{"id":"F2015L00450","name":"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Schedule 26 – Genetically modified food","slug":"australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-schedule-26-genetically-modified-food","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":93058,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2015L00450-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Schedule 26 – Genetically modified food","content":"Schedule 26 Genetically modified food\n\nNote 1 This instrument is a standard under the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 (Cth). The standards together make up the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code. See also section 1.1.1—3.\n\nGenetically modified food is regulated by paragraphs 1.1.1—10(5)(c) and (6)(g) and Standard 1.5.2. This standard lists genetically modified food, and corresponding conditions, for section 1.5.2—3.\n\nNote 2 The provisions of the Code that apply in New Zealand are incorporated in, or adopted under, the Food Act 2014 (NZ). See also section 1.1.1—3.\n\nS26—1 Name\n\nThis Standard is Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Schedule 26 – Genetically modified food.\n\nNote Commencement: \nThis Standard commences on 1 March 2016, being the date specified as the commencement date in notices in the Gazette and the New Zealand Gazette under section 92 of the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 (Cth). See also section 93 of that Act.\n\nS26—2 Interpretation\n\n(1) In this Schedule, headings in bold type are for information only, and do not list food for the purpose of section 1.5.2—3.\n\n(2) In this Schedule:\n\nline means:\n\n(a) an animal or plant that has genetic material which includes a transformation event or events; or\n\n(b) an animal or plant that:\n\n(i) is descended from an animal or plant described in paragraph (a); and\n\n(ii) is the result of conventional breeding of that animal or plant with:\n\n(A) any animal or plant that does not contain a transformation event or events; or\n\n(B) any other animal or plant that contains a transformation event or events, whether expressed as a line or event, that is listed in the table to section S26—3; and\n\n(iii) is not an animal or plant derived solely as a result of conventional breeding.\n\nsoy leghemoglobin preparation means a cell lysate preparation that:\n\n(a) is derived from Pichia pastoris containing the gene for leghemoglobin c2 from Glycine max; and\n\n(b) contains soy leghemoglobin.\n\ntransformation event means a unique genetic modification arising from the insertion of novel DNA.\n\nS26—3 Permitted genetically modified food and conditions\n\n(1) The table to subsection (4) and the table to subsection (7) list permitted genetically modified food.\n\n(2) Items 1(g), 1(i), 2(m), 7(e), 7(g), 7(h), 9(a) and 12(a) of the table to subsection (4) are subject to the condition that their labelling must comply with section 1.5.2—4.\n\nNote That section requires the statement ‘genetically modified’.\n\n(2A) Products containing beta-carotene from item 6(b) of the table to subsection (4) are subject to the condition that their labelling must comply with section 1.5.2—4.\n\n(3) Item 2(m) of the table to subsection (4) is also subject to the condition that, for the labelling provisions, unless the protein content has been removed as part of a refining process, the information relating to \\*foods produced using gene technology includes a statement to the effect that the high lysine corn line LY038 has been genetically modified to contain increased levels of lysine.\n\n(4) The table for this subsection is:\n\nGenetically modified food of plant origin\n\n```html\n

Commodity

Food derived from:

1

Canola

(a) herbicide-tolerant canola line GT73

(b) herbicide-tolerant canola lines Topas 19/2 and T45 and herbicide-tolerant and pollination-controlled lines Ms1, Ms8, Rf1, Rf2, Rf3

(c) herbicide-tolerant canola line Westar-Oxy-235

(d) herbicide-tolerant canola line MON88302

(e) herbicide-tolerant canola line DP-073496-4

(f) herbicide-tolerant canola line MS11

(g) DHA canola line NS-B50027-4, subject to the condition that oil derived from DHA canola line NS-B50027-4 must not be used as an ingredient in infant formula products (see subsection (2))

(h) herbicide-tolerant canola line MON94100

(i) EPA and DHA producing and herbicide-tolerant canola line LBFLFK, subject to the condition that oil derived from EPA and DHA producing and herbicide-tolerant canola line LBFLFK must not be used as an ingredient in infant formula products (see subsection (2))

2

Corn

(a) herbicide-tolerant corn line GA21

(b) insect-protected corn line MON810

(c) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line Bt11

(d) insect-protected corn line Bt176

(e) herbicide-tolerant corn line T25

(f) herbicide-tolerant corn line NK603

(g) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DBT418

(h) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line 1507

(i) insect-protected corn line MON863

(j) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DAS-59122-7

(k) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line MON88017

(l) insect-protected corn line MIR604

(m) high lysine corn line LY038 (see subsections (2) and (3))

