{"id":"aboriginal-lands-act-1970","name":"Aboriginal Lands Act 1970","slug":"aboriginal-lands-act-1970","collection":"act","jurisdiction":"vic","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":28660,"registerId":"vic-aboriginal-lands-act-1970-current","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-01","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"4","sectionType":"section","heading":"Register to be exhibited","content":"\t4 Register to be exhibited\n\nThe Minister shall cause a copy of each such register certified by the Minister to be a true copy thereof to be exhibited at the reserve concerned for a period of two months, together with a notice calling upon interested persons having objections to the register to notify their objections to the Minister in writing before a specified date, being not less than three months after the date on which the register and notice are first exhibited.\n\n","sortOrder":0},{"sectionNumber":"5","sectionType":"section","heading":"Minister to consider objections and revise register","content":"\t5 Minister to consider objections and revise register\n\nS. 5(1) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 30(2).\n\n(1) After the register has been exhibited in accordance with section 4, the Minister shall consider any objections notified to the Minister, and revise the register by making such alterations (if any) as the Minister thinks fit.\n\n(2) Any decision made by the Minister in revising the register or considering an objection shall be final and without appeal.\n\nS. 6 amended by No. 29/2024 s. 30(3).\n\n","sortOrder":1},{"sectionNumber":"6","sectionType":"section","heading":"Publication of revised register","content":"\t6 Publication of revised register\n\nThe Minister shall cause a copy of each register showing any alterations made upon any revision made under section 5 and certified by the Minister to be a true copy of the register to be presented to the Governor in Council and published in the Government Gazette.\n\n","sortOrder":2},{"sectionNumber":"7","sectionType":"section","heading":"Day to be fixed","content":"\t7 Day to be fixed\n\nThe Governor in Council may, after receiving a certified copy of each register, by Order published in the Government Gazette fix a day (hereinafter called ***the appointed day***) for the purposes of this Act.\n\n","sortOrder":3},{"sectionNumber":"8","sectionType":"section","heading":"Trusts to be constituted and reservations of reserves revoked","content":"\t8 Trusts to be constituted and reservations of reserves revoked\n\nOn the appointed day, without any further or other authority than this Act—\n\n(a) the persons whose names appear on the register published in relation to the Framlingham reserve and who are still living shall together constitute a body corporate to be known as the Framlingham Aboriginal Trust, and the persons whose names appear on the register published in relation to the Lake Tyers reserve and who are still living shall together constitute a body corporate to be known as the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust; and\n\n(b) any reservation of the Framlingham reserve or the Lake Tyers reserve made under any Act relating to Crown lands shall be revoked.\n\n","sortOrder":4},{"sectionNumber":"9","sectionType":"section","heading":"Governor in Council to make Crown grants of reserves to Trusts","content":"\t9 Governor in Council to make Crown grants of reserves to Trusts\n\n(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the **Land Act 1958** but subject to this Act, the Governor in Council shall as soon as may be after the appointed day issue a Crown grant of the lands constituting the Framlingham reserve to the Framlingham Aboriginal Trust, and a Crown grant of the lands constituting the Lake Tyers reserve to the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust.\n\n(2) Any such grant may adjust the boundaries of a reserve as shown in the First or Second Schedule in any respect in order to overcome any defect found on survey.\n\n(3) Any such grant may be made subject to such covenants conditions reservations exceptions and restrictions as the Governor in Council thinks fit.\n\n(4) Without affecting the generality of subsection (3), there may be excepted from any grant made under this section—\n\n(a) in the case of the Framlingham reserve—any portion of the reserve which at the time of the grant lies within a distance of not more than two hundred links from the Hopkins River; and\n\n(b) in the case of the Lake Tyers reserve—any portion of the reserve which at the time of the grant lies within a distance of not more than two hundred links from the high water mark of Lake Tyers.\n\n(5) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Act but subject to this Act—\n\n(a) the Framlingham Aboriginal Trust shall be entitled to be granted by the Governor in Council without fee a perpetual licence to occupy and use so much of the Framlingham reserve as is excepted pursuant to subsection (4) from any grant made in respect of the reserve; and\n\n(b) the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust shall be entitled to be granted by the Governor in Council without fee a perpetual licence to occupy and use so much of the Lake Tyers reserve as is excepted pursuant to subsection (4) from any grant made in respect of the reserve.\n\nS. 9(6) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 5.\n\n(6) A licence granted to a Trust under subsection (5) may be revoked by the Governor in Council if the Governor in Council thinks fit, but only in accordance with the following provisions—\n\n(a) the licence may be revoked as to the whole or any part of the land comprised therein at the request of the Trust;\n\n(b) the licence may be revoked as to the whole or any part of the land comprised therein if at any time the Trust holds an estate in fee simple in less than—\n\n(i) in the case of the Framlingham reserve—two hundred acres; or\n\n(ii) in the case of the Lake Tyers reserve—on thousand five hundred acres—\n\nof the land granted to the Trust under this section; and\n\n(c) the licence may be revoked as to any part of the land comprised therein if the Trust ceases to hold an estate in fee simple in the land abutting upon that part.\n\n(7) No person other than the Trust, a member of the Trust or any person authorized by the Trust shall be entitled to enter upon any land in respect of which a licence granted under this section is in force.\n\nNature and Powers of Trusts\n\n","sortOrder":5},{"sectionNumber":"10","sectionType":"section","heading":"Nature of Trusts","content":"\t10 Nature of Trusts\n\nA Trust shall have perpetual succession and a common seal, and shall by the name assigned to it by this Act be capable in law of suing and being sued, of purchasing taking holding selling leasing taking on lease exchanging and disposing of real and personal property, and of doing and suffering all such other things as corporations are by law capable of doing and suffering.\n\n","sortOrder":6},{"sectionNumber":"11","sectionType":"section","heading":"Powers of Trusts","content":"\t11 Powers of Trusts\n\n(1) A Trust may subject to this Act—\n\n(a) manage maintain improve and develop any land held by the Trust;\n\nS. 11(1)(b) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 20(1).\n\n(b) carry on any business, including on any land held by the Trust;\n\nS. 11(1)(ba) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 20(2).\n\n(ba) establish, acquire, operate or manage a related entity being either—\n\n(i) an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander corporation within the meaning of the Corporations (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) Act 2006 of the Commonwealth; or\n\n(ii) a company within the meaning of the Corporations Act;\n\n(c) purchase take hold sell lease take on lease exchange or dispose of any real or personal property (other than securities falling outside paragraph (e));\n\nS. 11(1)(d) amended by No. 11/2001 s. 3(Sch. item 1(a)).\n\n(d) borrow money on the security of a mortgage charge or other assurance of any real or personal property of the Trust, or on overdraft of current account at any authorised deposit-taking institution within the meaning of the Banking Act 1959 of the Commonwealth;\n\nS. 11(1)(e) substituted by No. 104/1995  \ns. 6(Sch. 1 item 1).\n\n(e) invest money in any manner in which money may be invested under the **Trustee Act 1958**;\n\nS. 11(1)(f) substituted by No. 11/2001 s. 3(Sch. item 1(b)).\n\n(f) have accounts with any authorised deposit-taking institution within the meaning of the Banking Act 1959 of the Commonwealth;\n\nS. 11(1)(g) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 6(1).\n\n(g) appoint and employ officers and employees;\n\nS. 11(1)(h) amended by No. 21/2014 s. 3(Sch. 1 item 1).\n\n(h) distribute amongst its members in the form of dividends any moneys of the Trust available for distribution in accordance with this Act;\n\nS. 11(1)(ha) inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 6(2), repealed by No. 29/2024 s. 14.\n\n* * * * *\n\n(i) do all such other things as are properly incidental to the exercise of any powers conferred on the Trust by this or any other section of this Act.\n\nS. 11(2) repealed by No. 33/2013 s. 6(3).\n\n* * * * *\n\nS. 11(3) amended by Nos 8177 s. 2, 33/2013 s. 6(4).\n\n(3) Subject to subsection (4), a Trust shall not sell, give in exchange or otherwise dispose of any land to any person, except in accordance with a unanimous resolution of the Trust.\n\nS. 11(4) substituted byNo. 33/2013 s. 6(5).\n\n(4) A Trust may lease land, but must not lease land for a period of more than 21 years, except in accordance with a resolution, of which special notice has been given, which is agreed to at any general meeting of the Trust by not less than three-quarters of the persons who, being entitled to do so, attend the meeting and vote upon the resolution.\n\n(5) A Trust shall not under this section make a loan to any person who is a member of a Trust, or of its committee of management.\n\nS. 11A inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 7.\n\n","sortOrder":7},{"sectionNumber":"11A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Forms of contracts","content":"\t11A Forms of contracts\n\n(1) Contracts on behalf of a Trust may be made as follows—\n\n(a) a contract which if made between private persons would be by law required to be in writing under seal may be made on behalf of the Trust in writing under the common seal of the Trust;\n\n(b) a contract which if made between private persons would be by law required to be in writing signed by the parties to the contract may be made on behalf of the Trust in writing signed by any person acting under its authority, express or implied;\n\n(c) a contract which if made between private persons would by law be valid although made orally only (and not reduced into writing) may be made orally on behalf of the Trust by any person acting under its authority, express or implied.\n\n(2) A contract made in accordance with subsection (1) is effective in law and binds the Trust and its successors and all other parties to the contract.\n\n(3) A contract made in accordance with subsection (1) may be varied or discharged in the manner in which it is authorised to be made.\n\n(4) A document or proceeding requiring authentication by a Trust may be signed by an authorised officer of the Trust and need not be under its common seal.\n\nMembers' Shares in Trusts\n\n","sortOrder":8},{"sectionNumber":"12","sectionType":"section","heading":"Provisions concerning shares in Trusts","content":"\t12 Provisions concerning shares in Trusts\n\n(1) The undertaking of a Trust shall be divided into shares.\n\nS. 12(2) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 30(4).\n\n(2) On the appointed day, each of the first members of a Trust who are 18 years of age or over shall be entitled to one thousand shares, and each of the first members of a Trust who are children shall be entitled to five hundred shares, and the total number of shares in each Trust shall be determined accordingly.\n\n(3) A share in a Trust shall be personal property, and shall be transferable in accordance with this Act.\n\nS. 12(4) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 8(1).\n\n(4) A general meeting of a Trust may at any time resolve that the total number of shares in the Trust be amended to a specified number and the number of shares held by each member be correspondingly amended so as to represent the same proportion of the total number of shares as the member held before the amendment.\n\n(5) A resolution made under subsection (4) shall take effect on its being passed, and the Trust shall immediately amend the register of members accordingly.\n\n(6) A Trust shall immediately after its incorporation establish a register of members, showing the name and address of, and the extent of the shares held by, each member of the Trust.\n\n(7) Only those persons whose names appear from time to time in the register of members as the owners of any shares shall be members of a Trust.\n\nS. 12(8) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 8(2).\n\n(8) The Trust may, at the request of any member, issue to the member a certificate under seal showing the number of shares held by the member at the date of issue of the certificate, and any such certificate shall be prima facie evidence of title at the date of its issue.