{"id":"F2016L01027","name":"Biosecurity (Listed Human Diseases) Determination 2016","slug":"biosecurity-listed-human-diseases-determination-2016","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":129329,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2016L01027-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-03","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Biosecurity (Listed Human Diseases) Determination 2016","content":"---\nmeta-content-style-type: text/css\nmeta-content-type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8\ntitle: Biosecurity (Listed Human Diseases) Determination 2016\n---\n\n?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n\n![Commonwealth Coat of Arms of Australia](image.001.png)\n\nBiosecurity (Listed Human Diseases) Determination 2016\n\nmade under subsection 42(1) of the\n\nBiosecurity Act 2015\n\nCompilation No. 1\n\nCompilation date:    21 January 2020\n\nIncludes amendments up to: F2020L00037\n\nRegistered:    3 February 2020\n\n \n\nAbout this compilation\n\nThis compilation\n\nThis is a compilation of the Biosecurity (Listed Human Diseases) Determination 2016 that shows the text of the law as amended and in force on 21 January 2020 (the compilation date).\n\nThe notes at the end of this compilation (the endnotes) include information about amending laws and the amendment history of provisions of the compiled law.\n\nUncommenced amendments\n\nThe effect of uncommenced amendments is not shown in the text of the compiled law. Any uncommenced amendments affecting the law are accessible on the Legislation Register (www.legislation.gov.au). The details of amendments made up to, but not commenced at, the compilation date are underlined in the endnotes. For more information on any uncommenced amendments, see the series page on the Legislation Register for the compiled law.\n\nApplication, saving and transitional provisions for provisions and amendments\n\nIf the operation of a provision or amendment of the compiled law is affected by an application, saving or transitional provision that is not included in this compilation, details are included in the endnotes.\n\nEditorial changes\n\nFor more information about any editorial changes made in this compilation, see the endnotes.\n\nModifications\n\nIf the compiled law is modified by another law, the compiled law operates as modified but the modification does not amend the text of the law. Accordingly, this compilation does not show the text of the compiled law as modified. For more information on any modifications, see the series page on the Legislation Register for the compiled law.\n\nSelf‑repealing provisions\n\nIf a provision of the compiled law has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law, details are included in the endnotes.\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nContents\n\n1 Name\n\n3 Authority\n\n4 Listed human diseases\n\nEndnotes\n\nEndnote 1—About the endnotes\n\nEndnote 2—Abbreviation key\n\nEndnote 3—Legislation history\n\nEndnote 4—Amendment history\n\n \n\n1  Name\n\n  This is the Biosecurity (Listed Human Diseases) Determination 2016.\n\n3  Authority\n\n  This instrument is made under subsection 42(1) of the Biosecurity Act 2015.\n\n4  Listed human diseases\n\n  Each of the following human diseases is a listed human disease:\n\n (a) human influenza with pandemic potential;\n\n (b) Middle East respiratory syndrome;\n\n (c) plague;\n\n (d) severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS);\n\n (e) smallpox;\n\n (f) viral haemorrhagic fevers;\n\n (g) yellow fever;\n\n (h) human coronavirus with pandemic potential.\n\n \n\nEndnotes\n\nEndnote 1—About the endnotes\n\nThe endnotes provide information about this compilation and the compiled law.\n\nThe following endnotes are included in every compilation:\n\nEndnote 1—About the endnotes\n\nEndnote 2—Abbreviation key\n\nEndnote 3—Legislation history\n\nEndnote 4—Amendment history\n\nAbbreviation key—Endnote 2\n\nThe abbreviation key sets out abbreviations that may be used in the endnotes.\n\nLegislation history and amendment history—Endnotes 3 and 4\n\nAmending laws are annotated in the legislation history and amendment history.\n\nThe legislation history in endnote 3 provides information about each law that has amended (or will amend) the compiled law. The information includes commencement details for amending laws and details of any application, saving or transitional provisions that are not included in this compilation.\n\nThe amendment history in endnote 4 provides information about amendments at the provision (generally section or equivalent) level. It also includes information about any provision of the compiled law that has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law.\n\nEditorial changes\n\nThe Legislation Act 2003 authorises First Parliamentary Counsel to make editorial and presentational changes to a compiled law in preparing a compilation of the law for registration. The changes must not change the effect of the law. Editorial changes take effect from the compilation registration date.\n\nIf the compilation includes editorial changes, the endnotes include a brief outline of the changes in general terms. Full details of any changes can be obtained from the Office of Parliamentary Counsel.\n\nMisdescribed amendments\n\nA misdescribed amendment is an amendment that does not accurately describe the amendment to be made. If, despite the misdescription, the amendment can be given effect as intended, the amendment is incorporated into the compiled law and the abbreviation “(md)” added to the details of the amendment included in the amendment history.\n\nIf a misdescribed amendment cannot be given effect as intended, the abbreviation “(md not incorp)” is added to the details of the amendment included in the amendment history.