(n) amylase modified corn line 3272

(o) insect-protected corn line MON89034

(p) insect-protected corn line MIR162

(q) herbicide-tolerant corn line DP-098140-6

(r) drought-tolerant corn line MON87460

(s) herbicide-tolerant corn line DAS-40278-9

(t) insect-protected corn line 5307

(u) herbicide-tolerant corn line MON87427

(v) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line MON87411

(w) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line 4114

(x) herbicide-tolerant corn line MZHG0JG

(y) high yield corn line MON87403

(z) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line MZIR098

(za) herbicide-tolerant corn line MON87419

(zb) herbicide-tolerant corn line MON87429

(zc) enhanced yield and herbicide-tolerant corn line DP202216

(zd) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DP23211

(ze) insect-protected corn line MON95379

(zf) Insect-protected corn line MON95275

(zg) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DP51291

(zh) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DP915635

(zi) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DAS1131

(zj) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DP910521

(zk) short-stature corn line MON94804

(zl) insect-protected corn line MZIR260

3

Cotton

(a) insect-protected cotton lines 531, 757 and 1076

(b) herbicide-tolerant cotton line 1445

(c) herbicide-tolerant cotton lines 10211 and 10222

(d) insect-protected cotton line 15985

(e) insect-protected cotton line COT102

(f) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected cotton line MXB-13

(g) herbicide-tolerant cotton line LL25

(h) herbicide-tolerant cotton line MON88913

(i) herbicide-tolerant cotton line GHB614

(j) insect-protected cotton line COT67B

(k) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected cotton line T304-40

(l) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected cotton line GHB119

(m) herbicide-tolerant cotton line MON88701

(n) herbicide-tolerant cotton line DAS-81910-7

(o) herbicide-tolerant cotton line GHB811

(p) insect-protected cotton line MON88702

4

Lucerne

(a) herbicide-tolerant lucerne lines J101 and J163

(b) reduced lignin lucerne line KK179

5

Potato

(a) insect-protected potato lines BT-06, ATBT04-06, ATBT04-31, ATBT04-36, and SPBT02-05

(b) insect- and virus-protected potato lines RBMT21-129, RBMT21-350 and RBMT22-82

(c) insect- and virus-protected potato lines RBMT15-101, SEMT15-02 and SEMT15-15

(d) reduced acrylamide potential and reduced browning potato line E12

(e) reduced acrylamide potential and reduced browning potato lines F10 and J3

(f) disease-resistant, reduced acrylamide potential and reduced browning potato lines W8, X17 and Y9

(g) reduced acrylamide potential and reduced browning potato line V11

(h) disease-resistant, reduced acrylamide potential and reduced browning potato line Z6

(i) disease-resistant, low-reducing sugars and reduced browning potato line BG25

6

Rice

(a) herbicide-tolerant rice line LLRICE62

(b) provitamin A rice line GR2E (see subsection 2A))

7

Soybean

(a) herbicide-tolerant soybean line 40-3-2

(b) herbicide-tolerant soybean lines A2704-12 and A5547-127

(c) herbicide-tolerant soybean line MON89788

(d) herbicide-tolerant soybean line DP-356043-5

(e) high oleic acid soybean line DP-305423-1 (see subsection (2))

(f) insect-protected soybean line MON87701

(g) herbicide-tolerant high oleic acid soybean line MON87705 (see subsection (2))

(h) soybean line MON87769 producing stearidonic acid (see subsection (2))

(i) herbicide-tolerant soybean line DAS-68416-4

(j) herbicide-tolerant soybean line FG72

(k) herbicide-tolerant soybean line MON87708

(l) herbicide-tolerant soybean line CV127

(m) herbicide-tolerant soybean line DAS-44406-6

(n) herbicide-tolerant soybean line SYHT0H2

(o) insect-protected soybean line DAS-81419-2

(p) insect-protected soybean line MON87751

(q) nematode-protected and herbicide-tolerant soybean line GMB151

(r) drought-tolerant and herbicide tolerant soybean line IND-00410-5

(s) herbicide-tolerant soybean line MON94313

(t) insect-protected soybean line MON94637

(u) insect-protected soybean line COR23134

8

Sugar beet

(a) herbicide-tolerant sugar beet line 77

(b) herbicide-tolerant sugar beet line H7-1

(c) herbicide-tolerant sugar beet line KWS20-1

9

Safflower

(a) super high oleic safflower lines 26 and 40 (see subsection (2))

10

Wheat

(a) drought-tolerant and herbicide-tolerant wheat line IND-00412-7

11

Banana

(a) disease-resistant banana line QCAV-4

12

Tomato

(a) purple tomato lines containing event Del/Ros1-N (see subsection (2))

\n```\n\n(5) A food listed in the table to subsection (7) must comply with any corresponding conditions listed in that table.\n\n(6) A source listed in the table to subsection (7) may contain additional copies of genes from the same strain.\n\n \n\n(7) The table for this subsection is:\n\nGenetically modified food of microbial origin\n\n```html\n

