{"id":"F2006B07933","name":"Airworthiness Directives 2004 - Revocation and Remaking - North American Aviation T-28 Series Aeroplanes","slug":"airworthiness-directives-2004-revocation-and-remaking-north-american-aviation-t-28-series-aeroplanes","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":50989,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2006B07933-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Airworthiness Directives 2004 - Revocation and Remaking - North American Aviation T-28 Series Aeroplanes","content":"---\nmeta-content-style-type: text/css\nmeta-content-type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8\nmeta-generator: Aspose.Words for .NET 20.2\n---\n\n?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n\n Airworthiness Directives 2004\n\n I, DAVID ALAN VILLIERS, delegate of the Civil Aviation Safety\n\n Authority, acting under subregulation 39.001 (1) of the Civil\n\n Aviation Safety Regulations 1998:\n\n (a) revoke the Airworthiness Directives mentioned in\n\n Schedule 1; and\n\n (b) make, as separate instruments, each Airworthiness\n\n Directive mentioned in Schedule 1 and attached.\n\n \n\n ![](image.001.png)\n\n David Villiers\n\n Delegate of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority\n\n \n\n  20 December 2004\n\n Note:   Each attached Airworthiness Directive is being re-made in exactly the\n\n same form as appears in the latest published edition of the Directive.\n\n \n\n\n Schedule 1 Revocation and Remaking of\n\n Airworthiness Directives\n\n North American Aviation T-28 Series Aeroplanes\n\n AD Name AD Number\n\n Horizontal Tailplane AD/T-28/1\n\n \n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This instrument maintains identical scope to the original airworthiness directive. The note explicitly states each attached AD is being remade 'in exactly the same form as appears in the latest published edition.' There is no expansion of scope — this is purely a re-authorisation exercise to ensure proper legal form under current regulations."},"complexity_factors":["Extremely short instrument (under 300 words)","Only one substantive action: revoke and remake a single airworthiness directive","No defined terms section — relies entirely on external references (the attached AD)","No conditional logic or exceptions","Single cross-reference to subregulation 39.001(1) of the CASR 1998 (the enabling power)","Procedural nature — delegates all technical content to the attached schedule"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this legislation does:**\n\nThis instrument is an administrative housekeeping measure issued by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA). It **revokes and immediately remakes** a specific airworthiness directive (AD) for North American Aviation T-28 series aeroplanes (a military trainer aircraft, often used in civilian hands for warbird operations).\n\nThe directive being remade is **AD/T-28/1**, which concerns the **horizontal tailplane** (the rear wing that controls the aircraft's pitch).\n\n**Who it affects:**\n\n- **Owners and operators** of T-28 Trojan aircraft in Australia\n- **Maintenance organisations** working on these aircraft\n- **Pilots** flying these aircraft\n\n**Why it matters:**\n\nAirworthiness directives are **legally binding safety orders**. They require specific inspections, modifications, or maintenance actions to address unsafe conditions in aircraft. This instrument doesn't change the actual safety requirements — it simply **reissues the existing directive as a standalone legal instrument** rather than leaving it bundled in an older compilation.\n\nThis remaking ensures the directive remains legally enforceable under the current regulatory framework (Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998) and can be properly cited and enforced.\n\n**Key point:** The safety requirements themselves stay exactly the same. This is purely procedural — updating the legal \"packaging\" without changing the contents."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The instrument expressly states that each attached Airworthiness Directive is being re-made \"in exactly the same form as appears in the latest published edition of the Directive.\" (Note.) The operative text revokes the AD(s) listed in Schedule 1 and re-makes them as separate instruments; it does not change the substantive content of those AD(s). Therefore the substantive scope of the AD obligations is not changed by this instrument."