\n\n(9) No member of a Trust shall, by virtue of holding a share in the Trust, have any personal liability whatsoever (whether to the Trust or any other person) in respect of any debts or liabilities of or claims made upon the Trust or any amount by which at any time the assets of the Trust fall short of its liabilities or otherwise.\n\n","sortOrder":9},{"sectionNumber":"13","sectionType":"section","heading":"Entries in register of members","content":"\t13 Entries in register of members\n\nS. 13(1) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 3(1).\n\n(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the transfer of shares in a Trust shall be effected only by alteration of the register of members on production by the transferee of an instrument of transfer in the prescribed form accompanied by—\n\nS. 13(1)(a) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 3(1).\n\n(a) any other prescribed supporting documents or information; and\n\nS. 13(1)(b) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 3(1).\n\n(b) a statutory declaration in accordance with subsection (1A) from the person selling or transferring the shares; and\n\nS. 13(1)(c) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 3(1).\n\n(c) a statutory declaration in accordance with subsection (1A) from the purchaser or person to whom the shares are being transferred.\n\nS. 13(1A) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 3(2).\n\n(1A) A statutory declaration accompanying an instrument of transfer must state—\n\n(a) the number of shares to be sold or transferred; and\n\n(b) if the shares are to be sold, that the sale is in accordance with section 14; and\n\n(c) if the shares are to be otherwise transferred, that the transfer is not a sale or exchange for consideration; and\n\n(d) that the sale or transfer is made in accordance with this Act and the regulations (if any).\n\nS. 13(2) amended by Nos 33/2013 s. 9, 29/2024 s. 3(3).\n\n(2) The personal representative of a deceased member of a Trust may, on making application in writing and producing evidence of the representative's appointment satisfactory to the Trust, have the representative's name entered in the register of members as the owner of the shares of the deceased member.\n\n(3) Except as required by law, no person shall be recognized by a Trust as holding any share upon any trust, and the Trust shall not be bound by or compelled to recognize (even when having notice thereof) any equitable contingent future or partial interest in any share or any other rights in respect of any share, except an absolute right as to the entirety thereof in the person registered as the owner thereof.\n\nS. 13(4) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 3(4).\n\n(4) Where a share is owned by a person known by the Trust to be a child or under any other disability, the Trust shall mark the register accordingly.\n\nS. 13A inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 4.\n\n","sortOrder":10},{"sectionNumber":"13A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notification of transfer of shares","content":"\t13A Notification of transfer of shares\n\n(1) A Trust or other person or body responsible for maintaining the register of members for the Trust, within 28 days after any transfer of shares, must—\n\n(a) give written notice of the share transfer to all members appearing in the register; or\n\n(b) publish written notice of the share transfer in a place or publication that is accessible to all members appearing in the register.\n\n**Example**\n\nA community noticeboard, newsletter or online portal.\n\n(2) The notice must be approved by the committee of management of the Trust and include—\n\n(a) the name and signature of the person transferring the shares; and\n\n(b) the name, signature and address of the person to whom the shares are transferred; and\n\n(c) the number of shares being transferred; and\n\n(d) the date of the share transfer; and\n\n(e) any other prescribed details.\n\n(3) A failure to give notice under subsection (1) to all members appearing in the register of members does not affect any transfer of shares if a reasonable attempt to give that notice has been made.\n\nS. 13B inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 4.\n\n","sortOrder":11},{"sectionNumber":"13B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Inspection of register of members","content":"\t13B Inspection of register of members\n\nA Trust or other person or body responsible for maintaining the register of members for the Trust must ensure that the register is available for inspection within 14 days after receiving a written request to inspect the register from—\n\n(a) a member of that Trust; or\n\n(b) the Minister.\n\n","sortOrder":12},{"sectionNumber":"14","sectionType":"section","heading":"Restriction on transfer of shares","content":"\t14 Restriction on transfer of shares\n\n(1) A member of a Trust shall not sell or transfer any shares to any person otherwise than in accordance with this section, and no transfer in contravention of this section shall be registered.\n\nS. 14(2) amended by Nos 33/2013 s. 10(1), 29/2024 s. 5(2)(a).\n\n(2) A member of a Trust may transfer the member's shares or any of them as follows—\n\n(a) to the Trust;\n\n(b) to another member;\n\n(c) to the Crown in right of the Commonwealth or the State; or\n\nS. 14(2)(d) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 5(1).\n\n(d) To a person whom the member believes to be—\n\nS. 14(2)(d)(i) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 5(2)(b)(c).\n\n(i) the spouse or domestic partner, or a child or remoter issue, sibling or parent of the member;\n\nS. 14(2)(d)(ii) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 5(2)(d).\n\n(ii) a sibling of a parent of the member; or\n\nS. 14(2)(d)(iii) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 5(2)(d).\n\n(iii) a child or remoter issue of a parent of the member, or of a sibling of a parent of the member:\n\nProvided that for the purposes of this paragraph, any natural blood relationship shall be treated as being legitimate.\n\n(3) Nothing in this section shall be construed as preventing a transfer of shares—\n\n(a) by the personal representative of a deceased member to the persons entitled thereto under the will or on the intestacy of the deceased member; or\n\nS. 14(3)(b) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 10(2).\n\n(b) by the Crown to the member from whom the shares were acquired or the member's personal representative.\n\nS. 14(4) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 10(3).\n\n(4) A member of a Trust may make to the Trust an offer in writing to sell any shares owned by the member to—\n\n(a) the Trust; or\n\n(b) a person referred to in subsection (2) who is to be nominated by the Trust.\n\nS. 14(4A) inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 10(3).\n\n(4A) The price of the shares offered for sale under subsection (4) shall be the price fixed in accordance with this Act by an auditor appointed under this Act.\n\nS. 14(5) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 10(3).\n\n(5) An offer under subsection (4) shall remain open for acceptance by the Trust or person nominated by the Trust (as the case requires) for a period of 3 months from the date the offer is made, and then lapses.\n\n(6) Upon the lapsing of any such offer, the member shall be entitled to transfer the shares or any of them to any person at a price being not less than the price fixed for them by the auditor.\n\n(7) Where any shares in a Trust are acquired by the Trust—\n\n(a) the shares shall be deemed to have been acquired on behalf of the remaining members rateably according to the number of shares owned by them;\n\n(b) the shares shall be deemed to be held in Trust for the remaining members until the end of the financial year in which they were acquired, when the total number of shares shall be reduced by the number so acquired;\n\n(c) the Trust shall not be entitled to exercise any voting rights at any general meeting of the Trust in respect of the shares; and\n\n(d) any dividends paid in respect of shares after they are acquired shall be deemed to be income of the Trust.\n\nCommittee of Management\n\n","sortOrder":13},{"sectionNumber":"15","sectionType":"section","heading":"Committee of management","content":"\t15 Committee of management\n\n(1) Seven persons shall be elected at the first general meeting of a Trust to form a committee of management of the Trust, and of these—\n\n(a) two shall be elected to hold office until the second annual general meeting;\n\n(b) two shall be elected to hold office until the third annual general meeting; and\n\n(c) three shall be elected to hold office until the fourth annual general meeting.\n\nS. 15(2) substituted by No. 29/2024 s. 11(1).\n\n(2) The members of a Trust must elect a person to fill any casual vacancy in the committee of management at the next general meeting after the casual vacancy arises.\n\nS. 15(2A) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 11(1).\n\n(2A) If a vacancy arises in a committee of management that results in the committee having less than 4 members, a general meeting must be held within 28 days after the vacancy arises to elect persons to fill any vacancies in that committee.\n\nS. 15(3) amended by Nos 33/2013 s. 11(1), 29/2024 s. 11(2).\n\n(3) Subject to section 15A, any person elected to fill a vacancy arising by expiration of the term of office for which a member was elected shall hold office until the third annual general meeting following the person's election, and any person elected to fill a vacancy otherwise arising shall hold office for the balance of the term of office of the member that the person replaces.\n\n(4) It shall not be necessary for a member of a committee of management of a Trust to be a member of the Trust.\n\nS. 15(5) amended by Nos 33/2013 s. 11(2), 29/2024 s. 11(3).\n\n(5) No person shall be disqualified from being elected as a member of a committee of management of a Trust by reason of the fact that the person is an officer or employee of the Trust or is interested in a contract made by the Trust.\n\nS. 15(5A) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 11(4).\n\n(5A) A member of a committee of management who has a material personal interest (whether pecuniary or otherwise) in a matter that is for deliberation at a general meeting or a meeting of the committee must declare that interest to the committee, unless—\n\n(a) the interest arises because the member is also a member of the Trust, and the interest is held in common with other members of the Trust; or\n\n(b) the member has previously declared that interest to the committee, and the nature or extent of the interest has not materially increased since that declaration.\n\nS. 15(5B) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 11(4).\n\n(5B) A declaration under subsection (5A) must—\n\n(a) be made as soon as practicable after the member becomes aware of the interest, and no later than the next general meeting or the next meeting of the committee of management (whichever occurs first); and\n\n(b) include details of—\n\n(i) the nature and extent of the interest; and\n\n(ii) the relation of the interest to the affairs of the Trust; and\n\n(c) be recorded—\n\n(i) in the minutes of the meeting at which the person makes the declaration; and\n\n(ii) if the matter to which the declaration relates is deliberated at a subsequent meeting, in the minutes of that subsequent meeting.\n\nS. 15(5C) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 11(4).\n\n(5C) A member of a committee of management must not vote or take part in any deliberations at a general meeting or a meeting of the committee on any matter in which the member has a material personal interest (whether pecuniary or otherwise), unless—\n\n(a) the member has declared the interest to the committee of management; and\n\n(b) all other members of the committee of management agree that the member may vote or take part in deliberations on the matter.\n\nS. 15(6) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 11(3)(a).\n\n(6) The office of a member of a committee of management of a Trust shall become vacant if the member—\n\nS. 15(6)(a) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 11(5).\n\n(a) becomes of unsound mind or otherwise incapable of acting; or\n\nS. 15(6)(b) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 11(6).\n\n(b) becomes bankrupt; or\n\nS. 15(6)(c) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 11(3)(b).\n\n(c) resigns from office in writing addressed to the Chairperson of the Trust; or\n\nS. 15(6)(ca) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 11(7).\n\n(ca) is disqualified in accordance with subsection (6A); or\n\nS. 15(6)(cb) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 11(7).\n\n(cb) is disqualified from managing a corporation under Part 2D.6 of the Corporations Act; or\n\n(d) is removed from office by a resolution of which special notice is given passed at a general meeting of the Trust.\n\nS. 15(6A) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 11(8).\n\n(6A) A person is disqualified from being a member of a committee of management if the person is convicted or found guilty of an offence that involves dishonesty and is punishable by imprisonment for at least 3 months during a period of 5 years from the later of—\n\n(a) that conviction or finding of guilt; or\n\n(b) the end of a term of imprisonment served by the person for that offence.