Substance

Source

Conditions of use

1

2′-fucosyllactose

(a) Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand GlyCare.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1155 – 2′-FL and LNnT in infant formula and other products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

(b) Escherichia coli BL21 containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Escherichia coli O126

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand CHR. HANSEN™ 2′-FL.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1190 – 2′-FL in infant formula and other products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

(c) Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Bacteroides vulgatus

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand Aequival® 2’FL.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1233 – 2’-FL from new GM source for infant formula) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

(d) Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Helicobacter enhydrae

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand 2’FL-Inbiose.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1277 -2′-FL from GM Escherichia coli K-12 (gene donor: Helicobacter enhydrae) in infant formula products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

(e) Corynebacterium glutamicum containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Pseudopedobacter saltans

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand Momstamin 2′-FL.
  3. 3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1283 - 2′-FL from GM Corynebacterium glutamicum in infant formula products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

(f) Escherichia coli W containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Helicobacter mustelae

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand 2′-FL Kyowa.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1308 - 2′-FL from GM Escherichia coli W in infant formula products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

2

Lacto-N-neotetraose

(a) Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase from Neisseria meningitides and the gene for beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori

  1. May only be added to infant formula products in combination with 2′- fucosyllactose.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand GlyCare.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1155 – 2′-FL and LNnT in infant formula and other products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

3

Soy leghemoglobin preparation

Pichia Pastoris containing the gene for leghemoglobin c2 from Glycine max

  1. May only be added to a meat analogue product to enable the use in that product of soy leghemoglobin as a nutritive substance in accordance with Standard 1.3.2.
  2. Must comply with the specifications set out in section S3—42.

4

A combination of 2′-fucosyllactose and difucosyllactose

Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand GlyCare 2′-FL/DFL 8001.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1265 – 2′-FL/DFL, LNT, 6’-SL sodium salt and 3’-SL sodium salt as nutritive substances in infant formula products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

5

lacto-N-tetraose

Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for beta-1,3- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase from Neisseria meningitides and the gene for beta-1,3- galactosyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand GlyCare LNT8001.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1265 – 2′-FL/DFL, LNT, 6’-SL sodium salt and 3’-SL sodium salt as nutritive substances in infant formula products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

6

6′-sialyllactose sodium salt

Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium damsela and CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase, Neu5Ac synthase, N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphatase epimerase from Campylobacter jejuni

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand GlyCare 6SL 9001.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1265 – 2′-FL/DFL, LNT, 6’-SL sodium salt and 3’-SL sodium salt as nutritive substances in infant formula products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

7

3′-sialyllactose sodium salt

Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitides and CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase, Neu5Ac synthase, N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphatase epimerase from Campylobacter jejuni

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand GlyCare 3SL 9001.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1265 – 2′-FL/DFL, LNT, 6’-SL sodium salt and 3’-SL sodium salt as nutritive substances in infant formula products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.

8

3-fucosyllactose

Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for alpha-1,3-fucosyl-transferase from Helicobacter pylori

