{"id":"alpine-resorts-act-1983","name":"Alpine Resorts Act 1983","slug":"alpine-resorts-act-1983","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"vic","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":28685,"registerId":"vic-alpine-resorts-act-1983-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-01","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Alpine Resorts Act 1983","content":"Version No. 042\n\n**Alpine Resorts Act 1983**\n\n**No. 9974 of 1983**\n\nVersion incorporating amendments as at  \n6 April 2020\n\n**table of provisions**\n\n*Section Page*\n\nPart I—Introductory 1\n\n1 Short title, commencement and Parts 1\n\n2 Definitions 2\n\n3 Act to bind Crown 3\n\nPart IV—Declaration of alpine resorts 4\n\n19 Declaration of alpine resorts 4\n\n21 Alpine resorts deemed to be permanently reserved 4\n\n22 Falls Creek Alpine Resort—Construction of reference 5\n\n23 Roads not part of reservations 5\n\n24 Land deemed not to be part of municipal district 6\n\nSchedule 8\n\nEndnotes 9\n\n1 General information 9\n\n2 Table of Amendments 11\n\n3 Amendments Not in Operation 15\n\n4 Explanatory details 16\n\n**Version No.** **042**\n\n**Alpine Resorts Act 1983**\n\n**No. 9974 of 1983**\n\nVersion incorporating amendments as at  \n6 April 2020\n\nAn Act to make Provision for the Establishment of an Alpine Resorts Commission, to make Provision with respect to the Powers, Duties and Functions of that Commission and the Development, Management and Improvement of Alpine Resorts, to amend the **Forests Act 1958**, the **Local Government Act 1958**, to repeal the **Mount Hotham Alpine Resort Act 1972** and for other purposes.\n\n**BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly of Victoria in this present Parliament assembled and by the authority of the same as follows (that is to say):**\n\nPart I—Introductory\n\n\t1 Short title, commencement and Parts\n\n(1) This Act may be cited as the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983**.\n\n(2) The several provisions of this Act shall come into operation on a day or the respective days to be fixed by proclamation or successive proclamations of the Governor in Council published in the Government Gazette.\n\nS. 1(3) amended by No. 55/1986 s. 9(2), repealed by No. 74/2000 s. 3(Sch. 1 item 8).\n\n* * * * *\n\n\t2 Definitions\n\nIn this Act unless inconsistent with the context or subject-matter—\n\nS. 2 def. of *alpine resort* amended by No. 55/1986 s. 4.\n\n***alpine resort*** means any area of the State of Victoria declared to be an alpine resort under Part IV of this Act or added by this Act to an area declared to be an alpine resort;\n\nS. 2 def. of *Central Plan Office* inserted by No. 62/2016 s. 8, repealed by No. 53/2017  \ns. 68(1).\n\n* * * * *\n\nS. 2 defs of *chairman*, *chief executive officer*, *Commission*, *Council*, *member* repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 66.\n\n* * * * *\n\n***national park*** means national park within the meaning of the **National Parks Act 1975**;\n\nS. 2 def. of *prescribed* repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 66.\n\n* * * * *\n\n***public Authority*** means any body (whether corporate or unincorporate) constituted by or under an Act of Parliament for a public purpose;\n\nS. 2 def. of *regulation* repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 66.\n\n* * * * *\n\n\t3 Act to bind Crown\n\nThis Act shall bind the Crown and every public authority.\n\nPt 2  \n(Heading and ss 4–15) amended by Nos 10046  \ns. 33, 45/1987 s. 205(Sch. item 4), 50/1988  \ns. 93(2)(Sch. 2 Pt 2 item 3), 24/1992 s. 4, 31/1994  \ns. 4(Sch. 2 item 5), 42/1995  \ns. 224(Sch. 2 item 5), repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 69.\n\n* * * * *\n\nPt 3  \n(Heading and ss 16–18) repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 69.\n\n* * * * *\n\nPart IV—Declaration of alpine resorts\n\n\t19 Declaration of alpine resorts\n\n(1) The Governor in Council on the recommendation of the Minister may by Order published in the Government Gazette declare to be an alpine resort for the purposes of this Act any Crown lands (other than lands in a national park) at any of the places specified in the Schedule.\n\nS. 19(2) amended by Nos 41/1987 s. 103(Sch. 4 item 2.1). 62/2016 s. 9.\n\n(2) Every Order under subsection (1) shall describe the boundaries of the alpine resort by reference to a plan lodged in the Central Plan Office.\n\n(3) The area of an alpine resort shall not be diminished except by the express provisions of an Act of Parliament.