{"id":"F2015L00486","name":"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Standard 2.10.3 – Chewing gum","slug":"australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-standard-2-10-3-chewing-gum","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":93140,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2015L00486-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Standard 2.10.3 – Chewing gum","content":"Standard 2.10.3 Chewing gum\n\nNote 1 This instrument is a standard under the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 (Cth). The standards together make up the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code. See also section 1.1.1—3.\n\nNote 2 The provisions of the Code that apply in New Zealand are incorporated in, or adopted under, the Food Act 2014 (NZ). See also section 1.1.1—3.\n\n2.10.3—1 Name\n\nThis Standard is Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Standard 2.10.3 – Chewing gum.\n\nNote Commencement:  \nThis Standard commences on 1 March 2016, being the date specified as the commencement date in notices in the Gazette and the New Zealand Gazette under section 92 of the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 (Cth). See also section 93 of that Act.\n\n2.10.3—2 Definition\n\nNote In this Code (see section 1.1.2—2):\n\nreleasable calcium, CaR, means the amount of calcium, in mg/g of chewing gum, released into the mouth during 20 minutes of chewing that is calculated using the following equation:\n\n![](image.001.png)\n\nwhere:\n\nCaO is the original calcium concentration in the chewing gum in mg/g of chewing gum.\n\nWO is the weight of the original chewing gum in g.\n\nCaC is the residual calcium in the gum after it has been chewed for 20 minutes in mg/g of chewing gum.\n\nWC is the weight of the chewed gum in g.\n\nsmall package means a package with a surface area of less than 100 cm2.\n\n2.10.3—3 Addition of calcium to chewing gum\n\nCalcium may be added to chewing gum only if:\n\n(a) the chewing gum contains no more than 0.2% residual sugars; and\n\n(b) the calcium is in a permitted form specified in section S17—3.\n\n2.10.3—4 Claims about the presence of calcium in chewing gum\n\n(1) Despite subsection 1.2.7—12(1), a claim to the effect that chewing gum is a good source of calcium or \\*releasable calcium must not be made.\n\nNote Subsection 1.2.7—12(1) and the table to section S4—3 regulate when nutrition content claims may be made, including nutrition content claims about a food being a good source of vitamins or minerals.\n\n(2) A claim about the presence of \\*releasable calcium in chewing gum may be made only if:\n\n(a) the chewing gum contains no more than 0.2% residual sugars; and\n\n(b) the chewing gum contains no less than 80 mg (10% RDI) of releasable calcium per serving; and\n\n(c) the amount claimed is no more than 200 mg (25% RDI) of releasable calcium per serving; and\n\n(d) the \\*supplier who makes the claim or includes it on a label or in an advertisement:\n\n    (i) has records that substantiate the matters listed in paragraphs (b) and (c); and\n    (ii) makes the records available to the \\*relevant authority upon request.\n\n2.10.3—5 Labelling requirements\n\n(1) If a claim is made in accordance with section 2.10.3—4, the nutrition information panel must include:\n\n(a) for chewing gum in a small package:\n\n    (i) the \\*average quantity of \\*releasable calcium per serving; and\n    (ii) the serving size; and\n\n(b) for chewing gum other than in a small package—the average quantity of releasable calcium per serving and per 100 g; and\n\n(c) in any case:\n\n    (i) the proportion of the \\*RDI (for calcium) of releasable calcium per serving; and\n    (ii) a statement to the effect that the average quantity of calcium is released during 20 minutes of chewing.\n\n(2) For chewing gum in a small package:\n\n(a) the information need not be set out in a nutrition information panel; and\n\n(b) to avoid doubt, paragraph 1.2.8—14(1)(b) does not apply in relation to a claim made in accordance with section 2.10.3—4.\n\n(3) For chewing gum other than in a small package, the nutrition information panel may be set out in the form specified in section S12—7.\n\n\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_  \n\nAmendment History\n\nThe Amendment History provides information about each amendment to the Standard. The information includes commencement or cessation information for relevant amendments.\n\nThese amendments are made under section 92 of the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 unless otherwise indicated. Amendments do not have a specific date for cessation unless indicated as such.\n\nAbout this compilation\n\nThis is compilation No. 1 of Standard 2.10.3 as in force on 13 April 2017 (up to Amendment No. 168). It includes any commenced amendment affecting the compilation to that date.\n\nPrepared by Food Standards Australia New Zealand on 13 April 2017.\n\nUncommenced amendments or provisions ceasing to have effect\n\nTo assist stakeholders, the effect of any uncommenced amendments or provisions which will cease to have effect, may be reflected in the Standard as shaded boxed text with the relevant commencement or cessation date. These amendments will be reflected in a compilation registered on the Federal Register of Legislation including or omitting those amendments and provided in the Amendment History once the date is passed.