{"id":"borroloola-community-government-council-control-of-dogs-bylaws-1992","name":"BORROLOOLA COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT COUNCIL (CONTROL OF DOGS) BY-LAWS 1992","slug":"borroloola-community-government-council-control-of-dogs-by-laws-1992","collection":"regulation","jurisdiction":"nt","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":174324,"registerId":"nt-borroloola-community-government-council-control-of-dogs-bylaws-1992-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-05","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"BORROLOOLA COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT COUNCIL (CONTROL OF DOGS) BY-LAWS 1992","content":"NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA\nBORROLOOLA COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT COUNCIL (CONTROL OF\nDOGS) BY-LAWS 1992\nAs in force at 1 July 2021\nTable of provisions\nPart 1 Preliminary\n1 Citation ............................................................................................ 1\n2 Purpose ........................................................................................... 1\n3 Interpretation ................................................................................... 1\n4 Application ....................................................................................... 3\n5 Exemptions ...................................................................................... 3\nPart 2 Administration\n6 Registrar .......................................................................................... 4\n7 Register ........................................................................................... 4\n8 Delegation ....................................................................................... 4\nPart 3 Registration and licences\nDivision 1 Registration of dogs\n9 Application for registration ............................................................... 5\n10 Determination of application ............................................................ 5\n11 Identification device ......................................................................... 6\n12 Period of registration ....................................................................... 7\nDivision 2 Licences\n13 Application for licence ...................................................................... 7\n14 Determination of application ............................................................ 7\n15 Period of Licence ............................................................................. 8\nDivision 3 Cancellation, variation, &c., of registration and\nlicences\n16 Cancellation, variation, &c., of registration or licence by\nrequest ............................................................................................ 8\n17 Cancellation, variation, &c., of registration or licence otherwise\nthan by request ................................................................................ 9\n18 Operation of notice of cancellation, &c. ........................................... 9\n\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 ii\nDivision 4 Dog exercise areas and dog restriction areas\n19 Dog exercise areas and dog restriction areas ................................. 9\nPart 4 Control of dogs\nDivision 1 Offences\n20 Unregistered dogs ......................................................................... 10\n21 Conditions of registration or licence to be observed ...................... 10\n22 Requirement for licence ................................................................. 11\n23 Keeping of dogs in dog restriction area ......................................... 11\n24 Removal of identification device .................................................... 11\n25 Dogs at large ................................................................................. 12\n26 Enticement..................................................................................... 12\n27 Dogs attacking or menacing persons or animals ........................... 12\n28 Dogs chasing vehicles ................................................................... 13\n29 Dogs causing nuisance ................................................................. 13\n30 Abandoning dogs........................................................................... 13\n31 Obstruction of officers .................................................................... 13\n32 Sterilisation marks and certificates ................................................ 14\n33 False information ........................................................................... 14\nDivision 2 Enforcement\n34 Seizure, &c., of dogs ..................................................................... 14\n35 Dogs seized to be impounded ....................................................... 15\nDivision 3 Pounds\n36 Establishment, &c., of pounds ....................................................... 15\n37 Notice of impounding ..................................................................... 15\n38 Release of dogs from pounds ........................................................ 15\n39 Destruction of impounded dogs ..................................................... 16\n40 Diseased dogs ............................................................................... 16\n41 Method of destruction of impounded dogs ..................................... 17\nPart 5 Miscellaneous\n42 Change of ownership of dog .......................................................... 17\n43 Dog races, &c. ............................................................................... 18\n44 Penalties ........................................................................................ 18\n45 Fixed penalties .............................................................................. 18\n46 Matters of evidence ....................................................................... 19\n47 Appeals.......................................................................................... 19\n48 Publication of By-laws ................................................................... 20\nSchedule 1\n\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 iii\nSchedule 2\nENDNOTES\n\n\n\nNORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA\n____________________\nAs in force at 1 July 2021\n____________________\nBORROLOOLA COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT COUNCIL (CONTROL OF\nDOGS) BY-LAWS 1992\nBy-laws under the Local Government Act 2019\nPart 1 Preliminary\n1 Citation\nThese By-laws may be cited as the Borroloola Community\nGovernment Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992.\n2 Purpose\nThe purpose of these By-laws is to provide for the keeping of dogs\nwithin Borroloola in a manner that is compatible with the enjoyment\nby residents of a congenial residential environment.\n3 Interpretation\n(1) In these By-laws, unless the contrary intention appears:\nabandon, in relation to a dog, includes leaving the dog at premises\nor failing to obtain the release of the dog from a pound.\napproved means approved by the Council by resolution.\nBorroloola means the Borroloola community government area as\ndescribed in clause 3 of the Borroloola Community Government\nScheme.\nCouncil means the Borroloola Community Government Council.\ndetermined by the Council means determined by the Council by\nresolution.\ndog means an animal of the genus Canis.\ndog exercise area means a dog exercise area declared under\nby-law 19.