{"id":"F2006B06630","name":"AD/ROBIN/31 - Airspeed Indicator","slug":"ad-robin-31-airspeed-indicator","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":48513,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2006B06630-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"AD/ROBIN/31 - Airspeed Indicator","content":"COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA (Civil Aviation Regulations 1998), PART 39 \\- 105 CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY AUTHORITY\n\nSCHEDULE OF AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES\n\n![](image.001.png)  \nRobin Aviation Series Aeroplanes\n\nAD/ROBIN/31 Airspeed Indicator 7/99\n\nApplicability: Model R2160 aeroplanes, all serial numbers and Model R2160D aeroplanes, with serial numbers up to and including 264.\n\nRequirement: 1. Carry out the following actions in accordance with Avions Robin Service Bulletin No 155 Revision 1 dated 26 November 1997:\n\n    Modify the airspeed indicator (ASI) markings in accordance with the following table:\n\n| Green Arc | 63 kt | (117 km/h) | - 127 kt | (236 km/h) |\n| --------- | ----- | ---------- | -------- | ---------- |\n| White Arc | 51 kt | (94 km/h)  | - 97 kt  | (180 km/h) |\n\n    b. Insure that the instrument static line is free of leaks by performing a pitot static leak check.\n\n2. Obtain the latest revision English language version of the French DGAC approved flight manual, insert the CASA approval pages and have it approved for the individual aircraft by the appropriate CASA District Office.\n\nNote 1: DGAC AD 1999-115(A) refers.\n\nNote 2: The DGAC approved flight manual Edition 1 at Revision 7 dated 22 September 1998 for all Robin 2160 aircraft up to and including S/No 264 has been approved by CASA and replaces all previous CASA approved Flight Manuals for Australian Robin 2160 aircraft, including the manual produced by the Australian Department of Transport and the FAA approved manual.\n\nCompliance: 1. Within 100 hours time in service from the effective date of this Directive or at the next maintenance release inspection, whichever occurs first.\n\n2. If not previously accomplished, then within 100 hours time in service from the effective date of this Directive or at the next maintenance release inspection, whichever occurs first.\n\nThis Airworthiness Directive becomes effective on 15 July 1999.\n\nBackground: The aircraft manufacturer has advised that the original stall speeds were incorrectly calculated. This Directive requires the application of the correct ASI marking and use of the latest approved flight manual.","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This Airworthiness Directive maintains its original narrow scope: correcting a specific technical error (incorrect stall speed calculations) for specific Robin aircraft models. There is no evidence of scope creep; it addresses exactly what the background states — fixing the ASI markings and flight manual to reflect correct stall speeds."},"complexity_factors":["Single, specific aircraft type and limited serial number range","Only 3 concrete requirements with clear technical references (Service Bulletin No 155, specific flight manual revision)","Simple compliance timeline (100 hours or next inspection)","No nested exceptions, conditional logic, or extensive cross-referencing to other legislation","Minimal defined terms (only standard aviation abbreviations: ASI, DGAC, CASA, kt)","Short document (approximately 250 words)"],"plain_english_summary":"This Airworthiness Directive for Robin R2160 and R2160D (serials ≤264) corrects erroneous stall-speed markings on the airspeed indicator and mandates relabelling, static line leak checks, and updating the flight manual to the current French-approved version. \n\nIt fixes a safety-critical error that could lead pilots to fly too slowly and unintentionally stall the aircraft. Effective 15 July 1999."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This directive stays within the original safety correction purpose: it corrects instrument markings and updates the approved flight manual after the manufacturer advised stall speeds were miscalculated. It does not broaden regulatory scope beyond those corrective actions (no new operational restrictions, no additional equipment mandates beyond marking and leak check, and no expansion to other aircraft types)."},"complexity_factors":["Short, single‑topic AD (airspeed indicator marking and flight manual update).","Clear applicability limited to two models and a serial number cut‑off (Model R2160 all serials; R2160D serials up to 264).","Two primary actions: (1) ASI marking modification and pitot‑static leak check, (2) obtain/insert/approve flight manual. Minimal branching.","References an external service bulletin (Avions Robin Service Bulletin No 155 Rev 1) and an external regulatory document (DGAC AD 1999‑115(A)), introducing a modest cross‑reference dependency.","Single compliance timing rule with a simple conditional ('within 100 hours time in service or at next maintenance release inspection, whichever occurs first').","Two short notes about DGAC references and CASA approval—no nested exceptions or multiple conditional paths."],"plain_english_summary":"**What this directive does (mechanically)**\n\n- Applies to Robin Aviation Model R2160 aeroplanes (all serial numbers) and Model R2160D aeroplanes with serial numbers up to and including 264. (Applicability)\n- Requires physical modification of the airspeed indicator (ASI) markings to set the green and white arcs to specific speeds, exactly as set out in Avions Robin Service Bulletin No 155 Revision 1 (Requirement 1(a)). The table in the directive specifies:\n  - Green arc: 63 kt (117 km/h) to 127 kt (236 km/h)\n  - White arc: 51 kt (94 km/h) to 97 kt (180 km/h)\n- Requires a pitot‑static leak check to ensure the instrument static line is free of leaks (Requirement 1(b)).