{"id":"F2008L02601","name":"AD/RAD/85 Amdt 1 - Sandel ST3400 Terrain Awareness Warning System/Radio Magnetic Indicator","slug":"ad-rad-85-amdt-1-sandel-st3400-terrain-awareness-warning-system-radio-magnetic-indicator","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":74613,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2008L02601-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"Radio Communication and Navigation Equip","sectionType":"division","heading":"Radio Communication and Navigation Equipment","content":"### Radio Communication and Navigation Equipment\n\n| AD/RAD/85 Amdt 1 | Sandel ST3400 Terrain Awareness Warning System/Radio Magnetic Indicator | 8/2008 |\n| ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------ |\n\n```html\n

Applicability:

Sandel Avionics Incorporated (Sandel) Model ST3400 terrain awareness warning system/radio magnetic indicator (TAWS/RMI) units approved under United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Standard Order(s) (TSO) C113, C151a or C151b, as identified in Sandel ST3400 Service Bulletin SB3400-01, Revision B, dated 15 September 2004.

Note 1: ST3400 TAWS/RMI units are known to be as installed on, but not limited, to the aeroplane models listed below.

Manufacturer

Aeroplane Model

Airbus
Avions Marcel Dassault - Breguet Aviation (AMD/BA)
Boeing
Bombardier (Learjet)
British Aerospace (Operations) Limited
Cessna

Embraer
Dassault-Aviation
Gulfstream
Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI)
M7 Aerospace (Fairchild)
McDonnell Douglas
Piper
Raytheon




Saberliner
Twin Commander
Viking Air Ltd (de Havilland)

A300
Falcon 10

727, 737, 747
24, 35, 36, 55
Jetstream 3101

208, 208B, 421C; 501, 525, 550, 560, 650, S550
EMB-120
Mystere Falcon 50 and 200
G-I, G-1159A (G-III)
1124, 1125 Westwind Astra
SA-226, SA-227
DC-10
PA-31T2
58, 1900D, 400, A36, BAe 125 Series 800A, HS 125 Series 600A/700A, Hawker 800-XP, 200, 300, 350, A200, B100, B200, B300, C90, C90A, C90B, E90, F90, MU-300-10
60 (NA-265-60)
500-A, 695A
DHC-6