  1. May only be added to infant formula products.
  2. During the exclusive use period, may only be sold under the brand GLYCARE®.
  3. For the purposes of condition 2 above, exclusive use period means the period commencing on the date of gazettal of the Food Standards (Application A1324 – 3-fucosyllactose as a nutritive substance in infant formula products) Variation and ending 15 months after that date.
\n```\n\n\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_ \n\nAmendment History\n\nThe Amendment History provides information about each amendment to the Schedule. The information includes commencement or cessation information for relevant amendments.\n\nThese amendments are made under section 92 of the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 unless otherwise indicated. Amendments do not have a specific date for cessation unless indicated as such.\n\nAbout this compilation\n\nThis is compilation No. 36 of Schedule 26 as in force on 20 January 2026 (up to Amendment No. 247). It includes any commenced amendment affecting the compilation to that date.\n\nPrepared by Food Standards Australia New Zealand on 20 January 2026.\n\nUncommenced amendments or provisions ceasing to have effect\n\nTo assist stakeholders, the effect of any uncommenced amendments or provisions which will cease to have effect, may be reflected in the Schedule as shaded boxed text with the relevant commencement or cessation date. These amendments will be reflected in a compilation registered on the Federal Register of Legislation including or omitting those amendments and provided in the Amendment History once the date is passed.\n\nThe following abbreviations may be used in the table below:\n\nad = added or inserted am = amended\n\nexp = expired or ceased to have effect rep = repealed\n\nrs = repealed and substituted\n\nSchedule 26 was published in the Food Standards Gazette No. FSC96 on 10 April 2015 as part of Amendment 154 (F2015L00450 –- 1 April 2015) and has since been amended as follows:\n\n| Clause affected | A’ment No. | FRL registrationGazette | Commencement(Cessation) | How affected | Description of amendment |\n| ------------------------ | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------- | ------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Std heading | 161 | F2016L0012018 Feb 2016FSC10322 Feb 2016 | 1 March 2016 | am | Correct cross references to 1.1.1. |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 156 | F2015L012256 Aug 2015FSC986 Aug 2015 | 1 March 2016 | ad | One GM commodity (corn) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 159 | F2015L019222 Dec 2015FSC1017 Dec 2015 | 1 March 2016 | ad | One GM commodity (corn) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 160 | F2016L0003711 Jan 2016FSC10214 Jan 2016 | 1 March 2016 | ad | One GM commodity (soybean) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 161 | F2016L0012018 Feb 2016FSC10322 Feb 2016 | 1 March 2016 | am | Correct minor naming errors in (a) and (b) for lucerne commodities |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 162 | F2016L0051915 April 2016FSC10421 April 2016 | 21 April 2016 | ad | One GM commodity (corn) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 162 | F2016L0052015 April 2016FSC10421 April 2016 | 21 April 2016 | ad | One GM commodity (corn) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 164 | F2016L0120021 July 2016FSC10621 July 2016 | 21 July 2016 | ad | One GM commodity (corn) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 165 | F2016L0136330 Aug 2016FSC1071 Sept 2016 | 1 Sept 2016 | ad | One GM commodity (corn) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 167 | F2017L001037 Feb 2017FSC1099 Feb 2017 | 9 Feb 2017 | ad | One GM commodity (potato) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 168 | F2017L0041411 April 2017FSC11013 April 2017 | 13 April 2017 | am | Correction of typographical errors in item 5(c) (potato) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 175 | F2017L015957 Dec 2017FSC1167 Dec 2017 | 7 December 2017 | ad | One GM commodity (potato) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 175 | F2017L015967 Dec 2017FSC1167 Dec 2017 | 7 December 2017 | ad | One GM commodity (canola) |\n| S26—3(2) | 177 | F2018L0013121 Feb 2018FSC11822 Feb 2018 | 22 February 2018 | ad | Inserting new subclause (2A) after the Note to subsection S26—3(2) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 177 | F2018L0013121 Feb 2018FSC11822 Feb 2018 | 22 February 2018 | ad | Inserting item 6(b) provitamin A rice line GR2E |\n| S26—3(2) | 177 | F2018L0013221 Feb 2018FSC11822 Feb 2018 | 22 February 2018 | ad | Inserting item 1(g) immediately before item 2(m) |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 177 | F2018L0013221 Feb 2018FSC11822 Feb 2018 | 22 February 2018 | ad | Inserting item 1(g) DHA canola line NS-B50027-4 |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 179 | F2018L0065224 May 2018FSC12024 May 2018 | 24 May 2018 | ad | Inserting item 3(o) herbicide-tolerant cotton line GHB811 |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 180 | F2018L0115022 August 2018FSC 12123 August 2018 | 23 August 2018 | ad | Inserting under item 3 (p) insect-protected cotton line MON88702 |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 182 | F2018L0159523 Nov 2018FSC12329 Nov 2018 | 29 Nov 2018 | am | Corrections to typographical errors 1(g) and 6(b) |\n| table to S26—3(2) | 183 | F2019L0003811 Jan 2019FSC12323 Jan 2019 | 23 January 2019 | ad | Inserting , and 9(a) after ‘7(h)’ |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 183 | F2019L0003811 Jan 2019FSC12323 Jan 2019 | 23 January 2019 | ad | Inserting item 9 Safflower |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 196 | F2020L015243 Dec 2020FSC1373 Dec 2020 | 3 December 2020 | ad | Inserting under item 2 (zb) herbicide-tolerant corn line MON87429 |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 196 | F2020L015263 Dec 2020FSC1373 Dec 2020 | 3 December 2020 | ad | Inserting under item 7 (q) nematode-protected and herbicide-tolerant soybean line GMB151 |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 196 | F2020L015273 Dec 2020FSC1373 Dec 2020 | 3 December 2020 | ad | Inserting under item 5 (g) reduced acrylamide potential and reduced browning potato line V11 and (h) disease-resistant, reduced acrylamide potential and reduced browning potato line Z6 |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 197 | F2021L0014423 Feb 2021FSC13825 Feb 2021 | 25 February 2020 | ad | Inserting under item 2 (zc) enhanced yield and herbicide-tolerant corn line DP202216 |\n| table to S26—3(1) | 198 | F2021L0033225 March 2021FSC 13926 March 2021 | 26 March 2021 | ad | Inserting 2′-O-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose |\n| table to S26—2(2) | 198 | F2021L0032625 March 2021FSC 13926 March 2021 | 26 March 2021 | ad | Inserting soy leghemoglobin preparation |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 199 | F2021L0046820 April 2021FSC 14022 April 2021 | 22 April 2021 | ad | Inserting under item 2 (zd) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DP23211 |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 201 | F2021L0098614 July 2021FSC 14222 July 2021 | 22 July 2021 | ad | Inserting herbicide-tolerant canola line MON94100 |\n| table to S26—3(7) | 205 | F2022L0003818 Jan 2022FSC 14620 January 2022 | 20 January 2022 | am | Omitting 2′- O-fucosyllactose and substituting 2′-fucosyllactose from an additional source |\n| table to S26—3(7) | 205 | F2022L0003818 Jan 2022FSC 14620 January 2022 | 20 January 2022 | am | Omitting 2′- O-fucosyllactose and substituting 2′-fucosyllactose |\n| table to S26—3(4) | 207 | F2022L0060714 April 2022FSC 14727 April 2022 | 27 April 2022 | am | Inserting insect-protected corn line MON95379 |\n| S26—3(4) | 209 | F2022L0096511 July 2022FSC 14915 July 2022 | 15 July 2022 | ad | Inserting drought-tolerant and herbicide-tolerant wheat line IND-00412-7 |\n| S26—3(7) | 209 | F2022L0096411 July 2022FSC 14915 July 2022 | 15 July 2022 | am | Repeal the item, substitute:2’ fucosyllactose |\n| S26—3(2) | 214 | F2022L015918 Dec 2022FSC 1548 Dec 2022 | 8 December 2022 | am | Repealing the subsection (not including the note), substituting to include 1(i) EPA and DHA producing and herbicide-tolerant canola line LBFLFK |\n| S26—3(4) | 214 | F2022L015918 Dec 2022FSC 1548 Dec 2022 | 8 December 2022 | ad | Inserting to table item 1, column headed “Food derived from:” EPA and DHA producing and herbicide-tolerant canola line LBFLFK |\n| S26—3(4) | 222 | F2023L0140826 October 2023FSC 16230 October 2023 | 30 October 2023 | ad | Insert to table item 2 insect-protected corn line MON95275 |\n| S26—3(4) | 223 | F2023L0156227 Nov 2023FSC 16330 Nov 2023 | 30 November 2023 | ad | Insert to table item 7 drought-tolerant and herbicide-tolerant corn line IND-00410-5 |\n| S26—3(7) | 223 | F2023L0156127 Nov 2023FSC 16330 Nov 2023 | 30 Nov 2023 | ad | Insert in the Subsection S26—3(7) (table) 4 new entries for the following substances, source and conditions for use,2′-fucosyllactose and difucosyllactose sourced from Escherichia coli K-12,lacto-N-tetraose sourced from Escherichia coli K-12,6′-sialyllactose sodium salt sourced from Escherichia coli K-12,3′-sialyllactose sodium salt sourced from Escherichia coli K-12 |\n| S26-3(4) | 226 | F2024L0018120 Feb 2024FSC16623 Feb 2024 | 23 February 2024 | ad | Insert in the Subsection S26-3(4), table item 2 herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DP51291 |\n| S26-3(4) | 227 | F2024L0046618 April 2024FSC16729 April 2024 | 29 April 2024 | ad | Insert in the Subsection S26-3(4), table item 2 herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DP915635 |\n| S26-3(4) | 227 | F2024L0046718 April 2024FSC16729 April 2024 | 29 April 2024 | ad | Insert in the Subsection S26—3(4) new table entry for Banana, disease-resistant banana line QCAV-4 |\n| S26-3(4) | 228 | F2024L0058624 May 2024FSC16831 May 2024 | 31 May 2024 | ad | Insert in the table, item 7, ‘Food derived from’ a new entry for herbicide-tolerant soybean line MON94313‘ |\n| S26-3(7) | 228 | F2024L0058724 May 2024FSC16831 May 2024 | 31 May 2024 | ad | Insert in the table, item 1 a new entry for Escherichia coli K-12 containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Helicobacter enhydrae, and conditions for use. |\n| S26-3(4) | 229 | F2024L0089516 July 2024 FSC 16922 July 2024 | 22 July 2024 | ad | Insert in the table, item 2 a new entry forherbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DAS1131 |\n| S26-3(7) | 230 | F2024L0098912 August 2024FSC 17015 August 2024 | 15 August 2024 | ad | Insert in the table item 1 a new entry for Corynebacterium glutamicum containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Pseudopedobacter saltans |\n| S26-3(4) | 230 | F2024L0098713 August 2024FSC 17015 August 2024 | 15 August 2024 | ad | Insert in the table item 2 a new entry (zj) herbicide-tolerant and insect-protected corn line DP910521 |\n| S26—3(4) | 232 | F2024L0131216 October 2024FSC 