related buildings, for example, Keepers’ cottages, Store room, Signal house.\n\nM","sortOrder":162},{"sectionNumber":"Mercury float mechanism","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Mercury float mechanism","content":"#### Mercury float mechanism\n\nA mechanism whereby the base of a lighthouse’s lens is submerged in a mercury-filled bath and is then rotated without friction.\n\nP","sortOrder":163},{"sectionNumber":"Pavilion","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Pavilion","content":"#### Pavilion\n\nA building or similar structure built for a specific purpose. Cape Byron Lighthouse’s pavilion is located around the base of the tower.","sortOrder":164},{"sectionNumber":"Pedestal","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Pedestal","content":"#### Pedestal\n\nPart of the optical apparatus, consisting of a metal column or base standing on the balcony floor inside\n\n \nthe lantern and supporting the lens assembly and light source. Some later Chance documentation (such as their tariffs 1908) also refer to the lantern base as a pedestal.\n\nT","sortOrder":165},{"sectionNumber":"Tower","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Tower","content":"#### Tower\n\nStructure to support the lantern at a sufficient height\n\nabove the ground. The most common types are the masonry tower, timber-framed tower, cast iron tower, and lattice tower.","sortOrder":166},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix 3. Current Cape Byron light det","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix 3. Current Cape Byron light details","content":"# Appendix 3. Current Cape Byron light details\n\nCape Byron main light (AN347-01)\n\n| IALA AVAILABILITY CATEGORY: | 2 |\n| --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| POSITION: | Latitude: 28° 38.3131’ SLongitude: 153° 38.1845’ E Datum: WGS84 |\n| CHARTS: | Aus 813, BA 1029 |\n| BA LIST OF LIGHTS: | K2838 |\n| DAYMARK: | White round masonry tower and lantern with attached service rooms, 22 m high |\n| COLOUR OF LIGHT: | White |\n| CHARACTER: | Flashing: 15.00 sFlash: 0.03 sEclipse: 14.97 s |\n| LENS: | 2 panel 920mm f.r. Dioptric/Catadioptric bivalve. Refer Drg.CN2-47 |\n| LENS SPEED: | One revolution every 30 sec (2 RPM) |\n| PEDESTAL: | RP2B Twin motor/gearbox drive unitsMotor: Oriental Motor Co Type 51K60RGU-CWE Gearbox: Oriental Motor Co Type 5GU120RAA Speed Control: Oriental Motor Co Type ESO2 |\n| LIGHTSOURCE: | Lamp: LED Array Sealite SL324 Lantern Control SWBD: Sealite LED Controller Daylight Control Switch: PE Cell CR ControlType L |\n| LANTERN: | Chance Bros. 1st Order 13’0” dia. with curved lantern panes. Refer DrgCN9-110 |\n| INTENSITY: | 2,060,353 cd |\n| POWER SOURCE: | Mains Supply: 240V ACStandby supply: 3KW 48Vdc to 230Vac single phase inverter Inverter: Outback Power SystemsVFX3048Battery capacity: 320AhModules: 2 x (48V, 160Ah)Lantern ControlDC/DC Converter: Redarc V175D-12-48I 48 to 12V remote monitor |","sortOrder":167},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix 4. Opening of the Cape Byron Li","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix 4. Opening of the Cape Byron Lightstation (1901)","content":"# Appendix 4. Opening of the Cape Byron Lightstation (1901)\n\n![signatures of attendees at opening of cape byron lighthouse in 1901 ](image.160.jpeg)Figure 20a. Document detailing the opening of the Cape Byron light and signatures, 1901.","sortOrder":168},{"sectionNumber":"Transcription","sectionType":"division","heading":"Transcription","content":"### Transcription\n\nThe weather did not permit of the Premiers landing on Saturday the 30th.","sortOrder":169},{"sectionNumber":"Cape Byron Lighthouse","sectionType":"subdivision","heading":"Cape Byron Lighthouse","content":"#### \nCape Byron Lighthouse\n\nThe above Lighthouse was Officially opened and dedicated to the service of the Public by the\n\nHonourable John See Premier of the State of New South Wales on Saturday Sunday the 30th 1st day of November December 1901. The following gentlemen being present.\n\n(Rest of document filled with names and addresses of those present – many illegible.)","sortOrder":170},{"sectionNumber":"Appendix 5. Table demonstrating complian","sectionType":"part","heading":"Appendix 5. Table demonstrating compliance with the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulation (2000)","content":"# Appendix 5. Table demonstrating compliance with the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulation (2000)\n\n![](image.162.png)Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations (2000) Schedule 7A – Management plans for Commonwealth heritage places\n\n```html\n

Legislation

Satisfied within

A management plan must:

(a) Establish objectives for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission of the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place; and