},"complexity_factors":["Short procedural instrument with a single clear action: revocation and re-making of listed ADs (operative paragraph).","References external regulatory power (subregulation 39.001(1)) which requires checking another instrument for full context.","Relies on attached AD(s) for substantive requirements (Schedule 1 lists AD/T-28/1), so understanding full impact requires consulting those attachments.","Minor administrative effects (record-keeping, re-issuance) but no substantive policy change in this text (Note)."],"plain_english_summary":"### What this instrument does\n\nThis document records that the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA), through its delegate David Alan Villiers, has revoked certain Airworthiness Directives (ADs) listed in Schedule 1 and re-made each one as a separate legal instrument (see the operative paragraph: \"revoke... and make, as separate instruments, each Airworthiness Directive mentioned in Schedule 1 and attached\"). The action is taken under the legal power in subregulation 39.001(1) of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (cited in the instrument). The instrument is dated 20 December 2004.\n\n### Who it affects\n\n- The immediate, affected parties are the owners, operators and maintenance organisations responsible for the aircraft subject to the ADs listed in Schedule 1. Schedule 1 identifies the affected type as \"North American Aviation T-28 Series Aeroplanes\" and lists one AD by name and number: \"Horizontal Tailplane\" — AD/T-28/1.\n\n### Why it matters (official claim and practical implications)\n\n- The instrument's Note states that each attached AD is being re-made \"in exactly the same form as appears in the latest published edition of the Directive.\" That is the explicit purpose recorded in this text.\n\n- Mechanically, this instrument does not change the substantive content of the listed ADs (the Note says they are re-made in the same form). The effect is administrative: it revokes an earlier form of the AD(s) and issues each again as a separate, standalone instrument (see Schedule 1 and the operative paragraph).\n\n### Who pays and who decides\n\n- Who decides: a CASA delegate (David Alan Villiers) is exercising power under subregulation 39.001(1) to revoke and re-make the ADs.\n- Who pays: any direct compliance costs arise from the requirements contained in the re-made AD(s). This instrument itself does not alter those requirements according to the Note; therefore any costs for inspections, repairs, or paperwork derive from the content of AD/T-28/1 rather than from this administrative revocation/remaking step.\n\n### Incentives, trade-offs and implementation points (mechanical, source-grounded)\n\n- Incentives and behaviour: because the instrument preserves the ADs \"in exactly the same form,\" it does not change operators' substantive obligations; it therefore does not change economic incentives created by those ADs (Note).\n\n- Administrative trade-offs and opportunity costs: re-making ADs as separate instruments can create a clear legal record (the instrument expressly revokes and re-makes them), but it also requires administrative steps—updating registers, distributing the newly issued instruments, and ensuring maintenance records reference the correct instrument. Those administrative tasks are the concrete opportunity costs borne by CASA and by affected operators and maintainers when they update documentation.\n\n- Compliance burden and implementation risk: the instrument itself imposes no new technical requirements. Compliance burden and risk remain determined by the content of the re-made AD(s). The only implementation risk specific to this instrument is an administrative risk that operators or maintainers might fail to note the revocation/remaking and therefore mis-reference or mis-file the applicable AD—this is a paperwork/record-keeping risk tied to the action of revocation and re-issuance.\n\n- Bureaucratic discretion: the instrument invokes statutory authority (subregulation 39.001(1)) to carry out the revocation and re-issuance. The Note indicates no substantive change in form, which limits the delegate's substantive discretion in this instrument to an administrative re-issuance rather than altering AD content.\n\n### Bottom line (mechanical summary)\n\nThis instrument revokes listed Airworthiness Directives in Schedule 1 and re-issues each as a separate instrument in the same form as the latest published edition. It does not, on its face, change the substantive obligations in the listed AD(s); it primarily effects an administrative revocation and re-making under CASA's delegated power (subregulation 39.001(1))."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/airworthiness-directives-2004-revocation-and-remaking-north-american-aviation-t-28-series-aeroplanes","history":"/api/acts/airworthiness-directives-2004-revocation-and-remaking-north-american-aviation-t-28-series-aeroplanes/history","analysis":"/api/acts/airworthiness-directives-2004-revocation-and-remaking-north-american-aviation-t-28-series-aeroplanes/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/airworthiness-directives-2004-revocation-and-remaking-north-american-aviation-t-28-series-aeroplanes/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/airworthiness-directives-2004-revocation-and-remaking-north-american-aviation-t-28-series-aeroplanes/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/airworthiness-directives-2004-revocation-and-remaking-north-american-aviation-t-28-series-aeroplanes/documents"}}