17217 October 2024 | 17 October 2024 | ad | Insert in the table item 2, a new entry (zk) short-stature corn line MON94804 |\n| S26—3(4) | 234 | F2025L000138 January 2025FSC 17413 January 2025 | 13 January 2025 | ad | Insert into table item 5, a new entry (i) disease-resistant, low-reducing sugars and reduced browning potato line BG25 |\n| S26—3(4) | 236 | F2025L0052328 April 2025FSC 17629 April 2025 | 29 April 2025 | ad | Insert into table item 8(c) herbicide-tolerant sugar beet line KWS20-1 |\n| S26—3(4) | 238 | F2025L0061230 May 2025FSC 1783 June 2025 | 3 June 2025 | ad | Insert in the table item 2, a new entry (zl) insect-protected corn line MZIR260 |\n| S26—3(7) | 240 | F2025L0085822 July 2025FSC 18022 July 2025 | 22 July 2025 | ad | Insert into table item 1, a new entry (f) Escherichia coli W containing the gene for alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase from Helicobacter mustelae |\n| S26—3(4) | 240 | F2025L0085922 July 2025FSC 18022 July 2025 | 22 July 2025 | ad | Insert into table item 7, a new entry (t) insect-protected soybean line MON94637 |\n| S26—3(4) | 242 | F2025L0093815 August 2025FSC 18221 August 2025 | 21 August 2025 | am | Insert into table item 7, a new entry (u) insect-protected soybean line COR23134 |\n| Std Title | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rs | Replace Food produced using gene technology with Genetically modified food |\n| Std Title (Note 1) | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rs | Replace the text for Note 1 |\n| S26—1 | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rs | Replace Food produced using gene technology with Genetically modified food |\n| S26—2(2) | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rep | Repeal the definition for conventional breeding |\n| S26—2(2) | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rs | Replace the definition for line |\n| S26—2(2) | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rs | Replace the definition for transformation event |\n| S26—3 (title) | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rs | Replace food produced using gene technology with genetically modified food |\n| S26—3(1) | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rs | Replace food produced using gene technology with genetically modified food |\n| S26—3(4) (Table heading) | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rs | Replace Food produced using gene technology with Genetically modified food |\n| S26—3(7) (Table heading) | 243 | F2025L0098826 August 2025FSC1832 Sept 2025 | 2 September 2025 | rs | Replace Food produced using gene technology with Genetically modified food |\n| S26—3(7) | 247 | F2026L0002215 January 2026FSC 18720 January 2026 | 20 January 2026 | am | Insert into table item 8 for 3‑fucosyllactose |\n| S26—3(2) | 247 | F2026L0002316 January 2026FSC 18720 January 2026 | 20 January 2026 | rs | Replace text to add new item entry 12(a) |\n| S26—3(4) | 247 | F2026L0002316 January 2026FSC 18720 January 2026 | 20 January 2026 | am | Insert into table item 12, a new entry (a) purple tomato lines containing event Del/Ros1-N |","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Schedule has expanded materially beyond a short initial ‘allowed items’ list into a large, granular register of permitted GM lines, event identifiers and microbial sources with item‑specific conditions. Over successive amendments the instrument added not just plant lines but also microbial‑derived substances used as nutritive ingredients (notably human milk oligosaccharides), branded and time‑limited exclusive use conditions, and product‑specific restrictions (for example bans on use of certain canola oils in infant formula). The 2025 amendments also altered interpretive definitions (removing a definition for ‘conventional breeding’ and replacing the definition of ‘line’ and ‘transformation event’), changing how the listed entries are to be read. In short, the instrument moved from a relatively narrow positive list to a detailed, conditional regulatory catalogue that includes temporary market‑allocation mechanisms (exclusive use periods) and many cross‑referenced technical constraints."},"complexity_factors":["Detailed positive list structure with dozens of discrete entries across two large tables (plant-origin and microbial-origin)","Multiple conditional dimensions: labelling requirements, specific-use bans (e.g. infant formula), product specifications, and exclusive use periods tied to brand names","Cross-references to several other Code provisions (Standard 1.5.2—4 for labelling; Standard 1.3.2 and S3—42 for soy leghemoglobin), requiring reading across instruments","Defined technical terms in S26—2 that were revised in recent amendments (redefinition of 'line' and 'transformation event'; repeal of 'conventional breeding')","Time-limited, source-and-brand-specific exclusivity clauses (15‑month exclusive use periods) introduce temporal logic and party‑specific constraints","Extensive amendment history (over two hundred amendments referenced), implying frequent, incremental changes and versions to track","Nested and item-specific exceptions (e.g. oils permitted from a line but not permitted in infant formula; some items require additional labelling statements)","Multiple naming conventions and event identifiers for the same commodity (many subitems per commodity), increasing matching and compliance complexity"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this instrument does, mechanically**\n\n- This Schedule (Schedule 26) is part of the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code. It lists specific genetically modified (GM) foods and the precise conditions under which those GM foods are permitted for sale and use in food (see S26—3). It also defines a small number of technical terms used in the Schedule (S26—2).