\n\n(7) A member of a committee of management shall be eligible for re-election.\n\n(8) The members of a committee of management of a Trust shall be entitled to receive such fees and travelling expenses (if any) as are from time to time fixed by resolution of the Trust passed in general meeting.\n\n(9) A committee of management shall at its first meeting—\n\nS. 15(9)(a) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 11(9).\n\n(a) elect one of its members to be Chairperson of the Trust, and determine the period for which the Chairperson is to hold office;\n\n(b) appoint a Secretary of the Trust; and\n\n(c) appoint some place to be the office of the Trust—\n\nand thereafter make such elections determinations and appointments as often as may be required.\n\n(10) A committee of management shall meet at least six times in each year.\n\nS. 15(11) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 11(10).\n\n(11) Four members of a committee of management shall constitute a quorum at any meeting.\n\n(12) During a vacancy in the office of any member of a committee of management, the continuing members may (if there is a quorum) act as if the vacancy had not occurred.\n\nS. 15(13) amended by Nos 33/2013 s. 11(4), 29/2024 s. 11(11).\n\n(13) Subject to this Act, a question arising at any meeting of a committee of management shall be decided by a majority of votes of those present at the meeting, but where there is no majority, the Chairperson of the Trust or, if the Chairperson is not present, the person chosen to preside at the meeting in the Chairperson's absence, shall have a second or casting vote.\n\nS. 15A inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 12.\n\n","sortOrder":14},{"sectionNumber":"15A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Staggered terms for committee of management members","content":"\t15A Staggered terms for committee of management members\n\n(1) If a Trust wishes to reintroduce staggered terms for members of a committee of management under section 15, the Trust may request the Minister to approve the reintroduction of staggered terms by submitting a written request to the Minister at least 60 days before an annual general meeting.\n\n(2) The Minister, in the Minister's complete discretion, may approve the reintroduction of staggered terms for members of a committee of management at the next annual general meeting if satisfied that it is appropriate in the circumstances to do so.\n\n(3) If the Minister approves the reintroduction of staggered terms, at the next annual general meeting—\n\n(a) all members of the committee of management who hold office immediately before that meeting cease to hold that office; and\n\n(b) the following must be elected to form the committee of management—\n\n(i) 2 persons are to be elected for 2 years;\n\n(ii) 2 persons are to be elected for 3 years;\n\n(iii) 3 persons are to be elected for 4 years.\n\n(4) If a committee of management is formed in accordance with subsection (3)—\n\n(a) a person who is elected to fill a vacancy arising from the expiry of a member's term of office holds office for 3 years; and\n\n(b) a person who is elected to fill a vacancy that arises for any other reason holds office for the balance of the term of office of the member that the person replaces.\n\n","sortOrder":15},{"sectionNumber":"16","sectionType":"section","heading":"Committee to act on behalf of Trust","content":"\t16 Committee to act on behalf of Trust\n\nS. 16(1) amended by No. 58/2004 s. 5.\n\n(1) Subject to this Act, the powers and functions of a Trust may be exercised on its behalf by its committee of management and not otherwise, but a committee of management shall comply with the terms and conditions of any resolution relating to the powers and functions of the Trust passed at a general meeting of the Trust.\n\n(2) All acts done in good faith by a committee of management shall, notwithstanding that it is afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment or continuance in office of any member be as valid as if the member had been duly appointed or had duly continued in office.\n\nS. 16(3) amended by No. 8177 s. 3.\n\n(3) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in subsection (1), a Trust shall be bound by everything done by its committee of management which it is lawful for the Trust to do, and no person dealing with the Trust shall be concerned to inquire in relation to any such act whether the committee is authorized to act as it does.\n\n","sortOrder":16},{"sectionNumber":"17","sectionType":"section","heading":"Seal","content":"\t17 Seal\n\nThe seal of the Trust shall be kept by the Secretary and shall be affixed to a document only by resolution of the committee of management, and when affixed shall be authenticated by the signatures of two members of the committee of management and the Secretary.\n\nFinancial\n\nS. 18 substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 12, amended by No. 29/2024 s. 21 (ILA s. 39B(1)).\n\n","sortOrder":17},{"sectionNumber":"18","sectionType":"section","heading":"Accounts","content":"\t18 Accounts\n\n(1) A Trust must cause to be kept proper books of account giving a true and complete account of the affairs and transactions of the Trust.\n\nS. 18(2) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 21.\n\n(2) If a Trust establishes, acquires, operates or manages a related entity under section 11(1)(ba), the Trust must include all relevant accounts and records in relation to the operations of the related entity in the Trust's accounts kept under this section.\n\nS. 18A inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 12.\n\n","sortOrder":18},{"sectionNumber":"18A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Financial reports","content":"\t18A Financial reports\n\n(1) A Trust must cause to be prepared—\n\n(a) a balance-sheet as at the end of each financial year; and\n\n(b) a profit and loss account in respect of each financial year.\n\nS. 18A(2) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 22(1).\n\n(2) A balance-sheet must, when read in conjunction with a report by the committee of management under section 18B, give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Trust and any related entity of the Trust as at the end of the financial year.\n\nS. 18A(3) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 22(2).\n\n(3) A profit and loss account must give a true and fair view of the profit or loss of the Trust and any related entity of the Trust for the financial year.\n\n(4) A balance-sheet and profit and loss account prepared under subsection (1) must be audited by the auditor of the Trust.\n\nS. 18A(5) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 22(3).\n\n(5) In this section—\n\n***related entity*** means an entity established, acquired, operated or managed by a Trust under section 11(1)(ba).\n\nS. 18B inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 12.\n\n","sortOrder":19},{"sectionNumber":"18B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Report of state of affairs of Trust","content":"\t18B Report of state of affairs of Trust\n\nThe committee of management of a Trust must prepare for each financial year a report concerning the state of affairs of the Trust during that financial year, including—\n\n(a) a statement of the amount (if any) which the committee has determined is available for distribution in the form of dividends; and\n\n(b) with respect to the assets of the Trust, a statement setting out their estimated current market value and the liabilities charged on or relating particularly to those assets.\n\nS. 18C inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 12.\n\n","sortOrder":20},{"sectionNumber":"18C","sectionType":"section","heading":"Accounts to be laid before annual general meeting of Trust","content":"\t18C Accounts to be laid before annual general meeting of Trust\n\n(1) A Trust must cause an audited balance-sheet and profit and loss account prepared under section 18A to be laid before the first annual general meeting of the Trust held after the end of the financial year to which the balance-sheet and profit and loss account relate.\n\n(2) A Trust must cause to be annexed to the balance-sheet and profit and loss account laid before the annual general meeting of the Trust—\n\n(a) a report by the committee of management prepared under section 18B; and\n\n(b) a report by the auditor prepared under section 19A(1).\n\n(3) A Trust must send a copy of the balance-sheet, profit and loss account and the reports by the committee of management and auditor annexed to those documents to all persons entitled to receive notice of general meetings of the Trust at least 14 days before the annual general meeting at which the documents are to be laid.\n\nSs 18D, 18E inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 12, repealed by No. 29/2024 s. 15.\n\n* * * * *\n\nS. 19 substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 12.\n\n","sortOrder":21},{"sectionNumber":"19","sectionType":"section","heading":"Appointment of auditor","content":"\t19 Appointment of auditor\n\n(1) Subject to subsection (2), a Trust must appoint a person to be the auditor of the Trust at an annual general meeting of the Trust.\n\n(2) If an auditor has not been appointed at an annual general meeting within 3 months after a vacancy occurs in that office, the committee of management of the Trust must appoint a person to fill the vacancy.\n\n(3) A person appointed as auditor—\n\n(a) must be a registered company auditor; and\n\n(b) must not be an officer or employee of the Trust.\n\n(4) An auditor of a Trust holds office until the auditor—\n\n(a) dies; or\n\n(b) resigns from office in writing addressed to the Chairperson of the Trust; or\n\n(c) ceases to be a registered company auditor; or\n\n(d) is removed from office by a resolution, of which special notice is given, passed at a general meeting of the Trust.\n\n(5) The Trust must pay any reasonable fees and expenses of the auditor.\n\n(6) Nothing in this section affects the appointment of an auditor of a Trust holding office immediately before the commencement of the **Aboriginal Lands Amendment Act 2013**.\n\nS. 19A inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 12.\n\n","sortOrder":22},{"sectionNumber":"19A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Audit","content":"\t19A Audit\n\n(1) An auditor of a Trust must report in writing to the members of the Trust on—\n\n(a) the accounts examined by the auditor; and\n\n(b) any balance-sheet and profit and loss account prepared under section 18A.\n\n(2) A report under subsection (1) must state—\n\n(a) whether, in the auditor's opinion, the books of account and register of members required to be kept by the Trust have been properly kept; and\n\n(b) whether, in the auditor's opinion, the balance-sheet, profit and loss account and the report of the committee of management prepared under section 18B give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Trust at the end of the financial year and of its activities during the financial year; and\n\n(c) whether the auditor has obtained all the information and explanations that the auditor has required.\n\n(3) An auditor of a Trust is entitled—\n\n(a) to access to the records of the Trust; and\n\n(b) to require from officers and employees of the Trust any information concerning, and explanation of, any matter that the auditor thinks fit; and\n\n(c) to receive all notices relating to any general meeting of the Trust that members are entitled to receive; and\n\n(d) to attend a general meeting; and\n\n(e) to be heard at a general meeting on any part of the business of the meeting which concerns the auditor in the auditor's capacity as auditor.\n\n","sortOrder":23},{"sectionNumber":"20","sectionType":"section","heading":"Valuation of shares","content":"\t20 Valuation of shares\n\nS. 20(1) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 13.\n\n(1) Whenever by any provision of this Act the value of any shares in a Trust is required to be fixed by the auditor, the auditor shall fix the value of the shares in relation to the equity value of the Trust at the date of the last published balance-sheet (as disclosed by the balance-sheet and the statement concerning the estimated current value of the assets in the annexed report of the committee of management), with such adjustments thereto (if any) as in the auditor's opinion are necessary to arrive at a fair and reasonable equity value for the shares at the date of the valuation having regard to—\n\n(a) any material change in the current market value of the assets since the date of the last published balance-sheet;\n\n(b) any dividends paid or to be paid to members since the said date;\n\n(c) the estimated profit or loss of the Trust for the current financial year; and\n\nS. 20(1)(d) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 13.\n\n(d) any other matter which in the auditor's opinion materially affects the equity value of the Trust.\n\n(2) In this section ***equity value*** in relation to a Trust, means the sum remaining after deducting from the total value of all assets of the Trust the amount of all liabilities claims and debts to which the Trust is subject or which it owes.