\n\nPart 1 Preliminary\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 2\ndog restriction area means a dog restriction area declared under\nby-law 19.\ndog-tag means a dog-tag issued under by-law 11.\nguide dog means a dog trained by a guide dog training institution\nrecognised by the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association of South\nAustralia and the Northern Territory Incorporated and used as a\nguide by a person who is wholly or partially blind.\nidentification device means a device or mark used for identifying\nan animal registered under these By-laws and includes a dog-tag,\npermanent electronic subcutaneous implant, tattoo or other\napproved device or mark.\nlicence means a licence granted or renewed under these By-laws.\nmenace, in relation to the actions of a dog, means an action that\ncreates a reasonable apprehension in a person that the dog is likely\nto attack the person or an animal owned or in the control of the\nperson, and includes a reasonable apprehension that the dog may\nescape, or be released from restraint, to attack the person or\nanimal.\npermanent electronic subcutaneous implant means an\nelectronic device that can be implanted into the tissue of a dog for\nthe purposes of identification.\npound means a pound established under by-law 36(1)(a) or\npremises referred to in by-law 36(1)(b).\npound manager means a pound manager appointed under\nby-law 36(2).\npremises includes land and buildings.\npublic place means a place open to or used by the public or to\nwhich the public is permitted to have access, whether on payment\nof a fee or otherwise, and includes a road.\nregister means the register kept under by-law 7.\nregistered means registered under these By-laws.\nregistered owner, in relation to a dog, means the person\nappearing in the register as the owner of the dog.\nRegistrar means the Registrar appointed under by-law 6.\n\nPart 1 Preliminary\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 3\nRepealed Act has the same meaning as in the Dog Act Repeal\nAct 1991.\nveterinarian means a registered veterinarian within the meaning of\nthe Veterinarians Act 1994.\n(2) Unless the contrary intention appears, a reference in these By-laws\nto the owner of a dog (other than to the registered owner) includes:\n(a) the person for the time being under whose control the dog is;\n(b) the occupier of premises or a part of premises where the dog\nis usually kept; and\n(c) where the owner has not attained the age of 17 years, a\nparent or guardian of the owner,\nbut does not include a person controlling or keeping a dog under\nPart 4 Division 2 or 3.\n(3) A reference in these By-laws to a dog at large is a reference to a\ndog, other than a dog in the custody of an authorized person or in a\npound, in a place other than premises owned or occupied by the\nowner of the dog.\n(4) For the purposes of these By-laws, a dog is under effective control\nif the dog is:\n(a) restrained by a leash, cord, chain or similar device, not longer\nthan 2.5 m in length, held by a person who is competent to\nrestrain the dog;\n(b) enclosed in a vehicle in such a manner that no part of the dog\nis projecting from the vehicle; or\n(c) in a dog exercise area in accordance with the conditions, if\nany, to which use of the area is subject and the dog is not a\nfemale dog in oestrus.\n4 Application\nUnless the contrary intention appears, these By-laws apply to all\nareas within Borroloola.\n5 Exemptions\nBy-laws 20, 21 and 23 do not apply to or in relation to a guide dog.\n\nPart 2 Administration\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 4\nPart 2 Administration\n6 Registrar\nThe Council may appoint an officer of the Council to be the\nRegistrar for the purposes of these By-laws.\n7 Register\n(1) The Registrar shall keep a register in the form determined by the\nCouncil containing details of:\n(a) all dogs registered by the Council;\n(b) all licences granted by the Council; and\n(c) all offences, known to the Council, against these By-laws or\nthe Repealed Act:\n(i) for which a registered owner has been convicted; or\n(ii) in relation to which a registered owner has paid a sum\nspecified by these By-laws in pursuance of a notice of\ninfringement issued under these By-laws.\n(2) The Registrar shall keep, as part of the register, the register\nreferred to in section 5(d) of the Dog Act Repeal Act 1991.\n(3) The Registrar may keep the register in such medium or\ncombination of mediums as the Registrar thinks fit including, but not\nlimited to:\n(a) a computer;\n(b) micro film; or\n(c) paper.\n8 Delegation\n(1) Subject to this by-law, an officer or employee of the Council may,\nfor the purposes of these By-laws, exercise all or any of the\nfollowing powers:\n(a) sign, seal or sign and seal notices, orders and agreements\nwhich the Council is entitled to issue, sign, seal, revoke or\ncancel;\n(b) sign letters, receipts and other documents;\n\nPart 3 Registration and licences\nDivision 1 Registration of dogs\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 5\n(c) do or perform an act, deed or thing necessary, ancillary or\nincidental to the exercise of the functions of the Council under\nthese By-laws.\n(2) An officer or employee of the Council shall exercise a power\nconferred by clause (1) only on the resolution of the Council and in\naccordance with the conditions, if any, imposed by the Council.\n(3) A determination under clause (2) may be of a general nature or for\na class or classes of cases or be with respect to a particular case.\n(4) A power or function delegated under this by-law, when exercised or\nperformed by the delegate, shall, for the purposes of these By-laws,\nbe deemed to have been exercised or performed by the Council.\nPart 3 Registration and licences\nDivision 1 Registration of dogs\n9 Application for registration\n(1) The owner of a dog may apply to the Council:\n(a) to register; or\n(b) where the dog is registered, before the expiration of the\nregistration, for a renewal of the registration of, the dog.\n(2) An application under clause (1) shall be in the approved form\naccompanied by:\n(a) the application fee determined by the Council; and\n(b) such other information, relevant to the determination of the\napplication, that the Council requires the applicant to provide.\n(3) A person who fails to renew the registration of a dog before the\nregistration expires may apply to register the dog under\nclause (1)(a).\n10 Determination of application\n(1) The Council shall, not later than 21 days after receiving an\napplication under by-law 9:\n(a) register or renew the registration of the dog, either\nconditionally or unconditionally; or\n\nPart 3 Registration and licences\nDivision 1 Registration of dogs\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 6\n(b) refuse to register or renew the registration of the dog, in which\ncase the Council shall refund to the applicant the fee\naccompanying the application.\n(2) The Council may refuse to register or renew the registration of a\ndog:\n(a) if, within the period of 12 months before the date of the\napplication, the owner of the dog has been convicted of more\nthan 2 offences against these By-laws or the Repealed Act;\n(b) if, within the period of 12 months before the date of the\napplication, the dog has been impounded under these By-laws\nor the Repealed Act on more than 2 occasions;\n(c) if the Council is satisfied that the dog is destructive,\ndangerous, vicious or consistently the cause of nuisance to\nmembers of the public; or\n(d) if the premises on which the dog is usually kept are not fenced\nin the manner determined by the Council.