\n```\n\n| Requirement: | 1. If not previously accomplished in accordance with the original issue of this Directive, install a placard on the TAWS/RMI which states \"NOT FOR PRIMARY VOR NAVIGATION\" in accordance with Sandel ST3400SB3400-01, Revision B. |\n| ------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| | 2. If not previously accomplished in accordance with the original issue of this Directive, revise the Limitations section of the applicable Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) to include the statement \"Use of ST3400 TAWS/RMI for primary VOR navigation is prohibited unless the indicator has 3.07 or A3.06 software or later.\"This may be accomplished by inserting a copy of this Directive into the AFM. |\n| | 3. If not previously accomplished in accordance with the original issue of this Directive, field-load the TAWS/RMI with updated software having revision 3.07 (for units having serial numbers (S/N) under 2000) or revision A3.06 (for units having S/Ns 2000 and subsequent) in accordance with Sandel ST3400 Service Bulletin SB3400-01, Revision B. |\n| | Revisions of software later than revision 3.07 or A3.06, as applicable, are considered acceptable for compliance with this Requirement. |\n| | The placard and AFM limitations revision installed as required by Requirements 1 and 2 of this Directive may be removed after the software upgrade has been accomplished. |\n| | 4. ST3400 TAWS/RMI units, unless it has been modified in accordance with Sandel ST3400 Service Bulletin SB3400-01, Revision B, may not be installed on any aeroplane either as an initial installation or a replacement spare. |\n| | Later revisions of the above SB, approved by the FAA as an Alternate Method of Compliance (AMOC) to FAA AD 2006-16-18, are considered acceptable for compliance with the equivalent Requirements of this Directive. |\n| | Note 2: FAA AD 2006-16-18 R1 Amdt 39-15557 refers. |\n| Compliance: | For Requirements 1 and 2 - Within 14 days after the effective date of this Amendment. |\n| | For Requirement 3 - Within 90 days after the effective date of this Amendment. |\n| | For Requirement 4 - Remains unchanged as ‘As of 25 December 2006 (the effective date of the original issue of this Directive)’. |\n| | This Amendment becomes effective on 31 July 2008. |\n\n| Background: | The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has received a report that an in-flight bearing error occurred in a Model ST3400 TAWS/RMI unit configured to receive bearing information from a very high frequency omnidirectional range (VOR) receiver interface via a composite video signal. Investigation determined that the error was due to a combination of input signal fault and software error. |\n| ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| | The original issue of this Directive was issued to prevent a bearing error, which could lead to an aeroplane departing from its scheduled flight path, which could in turn result in a reduction in separation from, and a possible collision with, other aircraft or terrain. |\n| | This Amendment continues the requirements of the original issue of this Directive but allows later revisions of software to be installed. |\n| | The original issue of this Directive became effective on 25 September 2006. |\n\n![](image.001.png) \nJames Coyne \nDelegate of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority\n\n20 June 2008","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"AD/RAD/85 Amdt 1","sectionType":"part","heading":"AD/RAD/85 Amdt 1","content":"## AD/RAD/85 Amdt 1","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"Sandel ST3400 Terrain Awareness Warning ","sectionType":"part","heading":"Sandel ST3400 Terrain Awareness Warning System/Radio Magnetic Indicator","content":"## Sandel ST3400 Terrain Awareness Warning System/Radio Magnetic Indicator","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"8/2008","sectionType":"part","heading":"8/2008","content":"## 8/2008","sortOrder":3}],"analysis":{"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"This Amendment retains the original Directive's requirements but explicitly permits later software revisions to satisfy compliance and accepts later FAA‑approved Service Bulletin revisions as alternate methods of compliance. It does not expand the classes of equipment affected but relaxes the software‑version constraint by allowing subsequent approved revisions (see: \"This Amendment continues the requirements of the original issue of this Directive but allows later revisions of software to be installed\")."},"complexity_factors":["Technical specificity: requires particular software revisions tied to unit serial number ranges (3.07 for S/N <2000; A3.06 for S/N ≥2000).","Multiple compliance timings: short timeline for placard/AFM change (14 days) and longer for software field‑load (90 days).","Installation prohibition: unmodified units barred from initial or replacement installation, affecting spares and maintenance logistics.","Interplay with external approvals: accepts later software revisions and FAA‑approved Service Bulletin revisions as acceptable compliance (references to FAA AD and SB).","Conditional reversibility: placard and AFM revision may be removed after software upgrade, creating transient compliance states to manage.","Broad applicability across many aircraft manufacturers/models requires fleet identification and scheduling of upgrades."],"plain_english_summary":"Requires operators of aircraft fitted with Sandel ST3400 TAWS/RMI units to affix a “NOT FOR PRIMARY VOR NAVIGATION” placard, amend the Aircraft Flight Manual limitation, and field‑load specified software revisions (3.07 for S/N under 2000; A3.06 for S/N 2000 and later) or later. Unmodified units may not be installed. The measure responds to a reported in‑flight bearing error from VOR composite‑video input that could cause navigation deviation and reduced separation with other aircraft or terrain."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":4,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This amendment maintains the original safety purpose of the 2006 directive. The only change is expanding permitted software revisions to allow versions later than 3.07/A3.06, providing operational flexibility without altering the fundamental safety scope."},"complexity_factors":["Multiple conditional requirements with different compliance timeframes (14 days vs 90 days vs ongoing prohibition)","Serial number-dependent software requirements (different versions for S/N under 2000 vs 2000+)","Cross-reference to US FAA Airworthiness Directive (AD 2006-16-18) and Technical Standard Orders","Interdependent requirements (placard/manual changes can be removed after software upgrade)","Specific reference to external technical documents (Sandel Service Bulletin SB3400-01 Rev B)","Applicability determination requires checking against extensive aircraft model list spanning multiple manufacturers"],"plain_english_summary":"This CASA Airworthiness Directive mandates safety actions for aircraft fitted with Sandel ST3400 TAWS/RMI units after a software bug can cause incorrect VOR bearings, risking navigation errors. Operators must placard the unit and amend flight manuals within 14 days, and install approved software (updated versions now allowed) within 90 days; unmodified units cannot be newly installed (ban since Dec 2006). The amendment expands acceptable software versions while preserving safety."},"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/ad-rad-85-amdt-1-sandel-st3400-terrain-awareness-warning-system-radio-magnetic-indicator","history":"/api/acts/ad-rad-85-amdt-1-sandel-st3400-terrain-awareness-warning-system-radio-magnetic-indicator/history","analysis":"/api/acts/ad-rad-85-amdt-1-sandel-st3400-terrain-awareness-warning-system-radio-magnetic-indicator/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/ad-rad-85-amdt-1-sandel-st3400-terrain-awareness-warning-system-radio-magnetic-indicator/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/ad-rad-85-amdt-1-sandel-st3400-terrain-awareness-warning-system-radio-magnetic-indicator/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/ad-rad-85-amdt-1-sandel-st3400-terrain-awareness-warning-system-radio-magnetic-indicator/documents"}}