\n\n- The Schedule is not a free-form permission to use gene technology in food. Instead it operates as a positive list: only the plant, animal (described as “lines”), microbial products and related preparations listed in the Schedule are authorised for food use under the referenced Code provisions. Entries are organised in two main tables: (a) GM foods of plant origin (S26—3(4)) and (b) GM foods/substances of microbial origin (S26—3(7)).\n\n- Each listed item can carry one or more conditions. Typical conditions include: mandatory labelling (a ‘genetically modified’ statement required under section 1.5.2—4), restrictions on use in infant formula (explicit bans on some oils as infant formula ingredients), specifications that the product meet other Code requirements (for example soy leghemoglobin must meet section S3—42 and may only be added to meat analogues under Standard 1.3.2), and source‑specific restrictions.\n\n- For many microbial‑derived substances used in infant formula (e.g. 2′‑fucosyllactose, lacto‑N‑neotetraose and other human milk oligosaccharides), the Schedule attaches a time‑limited market condition called an “exclusive use period.” During that period the permitted substance may only be sold under a named brand (the Schedule records the brand name and defines the exclusive use period as starting on gazettal and ending 15 months later).\n\n- The Schedule cross‑references other parts of the Code. Examples: labelling obligations refer to section 1.5.2—4; soy leghemoglobin must comply with S3—42 and is permitted as a nutritive substance in accordance with Standard 1.3.2.\n\n**Who this affects**\n\n- Food manufacturers and ingredient suppliers: they must check the Schedule before using a GM line, microbial source or preparation in a food. If an ingredient is listed, manufacturers must comply with any use restrictions, labelling and specifications.\n\n- Suppliers of microbial ingredients for infant formula: some approvals include a 15‑month branded “exclusive use” period—during that period only the named brand may be sold for the permitted use.\n\n- Importers, retailers and brand owners: they must ensure products on shelf comply with the Schedule’s conditions, including labelling and any use bans (for example oils that must not be used in infant formula).\n\n- Regulators and compliance officers: responsible for enforcing the Code and monitoring adherence to the conditions in the Schedule.\n\n**Why it matters (claimed purposes, and the practical mechanics and trade‑offs)**\n\n- The Schedule’s stated purpose is to identify which genetically modified foods are permitted and to state the conditions for their use (S26—3). Practically, this converts the abstract regulatory question (“is this GM food allowed?”) into a yes/no list tied to specific transformation events, lines and microbial sources.\n\n- Effects on private behaviour and markets: by permitting only listed lines/sources, the Schedule channels demand to approved GM lines and named microbial sources. Manufacturers who wish to use a GM trait must use an entry that exactly matches the event/line/source in the Schedule and meet any attached conditions (labelling, formulation limits, specifications). That creates compliance costs (testing, record‑keeping, labelling changes) and shapes product formulation choices.\n\n- Concentrated benefits and time‑limited exclusivity: the Schedule includes explicit branded exclusivity conditions for some microbial products used in infant formula. Those conditions give named suppliers a legally framed 15‑month window in which only their brand can be sold for that specific use. The mechanism is concrete (brand name + defined exclusive period) and confers a temporary commercial restriction on competitors in that use case.\n\n- Trade‑offs, opportunity costs and implementation risks:\n - Trade‑off: the Schedule provides regulatory certainty (manufacturers have a defined list of permitted items), but at the cost of prescriptive, item‑by‑item approvals (every new line or microbial source must be added by amendment). That increases administrative overhead for regulators and regulated parties.\n - Opportunity cost: the exclusive use periods allocate a transient monopoly position to specific suppliers; other producers cannot supply the same permitted source for the restricted use during that period.\n - Implementation risk: the Schedule is long and frequently amended (see Amendment History). That raises the risk of compliance errors if businesses or enforcement agencies rely on out‑of‑date compilations. Cross‑references to other standards (1.5.2—4, 1.3.2, S3—42) require users to consult multiple places in the Code.\n\n- Compliance burden and bureaucratic discretion:\n - Who pays: manufacturers and ingredient suppliers bear the direct costs of compliance—testing, label changes, documentation, and substituting ingredients when an allowed GM item is subject to use bans.\n - Who decides: Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) and the Code amendments determine which lines/sources are permitted and the conditions attached; Parliament (through the normal statutory processes) gives effect to Code changes. The Schedule itself sets precise, mostly rule‑based conditions rather than delegating wide discretionary powers to line agencies.