\n\n","sortOrder":24},{"sectionNumber":"21","sectionType":"section","heading":"Dividends","content":"\t21 Dividends\n\n(1) The Trust shall not distribute any moneys amongst its members in the form of dividends except from profits (including accumulated profits and realized capital profits), and in accordance with an express resolution of a general meeting of the Trust.\n\n(2) Any amount distributed in any financial year shall not exceed the amount determined by the committee of management to be available for that purpose in that year, after adequate provision is made for the payment or setting aside of other moneys to be paid or set aside from the income of the Trust.\n\n(3) Any amount authorized to be distributed as dividends by a resolution of a general meeting shall be deemed to be appropriated for the purpose, and held in trust for the persons entitled to receive dividends in their respective shares.\n\nS. 21A inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 16.\n\n","sortOrder":25},{"sectionNumber":"21A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Preparation of draft strategic plan","content":"\t21A Preparation of draft strategic plan\n\n(1) A Trust must prepare a draft strategic plan for a period of 3 years that contains the following—\n\n(a) a vision statement;\n\n(b) a mission statement;\n\n(c) a statement of values;\n\n(d) objectives to be met while the strategic plan is in effect;\n\n(e) details of any strategic initiatives that will enable the Trust to meet the objectives referred to in paragraph (d);\n\n(f) any other prescribed details.\n\n(2) A Trust must submit to the Minister for approval—\n\n(a) its first draft strategic plan within 6 months after this section comes into operation; and\n\n(b) a new draft strategic plan every 3 years after the date on which the previous strategic plan is approved.\n\nS. 21B inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 16.\n\n","sortOrder":26},{"sectionNumber":"21B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Approval of strategic plan","content":"\t21B Approval of strategic plan\n\n(1) If the Minister is satisfied that a draft strategic plan submitted to the Minister contains the matters referred to in section 21A(1), the Minister may approve the strategic plan—\n\n(a) as submitted to the Minister with no amendments; or\n\n(b) subject to any amendments required by the Minister.\n\n(2) The Minister must give written notification of the approval of a strategic plan to the Trust, including any amendments required to that plan.\n\n(3) A Trust must adopt and implement the approved strategic plan in accordance with that approval.\n\nGeneral Meetings\n\n","sortOrder":27},{"sectionNumber":"22","sectionType":"section","heading":"General meetings","content":"\t22 General meetings\n\n(1) The Minister shall call the first general meeting of a Trust for a date being not more than three months after the appointed day.\n\n(2) Subject to subsection (1), every general meeting of a Trust shall be called by the Secretary.\n\nS. 22(3) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 6(1).\n\n(3) The Secretary of a Trust shall call a general meeting of the Trust if called upon to do so by a requisition in writing under the hands of not less than one-quarter of those members of the Trust who are 18 years of age or over.\n\nS. 22(4) amended by Nos 33/2013 s. 14, 29/2024 s. 6(2).\n\n(4) General meetings of a Trust shall be called by giving at least fourteen days' notice of the meeting in writing to every member of the Trust who is 18 years of age or over and who has a place of address shown against the member's name in the register of members.\n\nS. 22(4A) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 6(3).\n\n(4A) The notice of any general meeting must—\n\n(a) specify the time, date and location of the meeting; and\n\n(b) indicate the general nature of each item of business to be considered at the meeting; and\n\n(c) include a list of all members who appear in the register of members on the date on which the meeting is called; and\n\n(d) include any other information that the committee of management considers necessary.\n\nS. 22(5) amended by Nos 33/2013 s. 14, 29/2024 s. 6(4).\n\n(5) Any such notice may be sent by post to a member at the place of address shown against the member's name in the register of members.\n\n(6) The accidental failure to send or failure to receive any such notice shall not invalidate anything done at any general meeting.\n\nS. 22(7) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 6(5).\n\n(7) A Trust may hold a general meeting at any time, but must hold at least one general meeting in each year in addition to the annual general meeting.\n\nS. 22(7A) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 6(6).\n\n(7A) An additional general meeting that is required to be held under subsection (7) must not be held—\n\n(a) within 2 months before the annual general meeting of the Trust; or\n\n(b) within 2 months after that annual general meeting.\n\n(8) A Trust shall hold an annual general meeting within six months after the end of each financial year, but a Trust shall not be obliged to hold its first annual general meeting until the Trust has been in existence for a full financial year.\n\nS. 22A inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 7.\n\n","sortOrder":28},{"sectionNumber":"22A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Exemption from or extension for requirement to hold general meeting","content":"\t22A Exemption from or extension for requirement to hold general meeting\n\n(1) If holding a general meeting would be unreasonable in the circumstances, a Trust may apply to the Minister for an exemption from, or an extension of time to comply with—\n\n(a) the requirement under section 22(7) to hold an additional general meeting; or\n\n(b) the requirement under section 22(8) to hold an annual general meeting within 6 months after the end of a financial year.\n\n(2) The Minister, if satisfied that it is appropriate in the circumstances to do so, may—\n\n(a) subject to subsections (3) and (4), exempt the Trust from section 22(7) or (8) (as the case requires); or\n\n(b) extend the time period for complying with section 22(7) or (8) (as the case requires).\n\n(3) The Minister must refuse an application for an exemption from the requirement to hold an additional general meeting if—\n\n(a) the Trust has already been exempted from the requirement to hold an annual general meeting in that year; or\n\n(b) the Trust was exempted from the requirement to hold an additional general meeting or annual general meeting in the previous year.\n\n(4) The Minister must refuse an application for an exemption from the requirement to hold an annual general meeting if—\n\n(a) the Trust has already been exempted from the requirement to hold an additional general meeting in that year; or\n\n(b) the Trust was exempted from the requirement to hold an additional general meeting or annual general meeting in the previous year.\n\n(5) An exemption or extension under subsection (2) must—\n\n(a) be in writing; and\n\n(b) specify the period for which the exemption or extension applies, which must not exceed 12 months.\n\n","sortOrder":29},{"sectionNumber":"23","sectionType":"section","heading":"Procedure at general meetings","content":"\t23 Procedure at general meetings\n\n(1) Subject to subsection (5), a member may attend and vote at a general meeting in person only.\n\n(2) Unless on any question submitted at a general meeting to a vote a poll is demanded by not less than five persons present, or by any person or persons entitled to exercise not less than one-tenth of the total votes of those present, every member present shall be entitled to one vote only, and a resolution shall be carried if a majority of the votes is in favour thereof.\n\nS. 23(3) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 15(1).\n\n(3) If a poll is demanded in accordance with subsection (2), the number of votes to which each member is entitled shall be determined by the number of shares the member owns.\n\nS. 23(4) amended by No. 58/2004 s. 6.\n\n(4) The quorum for a general meeting shall be  \none-half of the persons entitled to vote at the meeting who are residents of the reserve on the day the meeting was called in accordance with section 22(4).\n\nS. 23(4A) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 8(1).\n\n(4A) If a quorum under subsection (4) cannot be reached or maintained for a general meeting, the Chairperson of the Trust may adjourn the meeting to a time and date to be fixed, being within 2 to 6 weeks of the original date of the meeting.\n\nS. 23(4B) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 8(1).\n\n(4B) If the Chairperson considers that a quorum is unlikely to be reached or maintained for a general meeting adjourned under subsection (4A), the Chairperson may apply to the Minister for an exemption from the quorum requirement so that a reduced quorum can be formed.\n\nS. 23(4C) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 8(1).\n\n(4C) An application under subsection (4B) must—\n\n(a) be in writing; and\n\n(b) be made to the Minister no later than 14 days after the date of the adjourned meeting; and\n\n(c) specify the proposed number of persons to form the reduced quorum; and\n\n(d) specify the period for which the reduced quorum is intended to apply, which must not exceed 6 weeks.\n\nS. 23(4D) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 8(1).\n\n(4D) The Minister, in the Minister's complete discretion, may exempt a Trust from the quorum requirement in subsection (4) if satisfied that it is appropriate in the circumstances to do so.\n\nS. 23(4E) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 8(1).\n\n(4E) An exemption under subsection (4D) must—\n\n(a) be in writing; and\n\n(b) specify the number of persons to form a reduced quorum; and\n\n(c) specify the period for which the reduced quorum applies, which must not exceed 6 weeks.\n\nS. 23(4F) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 8(1).\n\n(4F) If a general meeting is held to which a reduced quorum applies, a resolution in relation to the leasing or disposal of land must not be made at that meeting.\n\n(5) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Act—\n\nS. 23(5)(a) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 8(2).\n\n(a) a member who is a child shall not be entitled to vote at any general meeting;\n\nS. 23(5)(b) amended by Nos 33/2013 s. 15(2), 29/2024 s. 8(3).\n\n(b) where any member is by any rule of law disabled from dealing with the member's property, any vote ordinarily exercisable by the member at a general meeting shall not be exercised by the member, but any person who is for the time being authorized by law to control the property of the person so disabled may attend and exercise the vote in the member's place; and\n\n(c) where the Crown or a corporation is entitled to exercise any vote at a general meeting, any person authorized to represent the Crown or the corporation at the meeting may attend and vote on behalf of the Crown or the corporation.\n\nS. 23AA inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 9.\n\n\t23AA Minutes of general meeting\n\n(1) A Trust must ensure that minutes of each general meeting of the Trust are kept which record—\n\n(a) the persons who attended the meeting; and\n\n(b) the business considered at the meeting; and\n\n(c) any resolution on which a vote was taken and the result of the vote; and\n\n(d) any other prescribed matters.\n\n(2) A Trust must ensure that the minutes of a general meeting are made available to a member of the Trust or the Minister within 14 days after receiving a written request to do so from the member or the Minister.\n\nHeading preceding s. 23AAB inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7, amended by No. 33/2013 s. 16.\n\nAdministration of the Trusts\n\nS. 23AAB inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 19.\n\n\t23AAB Appointment of independent auditor\n\nThe Minister may appoint an independent auditor for a specified period to investigate whether a Trust is, or has been—\n\n(a) in contravention of this Act; or\n\n(b) in contravention of any other Act or law in relation to the management of the Trust; or\n\n(c) in a circumstance which may constitute a basis for the appointment of an Administrator.\n\nS. 23AAC inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 19.\n\n\t23AAC Independent investigation and report to Minister\n\n(1) For the purpose of conducting an independent investigation, an independent auditor may—\n\n(a) examine any accounts, minutes or other records kept by the Trust; and\n\n(b) require the Trust to provide any information or document to the independent auditor.\n\n(2) Subject to any privilege in law or any secrecy provision in any Act, the Trust must comply with a requirement under subsection (1).\n\n(3) The independent auditor must report to the Minister on the findings of the independent investigation and provide recommendations as appropriate.\n\n(4) A report under subsection (3) must not include—\n\n(a) any information that the independent auditor considers would prejudice any criminal proceeding or criminal investigation; or\n\n(b) a finding or an opinion that a specified person is guilty of or has committed, is committing or is about to commit an offence; or\n\n(c) a recommendation that a specified person be, or an opinion that a specified person should be, prosecuted for an offence.