Section 1 – Introduction

(b) Provide a management framework that includes reference to any statutory requirements and agency mechanisms for the protection of the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place; and

Section 2 – Introduction

(c) Provide a comprehensive description of the place, including information about its location, physical features, condition, historical context and current uses; and

Section 2 – Cape Byron Lightstation site Section 3 – History

Section 4 – Fabric

(d) Provide a description of the Commonwealth Heritage values and any other heritage values of the place; and

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(e) Describe the condition of the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place; and

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(f) Describe the method used to assess the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place; and

Section 5 – Heritage significance

(g) Describe the current management requirements and goals including proposals for change and any potential pressures on the Commonwealth Heritage values of the place; and

Section 6 – Opportunities and constraints

(h) Have policies to manage the Commonwealth Heritage values of a place, and include in those policies, guidance in relation to the following:

i. The management and conservation

processes to be used;

Section 7 – Conservation management policies (Policy 1, 2, 3, 5, 6,

10, 11, 14)

\n```","sortOrder":171},{"sectionNumber":"Reference list","sectionType":"part","heading":"Reference list","content":"# Reference list\n\nBeaglehole, J.C., (ed.), The Journals of Captain James Cook on his Voyages of Discovery. I The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768-1771, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1955.\n\nBoyd, W.E., J.P. Collins, & J. Bell, ‘The accumulation of charcoal within a midden at Cape Byron, northern New South Wales, during the last millennium’, Australian Archaeology, Vol 51, no. 1\\. 2000.\n\nBrewis, C.R.W., ‘Report with Recommendations as to Existing Lights and Additional Lights’, Lighting of the East Coast of Australia: Cape Moreton to Gabo Island (Including Coast of New South Wales), Department of Trade and Customs, 1913.\n\nBrooks, G., & Associates Pty Ltd, NPWS Lighthouses Conservation Management and Cultural Tourism Plan – Cape Byron Lighthouse: Supplementary Information, prepared for NSW NPWS, 2001.\n\nThe Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, Australia ICOMOS, 2013.\n\nEllsmore, D., and F. Ellsmore, Cape Byron Lightstation Precinct Conservation Management Plan, prepared for the NSW Department of Lands and Water Conservation, 2008.\n\nEngage Early—Guidance for proponents on best practice Indigenous engagement for environmental assessments under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), Commonwealth of Australia, 2016.\n\nPratten, C., and R. Irving., Cape Byron Headland Reserve Heritage Study, prepared for the Cape Byron Headland Reserve Trust, 1991.\n\nReid, G., From Dusk till Dawn: A history of Australian lighthouses, Aus: Macmillan Co., 1988\\. Serle, G., First Order: Australia’s Highway of Lighthouses, Glenelg, SA: Seaside Lights, 2013.\n\nStapleton, C. L., & Partners Pty Ltd, Cape Byron Lightstation Conservation Management Plan, prepared for AMSA, 1993.\n\nStubbs, B. J., History of the Cape Byron Lightstation Precinct, Crown, 2008.\n\nWorking Together Managing Commonwealth Heritage Places: a guide for Commonwealth agencies, Commonwealth of Australia, 2019.\n\nTomlinson, C., Tomlinson’s Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts, 1854.","sortOrder":172},{"sectionNumber":"Website URLs","sectionType":"part","heading":"Website URLs","content":"# Website URLs\n\n AMSA Heritage Lighthouses Interactive Map: [https://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?\\_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-](http://www.operations.amsa.gov.au/lighthouses/?_ga=2.236400321.1108408984.1535497123-) 1996646104.1535497123\n\n A Supplementary Information report on Cape Byron by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd: [https://www.environment.nsw](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-).gov[.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Parks-reserves-) and-protected-areas/Conservation-management-plans/lighthouses-conservation-management- cultural-tourism-plan.pdf\n\n A Conservation Management Plan was prepared in 2008 by Donald Ellsmore Pty Ltd: [https://www.environment.nsw](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/publications-search/cape-byron-).gov[.au/research-and-publications/publications-search/cape-byron-](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/publications-search/cape-byron-) lightstation-precinct-conservation-management-plan\n\n Byron Shire Council: Native Animals and Plants: [https://www.byron.nsw](http://www.byron.nsw.gov.au/Services/Environment/Native-animals-and-plants).gov[.au/Services/Environment/Native-animals-and-plants](http://www.byron.nsw.gov.au/Services/Environment/Native-animals-and-plants)\n\n Arakwal National Park Plan of Management:\n\n[https://www.environment.nsw](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/publications-search/arakwal-).gov[.au/research-and-publications/publications-search/arakwal-](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/research-and-publications/publications-search/arakwal-) national-park-plan-of-management\n\n Cape Byron Lightstation Commonwealth Heritage Listing:\n\n[http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place\\_detail;search=place\\_name%3D-](http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail%3Bsearch%3Dplace_name%3D-) cape%2520byron%3Bkeyword\\_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword\\_PH%3Don%3Blat- itude\\_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude\\_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude\\_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude\\_2dir%3DS%3Bin\\_ region%3Dpart;place\\_id=105599\n\n Cape Byron Lightstation NSW State Heritage Listing:\n\n[https://www.environment.nsw](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5053293).gov[.