\n\n(4) Any lands within the boundaries of an alpine resort that are not Crown lands shall for the purpose of any of the provisions of this Part or of Part VI be deemed to be part of the alpine resort and the occupiers of any such lands shall be liable to make contributions under Part VI in respect of those lands.\n\nS. 20  \nrepealed by No. 45/1987 s. 205(Sch. item 5).\n\n* * * * *\n\n\t21 Alpine resorts deemed to be permanently reserved\n\nS. 21(1) amended by Nos 55/1986 s. 5, 45/1987 s. 205(Sch. item 6), 89/1997 s. 67.\n\n(1) All Crown lands in alpine resorts shall be deemed to be Crown lands permanently reserved as alpine resorts under section 4(1)(v) of the **Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978**.\n\nS. 21(2) amended by No. 52/1994 s. 97(Sch. 3 item 3).\n\n(2) Any reservation proclamation or declaration affecting any land in any alpine resort for any other purpose than that referred to in subsection (1) whether under the said section 4 or pursuant to the provisions of any other Act or law but not including any declaration of a special water supply catchment area under the **Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994,** is hereby revoked.\n\nS. 22  \nrepealed by No. 45/1987 s. 205(Sch. item 5), new s. 22 inserted by No. 89/1997 s. 68, substituted by Nos 50/2000 s. 12, 17/2013 s. 4, 62/2016 s. 10, amended by No. 53/2017 s. 68(2).\n\n\t22 Falls Creek Alpine Resort—Construction of reference\n\nOn and from the commencement of section 10 of the **Alpine Resorts Legislation Amendment Act 2016**, in the Order in Council made under this Act on 16 April 1985 and published in the Government Gazette on 17 April 1985, a reference to 'the plan numbered ARA No. 2 and entitled \"Falls Creek Alpine Resort\" lodged in the Central Plan Office of the Division of Survey and Mapping, Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Melbourne on 25 March 1985' is to be construed as a reference to 'the plan lodged in the Central Plan Office, entitled \"Falls Creek Alpine Resort\" and numbered A.R.A. 2/3'.\n\nS. 23 amended by Nos 55/1986 s. 6(a)–(c), 9/1987 s. 9(Sch. 3 item 1.1), repealed by No. 45/1987 s. 205(Sch. item 5), new s. 23 inserted by No. 89/1997 s. 68.\n\n\t23 Roads not part of reservations\n\nOn the commencement of this section, section 21 ceases to apply to the land comprised in—\n\n(a) that part of the Great Alpine Road (Alpine Tourist Road) which is within the Mount Hotham Alpine Resort;\n\n(b) that part of the Mount Buller Tourist Road which is within the Mount Buller Alpine Resort;\n\n(c) that part of the Bogong High Plains Tourist Road which is within the Falls Creek Alpine Resort;\n\n(d) that part of the Lake Mountain Tourist Road which is within the Lake Mountain Alpine Resort—\n\nand the land becomes unalienated land of the Crown.\n\nS. 23A inserted by No. 9/1987 s. 9 (Sch. 3 item 1.2), repealed by No. 45/1987 s. 205(Sch. item 5).\n\n* * * * *\n\nS. 24  \ninserted by No. 89/1997 s. 68, amended by No. 9/2020 s. 390(Sch. 1 item 3).\n\n\t24 Land deemed not to be part of municipal district\n\nDespite the **Local Government Act 2020**, any land which is in an alpine resort is deemed not to be part of any municipal district within the meaning of the **Local Government Act 2020** and may not be added to a municipal district by an Order made under that Act.\n\nPt 4A (Heading and ss 22, 23) inserted by No. 24/1992 s. 5(1), repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 69.\n\n* * * * *\n\nPt 5  \n(Heading and ss 24–26) amended by Nos 41/1987  \ns. 116(6), 12/1989  \ns. 4(1)(Sch. 2 item 5.1), repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 69.\n\n* * * * *\n\nPt 6  \n(Heading and ss 27–31) amended by Nos 55/1986 ss 7, 8(a)(b), 45/1987  \ns. 205(Sch. item 5), 12/1989  \ns. 4(1)(Sch. 2 items 5.2–5.5), 79/1995 s. 31, 48/1996  \ns. 32(1)(2), 84/1996  \ns. 467(Sch. 6 item 2.1), repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 69.\n\n* * * * *\n\nPt 7  \n(Heading and ss 32–46) amended by Nos 55/1986  \ns. 9(1), 29/1988 s. 57(1), 94/1990  \ns. 40(1), 24/1992  \ns. 6(a)(b), 115/1993  \ns. 32(1), 31/1994  \ns. 3(Sch. 1 item 4), repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 69.\n\n* * * * *\n\nSs 9(a), 20(1), 24(6).\n\nSchedule\n\nSch. Pt A (Heading) inserted by No. 55/1986 s. 10(a).\n\nSch. Pt A amended by Nos 57/1995 s. 47, 62/2016 s. 11.\n\nPart A\n\nMount Hotham  \nFalls Creek  \nMount Buller  \nMount Stirling  \nMount Baw Baw  \nLake Mountain\n\nSch. Pts B, C inserted by No. 55/1986 s. 10(b), repealed by No. 89/1997  \ns. 69.