\n\nS. 23AAD inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 19.\n\n\t23AAD Protection from liability\n\n(1) An independent auditor is not personally liable for anything done or omitted to be done in good faith—\n\n(a) in the exercise of a power or the performance of a function under this Act; or\n\n(b) in the reasonable belief that the act or omission was in the exercise of a power or the performance of a function under this Act.\n\n(2) Any liability resulting from an act or omission that, but for subsection (1), would attach to the independent auditor attaches instead to the State.\n\nS. 23AAE inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 19.\n\n\t23AAE Offence to hinder or obstruct independent auditor\n\nA person must not intentionally or recklessly obstruct or hinder an independent auditor in the performance of the auditor's functions or the exercise of the auditor's powers under this Act.\n\nPenalty: 30 penalty units.\n\nS. 23A (Heading) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 17(1).\n\nS. 23A inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7, amended by No. 33/2013 s. 17(2).\n\n","sortOrder":30},{"sectionNumber":"23A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Minister may require Trust to comply with Act","content":"\t23A Minister may require Trust to comply with Act\n\nIf the Minister believes on reasonable grounds that a Trust has failed to comply with a provision of this Act, the Minister may, by notice served on the Chairperson of the Trust, require the committee of management of the Trust to take the action specified in the notice, within a reasonable period of time specified in the notice, for the purpose of complying with this Act.\n\nS. 23B inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7.\n\n","sortOrder":31},{"sectionNumber":"23B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Appointment of Administrator","content":"\t23B Appointment of Administrator\n\n(1) In this section—\n\nS. 23B(1) def. of *relevant grounds* amended by No. 33/2013 s. 18(1).\n\n***relevant grounds*** means any one or more of the following—\n\n(a) that the committee of management of a Trust has—\n\n(i) failed to take the action specified in a notice served under section 23A within the period of time specified in the notice; and\n\n(ii) failed to provide an explanation that is to the reasonable satisfaction of the Minister for its failure to take the action specified in a notice served under section 23A within the period of time specified in the notice;\n\n(b) that the members of the committee of management of a Trust have acted in the affairs of the Trust in their own interests rather than in the interests of the members of the Trust;\n\n(c) that the appointment of an Administrator is required in the interests of the members of a Trust or the residents of a reserve.\n\nS. 23B(2) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 18(2).\n\n(2) If the Minister considers that there may be relevant grounds for appointing an Administrator of a Trust, the Minister may serve on the Chairperson of the Trust, a notice in writing—\n\n(a) calling on the Trust to show cause, within a reasonable period specified in the notice, why an Administrator should not be appointed; and\n\n(b) setting out the grounds on which the Minister relies for the service of the notice.\n\n(3) The grounds set out in the notice must be relevant grounds.\n\nS. 23B(4) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 18(3).\n\n(4) The Trust may make representations to the Minister in respect of the relevant grounds set out in the notice within the period specified in the notice.\n\n(5) If the Minister considers it appropriate to do so, the Minister may, within the period specified in the notice—\n\nS. 23B(5)(a) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 18(4).\n\n(a) inform the residents of the relevant reserve of the service of a notice under this section and the relevant grounds set out in the notice; and\n\n(b) ask for submissions from the residents in respect of those grounds.\n\nS. 23B(6) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 19.\n\n(6) After the period specified in the notice, and having considered any representations made by the Trust and submissions (if any) of the residents of the reserve, the Minister may appoint a person or board of persons as Administrator.\n\nS. 23C (Heading) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 20(1).\n\nS. 23C inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7.\n\n","sortOrder":32},{"sectionNumber":"23C","sectionType":"section","heading":"Conditions of appointment of Administrator","content":"\t23C Conditions of appointment of Administrator\n\nS. 23C(1) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 20(2).\n\n(1) An appointment of an Administrator must be for a specified period.\n\n(2) However, the Minister may extend the period of appointment before the expiry of the period for a further specified period.\n\nS. 23C(3) inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 20(3).\n\n(3) An Administrator or, if a board is the Administrator, a member of the board, is entitled to receive the fees (if any) determined by the Minister.\n\nS. 23D inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7, substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 21.\n\n","sortOrder":33},{"sectionNumber":"23D","sectionType":"section","heading":"Appointment of new Administrator in certain cases","content":"\t23D Appointment of new Administrator in certain cases\n\nS. 23D(1) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 23(1).\n\n(1) The Minister may cancel the appointment of an Administrator and appoint another Administrator (whether a person or a board) if the Minister considers it necessary to do so.\n\n(2) The Minister may appoint a new Administrator if, in the case of an Administrator who is a person, the Administrator dies or resigns.\n\n(3) The Minister may appoint a new Administrator if, in the case of an Administrator that is a board, the board is abolished under section 23R.\n\nS. 23D(4) repealed by No. 29/2024 s. 23(2).\n\n* * * * *\n\n(5) In appointing an Administrator under this section, the Minister is not required to comply with section 23B.\n\nS. 23E inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7.\n\n","sortOrder":34},{"sectionNumber":"23E","sectionType":"section","heading":"Notice of appointment","content":"\t23E Notice of appointment\n\nAs soon as practicable after the appointment of an Administrator, the Minister must publish notice of the appointment and the period of the appointment, in—\n\n(a) the Government Gazette; and\n\nS. 23E(b) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 22.\n\n(b) a newspaper (if any) circulating generally in—\n\n(i) in the case of the Framlingham Trust, the area where the Framlingham reserve is located; or\n\n(ii) in the case of the Lake Tyers Trust, the area where the Lake Tyers reserve is located.\n\nS. 23F inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7, substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 23.\n\n","sortOrder":35},{"sectionNumber":"23F","sectionType":"section","heading":"Effect of appointment of Administrator","content":"\t23F Effect of appointment of Administrator\n\nOn the appointment of the Administrator of a Trust all members of the committee of management of the Trust, including the Chairperson, cease to hold office.\n\nS. 23G inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7.\n\n","sortOrder":36},{"sectionNumber":"23G","sectionType":"section","heading":"Administrator to establish advisory committee","content":"\t23G Administrator to establish advisory committee\n\nS. 23G(1) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 24(1), amended by No. 29/2024 s. 24(1).\n\n(1) Subject to subsection (1A), the Administrator of a Trust must establish an advisory committee which the Administrator must consult in relation to the Administrator's conduct of the affairs of the Trust.\n\nS. 23G(1A) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 24(2).\n\n(1A) If the Minister has appointed a board of persons as the Administrator, the Minister may exempt the Administrator from establishing and consulting with an advisory committee if—\n\n(a) at least 5 members of the board are residents or members of the Trust; and\n\n(b) at least 2 members of the board were members of the committee of management of the Trust immediately before the appointment of the Administrator.\n\n(2) The advisory committee must be established after the appointment of the Administrator without delay.\n\n(3) The advisory committee must include at least—\n\nS. 23G(3)(a) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 24(2).\n\n(a) 3 persons who were members of the committee of management of the Trust immediately before the appointment of the Administrator; and\n\nS. 23G(3)(b) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 24(3).\n\n(b) 2 persons, not being members of the committee of management of the Trust, who are residents of—\n\n(i) in the case of the Framlingham Trust, the Framlingham reserve; or\n\n(ii) in the case of the Lake Tyers Trust, the Lake Tyers reserve.\n\nS. 23H inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7.\n\n","sortOrder":37},{"sectionNumber":"23H","sectionType":"section","heading":"Functions and powers of Administrator","content":"\t23H Functions and powers of Administrator\n\nS. 23H(1) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 25.\n\n(1) The Administrator of a Trust is responsible for the conduct of the affairs of the Trust.\n\nS. 23H(2) substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 25.\n\n(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the Administrator may exercise the powers and functions of the committee of management of the Trust and Secretary of the Trust under this Act, other than the powers referred to in section 23I.\n\n(3) In addition, the Administrator may provide assistance and training to the members of the Trust in the proper administration and management of the Trust.\n\nS. 23I inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7, substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 26.\n\n","sortOrder":38},{"sectionNumber":"23I","sectionType":"section","heading":"Restriction on powers of Administrator","content":"\t23I Restriction on powers of Administrator\n\n(1) Subject to subsection (2), the Administrator must not—\n\n(a) sell, exchange or dispose of any land constituting a reserve; or\n\n(b) borrow money on the security of a mortgage, charge or other assurance of any land constituting a reserve.\n\n(2) The Administrator may lease land constituting a reserve for a period of 21 years or less.\n\nS. 23J inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7, amended by No. 33/2013 s. 27.\n\n","sortOrder":39},{"sectionNumber":"23J","sectionType":"section","heading":"Immunity","content":"\t23J Immunity\n\nThe Administrator or, in the case of an Administrator that is a board, a member of the board, is not personally liable for anything done or omitted to be done in good faith—\n\n(a) in the exercise of a power or the discharge of a duty under this Act; or\n\n(b) in the reasonable belief that the act or omission was in the exercise of a power or the discharge of a duty under this Act.\n\nS. 23K inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7.\n\n","sortOrder":40},{"sectionNumber":"23K","sectionType":"section","heading":"Report to Minister","content":"\t23K Report to Minister\n\nThe Administrator must give the Minister such information as the Minister requires from time to time.\n\nS. 23L inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 7.\n\n","sortOrder":41},{"sectionNumber":"23L","sectionType":"section","heading":"Committee of management elected at end of period of administration","content":"\t23L Committee of management elected at end of period of administration\n\n(1) If the Minister intends not to extend the period of appointment of an Administrator, or intends to cancel the appointment of an Administrator under section 23D and not immediately appoint another, the Minister must direct the Administrator to convene a general meeting of the Trust for the purpose of electing 7 persons to form a committee of management of the Trust.\n\nS. 23L(2) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 28(1).\n\n(2) On receiving a direction under subsection (1), the Administrator of a Trust must convene and hold a general meeting, in accordance with this Act, of the Trust for the purpose of electing 7 persons to form a committee of management of the Trust.\n\nS. 23L(3) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 28(2).\n\n(3) At a general meeting convened and held in accordance with subsection (2), the members of the Trust shall elect 7 persons to form a committee of management of that Trust.\n\n(4) If at a meeting convened and held in accordance with subsection (2), 7 persons are not elected to form a committee of management of the Trust, the Minister may direct the Administrator to convene and hold such further general meetings, in accordance with this Act, as are necessary until such time as the members of the Trust elect 7 persons to form a committee of management of that Trust.\n\nS. 23L(5) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 28(3).