\n\n \n\nEndnote 2—Abbreviation key\n\n \n\n| ad = added or inserted | o = order(s) |\n| --- | --- |\n| am = amended | Ord = Ordinance |\n| amdt = amendment | orig = original |\n| c = clause(s) | par = paragraph(s)/subparagraph(s) |\n| C[x] = Compilation No. x | /sub‑subparagraph(s) |\n| Ch = Chapter(s) | pres = present |\n| def = definition(s) | prev = previous |\n| Dict = Dictionary | (prev…) = previously |\n| disallowed = disallowed by Parliament | Pt = Part(s) |\n| Div = Division(s) | r = regulation(s)/rule(s) |\n| ed = editorial change | reloc = relocated |\n| exp = expires/expired or ceases/ceased to have | renum = renumbered |\n| effect | rep = repealed |\n| F = Federal Register of Legislation | rs = repealed and substituted |\n| gaz = gazette | s = section(s)/subsection(s) |\n| LA = Legislation Act 2003 | Sch = Schedule(s) |\n| LIA = Legislative Instruments Act 2003 | Sdiv = Subdivision(s) |\n| (md) = misdescribed amendment can be given | SLI = Select Legislative Instrument |\n| effect | SR = Statutory Rules |\n| (md not incorp) = misdescribed amendment | Sub‑Ch = Sub‑Chapter(s) |\n| cannot be given effect | SubPt = Subpart(s) |\n| mod = modified/modification | underlining = whole or part not |\n| No. = Number(s) | commenced or to be commenced |\n\n\n \n\nEndnote 3—Legislation history\n\n \n\n| Name | Registration | Commencement | Application, saving and transitional provisions |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Biosecurity (Listed Human Diseases) Determination 2016 | 14 June 2016 (F2016L01027) | 16 June 2016 (s 2(1) item 1) |  |\n| Biosecurity (Listed Human Diseases) Amendment Determination 2020 | 21 Jan 2020 (F2020L00037) | 21 Jan 2020 (s 2) | — |\n\n\n \n\nEndnote 4—Amendment history\n\n \n\n| Provision affected | How affected |\n| --- | --- |\n| s 2..................... | rep LA s 48D |\n| s 4..................... | am F2020L00037 |\n\n\n \n\n \n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":1,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The instrument has remained true to its original purpose: maintaining a simple list of diseases that activate biosecurity powers. The 2020 amendment added one disease category (human coronavirus with pandemic potential) but did not expand the instrument's scope beyond disease listing. The mechanism remains a straightforward enumeration without additional regulatory baggage."},"complexity_factors":["Only 3 operative sections (Name, Authority, Listed diseases)","Zero defined terms in the body of the instrument","No cross-references to other sections within the instrument","Simple list format with no conditional logic or exceptions","Total length is under 2 pages of substantive content","No procedural requirements or compliance obligations stated"],"plain_english_summary":"This instrument creates an official list of eight dangerous human diseases under Australia’s Biosecurity Act 2015, naming influenza with pandemic potential, MERS, plague, SARS, smallpox, viral haemorrhagic fevers, yellow fever, and human coronavirus with pandemic potential. Diseases on the list enable extraordinary public‑health powers—quarantine, movement restrictions and controls at ports and airports—to prevent entry or spread.\n\nIt matters because listing is the legal trigger for declaring a human biosecurity emergency; the 2020 addition for coronaviruses provided the basis for COVID‑19 measures."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The list in section 4 was amended by the Biosecurity (Listed Human Diseases) Amendment Determination 2020 (registered 21 January 2020). Endnotes 3–4 record that s 4 was amended on that date, so the set of diseases designated as listed human diseases changed from the original 2016 text."},"complexity_factors":["Short, single-purpose instrument whose sole operative provision is a list of diseases (s 4) — low textual complexity.","Made under subsection 42(1) of the Biosecurity Act 2015 (s 3) — its legal effect depends on interpreting and applying broader Act powers and regulations.","Two entries use open-ended qualifiers (“with pandemic potential” for human influenza and human coronavirus) (s 4(a),(h)), requiring factual and legal judgement to apply.","Amendment history (amended by a 2020 Determination; endnotes 3–4) means the current list must be read with amendment records to establish scope.","Operational complexity arises from interactions with border, health and laboratory procedures and enforcement powers in other instruments — practical effects distributed across many agencies.","Limited direct obligations in the instrument itself, but it creates trigger points that can generate significant downstream administrative and compliance burdens."],"plain_english_summary":"This instrument names particular human diseases as “listed human diseases” under the Biosecurity Act 2015, making those diseases eligible to attract the Act’s statutory biosecurity powers (for example, restrictions and health measures at borders and elsewhere). It affects federal biosecurity and health agencies, medical laboratories, travellers and anyone subject to biosecurity measures, because the list determines which diseases can trigger statutory action."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/biosecurity-listed-human-diseases-determination-2016","history":"/api/acts/biosecurity-listed-human-diseases-determination-2016/history","analysis":"/api/acts/biosecurity-listed-human-diseases-determination-2016/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/biosecurity-listed-human-diseases-determination-2016/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/biosecurity-listed-human-diseases-determination-2016/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/biosecurity-listed-human-diseases-determination-2016/documents"}}