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5053293](http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5053293)\n\n AMSA Heritage Strategy:\n\n[https://www.amsa.gov.au/safety-navigation/navigation-systems/lighthouses/amsa-heritage-strategy-](http://www.amsa.gov.au/safety-navigation/navigation-systems/lighthouses/amsa-heritage-strategy-) 2018\n\n 2018-19 AMSA Annual Report: [https://www.amsa.gov.au/sites/default/files/amsa\\_annual\\_report\\_2017-18\\_-\\_v12\\_lq.pdf](http://www.amsa.gov.au/sites/default/files/amsa_annual_report_2017-18_-_v12_lq.pdf)","sortOrder":173}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This version does not change the plan's original remit. It implements the EPBC Regulations' Schedule 7A/7B requirements to identify, protect and manage Commonwealth heritage values and to keep the lighthouse operational as an AtoN (sections 1.1, 1.4, 6.3). No amendments have been made in this version (section 1.3). The plan does not alter lease terms or ownership (section 2.3) and retains Ministerial approval pathways for significant actions (section 6.1)."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple statutory layers and approval triggers: EPBC Act Schedules 7A/7B, EPBC Regulations, NSW State Heritage listing and lease obligations (sections 1.1, 1.4, 6.3, 2.3).","Extensive technical fabric register with many individually rated elements (high/moderate/low sensitivity) requiring specialist conservation methods (section 4).","Operational constraints: lighthouse must meet IALA Availability Category 2 performance targets, creating rapid repair/maintenance obligations (section 6.4, Appendix 3).","Monitoring, reporting and review cycles (biennial condition reports, five‑year plan reviews) create ongoing compliance workload (sections 5.3, 7, 8.1).","Stakeholder complexity: AMSA, NPWS/lessor, Indigenous holders (Arakwal), maintenance contractors, ministerial delegates and the public/visitor operators (sections 1.5, 2.3, 3.10, 6.7).","Health/safety and environmental risk from on‑site hazardous material (mercury float mechanism) with strategic uncertainty about replacement (section 6.6).","Tourism and access pressures that require visitor management alongside operational access for contractors and AMSA staff (sections 2.4, 6.6, Policy 3).","Dependence on specialist contractors, heritage consultants and prescribed standards (Burra Charter) increases procurement and training requirements (sections 1.3, Policy 9, Policy 11)."],"plain_english_summary":"This Heritage Management Plan sets out how the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) will conserve and manage the Commonwealth heritage values of the Cape Byron Lighthouse while keeping it operational as an aid to navigation. It describes the place, its significance, required conservation policies, an implementation schedule, and monitoring and reporting arrangements.\n\nAMSA (lessee and decision‑maker) funds maintenance and engages contractors; actions likely to significantly affect heritage require Ministerial approval under the EPBC Regulations (see sections 1.1, 2.3, 6.1, 6.3). The plan balances navigational performance, conservation constraints and visitor access controls."},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"completionTokens":485},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The plan remains focused on its original purpose: heritage conservation and operational management of the Cape Byron Lighthouse. No scope expansion detected."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple overlapping statutory regimes (EPBC Act 1999, EPBC Regulations 2000, NSW heritage legislation)","18 detailed conservation policies with implementation schedules","Cross-referencing between Commonwealth Heritage List and NSW State Heritage Register requirements","Technical lighthouse terminology requiring specialist knowledge (Fresnel lenses, mercury float mechanisms, IALA availability categories)","Joint management arrangements involving AMSA, NSW government, and Indigenous traditional owners","Biennial reporting and 5-year review cycles creating ongoing compliance obligations"],"plain_english_summary":"The plan sets out how the Australian Maritime Safety Authority will conserve and manage Cape Byron Lighthouse’s heritage values while keeping it a functioning navigation aid, balancing necessary modern upgrades with protection of historic fabric. It guides AMSA staff and contractors, requires consultation with the Bundjalung/Arakwal traditional owners, and affects visitors and NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service as land manager. The lighthouse’s rare Henry‑Lepaute lens, mercury float mechanism and early precast concrete make this plan crucial to safeguarding a nationally listed icon."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/cape-byron-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020","history":"/api/acts/cape-byron-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/history","analysis":"/api/acts/cape-byron-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/cape-byron-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/cape-byron-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/cape-byron-lighthouse-heritage-management-plan-2020/documents"}}