\n\n(5) Section 15 applies to the persons elected in accordance with this section to form the committee of management of the Trust as if the meeting at which they were elected was the first meeting of the Trust referred to in section 15(1).\n\nS. 23L(6) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 28(3).\n\n(6) Members of the committee of management of the Trust elected in accordance with this section take office on the expiration of the period of appointment, or cancellation of the appointment, of the Administrator (as the case requires).\n\nHeading preceding s. 23M inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 29.\n\nAppointment of board to act as Administrator\n\nS. 23M inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 29.\n\n","sortOrder":42},{"sectionNumber":"23M","sectionType":"section","heading":"Constitution of board","content":"\t23M Constitution of board\n\nS. 23M(1) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 25.\n\n(1) A board of persons appointed to act as Administrator under section 23B must consist of at least 7 persons, but no more than 11 persons, of whom—\n\n(a) at least 3 have skills and experience relevant to the functions of an Administrator;\n\n(b) at least 3 are appointed after consulting, in the manner determined by the Minister, the residents of—\n\n(i) in the case of an Administrator to the Framlingham Trust, the Framlingham reserve; or\n\n(ii) in the case of an Administrator to the Lake Tyers Trust, the Lake Tyers reserve.\n\n(2) If a member of a board dies, resigns or is removed under section 23Q(2), the Minister may appoint a new member to a board who is of the same category of member under subsection (1) as the category of member that the new member is replacing.\n\nS. 23N inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 29.\n\n","sortOrder":43},{"sectionNumber":"23N","sectionType":"section","heading":"Chairperson","content":"\t23N Chairperson\n\n(1) The Minister must appoint a member of a board as chairperson of the board.\n\n(2) A member appointed as chairperson must be a member appointed in accordance with section 23M(1)(a).\n\n(3) The chairperson or, if the chairperson is absent, a person nominated by the chairperson, must preside at a meeting of the board.\n\nS. 23O inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 29.\n\n","sortOrder":44},{"sectionNumber":"23O","sectionType":"section","heading":"Meetings of a board","content":"\t23O Meetings of a board\n\nS. 23O(1) substituted by No. 29/2024 s. 26.\n\n(1) The quorum for a meeting of a board that consists of 7 or 8 persons is 3 members of the board, of whom—\n\n(a) at least one member must be appointed in accordance with section 23M(1)(a); and\n\n(b) at least one member must be appointed in accordance with section 23M(1)(b).\n\nS. 23O(1A) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 26.\n\n(1A) The quorum for a meeting of a board that consists of 9 or 10 persons is 4 members of the board, of whom—\n\n(a) at least one member must be appointed in accordance with section 23M(1)(a); and\n\n(b) at least one member must be appointed in accordance with section 23M(1)(b).\n\nS. 23O(1B) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 26.\n\n(1B) The quorum for a meeting of a board that consists of 11 persons is 5 members of the board, of whom—\n\n(a) at least one member must be appointed in accordance with section 23M(1)(a); and\n\n(b) at least one member must be appointed in accordance with section 23M(1)(b).\n\n(2) A decision of the board is a decision of the majority of members of the board present at a meeting and voting, and, if there is no majority, the chairperson of the board or the person nominated by the chairperson of the board to preside in the chairperson's absence has a second or casting vote.\n\nS. 23P inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 29.\n\n","sortOrder":45},{"sectionNumber":"23P","sectionType":"section","heading":"Procedures of a board","content":"\t23P Procedures of a board\n\n(1) Subject to this Act and the rules of the board, a board may regulate its own procedures.\n\n(2) A board must make rules to regulate its procedures, including rules establishing—\n\n(a) a code of conduct for members of the board; and\n\n(b) procedures for managing conflicts of interest.\n\n(3) The rules do not take effect until approved by the Secretary to the Department.\n\n(4) A failure to comply with the rules referred to in subsection (2)(a) or (b) is evidence of improper conduct for the purposes of section 23Q(2)(a).\n\n(5) The Secretary to the Department may, by instrument, delegate a function under this section other than this power of delegation.\n\nS. 23Q inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 29.\n\n","sortOrder":46},{"sectionNumber":"23Q","sectionType":"section","heading":"Resignation or removal of member of board from office","content":"\t23Q Resignation or removal of member of board from office\n\n(1) A member of a board may resign from office by giving notice in writing to the Minister.\n\n(2) The Minister may remove a member of a board from office if—\n\n(a) there is evidence that the member has engaged in improper conduct; or\n\n(b) the member has failed to attend 3 or more meetings without reasonable excuse; or\n\nS. 23Q(2)(c) amended by No. 29/2024 s. 30(5).\n\n(c) the member has otherwise failed to meet their obligations as member of a board without reasonable excuse.\n\n(3) During a vacancy in the office of any member of a board, the continuing members may (if there is a quorum) act as if the vacancy had not occurred.\n\nS. 23R inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 29.\n\n","sortOrder":47},{"sectionNumber":"23R","sectionType":"section","heading":"Abolition of board","content":"\t23R Abolition of board\n\nThe Minister may abolish a board and remove all of its members from office if—\n\n(a) there is evidence that the board has engaged in improper conduct; or\n\n(b) the board has failed to meet its obligations under this Act without reasonable excuse.\n\nMiscellaneous\n\nHeading preceding s. 23S inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 30.\n\nReports to Minister and Records\n\nS. 23S inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 31.\n\n","sortOrder":48},{"sectionNumber":"23S","sectionType":"section","heading":"Trust must give Minister certain reports","content":"\t23S Trust must give Minister certain reports\n\n(1) A Trust must give the Minister a copy of an audited balance-sheet and profit and loss account prepared under section 18A and the reports by the committee of management and auditor annexed to those documents within 14 days after the annual general meeting at which the documents are laid.\n\n**Note**\n\nFailure to provide the documents referred to in this subsection to the Minister constitutes an offence under section 25(2)(f).\n\nS. 23S(2) substituted by No. 29/2024 s. 17(1).\n\n(2) A Trust must give the Minister a copy of the register of members for that Trust—\n\n(a) as at the date of each annual general meeting, within 14 days after that annual general meeting; and\n\n(b) at any time when requested to do so by the Minister.\n\nS. 23S(3) repealed by No. 29/2024 s. 17(2).\n\n* * * * *\n\nS. 23T inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 31.\n\n","sortOrder":49},{"sectionNumber":"23T","sectionType":"section","heading":"Other information to be provided to Minister","content":"\t23T Other information to be provided to Minister\n\n(1) A Trust must give the Minister the details of any change in the particulars referred to in section 24AA(1)(a) or (b) within 14 days of the change.\n\n(2) A Trust must give the Minister a copy of a unanimous resolution within 14 days of the meeting at which the resolution is agreed to.\n\n(3) A Trust must give the Minister a copy of a resolution under section 11(4) within 14 days of the meeting at which the resolution is agreed to.\n\n**Note**\n\nFailure to provide the documents referred to in subsections (1) and (2) to the Minister constitutes an offence under section 25(2)(f).\n\nS. 24AA inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 32.\n\n\t24AA Minister to keep records\n\n(1) The Minister must keep in the Office of the Department the following documents in respect of each Trust—\n\n(a) if there is a committee of management, a record of the name, occupation and address of—\n\n(i) the Chairperson of the Trust; and\n\n(ii) the Secretary of the Trust; and\n\n(iii) any other member of the committee of management;\n\n(b) a record of the address of the office of the Trust;\n\n(c) a copy of the most recent balance-sheet and profit and loss account prepared under section 18A(2) and the reports by the committee of management and auditor annexed to those documents;\n\nS. 24AA(1)(d) substituted by No. 29/2024 s. 18(1).\n\n(d) a copy of the strategic plan;\n\nS. 24AA(1)(e) repealed by No. 29/2024 s. 18(2).\n\n* * * * *\n\n(f) a copy of a unanimous resolution of the Trust;\n\n(g) a copy of a resolution under section 11(4);\n\n(h) if there is a board as Administrator, a copy of the rules of the board.\n\n(2) The documents under subsection (1) must be available for inspection on request by any person during ordinary business hours.\n\n(3) A copy of a unanimous resolution of a Trust kept by the Minister is evidence that the unanimous resolution was duly agreed to by the Trust.\n\n(4) A copy of a resolution of a Trust under section 11(4) kept by the Minister is evidence that the resolution was duly agreed to by the Trust.\n\nHeading preceding s. 24 inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 32.\n\nService on Trust\n\nS. 24 amended by No. 8177 s. 4, substituted by No. 33/2013 s. 32.\n\n","sortOrder":50},{"sectionNumber":"24","sectionType":"section","heading":"Service on Trust","content":"\t24 Service on Trust\n\nAny document, including any summons, notice, order or other legal process, may be served on a Trust by leaving the document at the place which is shown in the record referred to in section 24AA(1)(b) as the office of the Trust, or by sending it by registered post addressed to the Trust at that place.\n\nHeading preceding s. 24A inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 33.\n\nAccess to Lake Tyers Reserve\n\nS. 24A inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 8.\n\n","sortOrder":51},{"sectionNumber":"24A","sectionType":"section","heading":"Access to designated places within Lake Tyers reserve","content":"\t24A Access to designated places within Lake Tyers reserve\n\n(1) The Minister, by notice published in the Government Gazette, may declare any place within the Lake Tyers reserve that is not a residential premises to be a designated place for the purposes of this section.\n\n(2) The Minister must consult with the members of the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust and the residents of the Lake Tyers reserve before declaring a place to be a designated place under subsection (1).\n\n(3) Despite anything to the contrary in this Act but subject to this section—\n\n(a) a public official exercising or performing a function or power conferred on the person by or under any Act, or regulations made under any Act, or at law, may enter and remain in a designated place within the Lake Tyers reserve;\n\n(b) a non-government health and community service provider providing health and community services to the residents of the Lake Tyers reserve, may enter and remain in a designated place within the Lake Tyers reserve.\n\n(4) A person referred to in subsection (3) must not remain in a designated place any longer than is reasonably necessary—\n\n(a) in the case of a public official, to exercise or perform the relevant function or power; or\n\n(b) in the case of a non-government health and community service provider, to provide the relevant health and community services to the residents of the Lake Tyers reserve.\n\n(5) In this section—\n\n***designated place*** means a place declared under subsection (1) to be a designated place;\n\n***non-government health and community service provider*** means a person who, under an agreement with the Commonwealth, the State or the municipal council in whose municipal district the Lake Tyers reserve is located, provides health and community services to the residents of the Lake Tyers reserve or a class of persons that includes the residents of the Lake Tyers reserve;\n\n***public official*** means a person who exercises or performs a function or power conferred on the person by or under any Act, or regulations made under any Act, or at law.\n\nS. 24B inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 9.\n\n","sortOrder":52},{"sectionNumber":"24B","sectionType":"section","heading":"Survey plan of Lake Tyers reserve roads","content":"\t24B Survey plan of Lake Tyers reserve roads\n\nS. 24B(1) amended by No. 53/2017 s. 67.\n\n(1) On receiving a plan of survey, signed by the Surveyor-General, of the land shown hatched on the plan numbered LEGL./04–270 and lodged in the Central Plan Office, or that land as nearly as practicable, the Minister may recommend that the Governor in Council approves the plan.\n\n(2) A plan under this section may make any adjustment to boundaries that is necessary because of a defect found on survey.\n\n(3) For the purposes of this section, the Governor in Council, on the Minister's recommendation, may approve a plan by Order published in the Government Gazette.\n\nS. 24C inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 9.