\n\n* * * * *\n\n\n\nEndnotes\n\n1 General information\n\nSee [www.legislation.vic.gov.au](http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au) for Victorian Bills, Acts and current Versions of legislation and up-to-date legislative information.\n\nThe **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** was assented to on 29 November 1983 and came into operation as follows:\n\nSections 1–43, 44(2) on 28 March 1984: Government Gazette 28 March 1984 page 977; rest of Act on 17 April 1985: Government Gazette 17 April 1985 page 1101.\n\nINTERPRETATION OF LEGISLATION ACT 1984 (ILA)\n\nStyle changes\n\nSection 54A of the ILA authorises the making of the style changes set out in Schedule 1 to that Act.\n\nReferences to ILA s. 39B\n\nSidenotes which cite ILA s. 39B refer to section 39B of the ILA which provides that where an undivided section or clause of a Schedule is amended by the insertion of one or more subsections or subclauses, the original section or clause becomes subsection or subclause (1) and is amended by the insertion of the expression \"(1)\" at the beginning of the original section or clause.\n\nInterpretation\n\nAs from 1 January 2001, amendments to section 36 of the ILA have the following effects:\n\n• Headings\n\nAll headings included in an Act which is passed on or after 1 January 2001 form part of that Act. Any heading inserted in an Act which was passed before 1 January 2001, by an Act passed on or after 1 January 2001, forms part of that Act. This includes headings to Parts, Divisions or Subdivisions in a Schedule; sections; clauses; items; tables; columns; examples; diagrams; notes or forms. See section 36(1A)(2A).\n\n• Examples, diagrams or notes\n\nAll examples, diagrams or notes included in an Act which is passed on or after 1 January 2001 form part of that Act. Any examples, diagrams or notes inserted in an Act which was passed before 1 January 2001, by an Act passed on or after 1 January 2001, form part of that Act. See section 36(3A).\n\n• Punctuation\n\nAll punctuation included in an Act which is passed on or after 1 January 2001 forms part of that Act. Any punctuation inserted in an Act which was passed before 1 January 2001, by an Act passed on or after 1 January 2001, forms part of that Act. See section 36(3B).\n\n• Provision numbers\n\nAll provision numbers included in an Act form part of that Act, whether inserted in the Act before, on or after 1 January 2001. Provision numbers include section numbers, subsection numbers, paragraphs and subparagraphs. See section 36(3C).\n\n• Location of \"legislative items\"\n\nA \"legislative item\" is a penalty, an example or a note. As from 13 October 2004, a legislative item relating to a provision of an Act is taken to be at the foot of that provision even if it is preceded or followed by another legislative item that relates to that provision. For example, if a penalty at the foot of a provision is followed by a note, both of these legislative items will be regarded as being at the foot of that provision. See section 36B.\n\n• Other material\n\nAny explanatory memorandum, table of provisions, endnotes, index and other material printed after the Endnotes does not form part of an Act.  \nSee section 36(3)(3D)(3E).\n\n2 Table of Amendments\n\nThis publication incorporates amendments made to the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** by Acts and subordinate instruments.\n\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n\n**Public Service (Amendment) Act 1984, No. 10046/1984**\n\n| Assent Date: | 1.5.84 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 9 on 30.4.85; rest of Act on 20.6.84: Government Gazette 13.6.84 p. 1886 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Alpine Resorts (Amendment) Act 1986, No. 55/1986**\n\n| Assent Date: | 27.5.86 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 24.6.86: s. 2 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Planning Appeals (Amendment) Act 1987, No. 9/1987** (as amended by No. 85/1987)\n\n| Assent Date: | 28.4.87 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 1.8.87: Government Gazette 29.7.87 p. 1992 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Conservation, Forests and Lands Act 1987, No. 41/1987**\n\n| Assent Date: | 19.5.87 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | Ss 103(Sch. 4 item 2.1), 116(6) on 1.7.87: Government Gazette 24.6.87 p. 1694 