{"id":"F2016L01585","name":"Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Regulation 2016","slug":"aboriginal-land-grant-jervis-bay-territory-regulation-2016","collection":"legislative_instrument","jurisdiction":"commonwealth","status":"in_force","isInForce":true,"actNumber":null,"makingDate":null,"administeringDepartment":null,"currentVersion":{"id":438972,"registerId":"F2016L01585-fast-fetch-1775955171552","compilationNumber":null,"startDate":"2026-04-12","status":"InForce","reasons":null,"registeredAt":null},"sections":[{"sectionNumber":"1","sectionType":"section","heading":"Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Regulation 2016","content":"---\nmeta-content-style-type: text/css\nmeta-content-type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8\n---\n\n?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n\n![](image.001.jpeg)\n\n \n\nAboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Regulation 2016\n\nI, General the Honourable Sir Peter Cosgrove AK MC (Ret’d), Governor‑General of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, make the following regulation.\n\nDated 28 September 2016\n\nPeter Cosgrove\n\nGovernor‑General\n\nBy His Excellency’s Command\n\nNigel Scullion\n\nMinister for Indigenous Affairs\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nContents\n\n1 Name\n\n2 Commencement\n\n3 Authority\n\n4 Schedules\n\n5 Definitions\n\n6 Penalties for offences against the By‑Laws\n\nSchedule 1—Repeals\n\nAboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Regulations 2006\n\n \n\n1  Name\n\n  This is the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Regulation 2016.\n\n2  Commencement\n\n (1) Each provision of this instrument specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.\n\n \n\n- Commencement information\n- Column 1 Column 2 Column 3\n- Provisions Commencement Date/Details\n- 1. The whole of this instrument The day after this instrument is registered. 5 October 2016\n\n\nNote: This table relates only to the provisions of this instrument as originally made. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this instrument.\n\n (2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this instrument. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this instrument.\n\n3  Authority\n\n  This instrument is made under the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986.\n\n4  Schedules\n\n  Each instrument that is specified in a Schedule to this instrument is amended or repealed as set out in the applicable items in the Schedule concerned, and any other item in a Schedule to this instrument has effect according to its terms.\n\n5  Definitions\n\n  In this instrument:\n\nAct means the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986.\n\nBy‑Laws means the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) By‑Laws 2016.\n\n6  Penalties for offences against the By‑Laws\n\n  For the purposes of subsection 52A(7) of the Act, the maximum penalty that may be imposed on a person for an offence against the provision of the By‑Laws specified in an item in the following table is the penalty specified in that item.\n\n \n\n- Penalties for offences against the By‑Laws\n- Item Provision Penalty (penalty units)\n- 1 Subsection 20(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 2 Subsection 21(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 3 Subsection 22(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 4 Subsection 23(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 5 Subsection 24(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 6 Subsection 24(2) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 7 Subsection 24(3) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 8 Subsection 25(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 9 Subsection 26(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 10 Subsection 27(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 11 Subsection 28(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 12 Subsection 29(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 13 Subsection 29(5) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 14 Subsection 29(6) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 15 Subsection 30(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 16 Subsection 31(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 17 Subsection 32(2) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 18 Subsection 33(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 19 Subsection 34(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 20 Subsection 34(6) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 21 Subsection 35(2) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 22 Subsection 36(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 23 Subsection 37(1) For a natural person 5\n- 24 Subsection 38(1) For a natural person 5\n- 25 Subsection 38(3) For a natural person 5\n- 26 Subsection 38(5) For a natural person 5\n- 27 Subsection 38(7) For a natural person 5\n- 28 Subsection 39(2) For a natural person 5\n- 29 Subsection 40(1) For a natural person 5\n- 30 Subsection 40(2) For a natural person 5\n- 31 Subsection 40(3) For a natural person 5\n- 32 Subsection 40(4) For a natural person 5\n- 33 Subsection 40(5) For a natural person 5\n- 34 Subsection 40(6) For a natural person 5\n- 35 Subsection 42(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 36 Subsection 43(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 37 Subsection 44(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 38 Subsection 45(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 39 Subsection 46(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 