\n\n","sortOrder":53},{"sectionNumber":"24C","sectionType":"section","heading":"Lake Tyers reserve roads to be public roads","content":"\t24C Lake Tyers reserve roads to be public roads\n\n(1) Despite anything to the contrary in this Act, on and from the date of publication in the Government Gazette of the Order under section 24B(3)—\n\n(a) the Lake Tyers reserve roads—\n\n(i) are deemed to be roads open to and for use by the public, and for passage with vehicles; and\n\n(ii) are deemed to be highways within the meaning of the **Road Safety Act 1986**; and\n\n(iii) are to be treated, for the purposes of the **Road Management Act 2004**, as if they were roads declared under section 204(1) of the **Local Government Act 1989**; and\n\n(b) section 205 of the **Local Government Act 1989** applies to the Lake Tyers reserve roads as if they were public highways within the meaning of that Act; and\n\n(c) the municipal council in whose municipal district the Lake Tyers reserve roads are located is deemed to be, in respect of those roads, the coordinating road authority and responsible road authority for the purposes of the **Road Management Act 2004**.\n\n(2) Despite subsection (1)(a)(iii) and (1)(b), clause 1(4) of Schedule 5 to the **Road Management Act 2004** does not operate to vest, in fee simple, the Lake Tyers reserve roads in the municipal council in whose district the Lake Tyers reserve roads are located.\n\n(3) Despite anything to the contrary in the **Local Government Act 1989**, the municipal council that is, in respect of the Lake Tyers reserve roads, deemed to be the coordinating road authority and responsible road authority for the purposes of the **Road Management Act 2004** must not discontinue the Lake Tyers reserve roads or any part of those roads.\n\nS. 24D inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 9.\n\n","sortOrder":54},{"sectionNumber":"24D","sectionType":"section","heading":"Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust is not liable as an occupier in relation to Lake Tyers reserve roads","content":"\t24D Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust is not liable as an occupier in relation to Lake Tyers reserve roads\n\nFor the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby declared that for the purposes of section 14B of the **Wrongs Act 1958**—\n\n(a) the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust is not an occupier of the Lake Tyers reserve roads; and\n\n(b) the Lake Tyers reserve roads are not premises.\n\nS. 24E inserted by No. 58/2004 s. 9.\n\n","sortOrder":55},{"sectionNumber":"24E","sectionType":"section","heading":"Partial abrogation of *ratione tenure* rule for the Lake Tyers reserve roads","content":"\t24E Partial abrogation of *ratione tenure* rule for the Lake Tyers reserve roads\n\nThe Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust is not liable for the maintenance of the Lake Tyers reserve roads only by reason of tenure over the land in those roads.\n\nHeading preceding s. 24F inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 13.\n\nCompliance exemption or extension\n\nS. 24F inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 13.\n\n","sortOrder":56},{"sectionNumber":"24F","sectionType":"section","heading":"Minister may exempt from compliance or extend time for compliance with certain Act requirements","content":"\t24F Minister may exempt from compliance or extend time for compliance with certain Act requirements\n\n(1) A Trust may apply to the Minister for an exemption from, or an extension of time to comply with, any of the following—\n\n(a) a requirement under section 18C to lay any document referred to in that section before the annual general meeting of the Trust;\n\n(b) a requirement under section 21A relating to the preparation or submission of a draft strategic plan;\n\n(c) a requirement under section 23S to give the Minister any document referred to in that section;\n\n(d) a requirement under section 23T to give the Minister any information or document referred to in that section.\n\n(2) An application under subsection (1) must—\n\n(a) be in writing; and\n\n(b) identify the provision in relation to which the Trust is seeking an exemption or extension; and\n\n(c) specify whether an exemption or extension is sought; and\n\n(d) outline the reason for the exemption or extension; and\n\n(e) specify the period for which the exemption or extension is sought, which must not exceed 12 months.\n\n(3) The Minister, in the Minister's complete discretion and if satisfied that it is appropriate in the circumstances to do so, by written notice may—\n\n(a) exempt the Trust from a provision of this Act; or\n\n(b) extend the time period for the Trust to comply with a provision of this Act.\n\n(4) A written notice of an exemption or extension under subsection (3) must specify the period for which the exemption or extension applies, which must not exceed 12 months.\n\n(5) If a Trust receives an exemption or an extension under this section, the Trust must not apply for another exemption or extension within 12 months of that first exemption or extension.\n\nHeading preceding s. 25 inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 34.\n\nOffences\n\n","sortOrder":57},{"sectionNumber":"25","sectionType":"section","heading":"Offences","content":"\t25 Offences\n\nS. 25(1) substituted by No. 58/2004 s. 10(1).\n\n(1) A Trust which contravenes this Act in any manner referred to in subsection (2), and every officer of the Trust who knowingly authorises or permits the contravention, shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding 10 penalty units.\n\n(2) The contraventions to which subsection (1) applies are as follows—\n\n(a) failing to keep proper books of account;\n\nS. 25(2)(b) amended by No. 58/2004 s. 10(2).\n\n(b) failing to establish or maintain a register of members;\n\n(c) failing to hold an annual general meeting in any year;\n\nS. 25(2)(ca) inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 10.\n\n(ca) failing to hold an additional general meeting in any year as required under section 22(7) without an exemption under section 22A;\n\nS. 25(2)(d) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 35(a).\n\n(d) failing to cause to be laid before any annual general meeting the balance-sheet profit and loss account and reports required to be laid before the meeting by section 18C;\n\n(e) failing to appoint at any annual general meeting an auditor to fill any vacancy which exists at the time of the annual general meeting;\n\nS. 25(2)(f) amended by No. 33/2013 s. 35(b).\n\n(f) failing to supply or deliver to the Minister any particulars or documents required to be supplied or delivered to the Minister under section 23S(1) or 23T(1) or (2); and\n\n(g) making any payment from the funds of the Trust which is not authorized by this Act.\n\n(3) In this section ***officer*** of a Trust includes a member of the committee of management and the Secretary.\n\nS. 25(4) amended by Nos 57/1989  \ns. 3(Sch. item 2.1(a)(b)), 68/2009 s. 97(Sch. item 2).\n\n(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Act, a charge-sheet charging an offence against this Act may be filed at any time within three years after the date on which the offence was committed.\n\nS. 26  \nrepealed by No. 8606 s. 10.\n\n* * * * *\n\nHeading preceding s. 27 inserted by No. 33/2013 s. 36.\n\nRelief\n\n","sortOrder":58},{"sectionNumber":"27","sectionType":"section","heading":"Court may grant relief to persons aggrieved in certain circumstances","content":"\t27 Court may grant relief to persons aggrieved in certain circumstances\n\nS. 27(1) amended by Nos 110/1986 s. 140(2), 33/2013 s. 37, 29/2024 s. 30(6).\n\n(1) A member of a Trust who complains that the affairs of the Trust are being conducted in a manner oppressive to one or more of the members (including the complainant) may apply to the Supreme Court for an order under this section and, if the Court is of opinion that the affairs of the Trust are being so conducted and that it would be just and equitable to make an order under this section, the Court may make such order as the Court thinks fit whether for regulating the affairs of the Trust in future or for the purchase of the shares of any members by other members or by the Trust, or otherwise.\n\nS. 27(2) amended by Nos 110/1986 s. 140(2), 57/1989  \ns. 3(Sch. item 2.2).\n\n(2) Any person (whether a member of a Trust or not) who is aggrieved by anything which the Trust has done or failed to do in contravention of this Act may apply to the Supreme Court for an order under this section and, if the Court is of the opinion that the Trust has contravened this Act and that the person aggrieved has suffered injustice on that account, the Court may make such order as appears to the Court to be necessary to give proper relief to the person aggrieved.\n\nHeading preceding s. 28 repealed by No. 9863 s. 2, new heading preceding s. 28 inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 28.\n\nGeneral\n\nS. 28 repealed by No. 9863 s. 2, new s. 28 inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 28.\n\n","sortOrder":59},{"sectionNumber":"28","sectionType":"section","heading":"Regulations","content":"\t28 Regulations\n\n(1) The Governor in Council may make regulations for or with respect to the following—\n\n(a) prescribing the form of an instrument of transfer;\n\n(b) prescribing information or supporting documents to accompany an instrument of transfer;\n\n(c) prescribing any other matter relating to the transfer of shares;\n\n(d) generally prescribing any other matter or thing required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed or necessary to be prescribed to give effect to this Act.\n\n(2) The regulations may—\n\n(a) be of general or limited application;\n\n(b) differ according to differences in time, place or circumstance;\n\n(c) confer a discretionary authority or impose a duty on a specified person or body or a specified class of person or body;\n\n(d) leave any matter or thing to be from time to time determined, approved or dispensed with by a specified person or body or a specified class of person or body;\n\n(e) provide in a specified case or class of case for the exemption of persons, bodies or things or a class of persons, bodies or things from any of the provisions of the regulations—\n\n(i) whether unconditionally or on specified conditions; and\n\n(ii) either wholly or to the extent specified in the regulations;\n\n(f) require a matter in the regulations to be—\n\n(i) in accordance with a specified standard or specified requirement; or\n\n(ii) approved by or to the satisfaction of a specified person or body or a specified class of person or body; or\n\n(iii) as specified in both subparagraphs (i) and (ii);\n\n(g) apply, adopt or incorporate any matter contained in any document, whether—\n\n(i) wholly or partially or as amended by the regulations; or\n\n(ii) as formulated, issued, prescribed or published at a particular time or as in force from time to time.\n\nS. 29 repealed by No. 9863 s. 2, new s. 29 inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 28.\n\n","sortOrder":60},{"sectionNumber":"29","sectionType":"section","heading":"Review of operation of Act","content":"\t29 Review of operation of Act\n\n(1) The Minister must cause a review of the operation of this Act to be undertaken every 5 years.\n\n(2) The first review must be undertaken as soon as possible after the fifth anniversary of the day on which the **Aboriginal Land Legislation Amendment Act 2024** receives the Royal Assent.\n\n(3) The person who undertakes each review must give the Minister a written report of the review.\n\n(4) The Minister must cause a copy of the report of a review to be tabled before each House of the Parliament within 12 months after the end of each 5 year period for the review.\n\nHeading preceding s. 30 inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 28.\n\nTransitional matters\n\nS. 30 inserted by No. 29/2024 s. 28.\n\n","sortOrder":61},{"sectionNumber":"30","sectionType":"section","heading":"Aboriginal Land Legislation Amendment Act 2024—constitution of board appointed as Administrator","content":"\t30 Aboriginal Land Legislation Amendment Act 2024—constitution of board appointed as Administrator\n\n(1) This section applies if a board of persons is acting as Administrator of a Trust on the commencement of Part 2 of the **Aboriginal Land Legislation Amendment Act 2024**.\n\n(2) On and from the commencement of Part 2 of the **Aboriginal Land Legislation Amendment Act 2024**, the board is taken to be the same body as it was immediately before that commencement, despite the changes to the constitution or quorum of the board made by that Act, and no decision, matter or thing is to be affected because of those changes.\n\n(3) The members of the board holding office immediately before the commencement of Part 2 of the **Aboriginal Land Legislation Amendment Act 2024** continue to hold office as members after that commencement on the same terms and conditions on which they held office as members immediately before that commencement.\n\nSchedules\n\nFirst Schedule—Framlingham Reserve\n\n![]()\n\nSecond Schedule—Lake Tyers Reserve\n\n![]()\n\n\n\nEndnotes\n\n","sortOrder":62},{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"General information","content":"1 General information\n\nSee [www.legislation.vic.gov.au](http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au) for Victorian Bills, Acts and current Versions of legislation and up-to-date legislative information.