\n(3) The Council shall refuse to register or renew the registration of a\ndog:\n(a) if, in keeping the dog on the premises on which the dog is\nusually kept, the applicant would be in breach of by-law 22; or\n(b) if the dog, other than a dog referred to in by-law 23(2), is\nusually kept on premises within a dog restriction area.\n(4) If the Council refuses to register or renew the registration of a dog,\nor imposes conditions on the registration or renewal of the\nregistration of a dog, the Council shall serve on the applicant a\nstatement in writing of the reasons for its decision.\n(5) For the purposes of clause (2)(a), a conviction for an offence\nincludes the payment of a sum specified by these By-laws in\npursuance of a notice of infringement issued under these By-laws.\n11 Identification device\nWhere the Council registers or renews the registration of a dog\nunder by-law 10, the Council shall, unless the dog is fitted with a\npermanent electronic subcutaneous implant, issue a dog-tag to the\nperson who made the application.\n\nPart 3 Registration and licences\nDivision 2 Licences\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 7\n12 Period of registration\nSubject to these By-laws, the registration or renewal of the\nregistration of a dog remains in force until and including 30 June\nnext after the registration or renewal of the registration.\nDivision 2 Licences\n13 Application for licence\n(1) The occupier of premises may apply to the Council:\n(a) for a licence; or\n(b) where the premises are licensed, before the expiration of the\nlicence, for a renewal of the licence,\nin respect of the premises.\n(2) An application under clause (1) shall be in the approved form\naccompanied by:\n(a) the application fee determined by the Council; and\n(b) such other information, relevant to the determination of the\napplication, that the Council requires the applicant to provide.\n(3) A person who fails to renew a licence in respect of premises before\nthe licence expires may apply under clause (1)(a) for a licence in\nrespect of the premises.\n14 Determination of application\n(1) The Council shall, not later than 21 days after receiving an\napplication under by-law 13:\n(a) grant a licence or renew the licence in respect of the\npremises, either conditionally or unconditionally; or\n(b) refuse to grant a licence or renew the licence in respect of the\npremises, in which case the Council shall refund to the\napplicant the application fee accompanying the application.\n(2) The Council may take into account, in considering an application\nunder by-law 13, any matter that is, in its opinion, relevant and in\nparticular may take into account:\n(a) the facilities for controlling dogs at the premises specified in\nthe application;\n\nPart 3 Registration and licences\nDivision 3 Cancellation, variation, &c., of registration and licences\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 8\n(b) the number of dogs kept or to be kept at the premises; and\n(c) the likely impact, if the licence is granted or renewed, on the\nresidents in the locality where the premises are situated.\n(3) The Council shall not grant or renew a licence in respect of\npremises, where the Council has made a determination in respect\nof the manner in which premises are to be fenced, if the premises\nare not fenced in accordance with that determination.\n(4) Where an application is for the renewal of a licence and, to the\nCouncil's knowledge:\n(a) no matters have arisen that, if taken into account at the time\nthe licence was granted would have caused the Council to\nrefuse to grant the licence or to grant the licence subject to\nconditions other than those specified in the licence; or\n(b) the Council has not, since the grant of the licence, made a\nresolution under by-law 10(4) that affects the premises,\nthe Council may renew the licence without considering the\napplication in the manner specified in clauses (2) and (3).\n(5) If the Council refuses to grant or renew a licence or grants a licence\nsubject to conditions or renews a licence subject to conditions not\nimposed on the original licence, the Council shall serve on the\napplicant a statement in writing of the reasons for its decision.\n15 Period of Licence\nSubject to these By-laws, a licence remains in force for the period,\nnot exceeding 12 months, as specified in the licence.\nDivision 3 Cancellation, variation, &c., of registration and\nlicences\n16 Cancellation, variation, &c., of registration or licence by\nrequest\nThe Council may, on the written application of the registered owner\nof a dog or the holder of a licence, by notice in writing served on the\nregistered owner or holder:\n(a) cancel the registration of the dog or the licence;\n(b) vary the conditions to which the registration of the dog or the\nlicence is subject; or\n(c) in the case of a licence, suspend the licence for the period,\n\nPart 3 Registration and licences\nDivision 4 Dog exercise areas and dog restriction areas\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 9\nas requested in the application.\n17 Cancellation, variation, &c., of registration or licence otherwise\nthan by request\n(1) The Council may, by notice served on the registered owner of a dog\nor the holder of a licence, require the registered owner or holder to\nshow cause why the Council should not:\n(a) cancel the registration of the dog or the licence;\n(b) vary, in the manner specified in the notice, the conditions to\nwhich the registration of the dog or the licence is subject; or\n(c) in the case of a licence, suspend the licence for the period\nspecified in the notice.\n(2) The Council may, not less than 7 days after the date of service of\nthe notice under clause (1), by notice in writing served on the\nregistered owner or the holder of the licence on whom the\nfirst-mentioned notice was served :\n(a) cancel the registration of the dog or the licence;\n(b) vary, in the manner specified in the notice, the conditions to\nwhich the registration of the dog or the licence is subject; or\n(c) suspend the licence for the period specified in the notice,\nbeing a period not longer than the period specified in the\nfirst-mentioned notice.\n18 Operation of notice of cancellation, &c.\nA notice served by the Council under by-law 16 or 17(2) takes\neffect at the expiration of 7 days after the service of the notice.\nDivision 4 Dog exercise areas and dog restriction areas\n19 Dog exercise areas and dog restriction areas\n(1) Subject to these By-laws, the Council may, by resolution, declare\nan area within Borroloola be a dog exercise area and may specify\nthe times when a dog may be exercised in the area and the\nconditions, if any, to apply to the exercising of a dog in the area.\n(2) Subject to these By-laws, the Council may, by resolution, declare\nan area within Borroloola to be a dog restriction area and may\nprohibit the keeping of:\n(a) all dogs;\n\nPart 4 Control of dogs\nDivision 1 Offences\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 10\n(b) more than a specified number of dogs; or\n(c) all, or more than a specified number of, dogs of a specified\nbreed,\nin the area.