40 Subsection 47(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 41 Subsection 47(2) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 42 Subsection 48(1) For a natural person 5\n- 43 Subsection 49(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 44 Subsection 50(1) For a natural person 5\n- 45 Subsection 50(2) For a natural person 5\n- 46 Subsection 53(1) For a natural person 5\n- 47 Subsection 53(2) For a natural person 5\n- 48 Subsection 54(1) For a natural person 5\n- 49 Subsection 55(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 50 Subsection 56(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 51 Subsection 57(2) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 52 Subsection 58(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 15\n- 53 Subsection 58(2) For a natural person 1\n- 54 Subsection 58(4) For a natural person 1\n- 55 Subsection 58(7) For a natural person 1\n- 56 Subsection 58(8) For a natural person 1\n- 57 Subsection 61(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 58 Subsection 62(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 59 Subsection 63(2) For a natural person 5\n- 60 Subsection 67(1) For a natural person 5\n- 61 Subsection 67(2) For a natural person 5\n- 62 Subsection 67(3) For a natural person 5\n- 63 Subsection 67(4) For a natural person 5\n- 64 Subsection 67(5) For a natural person 5\n- 65 Subsection 67(6) For a natural person 5\n- 66 Subsection 68(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 67 Subsection 68(2) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 68 Subsection 69(3) For a natural person 5\n- 69 Subsection 69(5) For a natural person 5\n- 70 Subsection 79(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 71 Subsection 86(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 72 Subsection 86(3) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 73 Subsection 88(1) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n- 74 Subsection 88(2) For a natural personFor a corporation 525\n\n\n\n\nSchedule 1—Repeals\n\n \n\nAboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Regulations 2006\n\n1  The whole of the Regulations\n\nRepeal the Regulations.\n\n \n","sortOrder":0}],"analysis":{"flash_summary_failed":{"failed":true,"reason":"Unauthenticated. Configure AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY or use a provider module. Learn more: https://ai-sdk.dev/unauthenticated-ai-gateway","source":"analysis-cron"},"kimi_summary":{"content_quality":"ok","complexity_score":2,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This regulation maintains the original scope of the 2006 regulations it replaces. It performs the same narrow function: setting penalties for by-law breaches. There is no expansion into new policy areas."},"complexity_factors":["Very short instrument (approximately 3 pages)","Only 2 substantive provisions: definitions (section 5) and penalty table (section 6)","No conditional logic or nested exceptions","Minimal cross-referencing (only references to the parent Act and the By-Laws)","Straightforward tabular format for penalties","Single repeal provision with no transitional arrangements"],"plain_english_summary":"This regulation repeals the 2006 Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Regulations and adopts a 2016 replacement that gives legal force to the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) By-Laws 2016. It creates penalties (in penalty units) for visitors, the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community and companies operating on Aboriginal land in Jervis Bay, making by-laws enforceable.\n\nFines range from 1 penalty unit (about $180) to 25 units (about $4,500), higher for corporations, to protect cultural sites, environment and community order."},"flash_summary":{"complexity_score":3,"scope_assessment":{"changed":false,"description":"This regulation replaces the 2006 Regulations and formally specifies maximum penalties for offences against the 2016 By‑Laws. That is consistent with the instrument’s ordinary delegated function under the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986 (i.e. to make regulations, including setting penalty ceilings). It modernises and consolidates the regulatory instruments but does not broaden the substantive scope beyond what the Act and the By‑Laws allow."},"complexity_factors":["Very short instrument (6 substantive sections plus one Schedule)","Only 2 defined terms in section 5 (Act; By‑Laws)","Primary substantive content is a single penalty table in section 6","Penalty table lists 74 items mapping By‑Law subsections to penalty maxima (numerous repetitive entries)","One cross‑reference to the parent Act (subsection 52A(7)) and multiple cross‑references to By‑Law subsections","Schedule 1 repeals the 2006 Regulations (simple replacement rather than complex amendment)","Low conditionality or nested exceptions — few qualifications or multi‑tiered tests"],"plain_english_summary":"**What this regulation does (mechanically)**\n\n- This instrument is a short regulation made under the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986.  (See sections 1–4.)\n- It: (a) names the instrument and fixes its commencement date; (b) defines two terms used in the regulation; (c) prescribes the maximum penalties that a court may impose for specified offences against the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) By‑Laws 2016; and (d) repeals the 2006 Regulations. (See sections 1–6 and Schedule 1.)