\n\nThe following abbreviations may be used in the table below:\n\nad = added or inserted am = amended\n\nexp = expired or ceased to have effect rep = repealed\n\nrs = repealed and substituted\n\nStandard 2.10.3 was published in the Food Standards Gazette No. FSC96 on 10 April 2015 as part of Amendment 154 (F2015L00486 –- 2 April 2015) and has since been amended as follows:\n\n| Section affected | A’ment No. | FRL registrationGazette                     | Commencement(Cessation) | How affected | Description of amendment                                       |\n| ---------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| 2.10.3—4(2)      | 168        | F2017L0041411 April 2017FSC11013 April 2017 | 13 April 2017           | am           | References to ‘serve’ replaced with ‘serving’ for consistency. |\n| 2.10.3—5(1)      | 168        | F2017L0041411 April 2017FSC11013 April 2017 | 13 April 2017           | am           | References to ‘serve’ replaced with ‘serving’ for consistency. |","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"Amendments recorded are editorial/terminology changes (replacing 'serve' with 'serving' in 2017, Amendment No. 168) and did not alter the Standard's substantive scope or eligibility thresholds. The Standard's core limits on addition, claim conditions and labelling remain as originally set (Amendment History entries for 2.10.3—4(2) and 2.10.3—5(1))."},"complexity_factors":["Technical definition and measurement: releasable calcium (CaR) calculated by a formula requiring pre‑ and post‑chew measurements (2.10.3—2).","Numeric thresholds and limits: residual sugar ceiling (≤0.2%), claim band 80–200 mg releasable Ca per serving (2.10.3—3; 2.10.3—4(2)(b),(c)).","Cross‑references to other Code provisions: permitted calcium forms (S17—3) and nutrition claim rules (1.2.7—12(1), S4—3).","Record‑keeping and enforcement: suppliers must substantiate claims and make records available on request (2.10.3—4(2)(d)).","Labelling rules with small‑package exceptions and required RDI statements (2.10.3—5).","Minor amendment history affecting wording consistency (Amendment No. 168) without large substantive change."],"plain_english_summary":"**What it does:** This Standard controls when calcium can be added to chewing gum, what claims about \"releasable calcium\" may be made, and what labelling is required. It requires low residual sugars (≤0.2%), permits only specified calcium forms, and sets minimum and maximum releasable-calcium amounts for claims (ss. 2.10.3—3, 2.10.3—4).\n\n**Who it affects and why it matters:** Suppliers must test, keep records and adjust labelling to make allowable claims; regulators may inspect those records. These requirements create testing, record‑keeping and labelling costs and constrain marketing and formulation choices (ss. 2.10.3—4(2)(d), 2.10.3—5)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The legislation maintains its original narrow scope. It was clearly designed from inception to regulate calcium-fortified chewing gum specifically, and has not expanded to cover other nutrients, other confectionery, or broader food categories. The amendment history shows only minor terminological changes ('serve' to 'serving'), not substantive expansion."},"complexity_factors":["One defined term with a mathematical equation ('releasable calcium') requiring specific laboratory measurement","Cross-references to at least 5 other sections of the Code (1.1.1—3, 1.1.2—2, 1.2.7—12(1), S4—3, S17—3, S12—7, 1.2.8—14(1)(b))","Nested conditional logic: claims permitted only if multiple cumulative conditions satisfied (sugar content + calcium amount + record-keeping)","Exception to a prohibition structure: subsection 2.10.3—4(2) creates an exception to the general prohibition in 2.10.3—4(1), which itself operates 'despite' another section","Different labelling rules for 'small package' vs standard packages creating a binary conditional split","Specific numerical thresholds (0.2%, 80mg, 200mg, 100cm², 20 minutes) requiring precise compliance"],"plain_english_summary":"This standard restricts adding calcium to chewing gum—allowed only in approved forms and in very low‑sugar gum—and limits marketing so manufacturers cannot call gum a “good source of calcium.” They may claim “releasable calcium” only if the gum releases a specified amount (and makers keep records) and labels must state per‑serving releasable calcium, serving size, % daily value, and that release occurs over 20 minutes.\n\nIt affects chewing‑gum manufacturers/importers in Australia and New Zealand and prevents misleading calcium claims."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-standard-2-10-3-chewing-gum","history":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-standard-2-10-3-chewing-gum/history","analysis":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-standard-2-10-3-chewing-gum/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-standard-2-10-3-chewing-gum/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-standard-2-10-3-chewing-gum/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-standard-2-10-3-chewing-gum/documents"}}