\n(3) The Council shall, not less that 21 days before declaring an area to\nbe a dog exercise area or dog restriction area :\n(a) publish a notice of the proposed dog exercise area or dog\nrestriction area in a newspaper circulating in Borroloola; and\n(b) serve a copy of the notice referred to in paragraph (a) on the\nowners of premises adjacent to the proposed dog exercise\narea or dog restriction area.\nPart 4 Control of dogs\nDivision 1 Offences\n20 Unregistered dogs\n(1) Subject to this by-law, a person who keeps a dog within Borroloola\nthat is not registered is guilty of an offence.\n(2) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against clause (1) if\nthe person charged with the offence proves that the dog had not\nbeen usually kept within Borroloola for a period of 4 consecutive\nmonths before the date of the alleged offence.\n(3) Clause (1) does not apply to:\n(a) a pound manager keeping a dog in a pound;\n(b) the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (N.T.)\nIncorporated keeping a dog in a refuge maintained by it; or\n(c) a veterinarian keeping a dog for the purposes of treatment.\n21 Conditions of registration or licence to be observed\nA person who contravenes or fails to comply with a condition to\nwhich the registration of a dog or a licence is subject is guilty of an\noffence.\n\nPart 4 Control of dogs\nDivision 1 Offences\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 11\n22 Requirement for licence\n(1) The occupier of premises where more than the number of dogs or\nthe number of dogs of a class of dog or classes of dogs, as\ndetermined by the Council, are usually kept is guilty of an offence\nunless the premises are licensed.\n(2) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against clause (1) if\nthe occupier of the premises proves that the dogs or the dogs of the\nclass of dog or classes of dogs had not been kept at the premises\nfor a period of 3 consecutive months before the date of the alleged\noffence.\n23 Keeping of dogs in dog restriction area\n(1) Subject to clause (2), a person who keeps a dog in a dog restriction\narea where the keeping of the dog is prohibited is guilty of an\noffence.\n(2) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against clause (1) if\nthe person charged with the offence proves that the dog at the date\nof the making of the resolution declaring the dog restriction area:\n(a) was owned by the person;\n(b) was usually kept at premises in the dog restriction area; and\n(c) if required by these By-laws to be registered, was registered.\n24 Removal of identification device\n(1) Subject to these By-laws, a person, other than the owner of a dog,\nwho, without reasonable cause, removes an identification device\nfrom a registered dog is guilty of an offence.\n(2) Subject to these By-laws, the owner of a registered dog that is at\nlarge without an identification device is guilty of an offence.\n(3) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against clause (2) if\nthe owner of the dog proves that the identification device was\nremoved:\n(a) without the owner's permission and the owner had not had\nsufficient opportunity to replace the identification device; or\n(b) for a reasonable cause and the cause was still existent at the\ndate of the alleged offence.\n\nPart 4 Control of dogs\nDivision 1 Offences\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 12\n25 Dogs at large\n(1) Subject to these By-laws, the owner of a dog that is at large and not\nunder effective control is guilty of an offence.\n(2) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against clause (1) if\nthe person charged with the offence proves that:\n(a) the dog, when at large, was in a dog exercise area during a\ntime specified under by-law 19; and\n(b) the person was not in breach of a condition applying to the\nexercising of the dog in the dog exercise area.\n26 Enticement\nA person who entices or induces a dog to act in a manner that\nwould render the owner of the dog liable to prosecution for an\noffence against these By-laws is guilty of an offence.\n27 Dogs attacking or menacing persons or animals\n(1) The owner of a dog that:\n(a) attacks a person or animal; or\n(b) menaces a person or animal,\nis guilty of an offence.\n(2) It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against clause (1) if\nthe owner of the dog proves that:\n(a) a person had, without the owner's permission, enticed the dog\nto attack or menace the person or animal;\n(b) the animal attacked or menaced was attacked or menaced on\npremises owned or occupied by the owner; or\n(c) the person attacked or menaced was attacked or menaced on\npremises owned or occupied by the owner and the person:\n(i) was on the premises for an illegal purpose; or\n(ii) was attacked or menaced other than when proceeding\nby the shortest practical route from the boundary of the\npremises to the door of the premises closest to that\nboundary or from the door to the boundary of the\npremises.\n\nPart 4 Control of dogs\nDivision 1 Offences\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 13\n28 Dogs chasing vehicles\nThe owner of a dog that chases a vehicle, including a bicycle, is\nguilty of an offence.\n29 Dogs causing nuisance\n(1) The owner of a dog that, either by itself or in concert with other\ndogs, is a nuisance is guilty of an offence.\n(2) For the purposes of this by-law, a dog is a nuisance if it is injurious\nor dangerous to the health of the community or of an individual, or\nbehaves repeatedly in a manner contrary to the general interest of\nthe community or an individual.\n(3) Without limiting the generality of clause (2), a dog is a nuisance if it:\n(a) creates a noise, by barking or otherwise, which persistently\noccurs or continues to a degree or extent which has a\ndisturbing effect on the state of reasonable mental, physical or\nsocial well-being of a person;\n(b) repeatedly barks when people or vehicles use a public place\nin the vicinity of the premises where the dog is kept; or\n(c) subject to these By-laws, repeatedly defecates in such a place\nas to cause annoyance to a particular person.\n(4) The owner of a dog is not guilty of an offence against this by-law,\nby reason of the actions of the dog referred to in clause (3)(c), if the\nowner immediately removes the faeces and disposes of it in the\ngutter of a road with a constructed curb, a public garbage\nreceptacle or on his or her own property.\n30 Abandoning dogs\nA person who abandons a dog in Borroloola is guilty of an offence.\n31 Obstruction of officers\n(1) A person who obstructs or hinders the Registrar or a pound\nmanager in the execution of his or her duties is guilty of an offence.\n(2) A person who:\n(a) removes or attempts to remove a dog from the custody of an\nauthorized person; or\n(b) except in pursuance of these By-laws, removes or attempts to\nremove a dog from a pound,\n\nPart 4 Control of dogs\nDivision 2 Enforcement\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 14\nis guilty of an offence.\n32 Sterilisation marks and certificates\n(1) The Council may approve a certificate of sterilisation to be issued to\nthe owner of a sterilised dog.\n(2) The Council may approve a mark to be used to identify a dog that\nhas been sterilised.\n(3) Where the Council has approved a mark under clause (2), a person\nwho marks, with the approved mark, a dog that has not been\nsterilised is guilty of an offence.\n(4) Where the Council has approved a certificate of sterilisation under\nclause (1), a veterinarian shall, on sterilising a dog, issue to the\nowner of the dog such a certificate.