{"id":"F2006B09436","name":"AD/ELECT/61 - Nordskog Water Heaters and Coffee Makers","slug":"ad-elect-61-nordskog-water-heaters-and-coffee-makers","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":53852,"registerId":"commonwealth-F2006B09436-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-02","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"AD/ELECT/61 - Nordskog Water Heaters and Coffee Makers","content":"COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA (Civil Aviation Regulations 1998), PART 39 \\- 107 CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY AUTHORITY\n\nSCHEDULE OF AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES\n\n![](image.001.png)  \nElectrical Equipment\n\nAD/ELECT/61 Nordskog Water Heaters and Coffee Makers 2/94 DM\n\nApplicability: Nordskog water heaters and coffee makers identified in Nordskog Industries Inc Service Bulletin SB-93-34 dated 21 October 1993; as installed in, but not limited to, the following aircraft series:\n\nBoeing Model 727, 737, 747, 757 and 767;\n\nMcDonnell Douglas Model DC-9, DC-9-80, DC-10 and MD-11; Airbus Industrie Model A300, A310 and A320;\n\nGulfstream Model G-1159 and G-IV; de Havilland Model DHC-8;\n\nDassault-Aviation Mystere-Falcon Model 50 and 900;\n\nCanadair Model CL-600-1A11, CL-600-2A12, CL-600-2B16 & CL-600-2B19;\n\nand\n\nFokker Model F27 and F28.\n\nRequirement: 1\\. Inspect the water heater or coffee maker, in accordance with Nordskog Industries Service Bulletin SB-93-34, to determine if a NUPRO pressure relief valve having part number SS-2C4-65 has been installed.\n\n    2. If a NUPRO pressure relief valve part number SS-2C4-65 has been installed, then either:\n\n    replace the pressure relief valve with a new, improved NUPRO pressure relief valve part number SS-CHF2-65, or\n\n    b. deactivate the water heater or coffee maker and install a placard stating \\`Not to be used”.\n\n    3. NUPRO pressure relief valve part number SS-2C4-65 held as spares are not to be fitted to water heaters or coffee makers identified in Nordskog Industries Inc Service Bulletin SB-93-34 dated 21 October 1993 and these water heaters or coffee makers are not to be fitted to aircraft as replacement items, if a NUPRO pressure relief valve part number SS-2C4-65 is installed.\n\nNote: FAA AD 93-23-01 Amdt 39-8735 refers.\n\nCompliance: 1 \\- Prior to 7 January 1994.\n\n    2 \\- Prior to further flight.\n\n    3 \\- With effect 8 December 1993.\n\nCOMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA (Civil Aviation Regulations 1998), PART 39 \\- 107 CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY AUTHORITY\n\nSCHEDULE OF AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES\n\nBackground: The FAA recently received reports of injuries to cabin crew members that resulted from explosions of galley water heaters. One report stemmed from an incident in which a water heater exploded in the galley, tore a hole through the the galley wall and landed in the cockpit, injuring two flight attendants and the co-pilot, and at the same time cutting several electrical cables. Investigation has revealed that the \\`O” ring jammed the poppet of the pressure relief valve, resulting in over-pressurisation. Compliance with this Directive will decrease the likelihood of galley water heaters and coffee makers exploding, causing injuries to passengers and crew and structural damage to the aircraft.","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":5,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"The directive’s scope, as stated, targets Nordskog water heaters and coffee makers identified in Nordskog Service Bulletin SB-93-34 and installed in the listed aircraft types, and requires inspection, replacement or deactivation and a ban on specific spare valves (Requirement 1–3; Applicability; Compliance). The text shows no indication the scope was broadened or narrowed relative to its stated applicability in the instrument itself."},"complexity_factors":["Technical identification and part control: compliance requires positive identification of small parts by part number (Requirement 1; Nordskog SB-93-34).","Operational scope: affects many aircraft models across multiple manufacturers (Applicability), increasing administrative reach for operators, lessees and MROs.","Remedial options and operational impact: if the unsafe valve is found, operators must either replace it with a specified improved part or deactivate the galley unit and placard it, creating a trade-off between repair cost and lost galley function (Requirement 2).","Spare-parts prohibition: existing spares of the unsafe valve are banned from use or fitting with an effective date (Requirement 3; Compliance with effect 8 December 1993), which may create supply or grounding risks if replacements are scarce.","Compliance timing: staggered deadlines (inspect prior to 7 January 1994; replacement or deactivation prior to further flight; spare ban effective 8 December 1993) require immediate action and scheduling (Compliance: 1–3).","Normative reference: inspections must follow Nordskog Industries Service Bulletin SB-93-34, so operators depend on a manufacturer document for the required inspection procedure (Requirement 1).","Who pays and incentives: aircraft operators/MROs bear inspection, replacement or deactivation costs and potential operational losses from disabled equipment (Requirement 1–3; Compliance dates).","Enforcement and discretion: the Directive prescribes mandatory actions and deadlines with little operational discretion beyond choosing replacement versus deactivation, leaving limited room for alternative risk mitigation (Requirement 2).","Safety rationale and liability context: Background cites incidents of explosions and injuries, supplying the safety justification that operators must weigh against compliance costs (Background)."],"plain_english_summary":"This airworthiness directive requires inspection of certain Nordskog galley water heaters and coffee makers for a specific NUPRO pressure relief valve (part SS-2C4-65). If that valve is fitted, operators must either replace it with an improved valve (SS-CHF2-65) or deactivate the unit and placard it “Not to be used.” It applies to listed aircraft types and matters because the defective valve can jam, cause over‑pressurisation and lead to explosions, so it imposes short compliance deadlines."},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This Airworthiness Directive maintains its original narrow scope — addressing a specific safety defect in specific galley equipment on specific aircraft types. There is no evidence of scope creep; it remains tightly focused on the Nordskog pressure relief valve defect identified in the originating FAA reports."},"complexity_factors":["Single, specific technical subject matter (one brand of galley appliance)","Only 3 main requirements with clear sequential logic (inspect → fix if found → don't use bad spares)","Minimal cross-referencing (only one external reference to FAA AD 93-23-01)","Straightforward applicability list (specific aircraft models by name)","No nested exceptions or conditional sub-clauses","Clear, fixed compliance dates rather than complex triggering conditions"],"plain_english_summary":"Australia's CASA issues a mandatory airworthiness directive requiring operators to inspect Nordskog water heaters and coffee makers for a defective pressure-relief valve (SS-2C4-65) that can jam and explode. Affected commercial operators must replace the valve with an improved part or permanently disable and label the unit, and may not install the faulty valve or affected appliances from spares. The rule addresses crew injury and aircraft damage risks."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/ad-elect-61-nordskog-water-heaters-and-coffee-makers","history":"/api/acts/ad-elect-61-nordskog-water-heaters-and-coffee-makers/history","analysis":"/api/acts/ad-elect-61-nordskog-water-heaters-and-coffee-makers/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/ad-elect-61-nordskog-water-heaters-and-coffee-makers/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/ad-elect-61-nordskog-water-heaters-and-coffee-makers/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/ad-elect-61-nordskog-water-heaters-and-coffee-makers/documents"}}