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**Planning and Environment Act 1987, No. 45/1987**\n\n| Assent Date: | 27.5.87 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 205(Sch. items 4–6) on 16.2.88: Government Gazette 10.2.88 p. 218 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**State Bank Act 1988, No. 29/1988**\n\n| Assent Date: | 17.5.88 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 9.6.88: Government Gazette 8.6.88 p. 1582 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**State Superannuation Act 1988, No. 50/1988**\n\n| Assent Date: | 24.5.88 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 93(2)(Sch. 2 Pt 2 item 3) on 1.7.88: Government Gazette 1.6.88 p. 1487 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**Local Government (Consequential Provisions) Act 1989, No. 12/1989**\n\n| Assent Date: | 9.5.89 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 4(1)(Sch. 2 items 5.1–5.5) on 1.11.89: Government Gazette 1.11.89 p. 2798 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**State Bank (Succession of Commonwealth Bank) Act 1990, No. 94/1990**\n\n| Assent Date: | 18.12.90 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 40(1) on 1.1.91: Special Gazette (No. 73) 31.12.90 p. 1 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**Alpine Resorts (Amendment) Act 1992, No. 24/1992**\n\n| Assent Date: | 16.6.92 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 16.6.92 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Rural Finance (VEDC Abolition) Act 1993, No. 115/1993**\n\n| Assent Date: | 7.12.93 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 7.12.93 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Financial Management (Consequential Amendments) Act 1994, No. 31/1994**\n\n| Assent Date: | 31.5.94 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 3(Sch. 1 item 4) on 7.7.94: Government Gazette 7.7.94 p. 1878—see **Interpretation of Legislation Act 1984**; s. 4(Sch. 2 item 5) on 1.1.95: Government Gazette 28.7.94 p. 2055 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, No. 52/1994**\n\n| Assent Date: | 15.6.94 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 97(Sch. 3 item 3) on 15.12.94: s. 2(3) |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**Equal Opportunity Act 1995, No. 42/1995**\n\n| Assent Date: | 14.6.95 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 224(Sch. 2 item 5) on 5.10.95: Government Gazette 28.9.95 p. 2731 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**National Parks (Yarra Ranges and Other Amendments) Act 1995, No. 57/1995**\n\n| Assent Date: | 20.6.95 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 47 on 15.12.95: Government Gazette 14.12.95 p. 3488 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**Electricity Industry (Further Amendment) Act 1995, No. 79/1995**\n\n| Assent Date: | 28.11.95 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 31 on 28.11.95: Special Gazette (No. 116) 28.11.95 p. 1 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**Electricity Industry (Further Amendment) Act 1996, No. 48/1996**\n\n| Assent Date: | 26.11.96 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 26.11.96: s. 2 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Co-operatives Act 1996, No. 84/1996**\n\n| Assent Date: | 23.12.96 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 467(Sch. 6 item 2.1) on 1.10.97: Special Gazette (No. 122) 1.10.97 p. 1 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**Alpine Resorts (Management) Act 1997, No. 89/1997**\n\n| Assent Date: | 9.12.97 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 68 on 16.12.97: Special Gazette (No. 159) 16.12.97 p. 1; ss 66, 67, 69 on 30.4.98: Government Gazette 30.4.98 p. 926 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**National Parks (Amendment) Act 2000, No. 50/2000**\n\n| Assent Date: | 14.6.00 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 12 on 25.1.01: Government Gazette 25.1.01 p. 100 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts 1983** |\n\n\n**Statute Law Revision Act 2000, No. 74/2000**\n\n| Assent Date: | 21.11.00 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 3(Sch. 1 item 8) on 22.11.00: s. 2(1) |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts Act 1983** |\n\n\n**Alpine Resorts and National Parks Acts Amendment Act 2013, No. 17/2013**\n\n| Assent Date: | 23.4.13 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 4 on 1.8.13: Special Gazette (No. 277) 30.7.13 p. 