\n(5) A person, on the sale or disposal of a dog to another person, who\nfails, where the dog has been sterilised, to supply to that other\nperson proof that the dog has been sterilised is guilty of an offence.\n(6) A person, on the sale or disposal of a dog that is not sterilised to\nanother person, who states or holds out that the dog is sterilised is\nguilty of an offence.\n33 False information\nA person who knowingly makes a false statement required or\npermitted to be made in a document under these By-laws is guilty\nof an offence.\nDivision 2 Enforcement\n34 Seizure, &c., of dogs\nAn authorized person may:\n(a) seize:\n(i) an apparently diseased, injured, savage, destructive or\nstray animal; or\n(ii) an animal that is at large; and\n(b) where, in the opinion of an authorized person it is necessary\nto do so, destroy a diseased, injured, savage, destructive,\nunclaimed or unwanted animal.\n\nPart 4 Control of dogs\nDivision 3 Pounds\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 15\n35 Dogs seized to be impounded\n(1) A person who seizes a dog in pursuance of these By-laws shall,\nsubject to clause (2), deliver the dog to a pound as soon as\npracticable after seizing it.\n(2) Notwithstanding clause (1), an authorized person who seizes a dog\nunder these By-laws may return the dog to its owner:\n(a) on issuing a notice of infringement to the owner; or\n(b) in the case of a dog referred to in by-law 26, without issuing a\nnotice of infringement to the owner.\nDivision 3 Pounds\n36 Establishment, &c., of pounds\n(1) The Council may:\n(a) establish a pound; or\n(b) make such arrangements as it thinks fit for the use of\npremises for impounding dogs under these By-laws.\n(2) The Council may appoint such persons as it thinks fit to be pound\nmanagers of a pound.\n37 Notice of impounding\n(1) Where a registered dog with an identification device is delivered to\na pound, a pound manager shall notify the Registrar who shall\nserve on the registered owner a notice, in the approved form, of the\nimpounding of the dog.\n(2) Where a dog with a collar on which the address of its owner is\ndisplayed is delivered to a pound, a pound manager shall notify the\nRegistrar who may serve at that address a notice, in the approved\nform, of the impounding of the dog.\n(3) Except in accordance with clause (1) or (2), the Registrar is not\nobliged to notify the owner of a dog of the impounding of the dog.\n38 Release of dogs from pounds\n(1) A dog in a pound shall not be released from the pound:\n(a) subject to clause (2), unless it is registered;\n\nPart 4 Control of dogs\nDivision 3 Pounds\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 16\n(b) other than to the owner of the dog or to a person authorised to\nact as the owner's agent; and\n(c) unless there is paid to the Council the maintenance and\nrelease fees as determined by the Council.\n(2) Clause (1)(a) does not apply to a dog that has not been usually\nkept within Borroloola for 3 consecutive months immediately\npreceding the date of its release from the pound.\n(3) The burden of proof as to whether a person is the owner of the dog\nor a person authorised to act as the owner's agent lies on the\nperson.\n(4) The burden of proof in relation to a matter referred to in clause (2)\nlies on the owner of the dog or the owner's agent.\n39 Destruction of impounded dogs\nSubject to these By-laws, a pound manager may arrange for the\ndestruction of a dog delivered to a pound at the expiration of the\nnumber of days or hours as are determined, from time to time, by\nthe Council.\n40 Diseased dogs\n(1) Where a pound manager who takes custody of a dog that has been\nseized under these By-laws:\n(a) receives advice from a veterinarian that the dog is, or is\nsuspected of being, diseased; or\n(b) notices or suspects that the dog is diseased,\nthe pound manager shall:\n(c) isolate the dog from other dogs in the pound; and\n(d) notify the Council of the dog's condition.\n(2) The Council shall serve on the owner, if known, of a dog isolated\nunder clause (1) written notice that the dog is or is suspected of\nbeing diseased and that the Council:\n(a) requires the dog to be destroyed; or\n(b) requires the dog to undergo a course of treatment specified in\nthe notice.\n\nPart 5 Miscellaneous\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 17\n(3) In addition to clause (2), the Council may, in the notice served\nunder that clause, require the owner of the dog to produce to the\nCouncil, within the time specified in the notice, a report, prepared\nby a veterinarian or a person specified in the notice, relating to:\n(a) the diseased dog, where the dog is not required to be\ndestroyed; or\n(b) all other dogs usually kept at the premises at which the\ndiseased dog was kept.\n(4) A dog the subject of a notice under this by-law may be released\nfrom the pound in accordance with by-law 38 subject to such\nconditions as the Council thinks fit.\n(5) The owner of a dog who contravenes or fails to comply with a\nrequirement of a notice served on him or her under clause (2), or a\ncondition subject to which the dog is released under clause (4), is\nguilty of an offence.\n(6) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these By-laws, a pound\nmanager may destroy a dog in a pound if the dog is so diseased or\ninjured that it is humane to destroy it.\n(7) The cost of treatment reasonably provided by a pound manager to\na diseased animal, and to any other animal in the pound that was\ninfected or was at risk of being infected by the diseased animal\nbefore the manager could reasonably isolate it, is a debt due and\npayable by the owner of the diseased animal to the Council.\n41 Method of destruction of impounded dogs\nA dog in a pound shall not be destroyed other than :\n(a) by a veterinarian or a person who is, in the opinion of a pound\nmanager, qualified to destroy the dog; and\n(b) in a manner that is approved by the Australian Veterinary\nAssociation.\nPart 5 Miscellaneous\n42 Change of ownership of dog\n(1) A person who acquires ownership of a registered dog shall, not\nlater than 14 days after acquiring ownership of the dog, notify the\nRegistrar of:\n(a) the person's name and address;\n\nPart 5 Miscellaneous\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 18\n(b) the name of the registered owner; and\n(c) the registration number of the dog.\n(2) The registered owner of a dog who changes his or her address\nshall, not later than 14 days after the change, notify the Registrar of\nhis or her new address.\n(3) The Registrar, on being notified of a change of ownership under\nclause (1) or of an address under clause (2), shall amend the\nregister accordingly.\n43 Dog races, &c.\n(1) The Council may, by notice in writing, exempt a person or body\nfrom by-law 24 or 25, or both, for the purposes of a dog race, dog\ntrial, dog show or while taking part in the activities of a dog\nobedience club or while using a dog to drive cattle or stock on a\nroad or for such other purpose or event as the Council may, from\ntime to time, determine.\n(2) An exemption under clause (1) may relate to a particular event or to\na class of events and may be subject to such conditions, if any, as\nthe Council thinks fit.\n44 Penalties\nA person who contravenes or fails to comply with these By-laws is\nguilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to a penalty not\nexceeding $2,000 and, in addition, to a penalty not exceeding $100\nfor each day during which the offence continues.