\n- Requires the operator/owner to obtain the latest English‑language version of the French DGAC‑approved flight manual, insert CASA approval pages, and have that manual approved for each individual aircraft by the appropriate CASA District Office (Requirement 2).\n- Sets the compliance time: the ASI marking change and leak check must be done within 100 hours time in service from the effective date of the directive or at the next maintenance release inspection, whichever comes first. The flight manual approval requirement has the same compliance timing if not already done. (Compliance)\n\n**Who is affected**\n\n- Owners and operators of Robin R2160 and affected R2160D aeroplanes.\n- Maintenance organisations and certificated mechanics who must carry out the ASI marking modification and the pitot‑static leak check in accordance with the referenced Robin service bulletin.\n- CASA District Offices, which are required to approve the updated flight manual for each aircraft.\n\n**Why it matters (stated purpose and practical effect)**\n\n- The stated reason (Background) is that the aircraft manufacturer advised the original stall speeds were incorrectly calculated. The directive’s explicit purpose is to correct the ASI markings to reflect the corrected speed ranges and to ensure the flight manual in use is the latest DGAC‑approved edition.\n\n**Who pays and who decides**\n\n- Aircraft owners/operators bear the direct costs: labour and any small parts to change ASI markings, the pitot‑static leak check, and administrative effort to obtain and lodge the approved flight manual with CASA. Maintenance organisations charge for performing the work under normal maintenance billing arrangements.\n- CASA District Office staff decide whether to accept and approve the updated flight manual for each aircraft (Requirement 2).\n\n**Implementation details, trade‑offs and practical considerations**\n\n- Implementation is procedural and technical: the ASI marking change must follow Avions Robin Service Bulletin No 155 Revision 1, and the leak check must meet pitot‑static inspection standards (Requirement 1). That limits discretion in how the work is done but requires access to the specific service bulletin.\n- Costs are primarily modest and concentrated on the affected aircraft owners/operators and their maintenance providers (labour and administrative time). There is no explicit requirement to replace instruments—only to change markings and check for leaks—so parts costs are likely low unless the leak check reveals repair needs.\n- The requirement to use the DGAC‑approved flight manual and have CASA insert approval pages imposes an administrative step per aircraft. This creates a small per‑aircraft compliance transaction cost (obtaining, inserting approval pages, and obtaining CASA approval).\n- Opportunity cost: aircraft scheduled for maintenance must allocate time to perform these actions within the specified 100‑hour window, which could displace other maintenance tasks if scheduled tightly.\n- Compliance risk and enforcement: CASA enforces airworthiness directives; failure to comply creates regulatory exposure for operators. The directive reduces operational uncertainty by standardising ASI markings and the flight manual in use.\n- Effects on markets and private choice: the directive affects only the owners/operators of the specified Robin models and does not alter market competition, ownership rights, or contract freedom beyond imposing a regulatory maintenance and documentation requirement. It may increase short‑term demand for approved maintenance labour and for the approved flight manual documents.\n\n**What the directive references**\n\n- Avions Robin Service Bulletin No 155 Revision 1 dated 26 November 1997 (for the ASI marking procedure).\n- The French DGAC airworthiness directive (DGAC AD 1999‑115(A)) and the DGAC‑approved flight manual (Edition 1, Revision 7 dated 22 September 1998), which CASA has approved for Australian Robin 2160 aircraft up to and including S/No 264 (Notes 1 and 2).\n\n**Net effect**\n\n- The directive requires a specific, time‑limited technical amendment (ASI markings and leak check) and an administrative documentation update (approved flight manual) to align the aircraft’s instruments and manuals with corrected stall speeds and the manufacturer/DGAC documentation."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"A positive credit balance is required for all requests, including BYOK, so fallback providers remain available. Add credits at https://vercel.com/d?to=%2F%5Bteam%5D%2F%7E%2Fai%3Fmodal%3Dtop-up to continue.","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/ad-robin-31-airspeed-indicator","history":"/api/acts/ad-robin-31-airspeed-indicator/history","analysis":"/api/acts/ad-robin-31-airspeed-indicator/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/ad-robin-31-airspeed-indicator/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/ad-robin-31-airspeed-indicator/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/ad-robin-31-airspeed-indicator/documents"}}