1 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts 1983** |\n\n\n**Alpine Resorts Legislation Amendment Act 2016, No. 62/2016**\n\n| Assent Date: | 15.11.16 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | Ss 8–11 on 1.1.17: Special Gazette (No. 381) 13.12.16 p. 1 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts 1983** |\n\n\n**Parks and Crown Land Legislation Amendment Act 2017, No. 53/2017**\n\n| Assent Date: | 24.10.17 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 68 on 15.12.17: Special Gazette (No. 433) 12.12.17 p. 1 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts 1983** |\n\n\n**Local Government Act 2020, No. 9/2020**\n\n| Assent Date: | 24.3.20 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 390(Sch. 1 item 3) on 6.4.20: Special Gazette (No. 150) 24.3.20 p. 1 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Alpine Resorts 1983** |\n\n\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n\n3 Amendments Not in Operation\n\nThis version does not contain amendments that are not yet in operation.\n\n4 Explanatory details\n\nNo entries at date of publication.","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":6,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act’s present text and amendment history show that its operational scope has shifted since 1983. The original long title and early structure framed a comprehensive regime for creating an Alpine Resorts Commission and setting out powers, duties and management arrangements. Over time, many governance and operational Parts and sections were amended, relocated or repealed (notably by the Alpine Resorts (Management) Act 1997 and later amendment Acts listed in the Table of Amendments). The surviving provisions in this consolidated version are concentrated on land‑status and declaratory matters (declaring areas as alpine resorts, deeming Crown land permanently reserved, fixing boundaries, excluding resort land from municipal districts, and the treatment of certain roads). In short: the statute has been trimmed and its operational management content redistributed to later legislation, leaving this Act largely as the legal vehicle for declaration and land‑status rules (see s.19, s.21, s.24 and the Table of Amendments)."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple rounds of amendment and partial repeals listed in the Table of Amendments (1986–2020), producing fragmented provisions across other Acts","Significant cross‑references to other statutes (Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978; National Parks Act 1975; Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994; Local Government Act 2020) that affect core legal effects","Several Parts and sections repealed or relocated (Parts 2–3, 5–7 and many sections), increasing the need to consult amending Acts for governance and operational detail","Boundary specification depends on external plans lodged in the Central Plan Office (s.19(2); s.22), creating dependency on mapping records","Legal lock‑in: resort areas cannot be diminished except by Act of Parliament (s.19(3)), a high‑threshold, conditional rule","Special‑case provisions (s.22 Falls Creek construction; s.23 roads exclusion) and a Schedule listing named resorts introduce case‑by‑case complexity","Interaction with local government rules via a negative deeming (s.24) that overrides the Local Government Act 2020 for resort land"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this law does (mechanics first)\n\n- Declares and fixes which areas of Victorian Crown land are \"alpine resorts.\" The Governor in Council may make an Order naming Crown land areas as alpine resorts and must describe their boundaries by reference to a plan lodged in the Central Plan Office (s.19(1)–(2)).\n- Treats all Crown land inside an alpine resort as \"permanently reserved\" as alpine resort land (s.21(1)). Once declared, an alpine resort’s area cannot be reduced except by an Act of Parliament (s.19(3)).\n- Treats any private (non‑Crown) land that lies inside the mapped boundaries as if it were part of the alpine resort for the purposes of this Act and (by the text of s.19(4)) makes occupiers of such land liable to make contributions under Part VI (which sets out contribution arrangements or related obligations when operative).\n- Removes certain named roads within specific resorts from the reservation rules so those road lands become unalienated Crown land (s.23). The Act contains a special construction for the Falls Creek plan reference (s.22).