\n- The core legal effect is in section 6: it lists particular subsections of the By‑Laws and states the maximum penalty (in penalty units) that may be imposed for an offence against each listed provision. Many listed offences carry the same high maximum (525 penalty units) while others carry much smaller maxima (1, 5 or 15 penalty units).\n\n**Who this affects**\n\n- People and entities who live in, visit, use land in, or carry out activities in the Jervis Bay Territory that are regulated by the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) By‑Laws 2016. Those individuals or corporations who breach the specified By‑Law provisions are potentially liable to fines up to the amounts set in section 6.\n- Courts (or other decision‑makers empowered to impose penalties) who will apply these maximums when sentencing for By‑Law offences.\n- Commonwealth enforcement agencies and local administrators responsible for detecting breaches and taking enforcement action.\n\n**Why it matters (official claim, then practical consequences)**\n\n- Officially: the regulation gives legal force to maximum penalties for particular By‑Law breaches and modernises the regulatory framework by repealing the 2006 Regulations. That allows the By‑Laws to have specified statutory penalty ceilings. (See section 6 and Schedule 1.)\n\n- Practically: setting maximum penalties changes the incentives and costs associated with behaviour on the land governed by the By‑Laws. Offenders face the risk of significant monetary sanctions for some breaches (notably many items with 525 penalty units). The regulation does not itself create the offences — the By‑Laws do — but it fixes how large fines can be.\n\n**Who pays, who decides, and what behaviour changes**\n\n- Who pays: individuals or corporations convicted of the specified By‑Law offences pay fines up to the listed penalty units.\n- Who decides: courts (or other authorised penalty‑imposing bodies) decide whether an offence occurred and what penalty up to the listed maximum to impose. The regulation supplies maximum ceilings only; actual penalties will depend on prosecutorial decisions and judicial sentencing within those ceilings.\n- Behaviour changes: larger maximum penalties increase the legal and financial risk of non‑compliance. That creates a deterrent against the proscribed conduct, and may push regulated parties either to comply, obtain approvals where required, or avoid activities that risk breaching the By‑Laws.\n\n**Costs, incentives and trade‑offs**\n\n- Direct costs fall on those found to have breached the By‑Laws (fines), and indirectly on persons or businesses who change behaviour to avoid risk (compliance costs, administrative costs, possible opportunity costs).\n- Enforcement costs are borne by the agencies responsible for detection, investigation and prosecution. If enforcement is limited, high statutory maxima may be largely symbolic; if enforcement is active, the fines become an effective regulatory lever.\n- The regulation concentrates its punitive power by attaching very large maximum penalties to many provisions (525 penalty units). Whether that is proportionate depends on the text and seriousness of the underlying By‑Law offences — this regulation does not set penalty rationales or gradations beyond the numeric ceilings.\n- There is potential for substitution effects: entities may alter where or how they do activities (including shifting to other jurisdictions or modes of operation) to avoid the regulatory regime.\n\n**Implementation and compliance risks**\n\n- The regulation is short and depends on the detail of the By‑Laws. Uncertainty about the real‑world impact comes mostly from the By‑Laws’ content and from how vigorously authorities enforce breaches.\n- Administrative clarity: the regulation cross‑references many subsections of the By‑Laws. Effective use requires that enforcement officers, prosecutors and courts correctly map alleged conduct to the listed By‑Law subsections.\n- Disproportionality risk: High maximums (525 penalty units) for many items could lead to perceived or actual disproportionality between penalty and offence if the offence is minor; whether that occurs depends on prosecutorial and judicial practice.\n\n**Key sections to read**\n\n- Section 6 (Penalties for offences against the By‑Laws) — lists the By‑Law subsections and the maximum penalty units for each.\n- Schedule 1 — repeals the 2006 Regulations.\n- Section 5 (Definitions) — defines Act and By‑Laws as used in the instrument.\n\n**What this instrument does not do**\n\n- It does not itself create the substantive criminal offences — those are in the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) By‑Laws 2016. It only sets maximum penalties for certain By‑Law subsections and repeals the 2006 Regulations.\n- It does not set the monetary value of a penalty unit (that value is set elsewhere) nor does it allocate enforcement resources.\n\n(Analyst note: the regulation is a delegated instrument that translates the Act’s power to set penalty ceilings into concrete numeric limits for particular By‑Law subsections. The practical effect on behaviour will depend chiefly on the content of the By‑Laws and how enforcement and prosecutorial discretion are exercised.)"}},"importantCases":[],"_links":{"self":"/api/acts/aboriginal-land-grant-jervis-bay-territory-regulation-2016","history":"/api/acts/aboriginal-land-grant-jervis-bay-territory-regulation-2016/history","analysis":"/api/acts/aboriginal-land-grant-jervis-bay-territory-regulation-2016/analysis","conflicts":"/api/acts/aboriginal-land-grant-jervis-bay-territory-regulation-2016/conflicts","importantCases":"/api/acts/aboriginal-land-grant-jervis-bay-territory-regulation-2016/important-cases","documents":"/api/acts/aboriginal-land-grant-jervis-bay-territory-regulation-2016/documents"}}