\n\nThe **Aboriginal Lands Act 1970** was assented to on 8 December 1970 and came into operation on the date of assent.\n\nINTERPRETATION OF LEGISLATION ACT 1984 (ILA)\n\nStyle changes\n\nSection 54A of the ILA authorises the making of the style changes set out in Schedule 1 to that Act.\n\nReferences to ILA s. 39B\n\nSidenotes which cite ILA s. 39B refer to section 39B of the ILA which provides that where an undivided section or clause of a Schedule is amended by the insertion of one or more subsections or subclauses, the original section or clause becomes subsection or subclause (1) and is amended by the insertion of the expression \"(1)\" at the beginning of the original section or clause.\n\nInterpretation\n\nAs from 1 January 2001, amendments to section 36 of the ILA have the following effects:\n\n• Headings\n\nAll headings included in an Act which is passed on or after 1 January 2001 form part of that Act. Any heading inserted in an Act which was passed before 1 January 2001, by an Act passed on or after 1 January 2001, forms part of that Act. This includes headings to Parts, Divisions or Subdivisions in a Schedule; sections; clauses; items; tables; columns; examples; diagrams; notes or forms. See section 36(1A)(2A).\n\n• Examples, diagrams or notes\n\nAll examples, diagrams or notes included in an Act which is passed on or after 1 January 2001 form part of that Act. Any examples, diagrams or notes inserted in an Act which was passed before 1 January 2001, by an Act passed on or after 1 January 2001, form part of that Act. See section 36(3A).\n\n• Punctuation\n\nAll punctuation included in an Act which is passed on or after 1 January 2001 forms part of that Act. Any punctuation inserted in an Act which was passed before 1 January 2001, by an Act passed on or after 1 January 2001, forms part of that Act. See section 36(3B).\n\n• Provision numbers\n\nAll provision numbers included in an Act form part of that Act, whether inserted in the Act before, on or after 1 January 2001. Provision numbers include section numbers, subsection numbers, paragraphs and subparagraphs. See section 36(3C).\n\n• Location of \"legislative items\"\n\nA \"legislative item\" is a penalty, an example or a note. As from 13 October 2004, a legislative item relating to a provision of an Act is taken to be at the foot of that provision even if it is preceded or followed by another legislative item that relates to that provision. For example, if a penalty at the foot of a provision is followed by a note, both of these legislative items will be regarded as being at the foot of that provision. See section 36B.\n\n• Other material\n\nAny explanatory memorandum, table of provisions, endnotes, index and other material printed after the Endnotes does not form part of an Act.  \nSee section 36(3)(3D)(3E).\n\n","sortOrder":63},{"sectionNumber":"2","sectionType":"section","heading":"Table of Amendments","content":"2 Table of Amendments\n\nThis publication incorporates amendments made to the **Aboriginal Lands Act 1970** by Acts and subordinate instruments.\n\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n\n**Aboriginal Lands (Amendment) Act 1971, No. 8177/1971**\n\n| Assent Date: | 23.11.71 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 23.11.71 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Aboriginal Affairs (Transfer of Functions) Act 1974, No. 8606/1974**\n\n| Assent Date: | 3.12.74 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 10 on 14.12.74: Government Gazette 13.12.74 p. 4297 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Aboriginal Lands Act 1970** |\n\n\n**Statute Law Revision (Repeals) Act 1983, No. 9863/1983**\n\n| Assent Date: | 5.1.83 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 5.1.83 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Supreme Court Act 1986, No. 110/1986**\n\n| Assent Date: | 16.12.86 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 1.1.87: s. 2 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Magistrates' Court (Consequential Amendments) Act 1989, No. 57/1989**\n\n| Assent Date: | 14.6.89 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 4(1)(a)–(e)(2) on 1.9.89: Government Gazette 30.8.89 p. 2210; rest of Act on 1.9.90: Government Gazette 25.7.90 p. 2217 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Trustee and Trustee Companies (Amendment) Act 1995, No. 104/1995**\n\n| Assent Date: | 5.12.95 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 1.1.96: s. 2 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Statute Law Amendment (Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions) Act 2001, No. 11/2001**\n\n| Assent Date: | 8.5.01 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 3(Sch. item 1) on 1.6.01: s. 2(2) |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Aboriginal Lands Act 1970** |\n\n\n**Aboriginal Lands (Amendment) Act 2004, No. 58/2004**\n\n| Assent Date: | 12.10.04 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 4.11.04: Government Gazette 4.11.04 p. 3048 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Criminal Procedure Amendment (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Act 2009, No. 68/2009**\n\n| Assent Date: | 24.11.09 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 97(Sch. item 2) on 1.1.10: Government Gazette 10.12.09 p. 3215 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Aboriginal Lands Act 1970** |\n\n\n**Aboriginal Lands Amendment Act 2013, No. 33/2013**\n\n| Assent Date: | 18.6.13 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | 1.7.13: s. 2 |\n| Current State: | All of Act in operation |\n\n\n**Privacy and Data Protection Act 2014, No. 60/2014**\n\n| Assent Date: | 2.9.14 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 140(Sch. 3 item 1) on 17.9.14: Special Gazette (No. 317) 16.9.14 p. 1 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Aboriginal Lands Act 1970** |\n\n\n**Statute Law Revision Act 2015, No. 21/2015**\n\n| Assent Date: | 16.6.15 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 3(Sch. 1 item 1) on 1.8.15: s. 2(1) |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Aboriginal Lands Act 1970** |\n\n\n**Parks and Crown Land Legislation Amendment Act 2017, No. 53/2017**\n\n| Assent Date: | 24.10.17 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | S. 67 on 15.12.17: Special Gazette (No. 433) 12.12.17 p. 1 |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Aboriginal Lands Act 1970** |\n\n\n**Aboriginal Land Legislation Amendment Act 2024, No. 29/2024**\n\n| Assent Date: | 3.9.24 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Commencement Date: | Ss 3–30 on 28.5.25: s. 2(2) |\n| Current State: | This information relates only to the provision/s amending the **Aboriginal Lands Act 1970** |\n\n\n–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\n\n","sortOrder":64},{"sectionNumber":"3","sectionType":"section","heading":"Explanatory details","content":"3 Explanatory details\n\n1. Preamble (a): Government Gazette 1 February 1967 page 266. [↑](#endnote-ref-2)\n\n2. Preamble (b): Government Gazette 26 May 1965 page 1664. [↑](#endnote-ref-3)","sortOrder":65}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":7,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The legislation has grown significantly beyond its original 1970 purpose of simply vesting land in Trusts. The original Act was primarily concerned with land transfer and basic corporate structure. Through amendments—particularly in 2004, 2013, and 2024—it has expanded to include: comprehensive financial reporting and auditing requirements; strategic planning obligations; detailed governance codes including conflict-of-interest rules; independent investigation powers; complex administrative intervention mechanisms (Administrators and boards); public road access arrangements for Lake Tyers; and modern relationship recognition (domestic partners). The 2024 amendments alone added 15 new sections and extensively modified definitions, shifting the Act from a simple land-holding vehicle to a sophisticated corporate governance regime with ministerial oversight comparable to modern corporations law."},"complexity_factors":["Lengthy amendment history with 15+ amending Acts since 1970, creating layered and sometimes inconsistent drafting styles","27 defined terms in section 2, including complex relational definitions (e.g., 'domestic partner' referencing the Relationships Act 2008)","Extensive cross-referencing between Parts, particularly between governance sections (15-15A), administration sections (23A-23R), and financial sections (18-21)","Nested conditional logic in share transfer restrictions (section 14) with multiple permitted transferee categories and exceptions","Dual governance structures (committee of management vs. Administrator) with overlapping but distinct powers, requiring careful parsing of which body has authority when","Multiple quorum calculations varying by context: general meetings (section 23), committee meetings (section 15), and board meetings (section 23O) each have different rules","Ministerial discretion powers scattered throughout (sections 22A, 23B, 24F) with varying thresholds ('reasonable grounds', 'complete discretion', 'satisfied that it is appropriate')","Transitional provisions (section 30) preserving pre-existing administrative arrangements despite structural changes","Interaction with multiple external statutes (Corporations Act, Road Management Act, Wrongs Act, Privacy and Data Protection Act) creating implicit compliance obligations"],"plain_english_summary":"The Aboriginal Lands Act 1970 transfers ownership of Framlingham and Lake Tyers reserve lands from the Crown to two community-controlled corporations—the Framlingham and Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trusts—giving Aboriginal residents collective title and a share-based interest in trust assets.  \n\nIt sets local governance via elected committees, limits share transfers to community channels, and gives the Minister powers to ensure compliance (including appointing an Administrator). The Act was a landmark step toward Aboriginal land ownership and self-management in Victoria."},"issue_detection":{"absurdities":[],"contradictions":[]},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":8,"scope_assessment":{"changed":true,"description":"The Act's original mechanics—vesting two reserves in resident Trusts and setting basic governance—have been extended by later amendments to add stronger state oversight and corporate‑style obligations. New elements include strategic planning and Ministerial approval (ss 21A–21B), independent investigations and investigatory reporting powers (ss 23AAB–23AAC), explicit powers to appoint an Administrator or board with detailed constitution and quorum rules (ss 23B, 23M–23O), broadened reporting and inspection duties (ss 18A, 23S, 23T, 13B), and Lake Tyers‑specific access and public road treatment (ss 24A–24C). These changes increase compliance costs for Trusts (audit, reporting, governance) and expand discretionary decision‑making by the Minister (appointment, exemptions, approvals)."},"complexity_factors":["Layered governance regimes: member registers, share regime and transfer restrictions (ss 3, 12–14)","Detailed committee and board rules with staggered terms, conflict declarations and quorum rules (ss 15, 15A, 23M–23P, 23O)","Extensive Ministerial discretions and intervention powers (approval of strategic plans s 21B; notices and Administrator appointment ss 23A, 23B, 24F)","Independent audit and investigation powers and protections (ss 23AAB–23AAC, 23AAD, 23AAE)","Financial reporting, consolidated accounting for related entities and mandatory audits (ss 18, 18A–18C, 19, 19A)","Complex transfer valuation and share purchase mechanics requiring auditor valuation (ss 14, 20)","Specific Crown grant, reservation and licence rules and road/access carve‑outs for Lake Tyers (ss 9, 24A–24E)","Penalties, enforcement, court relief and periodic statutory review obligations (ss 25, 27, 29)","Interplay with Commonwealth and other State Acts (Corporations Act, Trustee Act, Road Management Act references; s 11(1)(ba) and others)","Numerous later amendments and transitional provisions increasing cross‑references and conditional rules (e.g. Aboriginal Land Legislation Amendment Act 2024 provisions; s 30)"],"plain_english_summary":"Mechanically, this Act converts the Framlingham and Lake Tyers reserves into two corporate Aboriginal Trusts and transfers title and control to those Trusts; it prescribes membership, shares, committee governance, land‑transaction rules, financial reporting, and sanctions.  It affects reserve residents and Trust members, Trust officers and the Minister; it matters because it fixes who decides about land and business activity, who bears compliance and audit costs, and gives the Minister powers to require compliance or appoint an Administrator."}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/aboriginal-lands-act-1970","history":"/api/acts/aboriginal-lands-act-1970/history","analysis":"/api/acts/aboriginal-lands-act-1970/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/aboriginal-lands-act-1970/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/aboriginal-lands-act-1970/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/aboriginal-lands-act-1970/documents"}}