\n- Declares that land inside an alpine resort is not part of any municipal district and may not be added to a municipal district by Order under the Local Government Act 2020 (s.24).\n\nWhat the Act says it is for (stated purpose)\n\n- The Act was originally drafted \"to make provision for the establishment of an Alpine Resorts Commission, to make provision with respect to the powers, duties and functions of that Commission and the development, management and improvement of alpine resorts\" (long title). Those governance and management functions, and other operational provisions, have been amended repeatedly since 1983 (see Table of Amendments).\n\nWho is affected, who makes the decisions, and who pays\n\n- Who decides: the Governor in Council (effectively the Executive) declares alpine resorts on the Minister’s recommendation (s.19(1)). Boundaries are fixed by reference to an official plan lodged in the Central Plan Office (s.19(2); s.22 for a Falls Creek clarification).\n- Who is affected: Crown land within declared alpine resorts; any privately‑held land that falls within the declared boundaries (because s.19(4) deems such land part of the resort for the Act’s purposes); local governments (because declared resort land is excluded from municipal districts under s.24); and users of roads named in s.23 where special status applies.\n- Who pays/carries direct financial burden: occupiers of non‑Crown land within resort boundaries are made liable to contribute under the Act (s.19(4) refers to contributions under Part VI). Other financial responsibilities (maintenance, development funding, levies, fees) depend on provisions moved or enacted by later amending Acts — readers should check the operative management statutes and any active Parts of this Act for the present mechanics of charging and collection.\n\nWhy it matters (practical effects and trade‑offs)\n\n- Land status and permanence: Declaring land \"permanently reserved\" (s.21(1)) and locking the area against diminution except by primary legislation (s.19(3)) places a high legal barrier against selling, reclassifying or shrinking resort land. That shifts long‑term control away from ordinary administrative processes and requires parliamentary action to change boundaries.\n- Local government and planning: Section 24 removes declared resort land from municipal district status, which changes which bodies have planning, rates or service responsibilities for that land. That produces a concentrated decision‑making and revenue/obligation shift away from local councils to state authorities (see s.24). The administrative arrangements for services, roads, and planning are therefore set outside normal municipal mechanisms.\n- Financial burden on occupiers: Owners or occupiers of private land inside resort boundaries become liable to make contributions under the Act (s.19(4)). That imposes a direct cost on those landholders; the detail of how much and how it is collected may be governed by provisions in this Act as amended or in later Acts that took over management functions.\n- Administrative scattering and implementation risk: The Act as printed shows many repeals and later amending Acts (Table of Amendments). Key governance and operational provisions referred to in the long title (Commission, powers, management) have been altered, moved or repealed in subsequent legislation. That means the legal mechanics for day‑to‑day management and funding are distributed across multiple statutes and amendments; anyone implementing or affected by the law needs to check the current management legislation, subordinate instruments and schedules cited in the Table of Amendments.\n\nCosts, incentives and likely behaviour changes (mechanisms, not opinions)\n\n- Owners of privately held parcels inside declared boundaries face new fiscal obligations (contributions) and constraints on land use because those parcels are treated as part of the resort (s.19(4)). That creates an incentive to challenge boundaries, seek compensatory arrangements, or apply for boundary changes (which require an Act of Parliament if diminution is sought — s.19(3)).\n- Excluding resort land from municipal districts (s.24) reduces scope for local councils to exercise rate or planning powers there and concentrates those decisions at the state level; that changes negotiation and lobbying incentives for local businesses and residents.