\n\n- Substitution effects and market structure: because the Schedule is a closed list for permitted GM foods, manufacturers may substitute permitted GM ingredients for non‑GM alternatives or for different permitted GM events. The branded exclusive use periods create short windows where supply is concentrated in named brands, which may influence pricing and contract choices for infant formula manufacturers.\n\n**Key statutory citations (mechanical points)**\n- Definitions: S26—2 defines “line”, “soy leghemoglobin preparation” and “transformation event.”\n- Permitted list and conditions: S26—3(1)–(4) (plant lines) and S26—3(5)–(7) (general rules and the microbial table). \n- Labelling: several table items are explicitly subject to the labelling rule in section 1.5.2—4 (S26—3(2)).\n- Other cross references: use of soy leghemoglobin links to Standard 1.3.2 and specifications in S3—42 (S26—3(7) microbial table, soy leghemoglobin entry).\n\n**Notable concrete restrictions recorded in the Schedule**\n- Specific canola oils (DHA, EPA/DHA lines) are approved but the oil from those lines must not be used in infant formula products (S26—3(4) items 1(g) and 1(i), and S26—3(2) cross‑reference to labelling requirement).\n- Multiple microbial‑derived human milk oligosaccharides (2′‑fucosyllactose, lacto‑N‑neotetraose, 3′‑sialyllactose, 6′‑sialyllactose, 3‑fucosyllactose and others) are permitted only for addition to infant formula, and often with an explicit exclusive use period during which only a named brand may be sold for that use (S26—3(7) table entries and associated conditions).\n- Soy leghemoglobin preparation (a fermentation product from Pichia pastoris) is permitted only for use in meat analogue products as a nutritive substance and must meet specifications in S3—42 (S26—3(7) entry 3).\n\n**How the Schedule has been maintained**\n- The Amendment History shows extensive, incremental additions and corrections over many years. New GM lines, microbial sources and substance entries have been inserted by numbered amendments—each entry is added as a discrete amendment with a commencement date. The Schedule is therefore a living list that expands item by item (see Amendment History entries and the compilation notes)."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"_metrics":{"provider":"moonshot","completionTokens":3023},"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"Originally established in 2016 as a relatively straightforward list of agricultural GM commodities (canola, corn, cotton, soybean), the Schedule has expanded significantly beyond its original scope. It now encompasses highly specialised microbial fermentation products—including human milk oligosaccharides (2′-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-neotetraose) for infant formula and novel proteins (soy leghemoglobin) for meat analogues—along with niche crops like banana, tomato, and safflower. Recent amendments (No. 243) also shifted the legislative terminology from 'Food produced using gene technology' to 'Genetically modified food', refining the regulatory focus from broad technology-based classification to specific genetic modification categories. The amendment history shows continuous expansion through 247 amendments, transforming the Schedule from a simple agricultural permit list into a comprehensive registry spanning plant, microbial, and novel food technologies."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive tabular data with 100+ specific genetic line identifiers (e.g., 'MON87429', 'DP202216') requiring scientific nomenclature knowledge","Multiple cross-references to external standards (Standard 1.5.2, Standard 1.3.2, section S3-42) and New Zealand's Food Act 2014","Layered conditional logic: general permission → labelling obligations → specific use restrictions (e.g., infant formula prohibitions) → exclusive branding periods","Temporal limitations with defined 'exclusive use periods' calculated from gazettal dates for specific microbial ingredients","Technical biological definitions ('transformation event', 'line') involving concepts of genetic inheritance and conventional breeding","High regulatory volatility evidenced by 247 amendments across 36 compilations, creating a fragmented and frequently updated legislative text"],"plain_english_summary":"This Schedule is the official approved list of genetically modified foods that may be sold in Australia and New Zealand — naming specific GM plant lines (e.g. some canola and corn varieties) and microbial-derived ingredients (e.g. 2′-fucosyllactose, soy leghemoglobin). It determines legal market access, required labelling, any product- or brand-specific exclusivities, and ensures only safety‑assessed GM foods enter the supply chain, affecting food manufacturers, brand owners and consumers."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-schedule-26-genetically-modified-food","history":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-schedule-26-genetically-modified-food/history","analysis":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-schedule-26-genetically-modified-food/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-schedule-26-genetically-modified-food/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-schedule-26-genetically-modified-food/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/australia-new-zealand-food-standards-code-schedule-26-genetically-modified-food/documents"}}