\n45 Fixed penalties\n(1) Notwithstanding by-law 44, a person who is alleged to have\ncontravened or failed to comply with these By-laws, and on whom a\nnotice of infringement is served, may pay to the Council, as an\nalternative to prosecution, the sum specified by this by-law in lieu of\nthe penalty which may otherwise be imposed under by-law 44.\n(2) For the purposes of this by-law:\n(a) the sum specified by this by-law is $50 or, in respect of a\nby-law specified in column 1 of Schedule 1, the sum specified\nopposite the by-law in column 2 of the Schedule;\n(b) a notice of infringement shall be in the form specified in\nSchedule 2;\n\nPart 5 Miscellaneous\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 19\n(c) a notice of infringement may be issued by an authorized\nperson;\n(d) the sum specified by this by-law may be paid to the clerk of\nthe Council or to the person from time to time performing or\ncarrying out the duties of the cashier of the Council; and\n(e) in order to avoid prosecution, the sum specified by this by-law\nshall be paid not later than 14 days after the date of the\nservice of the notice of infringement on the person.\n46 Matters of evidence\n(1) An extract from, or copy of, an entry in the register purported to be\nsigned by the Registrar shall, in all courts and on all occasions, be\nprima facie evidence of the signature of the Registrar and of the\nparticulars contained in the entry without requiring the production of\nthe register.\n(2) A statement signed by the Registrar:\n(a) that a person does not appear in the register as the owner of a\ndog or that a person appears in the register as the owner of no\nmore than a specified number of dogs; or\n(b) that no licence has been issued in respect of premises,\nshall, in all courts and on all occasions, be prima facie evidence of\nthe signature of the Registrar and of those matters without requiring\nthe production of the register.\n(3) In relation to the making of a resolution by the Council for the\npurposes of these By-laws, an extract from, or copy of, the minutes\nof a meeting of the Council purported to be signed by the clerk\nshall, in all courts and upon all occasions, be prima facie evidence\nof all particulars contained in the minutes without requiring the\nproduction of the minutes from which the copy or extract was made\nand of the signature of the clerk.\n47 Appeals\nA person aggrieved by a decision of the Council made or taken\nunder these By-laws (not being a decision made or taken to\ncommence proceedings for an offence against, under or in relation\nto these By-laws) may make an application of appeal, in a form\napproved by the President of the Tribunal, to the Tribunal against\nthe decision.\n\nPart 5 Miscellaneous\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 20\n48 Publication of By-laws\n(1) Section 57 of the Interpretation Act 1978 does not apply to these\nBy-laws.\n(2) Copies of these By-laws shall be available for inspection by\nmembers of the public during office hours at the office of the\nCouncil.\n\nSchedule 1\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 21\nSchedule 1\nby-law 45\nColumn 1\nBy-law\nColumn 2\nAmount\n$\n24(2) 25\n26 100\n27(1)(a) 100\n27(1)(b) 75\n28 75\n\nSchedule 2\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 22\nSchedule 2\nby-law 45\nLocal Government Act 2019\nBorroloola (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992\nNOTICE OF INFRINGEMENT\nBORROLOOLA COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT COUNCIL\nTo:\n(name of alleged offender)\nof:\n(address of alleged offender)\nIt is alleged that at at am/pm on 19 ,\n(place) (time) (date)\nyou committed an offence as indicated hereunder against the Borroloola\n(Control of Dogs) By-laws:\nBy-law:\nOffence:\n(nature of offence)\nDescription of dog:\nIdentification device number:\nAmount of penalty: $\nIn pursuance of by-law 45 of the Borroloola (Control of Dogs) By-Laws 1992\nyou may pay to the Council, instead of the penalty by which the offence is\notherwise punishable, the amount shown above to the person at the address\nshown on the reverse of this notice, not later than 14 days after the date of\nservice of this notice of infringement, in order to avoid prosecution.\nDated 19 .\nAuthorized person\n\nSchedule 2\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 23\nTHIS NOTICE MUST ACCOMPANY PAYMENT\n(Back of form)\nIf you do not wish the offence alleged on the front of this notice of infringement\nto be dealt with by the Local Court you should read and complete the\nfollowing:\nI, of ,\ntender the amount shown on the front of this notice, being assured that on\npayment of that amount no further action will be taken by the Council for this\noffence.\nSigned: Date: 19 .\nPayment of the amount in full must be made not later than 14 days after the\ndate of service of this notice of infringement and must be accompanied by this\nnotice. Payment may be made between 8.00 am and 4.15 pm Monday to\nFriday (except public holidays):\nin person – To the Cashier,\nBorroloola Community Government Council\nby post – To the Clerk,\nBorroloola Community Government Council\nBorroloola NT 0854\nOn payment of the penalty you will not be liable for any further penalty or\ncosts in this matter.\nIf you do wish the offence alleged on the front of this notice of infringement to\nbe dealt with by the Local Court you need not take any further action in\nrespect of this notice and proceedings will issue against you in due course.\n\nENDNOTES\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 24\nENDNOTES\n1 KEY\nKey to abbreviations\namd = amended od = order\napp = appendix om = omitted\nbl = by-law pt = Part\nch = Chapter r = regulation/rule\ncl = clause rem = remainder\ndiv = Division renum = renumbered\nexp = expires/expired rep = repealed\nf = forms s = section\nGaz = Gazette sch = Schedule\nhdg = heading sdiv = Subdivision\nins = inserted SL = Subordinate Legislation\nlt = long title sub = substituted\nnc = not commenced\n2 LIST OF LEGISLATION\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws\nNotified 4 November 1992\nCommenced 4 November 1992\nStatute Law Revision Act 2005 (Act No. 44, 2005)\nNotified 14 December 2005\nCommenced 14 December 2005\nLocal Court (Related Amendments) Act 2016 (Act No. 8, 2016)\nNotified 6 April 2016\nCommenced 1 May 2016 (s 2, s 2 Local Court (Repeals and Related\nAmendments) Act 2016 (Act No. 9, 2016) and Gaz S34,\n29 April 2016)\nLocal Government Act 2019 (Act No. 39, 2019)\nAssent date 13 December 2019\nCommenced pt 8.6: 1 July 2022; rem: 1 July 2021 (Gaz S27,\n30 June 2021)\nAmending Legislation\nStatute Law Revision Act 2020 (Act No. 26, 2020)\nAssent date 19 November 2020\nCommenced 20 November 2020 (s 2)\nLocal Government Amendment Act 2021 (Act No. 15, 2021)\nAssent date 25 May 2021\nCommenced 26 May 2021 (s 2)\n\nENDNOTES\nBorroloola Community Government Council (Control of Dogs) By-laws 1992 25\n3 GENERAL AMENDMENTS\nGeneral amendments of a formal nature (which are not referred to in the table\nof amendments to this reprint) are made by the Interpretation Legislation\nAmendment Act 2018 (Act No. 22 of 2018) to: bl 1, 3, 7 and 48 and sch 2.