\n- The Department/Minister and Governor in Council retain centralised control over declaration and boundary description (s.19). The requirement that boundaries be tied to lodged plans (s.19(2)) makes the legal effect depend on cadastral/mapping accuracy and record keeping, creating a concrete administrative dependency.\n\nImplementation and compliance burdens\n\n- The Act requires formal Orders and lodged plans to declare and define resorts (s.19(1)–(2)). Mapping and plan maintenance is therefore an operational task that government agencies must perform and keep current.\n- Multiple amendments and repeals (see Table of Amendments and Endnotes) mean that operational detail — for example, how contributions are calculated and collected — may lie in other Acts or in Parts of this Act that have been changed. That increases search and compliance costs for affected parties.\n\nWhere to look next for operational detail\n\n- The Act cross‑references several other Acts that affect how the land is treated in practice: Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978 (s.21), National Parks Act 1975 (definition), Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 (exceptions), and the Local Government Act 2020 (s.24 interaction). The Table of Amendments shows later specialised Acts (for example, the Alpine Resorts (Management) Act 1997 and the Alpine Resorts Legislation Amendment Act 2016) that have altered governance and operational arrangements. Anyone needing to act under the law should check those instruments and any active Parts of this Act for current operational rules.\n\nKey provisions cited: s.19 (declaration, boundaries, deeming private land and contributions), s.21 (permanent reservation), s.22 (Falls Creek plan construction), s.23 (roads exception), s.24 (exclusion from municipal districts), Schedule (list of named resorts)."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The original 1983 Act was comprehensive legislation that established an Alpine Resorts Commission with extensive powers for development, management, and improvement of resorts (as stated in the long title: \"to make Provision for the Establishment of an Alpine Resorts Commission, to make Provision with respect to the Powers, Duties and Functions of that Commission\"). However, the Alpine Resorts (Management) Act 1997 repealed almost all the operational provisions (Parts 2-7), transferring management functions to the Alpine Resorts Management Board under different legislation. What remains is essentially a skeletal framework for declaring resort boundaries and reserving land. The Act has shrunk from a full management statute to a boundary-defining and land-status mechanism."},"complexity_factors":["Extensive repeals: Parts 2, 3, 4A, 5, 6, and 7 have been completely repealed, leaving only the framework for declaring resorts and basic definitions","Numerous amendment notes: Almost every section contains editorial notes about amendments (e.g., \"S. 21(1) amended by Nos 55/1986 s. 5...\"), making the text cluttered and hard to follow","Cross-references to other Acts: References to Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978, National Parks Act 1975, Local Government Act 2020, and Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994","Historical baggage: Section 22 contains a very specific technical amendment about plan numbering for Falls Creek (ARA No. 2 vs A.R.A. 2/3), showing accumulated legislative patching","Fragmented structure: The Act originally had 7 Parts but now essentially operates as a shell with only Part I (Introductory) and Part IV (Declaration) remaining substantive"],"plain_english_summary":"This Act declares six specific areas—Mount Hotham, Falls Creek, Mount Buller, Mount Stirling, Mount Baw Baw and Lake Mountain—anointed as alpine resorts and permanently reserves them for ski and alpine recreation. It places these areas under state control rather than local council planning, preserves resort boundaries from administrative reduction, treats major tourist roads differently, and subjects operators, visitors and private landowners within the resorts to a special management and contribution framework."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/alpine-resorts-act-1983","history":"/api/acts/alpine-resorts-act-1983/history","analysis":"/api/acts/alpine-resorts-act-1983/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/alpine-resorts-act-1983/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/alpine-resorts-act-1983/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/alpine-resorts-act-1983/documents"}}