\n4 LIST OF AMENDMENTS\nbl 3 amd Act No. 44, 2005, s 23\nbl 20 amd Act No. 44, 2005, s 23\nbl 32 amd Act No. 44, 2005, s 23\nbl 40 – 41 amd Act No. 44, 2005, s 23\nsch 2 amd Act No. 8, 2016, s 45; Act No. 39, 2019, s 370","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[{"type":"other","section":"by-law 14(4)(b), read with by-law 10(4)","severity":"medium","reasoning":"By-law 14(4) permits renewal without considering clauses (2) and (3) where either paragraph (a) or (b) applies. Paragraph (b) depends on whether the Council has made a resolution under by-law 10(4). However, by-law 10(4) only requires service of written reasons after refusal or conditional registration; it does not authorise or describe any resolution affecting premises. The operative cross-reference therefore lacks its stated event.","confidence":0.99,"description":"By-law 14(4)(b) refers to the Council making a resolution under by-law 10(4), but by-law 10(4) creates no resolution power or event.","source_quotes":["the Council has not, since the grant of the licence, made a resolution under by-law 10(4) that affects the premises","If the Council refuses to register or renew the registration of a dog, or imposes conditions on the registration or renewal of the registration of a dog, the Council shall serve on the applicant a statement in writing of the reasons for its decision."]}],"contradictions":[]},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The text, read with the endnotes, shows amendments largely of a formal and updating character (changes to parent Act references and some procedural modernization recorded in the endnotes). The core scope — registration and identification of dogs, licensing of premises, declaration of exercise/restriction areas, seizure/impoundment and penalties — remains the same as the original object stated in by‑law 2. Amendments listed in the endnotes (e.g. Statute Law Revision Act 2005 and the Local Government Act 2019 updates) appear to align the by‑laws with newer legislative frameworks rather than to expand their substantive reach beyond the original purpose."},"complexity_factors":["About 20 expressly defined terms in the interpretation clause (by‑law 3) that feed into multiple provisions","Multiple interlocking procedural timeframes (register/renewal periods, 21‑day decision windows for applications at by‑laws 10 and 14, 7‑day notice periods for cancellation by by‑law 17 and 18)","Numerous conditional defences and exceptions across offences (e.g. by‑laws 20(2), 22(2), 25(2), 27(2)) creating branching logic","Discrete decision points left to Council resolution (fees, forms, exercise/restriction areas, destruction time limits) that generate factual inquiries and appeal points (by‑laws 7, 8, 10, 14, 19, 39)","Cross‑references to other legislation (Dog Act Repeal Act 1991, Local Government Act 2019, Veterinarians Act 1994) adding external dependencies (endnotes and interpretation)","Separate enforcement streams: criminal penalties (by‑law 44), fixed‑penalty notices (by‑law 45 and Schedules), seizure/impoundment procedure (by‑laws 34–38) — multiple remedies and outcomes","Schedules that alter the default fixed penalty amount (Schedule 1) and a prescribed infringement notice form (Schedule 2)","Delegation regime with conditional limits (by‑law 8) which adds a layer of administrative discretion and potential variance in application"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does (mechanically)**\n\n- Sets rules for how dogs are kept in the Borroloola community government area: it creates a system for registering individual dogs (by‑laws 9–12), licensing premises that keep multiple dogs (by‑laws 13–15), declaring dog exercise areas and dog restriction areas (by‑law 19), and imposing offences and penalties for non‑compliance (Part 4).\n\n- Establishes administration and enforcement machinery: a Registrar and a register (by‑laws 6–7), delegation to council officers (by‑law 8), authorised persons and pound managers with powers to seize, impound and, in prescribed circumstances, destroy dogs (by‑laws 34–41). It also provides for notices of infringement and an alternative fixed‑penalty regime (by‑law 45 and Schedules 1–2).\n\n- Prescribes specific owner duties and defences: owners must register dogs, keep identification devices (dog‑tag or microchip) (by‑laws 10–11, 24), control dogs so they are not \"at large\" (by‑law 25), not keep prohibited numbers/breeds in restriction areas (by‑law 19(2), 23), and comply with conditions attached to registrations or licences (by‑law 21). There are statutory defences in several places (for example by‑laws 20(2), 22(2), 25(2), 27(2)).\n\n- Provides procedural safeguards and remedies: the Council must give written reasons when refusing or imposing conditions on registration/licence (by‑laws 10(4), 14(5)), may require owners to show cause (by‑law 17), and decisions (other than commencing prosecutions) can be appealed to the Tribunal (by‑law 47).\n\n**Who is affected**\n\n- Dog owners and occupiers of premises in Borroloola: they must register dogs, attach identification (or have permanent implants), keep dogs under effective control, obtain licences where required for premises keeping multiple dogs, and comply with any conditions set by the Council (see by‑laws 9–15, 20–25).\n\n- People using public spaces: the Council can restrict or allow dog use in particular areas (by‑law 19), affecting where dogs can be exercised.\n\n- Council officers (Registrar, pound managers, authorised persons): given powers to register, issue notices, seize and impound animals, run pounds and arrange destruction where lawful (by‑laws 6–8, 34–41).\n\n- Service providers and veterinarians: vets may be required to issue sterilisation certificates (by‑law 32(4)) and may advise on disease (by‑law 40); veterinarians can carry out humane destruction in pounds (by‑law 41).\n\n**Why it matters (purpose claim and operational test)**\n\n- The by‑laws state their purpose is to allow dog keeping in Borroloola in a way \"compatible with the enjoyment by residents of a congenial residential environment\" (by‑law 2). That purpose is pursued through registration, control of dogs at large, restrictions on numbers/breeds in specified areas, and powers to impound or destroy animals that are diseased, dangerous or unclaimed (by‑laws 19, 20–31, 34–41).\n\n- Costs and incentives created by the by‑laws:\n  - Owners pay application/renewal fees, licence fees, maintenance and release fees when dogs are impounded, and may be liable for veterinary treatment costs reasonably incurred by the pound manager (by‑laws 9(2), 13(2), 38(1)(c), 40(7)).\n  - Financial penalties: maximum criminal penalty is up to $2,000 and up to $100 per day continuing (by‑law 44); a fixed‑penalty option (notice of infringement) is available (by‑law 45; default $50, but Schedule 1 lists higher amounts for specific by‑laws).\n  - Non‑compliance risks loss of the dog (impoundment then possible destruction after the Council’s time limit — by‑laws 35, 39), and refusal or cancellation of registrations/licenses (by‑laws 10, 16–18).\n\n- Decision‑making and discretion:\n  - The Council holds broad discretionary powers: it determines fees and application forms (by‑laws 9(2), 13(2)), may grant or refuse registrations/licences and impose conditions (by‑laws 10–14), and may declare exercise or restriction areas by resolution (by‑law 19). Delegation to officers is permitted but must be by Council resolution and within conditions set (by‑law 8).\n  - Practical effect: many owner outcomes turn on Council assessments (dangerous/destructive dogs, adequate fencing, neighbourhood impact), so enforcement and outcomes will vary with Council practice and the exercise of delegated powers.\n\n**Trade‑offs, implementation risks and compliance burden**\n\n- Compliance tasks for owners: registering and renewing each year (by‑law 12), keeping identification devices in place or implanted (by‑law 11, 24), meeting licensing requirements for premises with larger numbers of dogs (by‑laws 13, 22), and supplying sterilisation proof when required (by‑law 32). These are recurring administrative costs and record‑keeping obligations.\n\n- Enforcement and resource risks for the Council: effective operation requires a maintained register (by‑law 7), authorised personnel to seize and manage impounded dogs (by‑laws 34–36), and a pound or arrangements to impound animals (by‑law 36). If those resources are limited, the practical enforcement of the scheme will be constrained.\n\n- Discretion and legal uncertainty: refusal or conditional registration/licensing may be challenged (appeal to Tribunal under by‑law 47), but many rules (e.g. what counts as ‘‘destructive, dangerous or consistently the cause of nuisance’’ at by‑law 10(2)(c)) are fact‑sensitive and left to Council judgment.\n\n**Who pays and who decides (summary)**\n\n- Who pays: dog owners and occupiers (fees, fines, pound release/maintenance, veterinary treatment costs arising from impounded diseased animals — by‑laws 9, 13, 38, 40(7), 44–45).\n- Who decides: the Council by resolution (scope, fees, declarations) and delegated authorised officers (Registrar, pound manager) for day‑to‑day administration and enforcement (by‑laws 6–8, 19, 34–36).\n\n**Key sections to look at quickly**\n- Purpose: by‑law 2.  Registration/licence mechanics: by‑laws 9–15.  Exercise/restriction areas: by‑law 19.  Offences and defences: Part 4 (by‑laws 20–33).  Seizure/pounds/destruction: by‑laws 34–41.  Penalties and fixed penalties: by‑laws 44–45 and Schedules 1–2.  Appeals: by‑law 47."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Based on the available information, the by-laws appear to remain focused on their original intended purpose — regulating dogs within the Borroloola community. The 2021 commencement date likely reflects a reprint or administrative update rather than a substantive change in scope. No evidence of scope creep beyond dog control into unrelated subject matter."},"complexity_factors":["Split administration between two government agencies adds a layer of complexity","As subordinate legislation (by-laws under a parent Act), understanding the full legal framework requires knowing the parent legislation","Limited publicly available detail in this excerpt makes full assessment difficult","Community-specific application means limited broader legal precedent to draw on","Remote community governance structures in the NT can involve overlapping federal, territory and local jurisdiction considerations"],"plain_english_summary":"These by-laws let the Borroloola Community Government Council regulate dogs within the Borroloola community — giving local authority to control registration, roaming, dangerous animals and penalties for non‑compliance.  \n\nThey affect anyone who owns or keeps a dog in this remote Gulf Country community, aiming to protect public safety and health. Primary enforcement sits with the Department of Housing, Local Government and Community Development; the NT Electoral Commission oversees related council election provisions."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The by-laws remain focused on their original purpose of dog control in Borroloola. While they have been updated for modern technology (microchips) and amended for legislative references (Local Government Act 2019), the core scope — registration, licensing, nuisance control, and pound management — has not expanded beyond the original 1992 intent."},"complexity_factors":["Moderate length (48 by-laws plus schedules) with detailed procedural requirements for registration, licensing, and impoundment","18 defined terms in the interpretation section (by-law 3), including technical concepts like 'permanent electronic subcutaneous implant' and 'menace'","Multiple conditional defences scattered throughout offence provisions (e.g., by-laws 20(2), 22(2), 23(2), 24(3), 25(2), 27(2)) requiring careful parsing of exceptions","Nested administrative procedures: registration applications → determinations → conditions → appeals → cancellations, with specific timeframes (21 days, 7 days, 14 days)","Cross-references to repealed legislation ('Repealed Act' and Dog Act Repeal Act 1991) creating historical legislative dependencies","Dual enforcement mechanisms: court prosecution vs fixed penalty infringement notices with different procedural requirements","Specific evidentiary provisions (by-law 46) creating presumptions about register entries and Council resolutions"],"plain_english_summary":"These are local council rules for the remote Northern Territory town of Borroloola that set out how dogs must be managed to keep the community safe and peaceful.\n\n**What the rules do:**\n- **Registration:** All dogs kept in Borroloola must be registered with the Council. Registration lasts until 30 June each year and requires the dog to wear a tag or have a microchip implanted under its skin.\n- **Licences:** If you want to keep more dogs than the Council allows, you need a special licence for your premises.\n- **Restricted and exercise areas:** The Council can declare certain areas where dogs are banned entirely (dog restriction areas) or where they can run off-leash (dog exercise areas).\n- **Control requirements:** Dogs must be kept under \"effective control\" — meaning on a leash no longer than 2.5 metres held by someone competent to restrain the dog, enclosed in a vehicle, or in a designated exercise area (unless the dog is a female in heat).\n- **Offences:** It is illegal to let dogs roam \"at large\" (unrestrained in public), abandon dogs, remove identification tags without reason, or own a dog that attacks, menaces, chases vehicles, or causes a nuisance (such as persistent barking or fouling public areas without cleanup).\n- **Pounds and seizure:** Council officers can seize stray, diseased, or dangerous dogs and impound them. Dogs may be destroyed after a set period if not claimed, or immediately if severely diseased or injured.\n- **Penalties:** Fines apply for breaches, with some offences carrying fixed penalties (like $50) that can be paid to avoid court. Serious offences carry penalties up to $2,000 plus daily fines for continuing breaches.\n\n**Who it affects:** Anyone who owns or keeps a dog in Borroloola, including residents, veterinarians, the local RSPCA, and visitors staying longer than four months.\n\n**Why it matters:** The rules balance responsible pet ownership with community safety — preventing dog attacks, reducing noise and hygiene nuisances, and ensuring lost dogs can be identified and returned. They also provide a legal framework for dealing with dangerous or abandoned animals humanely."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/borroloola-community-government-council-control-of-dogs-by-laws-1992","history":"/api/acts/borroloola-community-government-council-control-of-dogs-by-laws-1992/history","analysis":"/api/acts/borroloola-community-government-council-control-of-dogs-by-laws-1992/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/borroloola-community-government-council-control-of-dogs-by-laws-1992/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/borroloola-community-government-council-control-of-dogs-by-laws-1992/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/borroloola-community-government-council-control-of-dogs-by-laws-1992/documents"}}